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Wang Z, Huang Y, Wang S, Chen J, Meiduo G, Jin M, Zhang X. A case report of fatal familial insomnia with cerebrospinal fluid leukocytosis during the COVID-19 epidemic and review of the literature. Prion 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38226945 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2023.2298520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic neurodegenerative disease. Generally, FFI patients will develop rapidly progressive dementia, sleep disturbance, autonomic dysfunction, and so on. Cerebrospinal fluid examination of FFI patients normally shows no obvious abnormalities. Here, we report a young male patient who was diagnosed with FFI during the COVID-19 epidemic. Clinical symptoms include psychobehavioral abnormality, cognitive decline, sleep disturbance, and autonomic dysfunction. No abnormalities were found in routine examinations after admission. However, the number of white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid increased. Though the patient was treated with anti-infection and immunotherapy, the symptoms were not relieved. A lumbar puncture was performed again, and it was found that the total Tau protein in the cerebrospinal fluid was elevated, and PET results showed that brain metabolism decreased. Finally, a genetic test was used to confirm the diagnosis of FFI. This case suggests that patients with FFI may also have elevated white blood cells in cerebrospinal fluid and timely detection of Tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid is helpful for early identification of FFI. And precise diagnosis relies on genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueqi Huang
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiefang Chen
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gesang Meiduo
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Man Jin
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Zeineldin M, Cox-Struble H, Camp P, Farrell D, Pritchard R, Thacker TC, Lehman K. National Prevalence of Caprine Prion Protein Genetic Variability at Codons 146, 211, and 222 in Goat Herds in the United States. Vet Sci 2023; 11:13. [PMID: 38250919 PMCID: PMC10818752 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Scrapie is a neurodegenerative disease that impacts sheep and goats, characterized by gradual and progressive changes in neurological function. Recent research shows that the scrapie incubation period is significantly influenced by specific variations in amino acids within the prion protein gene (PRNP). The objective of this study was to estimate the national prevalence of caprine PRNP genetic variability at codons 146, 211, and 222 in goat populations across the United States. A total of 3052 blood, ear tissue, and brain tissue samples were collected from goats from 50 states. The participating states were categorized into four Veterinary Service (VS) district regions. The samples underwent DNA extraction, and the PRNP variants corresponding to codons 146, 211, and 222 were amplified and sequenced. The analysis of PRNP variants, when compared to the PRNP reference sequence, revealed seven alleles in twelve genotypes. The homozygous 146NN, 211RR, and 222QQ alleles, which have been linked to an increased risk of scrapie, were found to be the most prevalent among all the goats. The heterozygous 222QK, 211RQ, 146SD, 146ND, and 146NS alleles and the homozygous 222KK, 146SS, and 146DD alleles, known to be associated with reduced scrapie susceptibility and a prolonged incubation period after experimental challenge, were found in 1.098% (222QK), 2.33% (211RQ), 0.58% (146SD), 3.13% (146ND), 20.68% (146NS), 0.005% (222KK), 3.31% (146SS), and 0.67% (146DD) of goats, respectively. The 222QK allele was found most frequently in goats tested from the east (VS District 1, 1.59%) and southwest (VS District 4, 1.08%) regions, whereas the 211RQ allele was found most often in goats tested from the Midwest (VS District 2, 8.03%) and east (VS District 1, 6.53%) regions. The 146NS allele was found most frequently in goats tested from the northwest (VS District 3, 29.02%) and southwest (VS District 4, 20.69%) regions. Our results showed that the prevalence of less susceptible genotypes at PRNP codon 146 may be sufficient to use genetic susceptibility testing in some herds. This may reduce the number of goats removed as part of a herd clean-up plan and may promote the selective breeding goats for less susceptible alleles in high-risk herds at the national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zeineldin
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (H.C.-S.); (P.C.); (D.F.)
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
| | - Heather Cox-Struble
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (H.C.-S.); (P.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Patrick Camp
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (H.C.-S.); (P.C.); (D.F.)
| | - David Farrell
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (H.C.-S.); (P.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Randy Pritchard
- Strategy and Policy, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Tyler C. Thacker
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (H.C.-S.); (P.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Kimberly Lehman
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (H.C.-S.); (P.C.); (D.F.)
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Pereira JC, Gonçalves-Anjo N, Orge L, Pires MA, Rocha S, Figueira L, Matos AC, Silva J, Mendonça P, Carvalho P, Tavares P, Lima C, Alves A, Esteves A, Pinto ML, Pires I, Gama A, Sargo R, Silva F, Seixas F, Vieira-Pinto M, Bastos E. Estimating sequence diversity of prion protein gene ( PRNP) in Portuguese populations of two cervid species: red deer and fallow deer. Prion 2023; 17:75-81. [PMID: 36945178 PMCID: PMC10038017 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2023.2191540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids is now a rising concern in wildlife within Europe, after the detection of the first case in Norway in 2016, in a wild reindeer and until June 2022 a total of 34 cases were described in Norway, Sweden and Finland. The definite diagnosis is post-mortem, performed in target areas of the brain and lymph nodes. Samples are first screened using a rapid test and, if positive, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting. The study of the genetics of the prion protein gene, PRNP, has been proved to be a valuable tool for determining the relative susceptibility to TSEs. In the present study, the exon 3 of PRNP gene of 143 samples from red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) of Portugal was analysed. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in red deer - codon A136A, codon T98A, codon Q226E - and no sequence variation was detected in fallow deer. The low genetic diversity found in our samples is compatible with previous studies in Europe. The comparison with results from North America suggests that the free-ranging deer from our study may present susceptibility to CWD, although lack of experimental data and the necessity of continuous survey are necessary to evaluate these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge C Pereira
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Gonçalves-Anjo
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Leonor Orge
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria A Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sara Rocha
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Figueira
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco (IPCB), Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Ana C Matos
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco (IPCB), Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - João Silva
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula Mendonça
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paulo Carvalho
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula Tavares
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carla Lima
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Anabela Alves
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Maria L Pinto
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Adelina Gama
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Roberto Sargo
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filipe Silva
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Estela Bastos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Chen Z, Guo J, Ran N, Zhong Y, Yang F, Sun H. A family with mental disorder as the first symptom finally confirmed with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease with P102L mutation in PRNP gene - case report. Prion 2023; 17:37-43. [PMID: 36847171 PMCID: PMC9980613 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2023.2180255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) disease is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease, and it is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia. Up to now, GSS cases with the p.P102L mutation have mainly been reported in Caucasian, but rarely in Asian populations. A 54-year-old female patient presented with an unstable gait in the hospital. Last year, she was unable to walk steadily and occasionally choked, could not even walk independently gradually. After taking her medical history, we found that she was misdiagnosed with schizophrenia before the gait problems. The patient's father showed similar symptoms and was diagnosed with brain atrophy at the age of 56, but her daughter showed no similar symptoms at present. On arrival at the Neurology Department, the patient's vital signs and laboratory examinations showed no abnormality. As the proband presented with cerebellar ataxia and had an obvious family history, we were sure that she had hereditary cerebellar ataxia. Then, patient's brain MRI showed an abnormal signal in the right parietal cortex and bilateral small ischaemic lesions in the frontal lobe. A gene panel (including 142 ataxia-related genes) was performed, and a heterozygous mutation PRNP Exon2 c.305C>T p. (Pro102Leu) was identified. Her daughter had the same heterozygous mutation. The patient was diagnosed with GSS with mental disorders as initial symptoms. After 2 months of TCM treatment, the patient's walking instability decreased, and her emotional fluctuations were less than before. In conclusion, we have reported a rare case of GSS in Sichuan, China, and the family with mental disorder as the first symptom was finally confirmed with GSS PRNP P102L mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeran Chen
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Junjun Guo
- Pediatric, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Ningjing Ran
- Neurology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Yujia Zhong
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Neurology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China,CONTACT Fang Yang
| | - Honghui Sun
- Neurology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China,Honghui Sun Neurology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.37 Shi-er-qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
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Liang DL, Shi Q, Xiao K, Ruhan A, Zhou W, Dong XP. Two Chinese patients of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease with a S97N mutation in PRNP gene. Prion 2023; 17:141-144. [PMID: 37962387 PMCID: PMC10898810 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2023.2276921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, 10-15% human prion disease are genetic and inherited, due to the special mutations or insertions in PRNP gene. Herein, we reported two Chinese patients with rapidly progressive dementia who were referred to the national Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) surveillance as suspected CJD. Those two patients displayed sporadic CJD (sCJD)-like clinical phenotype, e.g. rapidly progressive dementia, visional and mental problems, sCJD-associated abnormalities in MRI. A missense mutation was identified in one PRNP allele of these two patients, resulting in a change from serine to asparagine at codon 97 (S97N). RT-QuIC of the cerebrospinal fluid samples from those two cases were positive. It indicates that they are very likely to be prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Lin Liang
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shi
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruhan A
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Shanghai, China
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Jeong MJ, Wang Z, Zou WQ, Kim YC, Jeong BH. The first report of polymorphisms of the prion protein gene ( PRNP) in Pekin ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos domestica). Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1273050. [PMID: 38026621 PMCID: PMC10664711 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1273050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prion diseases have been extensively reported in various mammalian species and are caused by a pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc), which is a misfolded version of cellular prion protein (PrPC). Notably, no cases of prion disease have been reported in birds. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the prion protein gene (PRNP) that encodes PrP have been associated with susceptibility to prion diseases in several species. However, no studies on PRNP polymorphisms in domestic ducks have been reported thus far. Method To investigate PRNP polymorphisms in domestic ducks, we isolated genomic DNA from 214 Pekin duck samples and sequenced the coding region of the Pekin duck PRNP gene. We analyzed genotype, allele, and haplotype distributions and linkage disequilibrium (LD) among the SNPs of the Pekin duck PRNP gene. In addition, we evaluated the effects of the one non-synonymous SNP on the function and structure of PrP using the PROVEAN, PANTHER, SNPs & GO, SODA, and AMYCO in silico prediction programs. Results We found five novel SNPs, c.441 T > C, c.495 T > C, c.582A > G, c.710C > T(P237L), and c.729C > T, in the ORF region of the PRNP gene in 214 Pekin duck samples. We observed strong LD between c.441 T > C and c.582A > G (0.479), and interestingly, the link between c.495 T > C and c.729C > T was in perfect LD, with an r2 value of 1.0. In addition, we identified the five major haplotype frequencies: TTACC, CTGCC, CTACC, CCGCT, and CTATC. Furthermore, we found that the non-synonymous SNP, c.710C > T (P237L), had no detrimental effects on the function or structure of Pekin duck PrP. However, the non-synonymous SNP had deleterious effects on the aggregation propensity and solubility of Pekin duck PrP compared with wildtype Pekin duck PrP. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report on the genetic characteristics of PRNP SNPs in Pekin ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ju Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Zerui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Wen-Quan Zou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yong-Chan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Cassmann ED, Frese AJ, Becker KA, Greenlee JJ. Short incubation periods of atypical H-type BSE in cattle with EK211 and KK211 prion protein genotypes after intracranial inoculation. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1301998. [PMID: 38026617 PMCID: PMC10655004 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1301998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2006, a case of atypical H-type BSE (H-BSE) was found to be associated with a germline mutation in the PRNP gene that resulted in a lysine substitution for glutamic acid at codon 211 (E211K). The E211K amino acid substitution in cattle is analogous to E200K in humans, which is associated with the development of genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). In the present study, we aimed to determine the effect of the EK211 prion protein genotype on incubation time in cattle inoculated with the agent of H-BSE; to characterize the molecular profile of H-BSE in KK211 and EK211 genotype cattle; and to assess the influence of serial passage on BSE strain. Eight cattle, representing three PRNP genotype groups (EE211, EK211, and KK211), were intracranially inoculated with the agent of H-BSE originating from either a case in a cow with the EE211 prion protein genotype or a case in a cow with E211K amino acid substitution. All inoculated animals developed clinical disease; post-mortem samples were collected, and prion disease was confirmed through enzyme immunoassay, anti-PrPSc immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Western blot molecular analysis revealed distinct patterns in a steer with KK211 H-BSE compared to EK211 and EE211 cattle. Incubation periods were significantly shorter in cattle with the EK211 and KK211 genotypes compared to the EE211 genotype. Inoculum type did not significantly influence the incubation period. This study demonstrates a shorter incubation period for H-BSE in cattle with the K211 genotype in both the homozygous and heterozygous forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Cassmann
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Alexis J. Frese
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kelsey A. Becker
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Justin J. Greenlee
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
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Teferedegn EY, Can H, Erkunt Alak S, Ün C. Low frequency of protective variants at regulatory region of PRNP gene indicating the genetically high risk of BSE in Ethiopian Bos indicus and Bos taurus africanus. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1931-1936. [PMID: 35400314 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2058007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility to classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has been linked to 23 bp indel in promoter and 12 bp indel in the first intron of cattle prion protein gene. This study aimed to investigate 23/12 bp indel polymorphisms in the polymorphisms in cattle prion protein (PRNP) gene to reveal the risk of BSE in Ethiopian cattle. Also, frequency of each polymorphism was compared to the other Bos taurus and Bos indicus breeds. According to results, the insertion variant was detected at a low frequency in all of the study populations at both loci. The 23 bp insertion allele in Fogera breed was relatively lower than Borona and Arsi and the same allele at the same locus in Afar breed was higher than the rest of the breeds (0.16). Due to high linkage disequilibrium (LD) of the deletion allele in Bos taurus, the frequencies of deletion allele at 23 bp (0.84) and 12 bp (0.86) loci in Afar breed were relatively closer than the rest of the breeds. In addition, DD/DD was found as the highly frequent diplotype in all of the breeds. The low frequency of insertion alleles at 23 and 12 bp indel sites demonstrate that Ethiopian cattle have a genetically high risk for BSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Yitna Teferedegn
- Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Can
- Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sedef Erkunt Alak
- Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Cemal Ün
- Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Sola D, Artigas R, Mediano DR, Zaragoza P, Badiola JJ, Martín-Burriel I, Acín C. Novel polymorphisms in the prion protein gene ( PRNP) and stability of the resultant prion protein in different horse breeds. Vet Res 2023; 54:94. [PMID: 37848924 PMCID: PMC10583458 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders in which the main pathogenic event is the conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into an abnormal and misfolded isoform known as PrPSc. Most prion diseases and their susceptibility and pathogenesis are mainly modulated by the PRNP gene that codes for PrP. Mutations and polymorphisms in the PRNP gene can alter PrPC amino acid sequence, leading to a change in transmission efficiency depending on the place where it occurs. Horses are animals that are considered to be highly resistant to prions. Several studies have attempted to identify polymorphisms in the PRNP gene that explain the reason for this high resistance. In this study, we have analysed 207 horses from 20 different breeds, discovering 3 novel PRNP polymorphisms. By using computer programmes such as PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, PANTHER, Meta-SNP and PredictSNP, we have predicted the possible impact that these new polymorphisms would have on the horse prion protein. In addition, we measured the propensity for amyloid aggregation using AMYCO and analysed the lack of hydrogen bridges that these changes would entail together with their electrostatic potentials using Swiss-PdbViewer software, showing that an increased amyloid propensity could be due to changes at the level of electrostatic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sola
- Centro de Encefalopatías Y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Rody Artigas
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Unidad Académica de Genética Y Mejora Animal, Universidad de La República, Ruta 8 Km18, 13000, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego R Mediano
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics (LAGENBIO), Faculty of Veterinary, Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics (LAGENBIO), Faculty of Veterinary, Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Badiola
- Centro de Encefalopatías Y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Martín-Burriel
- Centro de Encefalopatías Y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics (LAGENBIO), Faculty of Veterinary, Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Acín
- Centro de Encefalopatías Y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
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10
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Harpaz E, Vuong TT, Tran L, Tranulis MA, Benestad SL, Ersdal C. Inter- and intra-species conversion efficacies of Norwegian prion isolates estimated by serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification. Vet Res 2023; 54:84. [PMID: 37773068 PMCID: PMC10542671 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases, including chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids, are fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by the misfolding of cellular prion proteins. CWD is known to spread among captive and free-ranging deer in North America. In 2016, an outbreak of contagious CWD was detected among wild reindeer in Norway, marking the first occurrence of the disease in Europe. Additionally, new sporadic forms of CWD have been discovered in red deer in Norway and moose in Fennoscandia. We used serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification to study the ability of Norwegian prion isolates from reindeer, red deer, and moose (two isolates), as well as experimental classical scrapie from sheep, to convert a panel of 16 brain homogenates (substrates) from six different species with various prion protein genotypes. The reindeer CWD isolate successfully converted substrates from all species except goats. The red deer isolate failed to convert sheep and goat substrates but exhibited amplification in all cervid substrates. The two moose isolates demonstrated lower conversion efficacies. The wild type isolate propagated in all moose substrates and in the wild type red deer substrate, while the other isolate only converted two of the moose substrates. The experimental classical scrapie isolate was successfully propagated in substrates from all species tested. Thus, reindeer CWD and classical sheep scrapie isolates were similarly propagated in substrates from different species, suggesting the potential for spillover of these contagious diseases. Furthermore, the roe deer substrate supported conversion of three isolates suggesting that this species may be vulnerable to prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Harpaz
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Svebastadveien 112, 4325, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Tram Thu Vuong
- Department of Biohazard and Pathology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Linh Tran
- Department of Biohazard and Pathology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Michael Andreas Tranulis
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Sylvie L Benestad
- Department of Biohazard and Pathology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Cecilie Ersdal
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Svebastadveien 112, 4325, Sandnes, Norway.
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11
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Kim DJ, Kim YC, Jeong BH. First report of a novel polymorphism and genetic characteristics of the leporine prion protein ( PRNP) gene. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1229369. [PMID: 37808111 PMCID: PMC10556520 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1229369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) have been reported in a broad spectrum of hosts. The genetic polymorphisms and characteristics of the prion protein (PRNP) gene have a vital impact on the development of TSEs. Notably, natural TSE infection cases have never been reported in rabbits, and genetic variations of the leporine PRNP gene have not been investigated to date. To identify leporine PRNP gene polymorphism, we performed amplicon sequencing in 203 rabbits. We report a novel single nucleotide polymorphism on the leporine PRNP gene. In addition, we performed a comparative analysis of amino acid sequences of prion protein (PrP) across several hosts using ClustalW2. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of changes of unique leporine PrP amino acids with those conserved among various species using Swiss-Pdb Viewer. Interestingly, we found seven unique leporine amino acids, and the change of unique leporine amino acids with those conserved among other species, including S175N, Q221K, Q221R, A226Y, A230G, and A230S, was predicted to reduce hydrogen bonds in leporine PrP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ju Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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12
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Ganguly J, Tuesta Bernaola M, Jog M. Four Octapeptide Repeat Insertion (4-OPRI) in PRNP Causing Huntington Disease Phenocopy. Can J Neurol Sci 2023:1-3. [PMID: 37614119 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2023.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Ganguly
- Movement Disorder Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mellany Tuesta Bernaola
- Movement Disorder Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mandar Jog
- Movement Disorder Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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13
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Gim GM, Eom KH, Kwon DH, Jung DJ, Kim DH, Yi JK, Ha JJ, Lee JH, Lee SB, Son WJ, Yum SY, Lee WW, Jang G. Generation of double knockout cattle via CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) electroporation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:103. [PMID: 37543609 PMCID: PMC10404370 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome editing has been considered as powerful tool in agricultural fields. However, genome editing progress in cattle has not been fast as in other mammal species, for some disadvantages including long gestational periods, single pregnancy, and high raising cost. Furthermore, technically demanding methods such as microinjection and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) are needed for gene editing in cattle. In this point of view, electroporation in embryos has been risen as an alternative. RESULTS First, editing efficiency of our electroporation methods were tested for embryos. Presence of mutation on embryo was confirmed by T7E1 assay. With first combination, mutation rates for MSTN and PRNP were 57.6% ± 13.7% and 54.6% ± 13.5%, respectively. In case of MSTN/BLG, mutation rates were 83.9% ± 23.6% for MSTN, 84.5% ± 18.0% for BLG. Afterwards, the double-KO embryos were transferred to surrogates and mutation rate was identified in resultant calves by targeted deep sequencing. Thirteen recipients were transferred for MSTN/PRNP, 4 calves were delivered, and one calf underwent an induction for double KO. Ten surrogates were given double-KO embryos for MSTN/BLG, and four of the six calves that were born had mutations in both genes. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that production of genome edited cattle via electroporation of RNP could be effectively applied. Finally, MSTN and PRNP from beef cattle and MSTN and BLG from dairy cattle have been born and they will be valuable resources for future precision breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-Min Gim
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- LARTBio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hyeon Eom
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- LARTBio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeok Kwon
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Jung
- Gyeongsangbukdo Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Gyeongsangbukdo Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Koo Yi
- Gyeongsangbukdo Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jung Ha
- Gyeongsangbukdo Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Won-Wu Lee
- LARTBio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Jang
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- LARTBio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee YR, Kim YC, Won SY, Jeong MJ, Park KJ, Park HC, Roh IS, Kang HE, Sohn HJ, Jeong BH. Identification of a novel risk factor for chronic wasting disease (CWD) in elk: S100G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the prion protein gene ( PRNP). Vet Res 2023; 54:48. [PMID: 37328789 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal and malignant infectious encephalopathies induced by the pathogenic form of prion protein (PrPSc) originating from benign prion protein (PrPC). A previous study reported that the M132L single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the prion protein gene (PRNP) is associated with susceptibility to chronic wasting disease (CWD) in elk. However, a recent meta-analysis integrated previous studies that did not find an association between the M132L SNP and susceptibility to CWD. Thus, there is controversy about the effect of M132L SNP on susceptibility to CWD. In the present study, we investigated novel risk factors for CWD in elk. We investigated genetic polymorphisms of the PRNP gene by amplicon sequencing and compared genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies between CWD-positive and CWD-negative elk. In addition, we performed a linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis by the Haploview version 4.2 program. Furthermore, we evaluated the 3D structure and electrostatic potential of elk prion protein (PrP) according to the S100G SNP using AlphaFold and the Swiss-PdbViewer 4.1 program. Finally, we analyzed the free energy change of elk PrP according to the S100G SNP using I-mutant 3.0 and CUPSAT. We identified 23 novel SNP of the elk PRNP gene in 248 elk. We found a strong association between PRNP SNP and susceptibility to CWD in elk. Among those SNP, S100G is the only non-synonymous SNP. We identified that S100G is predicted to change the electrostatic potential and free energy of elk PrP. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report of a novel risk factor, the S100G SNP, for CWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ran Lee
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Young Won
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Je Park
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoo-Chang Park
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soon Roh
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Eun Kang
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Sohn
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Nan H, Liu L, Chen Z, Chu M, Li J, Jing D, Wang Y, Wu L. Octapeptide repeat alteration mutations of the prion protein gene in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Clin Genet 2023. [PMID: 37148197 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies focusing on octapeptide repeat alteration mutations in PRNP in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) cohorts have been rare. We aim to screen sporadic AD and FTD patients with unknown etiology for the octapeptide repeat insertions and deletions in PRNP. Two hundred and six individuals were screened for alterations to the repeat region in the PRNP gene, including 146 sporadic AD and 60 sporadic FTD patients. Our study showed a 1.5% (3/206) occurrence of the octapeptide repeat alteration mutations in PRNP in a Chinese cohort of sporadic dementia. One late-onset FTD patient and one early-onset AD patient each had a two-octapeptide repeat deletion in PRNP, while one early-onset AD patient had a five-octapeptide repeat insertion mutation. PRNP octapeptide repeat alteration mutations are present in sporadic AD and FTD patients. The genetic investigation for PRNP octapeptide repeat alteration mutations in sporadic dementia patients should be carried out in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Nan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jieying Li
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Donglai Jing
- Department of Neurology, Rongcheng People's Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Yihao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Kong Y, Chen Z, Zhang J, Wang X, Wu L. Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of the Heidenhain Variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051092. [PMID: 37243178 DOI: 10.3390/v15051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Heidenhain variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (HvCJD), as a rare phenotype of CJD, has been under-recognized. We aim to elucidate the clinical and genetic features of HvCJD and investigate the differences of clinical features between genetic and sporadic HvCJD to improve our understanding of this rare subtype. METHOD HvCJD patients admitted to the Xuanwu Hospital from February 2012 to September 2022 were identified, and published reports on genetic HvCJD cases were also reviewed. The clinical and genetic features of HvCJD were summarized, and the clinical features between genetic and sporadic HvCJD were compared. RESULTS A total of 18 (7.9%) HvCJD patients were identified from 229 CJD cases. Blurred vision was the most common visual disturbance at the disease's onset, and the median duration of isolated visual symptoms was 30.0 (14.8-40.0) days. DWI hyperintensities could appear in the early stage, which might help with early diagnosis. Combined with previous studies, nine genetic HvCJD cases were identified. The most common mutation was V210I (4/9), and all patients (9/9) had methionine homozygosity (MM) at codon 129. Only 25% of cases had a family history of the disease. Compared to sporadic HvCJD, genetic HvCJD cases were more likely to present with non-blurred vision visual symptoms at onset and develop cortical blindness during the progression of the disease. CONCLUSIONS HvCJD not only could be sporadic, but also, it could be caused by different PRNP mutations. Sporadic HvCJD was more likely to present with blurred vision visual symptoms at onset, and genetic HvCJD was more likely to develop cortical blindness with the disease's progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kong
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhongyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Library, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Liyong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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17
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Deng J, Fu F, Zhang F, Xia Y, Zhou Y. Construct ceRNA Network and Risk Model of Breast Cancer Using Machine Learning Methods under the Mechanism of Cuproptosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061203. [PMID: 36980514 PMCID: PMC10047351 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) has an undesirable prognosis and is the second most common cancer among women after lung cancer. A novel mechanism of programmed cell death called cuproptosis is linked to the development and spread of tumor cells. However, the function of cuproptosis in BRCA remains unknown. To this date, no studies have used machine learning methods to screen for characteristic genes to explore the role of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in breast cancer. Therefore, 14 cuproptosis-related characteristic genes (CRCGs) were discovered by the feature selection of 39 differentially expressed CRGs using the three machine learning methods LASSO, SVM-RFE, and random forest. Through the PPI network and immune infiltration analysis, we found that PRNP was the key CRCG. The miRTarBase, TargetScan, and miRDB databases were then used to identify hsa-miR-192-5p and hsa-miR-215-5p as the upstream miRNA of PRNP, and the upstream lncRNA, CARMN, was identified by the StarBase database. Thus, the mRNA PRNP/miRNA hsa-miR-192-5p and hsa-miR-215-5p/lncRNA CARMN ceRNA network was constructed. This ceRNA network, which has not been studied before, is extremely innovative. Furthermore, four cuproptosis-related lncRNAs (CRLs) were screened in TCGA-BRCA by univariate Cox, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The risk model was constructed by using these four CRLs, and the risk score = C9orf163 * (1.8365) + PHC2-AS1 * (-2.2985) + AC087741.1 * (-0.9504) + AL109824.1 * (0.6016). The ROC curve and C-index demonstrated the superior predictive capacity of the risk model, and the ROC curve demonstrated that the AUC of 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS in all samples was 0.721, 0.695, and 0.633, respectively. Finally, 50 prospective sensitive medicines were screened with the pRRophetic R package, among which 17-AAG may be a therapeutic agent for high-risk patients, while the other 49 medicines may be suitable for the treatment of low-risk patients. In conclusion, our study constructs a new ceRNA network and a novel risk model, which offer a theoretical foundation for the treatment of BRCA and will aid in improving the prognosis of BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Embedded Technology and Intelligent Information Processing, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Fei Fu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Fengming Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
- College of Foreign Studies, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yuehan Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
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18
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Adeola AC, Bello SF, Abdussamad AM, Mark AI, Sanke OJ, Onoja AB, Nneji LM, Abdullahi N, Olaogun SC, Rogo LD, Mangbon GF, Pedro SL, Hiinan MP, Mukhtar MM, Ibrahim J, Saidu H, Dawuda PM, Bala RK, Abdullahi HL, Salako AE, Kdidi S, Yahyaoui MH, Yin TT. Scrapie-associated polymorphisms of the prion protein gene ( PRNP) in Nigerian native goats. Gene X 2023; 855:147121. [PMID: 36535463 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrapie is a fatal prion protein disease stiffly associated with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of the prion protein gene (PRNP). The prevalence of this deadly disease has been reported in small ruminants, including goats. The Nigerian goats are hardy, trypano-tolerant, and contribute to the protein intake of the increasing population. Although scrapie has been reported in Nigerian goats, there is no study on the polymorphism of the PRNP gene. Herein, we evaluated the genetic and allele distributions of PRNP polymorphism in 132 Nigerian goats and compared them with publicly available studies on scrapie-affected goats. We utilized Polyphen-2, PROVEAN and AMYCO programs to examine structural variations produced by the non-synonymous SNPs. Our study revealed 29 SNPs in Nigerian goats, of which 14 were non-synonymous, and 23 were novel. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) in the allele frequencies of PRNP codons 139, 146, 154 and 193 in Nigerian goats compared with scrapie-affected goats, except for Northern Italian goats at codon 154. Based on the prediction by Polyphen-2, R139S and N146S were 'benign', R154H was 'probably damaging', and T193I was 'possibly damaging'. In contrast, PROVEAN predicted 'neutral' for all non-synonymous SNPs, while AMYCO showed a similar amyloid propensity of PRNP for resistant haplotype and two haplotypes of Nigerian goats. Our study is the first to investigate the polymorphism of scrapie-related genes in Nigerian goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeniyi C Adeola
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Centre for Biotechnology Research, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
| | - Semiu F Bello
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Abdussamad M Abdussamad
- Centre for Biotechnology Research, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Akanbi I Mark
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Secretariat, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oscar J Sanke
- Taraba State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jalingo, Nigeria
| | - Anyebe B Onoja
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Lotanna M Nneji
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, United States
| | - Nasiru Abdullahi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Sunday C Olaogun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Lawal D Rogo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Manasseh P Hiinan
- Small Ruminant Section, Solomon Kesinton Agro-Allied Limited Iperu-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad M Mukhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Jebi Ibrahim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Hayatu Saidu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Philip M Dawuda
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Lesotho, South Africa
| | - Rukayya K Bala
- Centre for Biotechnology Research, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza L Abdullahi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale E Salako
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Samia Kdidi
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Institut des Régions Arides, Université de Gabes, Route El Djorf, Km 22.5, Medenine 4119, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Habib Yahyaoui
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Institut des Régions Arides, Université de Gabes, Route El Djorf, Km 22.5, Medenine 4119, Tunisia
| | - Ting-Ting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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19
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Kai H, Teruya K, Takeuchi A, Nakamura Y, Mizusawa H, Yamada M, Kitamoto T. Preventive or promotive effects of PRNP polymorphic heterozygosity on the onset of prion disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13974. [PMID: 36915552 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymorphic heterozygosity of PRNP at codon 129 or 219 prevents the onset of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). We investigated the association between polymorphic genotypes at codon 129 or 219 and comprehensive prion disease onset using non-CJD as a reference. EK heterozygotes at codon 219, versus EE homozygotes, showed a preventive effect on the extensive prion diseases-sCJD, genetic CJD (gCJD) with V180I or M232R mutation, and Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease with P102L mutation. No preventive effect was observed for E200K-gCJD and dura-grafted CJD (dCJD) in 129 MV and 219 EK heterozygotes. It was suggested that unlike other prion diseases, E200K-gCJD may not benefit from the preventive effect of 219 EK heterozygosity because complementary electrostatic interactions between PrP molecules at K200 and E219 might make homodimer formation easier. Comparison of sCJD and dCJD indicates that 219 EK heterozygosity strongly inhibits de novo synthesis of PrPSc (initial PrPSc formation), but does not inhibit accelerated propagation of existing PrPSc.
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20
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Armocida D, Busceti CL, Biagioni F, Fornai F, Frati A. The Role of Cellular Prion Protein in Glioma Tumorigenesis Could Be through the Autophagic Mechanisms: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021405. [PMID: 36674920 PMCID: PMC9865539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The carcinogenesis of glial tumors appears complex because of the many genetic and epigenetic phenomena involved. Among these, cellular prion protein (PrPC) is considered a key factor in cell-death resistance and important aspect implicated in tumorigenesis. Autophagy also plays an important role in cell death in various pathological conditions. These two cellular phenomena are related and share the same activation by specific alterations in the cellular microenvironment. Furthermore, there is an interdependence between autophagy and prion activity in glioma tumorigenesis. Glioma is one of the most aggressive known cancers, and the fact that such poorly studied processes as autophagy and PrPC activity are so strongly involved in its carcinogenesis suggests that by better understanding their interaction, more can be understood about its origin and treatment. Few studies in the literature relate these two cellular phenomena, much less try to explain their combined activity and role in glioma carcinogenesis. In this study, we explored the recent findings on the molecular mechanism and regulation pathways of autophagy, examining the role of PrPC in autophagy processes and how they may play a central role in glioma tumorigenesis. Among the many molecular interactions that PrP physiologically performs, it appears that processes shared with autophagy activity are those most implicated in glial tumor carcinogeneses such as activity on MAP kinases, PI3K, and mTOR. This work can be supportive and valuable as a basis for further future studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Armocida
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-39-3287-4496
| | - Carla Letizia Busceti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frati
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
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21
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Kim YC, Won SY, Jeong BH. No association of prion protein gene ( PRNP) polymorphisms with susceptibility to the pandemic 2009 swine flu. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022; 19:1-5. [PMID: 36408482 PMCID: PMC9660098 DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The pandemic 2009 swine flu is a highly infectious respiratory disorder caused by H1N1 influenza A viruses. A recent study reported that knockout of the prion protein gene (PRNP) induced susceptibility and lethality in influenza A virus-infected mice. Objective Thus, we examined the association between genetic variations of the PRNP gene and susceptibility to pandemic 2009 swine flu. Results We did not find an association between PRNP polymorphisms and susceptibility to pandemic 2009 swine flu. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this was the first evaluation of the association between PRNP polymorphisms and vulnerability to pandemic 2009 swine flu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-Ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531 Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Young Won
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-Ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531 Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-Ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531 Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea
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22
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Gelpi E, Baiardi S, Nos C, Dellavalle S, Aldecoa I, Ruiz-Garcia R, Ispierto L, Escudero D, Casado V, Barranco E, Boltes A, Molina-Porcel L, Bargalló N, Rossi M, Mammana A, Tiple D, Vaianella L, Stoegmann E, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Kasprian G, Klotz S, Höftberger R, Budka H, Kovacs GG, Ferrer I, Capellari S, Sanchez-Valle R, Parchi P. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease VM1: phenotypic and molecular characterization of a novel subtype of human prion disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:114. [PMID: 35978418 PMCID: PMC9387077 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The methionine (M)—valine (V) polymorphic codon 129 of the prion protein gene (PRNP) plays a central role in both susceptibility and phenotypic expression of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseases (sCJD). Experimental transmissions of sCJD in humanized transgenic mice led to the isolation of five prion strains, named M1, M2C, M2T, V2, and V1, based on two major conformations of the pathological prion protein (PrPSc, type 1 and type 2), and the codon 129 genotype determining susceptibility and propagation efficiency. While the most frequent sCJD strains have been described in codon 129 homozygosis (MM1, MM2C, VV2) and heterozygosis (MV1, MV2K, and MV2C), the V1 strain has only been found in patients carrying VV. We identified six sCJD cases, 4 in Catalonia and 2 in Italy, carrying MV at PRNP codon 129 in combination with PrPSc type 1 and a new clinical and neuropathological profile reminiscent of the VV1 sCJD subtype rather than typical MM1/MV1. All patients had a relatively long duration (mean of 20.5 vs. 3.5 months of MM1/MV1 patients) and lacked electroencephalographic periodic sharp-wave complexes at diagnosis. Distinctive histopathological features included the spongiform change with vacuoles of larger size than those seen in sCJD MM1/MV1, the lesion profile with prominent cortical and striatal involvement, and the pattern of PrPSc deposition characterized by a dissociation between florid spongiform change and mild synaptic deposits associated with coarse, patch-like deposits in the cerebellar molecular layer. Western blot analysis of brain homogenates revealed a PrPSc type 1 profile with physicochemical properties reminiscent of the type 1 protein linked to the VV1 sCJD subtype. In summary, we have identified a new subtype of sCJD with distinctive clinicopathological features significantly overlapping with those of the VV1 subtype, possibly representing the missing evidence of V1 sCJD strain propagation in the 129MV host genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Gelpi
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna and Austrian Reference Center for Human Prion Diseases (ÖRPE), AKH Leitstelle 4J, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobank-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Simone Baiardi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlos Nos
- General Subdirectorate of Surveillance and Response to Emergencies in Public Health, Department of Public Health in Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sofia Dellavalle
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Iban Aldecoa
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobank-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Center for Biomedical Diagnosis, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Ruiz-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Center for Biomedical Diagnosis, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ispierto
- Cognitive and Movement Disorders Unit, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol de Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domingo Escudero
- Cognitive and Movement Disorders Unit, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol de Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurology Department, Alzheimer Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virgina Casado
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Barranco
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital General de Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anuncia Boltes
- Department of Neurology, Hospital General de Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobank-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurology Department, Alzheimer Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Bargalló
- Radiology Department, Image Diagnosis Center, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain and Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility of IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcello Rossi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Mammana
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dorina Tiple
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Vaianella
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrid Klotz
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna and Austrian Reference Center for Human Prion Diseases (ÖRPE), AKH Leitstelle 4J, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna and Austrian Reference Center for Human Prion Diseases (ÖRPE), AKH Leitstelle 4J, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Budka
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna and Austrian Reference Center for Human Prion Diseases (ÖRPE), AKH Leitstelle 4J, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine Program & Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of BarcelonaBellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLCIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabina Capellari
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobank-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurology Department, Alzheimer Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Piero Parchi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139, Bologna, Italy. .,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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23
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Goldman JS, Vallabh SM. Genetic counseling for prion disease: Updates and best practices. Genet Med 2022; 24:1993-2003. [PMID: 35819418 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion disease is a rare, fatal, and often rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease. Ten to fifteen percent of cases are caused by autosomal dominant gain-of-function variants in the prion protein gene, PRNP. Rarity and phenotypic variability complicate diagnosis, often obscuring family history and leaving families unprepared for the genetic implications of an index case. Several recent developments inspire this update in best practices for prion disease genetic counseling. A new prion-detection assay has transformed symptomatic diagnosis. Meanwhile, penetrance, age of onset, and duration of illness have been systematically characterized across PRNP variants in a global cohort. Clinically, the traditional genotype-phenotype correlation has weakened over time, and the term genetic prion disease may now better serve providers than the historical subtypes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia, and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease. Finally, in the age of genetically targeted therapies, clinical trials for prion disease are being envisaged, and healthy at-risk individuals may be best positioned to benefit. Such individuals need to be able to access clinical services for genetic counseling and testing. Thus, this update on the genetics of prion disease and best practices for genetic counseling for this disease aims to provide the information needed to expand genetic counseling services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia M Vallabh
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Prion Alliance, Cambridge, MA.
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24
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Choi M, Moon S, Eom HJ, Lim SM, Kim YH, Nam S. High Expression of PRNP Predicts Poor Prognosis in Korean Patients with Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133173. [PMID: 35804944 PMCID: PMC9264980 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) has the highest occurrence and fourth-highest mortality rate of all cancers in Korea. Although survival rates are improving with the development of diagnosis and treatment methods, the five-year survival rate for stage 4 GC in Korea remains <10%. Therefore, it is important to identify candidate prognostic factors for predicting poor prognosis. PRNP is a gene encoding the prion protein PrP, which has been noted for its role in the nervous system and is known to be upregulated in various cancers and associated with both cell proliferation and metastasis. However, the value of PRNP as a prognostic factor for Korean GC patients remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the relationship between PRNP expression and survival in three independent datasets for Korean patients with GC as well as the TCGA-STAD dataset. Survival analysis indicates that high levels of PRNP expression are associated with poor overall survival of patients with GC. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that PRNP is associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition and Hedgehog signaling. In addition, proliferation of GC cell lines was inhibited after siRNA-mediated knockdown of PRNP. In conclusion, our study suggests a potential role for PRNP as a candidate prognostic factor for patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Choi
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - SeongRyeol Moon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Medical Science, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Eom
- Research and Development Department, Corestem Inc., Seongnam 13486, Korea;
| | - Seung Mook Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13486, Korea;
| | | | - Seungyoon Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Medical Science, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-458-2737; Fax: +82-32-458-2875
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25
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Kim YC, Kim HH, Kim K, Kim AD, Jeong BH. Novel Polymorphisms and Genetic Characteristics of the Shadow of Prion Protein Gene ( SPRN) in Cats, Hosts of Feline Spongiform Encephalopathy. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050981. [PMID: 35632724 PMCID: PMC9148082 DOI: 10.3390/v14050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) caused by pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) originating from normal prion protein (PrPC) and have been reported in several types of livestock and pets. Recent studies have reported that the shadow of prion protein (Sho) encoded by the shadow of prion protein gene (SPRN) interacts with prion protein (PrP) and accelerates prion diseases. In addition, genetic polymorphisms in the SPRN gene are related to susceptibility to prion diseases. However, genetic polymorphisms in the feline SPRN gene and structural characteristics of the Sho have not been investigated in cats, a major host of feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE). We performed amplicon sequencing to identify feline SPRN polymorphisms in the 623 bp encompassing the open reading frame (ORF) and a small part of the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the SPRN gene. We analyzed the impact of feline SPRN polymorphisms on the secondary structure of SPRN mRNA using RNAsnp. In addition, to find feline-specific amino acids, we carried out multiple sequence alignments using ClustalW. Furthermore, we analyzed the N-terminal signal peptide and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor using SignalP and PredGPI, respectively. We identified three novel SNPs in the feline SPRN gene and did not find strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) among the three SNPs. We found four major haplotypes of the SPRN polymorphisms. Strong LD was not observed between PRNP and SPRN polymorphisms. In addition, we found alterations in the secondary structure and minimum free energy of the mRNA according to the haplotypes in the SPRN polymorphisms. Furthermore, we found four feline-specific amino acids in the feline Sho using multiple sequence alignments among several species. Lastly, the N-terminal signal sequence and cutting site of the Sho protein of cats showed similarity with those of other species. However, the feline Sho protein exhibited the shortest signal sequence and a unique amino acid in the omega-site of the GPI anchor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on genetic polymorphisms of the feline SPRN gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Jeonbuk, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (H.-H.K.)
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ho Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Jeonbuk, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (H.-H.K.)
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Kiwon Kim
- Haemalken Animal Hospital, Yangju 11492, Gyeonggi, Korea;
| | - An-Dang Kim
- Cool-Pet Animal Hospital, Anyang 14066, Gyeonggi, Korea;
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Jeonbuk, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (H.-H.K.)
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-900-4040; Fax: +82-63-900-4012
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26
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Roh IS, Kim YC, Won SY, Jeong MJ, Park KJ, Park HC, Lee YR, Kang HE, Sohn HJ, Jeong BH. The first report of a strong association between genetic polymorphisms of the prion protein gene ( PRNP) and susceptibility to chronic wasting disease (CWD) in sika deer (Cervus nippon). Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2073-e2083. [PMID: 35349210 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases are incurable neurodegenerative disorders caused by proteinase K-resistant prion protein (PrPSc ) derived from normal prion protein (PrPC ) encoded by the prion protein gene (PRNP). Although the cervid PRNP gene plays a pivotal role in the pathological mechanism of chronic wasting disease (CWD), there is no existing association analysis between susceptibility to CWD and genetic polymorphisms of the PRNP gene in sika deer. We investigated genetic polymorphisms of the PRNP gene using amplicon sequencing in sika deer. In addition, to identify a genetic susceptibility factor, we compared genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of the PRNP gene between CWD-positive and CWD-negative sika deer. Furthermore, to assess the effect of the genetic polymorphisms on sika deer prion protein (PrP), we performed in silico analysis using PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN and AMYCO. Finally, we analyzed the tertiary structure and electrostatic potential of sika deer PrP based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the SWISS-MODEL and Swiss-PdbViewer programs. We found a total of 24 SNPs of the PRNP gene including 22 novel SNPs (10 synonymous SNPs and 12 non-synonymous SNPs) in sika deer. Among the non-synonymous SNPs, we found a strong association of the susceptibility to CWD with c.56G>A (Ser19Asn). In addition, we found that c.56G>A (Ser19Asn), c.296A>T (His99Leu) and c.560T>A (Val187Asp) were predicted to have damaging effects on sika deer PrP. Furthermore, we observed significant alterations in the electrostatic potential of sika deer PrP by genetic polymorphisms of the 187Asp allele. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first association study between genetic polymorphisms of the PRNP gene and susceptibility to CWD in sika deer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Soon Roh
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Young Won
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Je Park
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoo-Chang Park
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ran Lee
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Eun Kang
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Sohn
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
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27
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Yang SL, Chen SF, Zhao CB, Han X. A case of A133V genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting with bilateral thalamic lesions and atypical clinical features. Acta Neurol Belg 2022. [PMID: 35313361 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-01870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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28
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Gandoglia I, Strada L, Poleggi A, Castaldi A, Del Sette M, Di Maria E. Penetrance of the V203I variant of the PRNP gene: report of a patient with stroke-like onset of Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease and review of published cases. Prion 2022; 16:19-22. [PMID: 35167423 PMCID: PMC8855849 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2022.2035479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is usually sporadic, but 10–15% of cases are caused by autosomal-dominant pathogenic variants in the prion protein gene (PRNP). A few PRNP variants show low penetrance. We report the case of a 64-year-old man, admitted to the ward with acute onset of aphasia; death occurred 6 weeks later. Brain MRI, EEG pattern and brain pathology were consistent with CJD diagnosis. Genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous V203I variant. We summarized the key clinical findings in patients carrying the V203I variant who were described to date. We also discuss the hypothesis as to whether V203I is a risk factor for CJD rather than a Mendelian disease-associated variant, as well as the possible implications of such hypothesis in the clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Strada
- Unit of Neurology, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Poleggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Castaldi
- Unit of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Emilio Di Maria
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy.,Unit of Medical Genetics, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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Kim YC, Jeong BH. The First Meta-Analysis of the M129V Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of the Prion Protein Gene ( PRNP) with Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113132. [PMID: 34831353 PMCID: PMC8618741 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal, chronic, and incurable neurodegenerative diseases caused by pathogenic forms of prion protein (PrPSc) derived from endogenous forms of prion protein (PrPC). Several case–control and genome-wide association studies have reported that the M129V polymorphism of the human prion protein gene (PRNP) is significantly associated with susceptibility to sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD). However, since some case–control studies have not shown these associations, the results remain controversial. We collected data that contain the genotype and allele frequencies of the M129V single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the PRNP gene and information on ethnic backgrounds from sporadic CJD patients. We performed a meta-analysis by collecting data from eligible studies to evaluate the association between the M129V SNP of the PRNP gene and susceptibility to sporadic CJD. We found a very strong association between the M129V SNP of the PRNP gene and susceptibility to sporadic CJD using a meta-analysis for the first time. We validated the eligibility of existing reports and found severe heterogeneity in some previous studies. We also found that the MM homozygote is a potent risk factor for sporadic CJD compared to the MV heterozygote in the heterozygote comparison model (MM vs. MV, odds ratio = 4.9611, 95% confidence interval: 3.4785; 7.0758, p < 1 × 10−10). To the best of our knowledge, this was the first meta-analysis assessment of the relationship between the M129V SNP of the PRNP gene and susceptibility to sporadic CJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea;
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea;
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-900-4040; Fax: +82-63-900-4012
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Ott-Conn CN, Blanchong JA, Larson WA. Prion protein polymorphisms in Michigan white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus). Prion 2021; 15:183-190. [PMID: 34751633 PMCID: PMC8583003 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2021.1990628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), a well-described transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of the Cervidae family, is associated with the aggregation of an abnormal isoform (PrPCWD) of the naturally occurring host prion protein (PrPC). Variations in the PrP gene (PRNP) have been associated with CWD rate of infection and disease progression. We analysed 568 free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from 9 CWD-positive Michigan counties for PRNP polymorphisms. Sampling included 185 CWD-positive, 332 CWD non-detected, and an additional 51 CWD non-detected paired to CWD-positives by sex, age, and harvest location. We found 12 polymorphic sites of which 5 were non-synonymous and resulted in a change in amino acid composition. Thirteen haplotypes were predicted, of which 11 have previously been described. Using logistic regression, consistent with other studies, we found haplotypes C (OR = 0.488, 95% CI = 0.321–0.730, P < 0.001) and F (OR = 0.122, 95% CI = 0.007–0.612, P < 0.05) and diplotype BC (OR = 0.340, 95% CI = 0.154–0.709, P < 0.01) were less likely to be found in deer infected with CWD. As has also been documented in other studies, the presence of a serine at amino acid 96 was less likely to be found in deer infected with CWD (P < 0.001, OR = 0.360 and 95% CI = 0.227–0.556). Identification of PRNP polymorphisms associated with reduced vulnerability to CWD in Michigan deer and their spatial distribution can help managers design surveillance programmesand identify and prioritize areas for CWD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin N Ott-Conn
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Disease Laboratory, Lansing, USA
| | - Julie A Blanchong
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Wes A Larson
- National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, AK, USA
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Baiardi S, Rossi M, Mammana A, Appleby BS, Barria MA, Calì I, Gambetti P, Gelpi E, Giese A, Ghetti B, Herms J, Ladogana A, Mikol J, Pal S, Ritchie DL, Ruf V, Windl O, Capellari S, Parchi P. Phenotypic diversity of genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a histo-molecular-based classification. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:707-28. [PMID: 34324063 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The current classification of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) includes six major clinicopathological subtypes defined by the physicochemical properties of the protease-resistant core of the pathologic prion protein (PrPSc), defining two major PrPSc types (i.e., 1 and 2), and the methionine (M)/valine (V) polymorphic codon 129 of the prion protein gene (PRNP). How these sCJD subtypes relate to the well-documented phenotypic heterogeneity of genetic CJD (gCJD) is not fully understood. We analyzed molecular and phenotypic features in 208 individuals affected by gCJD, carrying 17 different mutations, and compared them with those of a large series of sCJD cases. We identified six major groups of gCJD based on the combination PrPSc type and codon 129 genotype on PRNP mutated allele, each showing distinctive histopathological characteristics, irrespectively of the PRNP associated mutation. Five gCJD groups, named M1, M2C, M2T, V1, and V2, largely reproduced those previously described in sCJD subtypes. The sixth group shared phenotypic traits with the V2 group and was only detected in patients carrying the E200K-129M haplotype in association with a PrPSc type of intermediate size (“i”) between type 1 and type 2. Additional mutation-specific effects involved the pattern of PrP deposition (e.g., a “thickened” synaptic pattern in E200K carriers, cerebellar “stripe-like linear granular deposits” in those with insertion mutations, and intraneuronal globular dots in E200K-V2 or -M”i”). A few isolated cases linked to rare PRNP haplotypes (e.g., T183A-129M), showed atypical phenotypic features, which prevented their classification into the six major groups. The phenotypic variability of gCJD is mostly consistent with that previously found in sCJD. As in sCJD, the codon 129 genotype and physicochemical properties of PrPSc significantly correlated with the phenotypic variability of gCJD. The most common mutations linked to CJD appear to have a variable and overall less significant effect on the disease phenotype, but they significantly influence disease susceptibility often in a strain-specific manner. The criteria currently used for sCJD subtypes can be expanded and adapted to gCJD to provide an updated classification of the disease with a molecular basis.
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Ishida Y, Tian T, Brandt AL, Kelly AC, Shelton P, Roca AL, Novakofski J, Mateus-Pinilla NE. Association of chronic wasting disease susceptibility with prion protein variation in white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus). Prion 2021; 14:214-225. [PMID: 32835598 PMCID: PMC7518741 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2020.1805288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is caused by prions, infectious proteinaceous particles, PrPCWD. We sequenced the PRNP gene of 2,899 white-tailed deer (WTD) from Illinois and southern Wisconsin, finding 38 haplotypes. Haplotypes A, B, D, E, G and 10 others encoded Q95G96S100N103A123Q226, designated ‘PrP variant A.’ Haplotype C and five other haplotypes encoded PrP ‘variant C’ (Q95S96S100N103A123Q226). Haplotype F and three other haplotypes encoded PrP ‘variant F’ (H95G96S100N103A123Q226). The association of CWD with encoded PrP variants was examined in 2,537 tested WTD from counties with CWD. Relative to PrP variant A, CWD susceptibility was lower in deer with PrP variant C (OR = 0.26, p < 0.001), and even lower in deer with PrP variant F (OR = 0.10, p < 0.0001). Susceptibility to CWD was highest in deer with both chromosomes encoding PrP variant A, lower with one copy encoding PrP variant A (OR = 0.25, p < 0.0001) and lowest in deer without PrP variant A (OR = 0.07, p < 0.0001). There appeared to be incomplete dominance for haplotypes encoding PrP variant C in reducing CWD susceptibility. Deer with both chromosomes encoding PrP variant F (FF) or one encoding PrP variant C and the other F (CF) were all CWD negative. Our results suggest that an increased population frequency of PrP variants C or F and a reduced frequency of PrP variant A may reduce the risk of CWD infection. Understanding the population and geographic distribution of PRNP polymorphisms may be a useful tool in CWD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Ishida
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ting Tian
- Illinois Natural History Survey-Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, IL, USA.,School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Adam L Brandt
- Illinois Natural History Survey-Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, IL, USA.,Division of Natural Sciences, St. Norbert College , De Pere, WI, USA
| | - Amy C Kelly
- Illinois Natural History Survey-Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, IL, USA.,Bayer U.S. - Crop Sciences Biotechnology Genomics and Data Science, BB4929-A , Chesterfield, MO, USA
| | - Paul Shelton
- Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife Resources , Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Alfred L Roca
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jan Novakofski
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, USA.,Illinois Natural History Survey-Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Nohra E Mateus-Pinilla
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, USA.,Illinois Natural History Survey-Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, IL, USA
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Roh IS, Kim YC, Kim HJ, Won SY, Jeong MJ, Hwang JY, Kang HE, Sohn HJ, Jeong BH. Polymorphisms of the prion-related protein gene are strongly associated with cervids' susceptibility to chronic wasting disease. Vet Rec 2021; 190:e940. [PMID: 34562285 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a cervid prion disease that is caused by abnormal prion protein (PrPSc ). Recent studies have reported that prion family genes showed a strong association with the susceptibility of several types of prion diseases. To date, an association study of the prion-related protein gene (PRNT) has not been performed in any type of cervid prion disease. METHODS In the present study, we investigated PRNT polymorphisms in large deer, including 235 elk, 257 red deer and 150 sika deer. We compared genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of PRNT polymorphisms between CWD-negative animals and CWD-positive animals to find an association of PRNT polymorphisms with the susceptibility of CWD. RESULTS We found a total of five novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cervid PRNT gene. Interestingly, we observed significantly different distributions of genotypes and allele frequencies of three PRNT SNPs, including c.108C>T, c.159+30C>T and c.159+32A>C, between CWD-negative and CWD-positive red deer. In addition, significant differences of two haplotype frequencies in red deer were found between the CWD-negative and CWD-positive groups. However, the association identified in the red deer was not found in elk and sika deer. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe the strong association of PRNT SNPs with the susceptibility of CWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Soon Roh
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Young Won
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Hwang
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Eun Kang
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Sohn
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Matsuzono K, Kim Y, Honda H, Anan Y, Hashimoto Y, Sano I, Iwaki T, Kitamoto T, Fujimoto S. Optic nerve atrophy and visual disturbance following PRNP Y162X truncation mutation. J Neurol Sci 2021; 428:117614. [PMID: 34403953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Matsuzono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Younhee Kim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Yuhei Anan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuto Hashimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Ichiya Sano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Toru Iwaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Kitamoto
- Division of CJD Science and Technology, Department of Neurological Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shigeru Fujimoto
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Haley N, Donner R, Merrett K, Miller M, Senior K. Selective Breeding for Disease-Resistant PRNP Variants to Manage Chronic Wasting Disease in Farmed Whitetail Deer. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1396. [PMID: 34573378 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of cervids caused by a misfolded variant of the normal cellular prion protein, and it is closely related to sheep scrapie. Variations in a host's prion gene, PRNP, and its primary protein structure dramatically affect susceptibility to specific prion disorders, and breeding for PRNP variants that prevent scrapie infection has led to steep declines in the disease in North American and European sheep. While resistant alleles have been identified in cervids, a PRNP variant that completely prevents CWD has not yet been identified. Thus, control of the disease in farmed herds traditionally relies on quarantine and depopulation. In CWD-endemic areas, depopulation of private herds becomes challenging to justify, leading to opportunities to manage the disease in situ. We developed a selective breeding program for farmed white-tailed deer in a high-prevalence CWD-endemic area which focused on reducing frequencies of highly susceptible PRNP variants and introducing animals with less susceptible variants. With the use of newly developed primers, we found that breeding followed predictable Mendelian inheritance, and early data support our project's utility in reducing CWD prevalence. This project represents a novel approach to CWD management, with future efforts building on these findings.
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Won SY, Kim YC, Do K, Jeong BH. The First Report of Genetic Polymorphisms of the Equine SPRN Gene in Outbred Horses, Jeju and Halla Horses. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2574. [PMID: 34573540 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prion disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by the accumulation of pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) in various mammalian hosts. However, to date, prion disease has not been reported in horses. Since the Sho protein encoded by the shadow of the prion protein gene (SPRN) plays an essential role in the progression of prion diseases, we investigated the genetic characteristics of the equine SPRN gene in horses. We found four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the equine SPRN gene and significant different distributions among three horse breeds including Jeju, Halla and Thoroughbred horses. Although the polymorphisms affect the property of mRNA of the equine SPRN gene, it did not affect the sequence and structure of Sho protein. Since several non-synonymous SNPs of the SPRN gene have been reported in prion diseases-susceptible animals, the absence of non-synonymous SNP of the equine SPRN gene in the horses is noticeable. Abstract Prion disease is a fatal infectious disease caused by the accumulation of pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) in several mammals. However, to date, prion disease has not been reported in horses. The Sho protein encoded by the shadow of the prion protein gene (SPRN) plays an essential role in the pathomechanism of prion diseases. To date, the only genetic study of the equine SPRN gene has been reported in the inbred horse, Thoroughbred horse. We first discovered four SPRN single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 141 Jeju and 88 Halla horses by direct DNA sequencing. In addition, we found that the genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of these SNPs of Jeju horses were significantly different from those of Halla and Thoroughbred horses, this latter breed is also included in this study. Furthermore, we observed that the minimum free energy and mRNA secondary structure were significantly different according to haplotypes of equine SPRN polymorphisms by the RNAsnp program. Finally, we compared the SNPs in the coding sequence (CDS) of the SPRN gene between horses and prion disease-susceptible species. Notably, prion disease-susceptible animals had polymorphisms that cause amino acid changes in the open reading frame (ORF) of the SPRN gene, while these polymorphisms were not found in horses.
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Kim YC, Park KJ, Hwang JY, Park HC, Kang HE, Sohn HJ, Jeong BH. In-depth examination of PrP Sc in Holstein cattle carrying the E211K somatic mutation of the bovine prion protein gene ( PRNP). Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e356-e361. [PMID: 34470082 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases are transmissible spongiform encephalopathies caused by deleterious prion protein (PrPSc ) derived from normal prion protein (PrPC ), which is encoded by the prion protein gene (PRNP). We performed an in-depth examination to detect PrPSc by using enzyme immunoassay (EIA), real-time quaking-induced conversion reactions (RT-QuIC) and protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) in nine brain tissues derived from three Holstein cattle carrying the E211K somatic mutation of the bovine PRNP gene. The EIA, RT-QuIC and PMCA analyses were not able to detect the PrPSc band in any tested samples. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe an in-depth examination of PrPSc in cattle carrying the E211K somatic mutation of the bovine PRNP gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Je Park
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Hwang
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoo-Chang Park
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Eun Kang
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Sohn
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Shi Q, Shen XJ, Gao LP, Xiao K, Zhou W, Wang Y, Chen C, Dong XP. A Chinese patient with the clinical features of Parkinson's disease contains a single copy of octarepeat deletion in PRNP case report. Prion 2021; 15:121-125. [PMID: 34224312 PMCID: PMC8259714 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2021.1946376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insertion or deletion of single copy of octapeptide repeat (OR) in human PrP protein are considered as polymorphism, while of insertions of more numbers of OR and deletion of two copies of OR are associated with genetic prion diseases.Here, we reported a 58-year-old female patient who displayed clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) but contained deletion mutation of single copy of OR in one PRNP allele. The patient complained involuntary tremor of left upper limb for 18 months and her symptoms aggravation for 6 months at the time referring to Chinese National CJD surveillance system. The tremor was pronounced at rest, exacerbated by stress and disappear during sleep. Her symptoms were partially relieved after receiving medicament for PD. Neurological examination recorded involuntary movement of left hand and gear-like muscle tension of left upper limb. Coordination movement reported positive of Romberg sign and unstable in heel-keen test. EEG recorded a mild abnormality, but without periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWC). MRI showed a mild write matter demyelination. CSF protein 14-3-3 was negative. PRNP sequencing revealed heterozygosity of single copy deletion on ORs (R1-2-3-4/R1-2-2-3-4).No family history of neurodegenerative disease was recorded. Such case with a single copy of OR deletion in PRNP displaying the feature of PD is rarely reported in Chinese mainland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Prion Disease department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shen
- Infectious Disease Prevention and control department, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Prion Disease department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention-Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Hassan A, Campbell T, Darwent L, Odd H, Green A, Collinge J, Mead S. Case report of homozygous E200D mutation of PRNP in apparently sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:248. [PMID: 34182938 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inherited prion diseases are rare autosomal dominant disorders associated with diverse clinical presentations. All are associated with mutation of the gene that encodes prion protein (PRNP). Homozygous mutations with atypical clinical phenotypes have been described but are extremely rare. Case presentation A Chinese patient presented with a rapidly progressive cognitive and motor disorder in the clinical spectrum of sCJD. Investigations strongly suggested a diagnosis of CJD. He was found to carry a homozygous mutation at PRNP codon 200 (E200D), but there was no known family history of the disorder. The estimated allele frequency of E200D in East Asian populations is incompatible with it being a highly penetrant mutation in the heterozygous state. Conclusion In our view the homozygous PRNP E200D genotype is likely to be causal of CJD in this patient. Homotypic PrP interactions are well known to favour the development of prion disease. The case is compatible with recessively inherited prion disease.
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Haworth SE, Nituch L, Northrup JM, Shafer ABA. Characterizing the demographic history and prion protein variation to infer susceptibility to chronic wasting disease in a naïve population of white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus). Evol Appl 2021; 14:1528-1539. [PMID: 34178102 PMCID: PMC8210793 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessments of the adaptive potential in natural populations are essential for understanding and predicting responses to environmental stressors like climate change and infectious disease. Species face a range of stressors in human-dominated landscapes, often with contrasting effects. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; deer) are expanding in the northern part of their range following decreasing winter severity and increasing forage availability. Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disease affecting deer, is likewise expanding and represents a major threat to deer and other cervids. We obtained tissue samples from free-ranging deer across their native range in Ontario, Canada, which has yet to detect CWD in wild populations. We used high-throughput sequencing to assess neutral genomic variation and variation in the prion protein gene (PRNP) that is partly responsible for the protein misfolding when deer contract CWD. Neutral variation revealed a high number of rare alleles and no population structure, and demographic models suggested a rapid historical population expansion. Allele frequencies of PRNP variants associated with CWD susceptibility and disease progression were evenly distributed across the landscape and consistent with deer populations not infected with CWD. We estimated the selection coefficient of CWD, with simulations showing an observable and rapid shift in PRNP allele frequencies that coincides with the start of a novel CWD outbreak. Sustained surveillance of genomic and PRNP variation can be a useful tool for guiding management practices, which is especially important for CWD-free regions where deer are managed for ecological and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Haworth
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughONCanada
| | - Larissa Nituch
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring SectionOntario Ministry of Natural Resources and ForestryTrent UniversityPeterboroughONCanada
| | - Joseph M. Northrup
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughONCanada
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring SectionOntario Ministry of Natural Resources and ForestryTrent UniversityPeterboroughONCanada
| | - Aaron B. A. Shafer
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughONCanada
- Department of ForensicsTrent UniversityPeterboroughONCanada
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Kdidi S, Yahyaoui MH, Conte M, Chiappini B, Hammadi M, Khorchani T, Vaccari G. Genetic Variation in the Prion Protein Gene ( PRNP) of Two Tunisian Goat Populations. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1635. [PMID: 34073078 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Goat production is contributing to the economic and social development of rural areas in arid lands, within harsh conditions of Southern Tunisia. In this geographic zone, there are two caprine populations: the native goat population and the crossed goat population. Genotyping goats for the prion protein gene (PRNP) allows us to estimate their level of genetic susceptibility to scrapie disease. In the present work, the Sanger sequencing method of the entire PRNP coding sequence was used to determine the different PRNP genotypes and haplotypes in two populations (116 animals). This study represents the first investigation on goats’ PRNP genetic variability in Tunisia, and the results are useful in the design of national breeding programs. Abstract Scrapie is a fatal prion disease. It belongs to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), and occurs in sheep and goats. Similarly, to ovine species, the prion protein gene (PRNP) plays a major role in conferring resistance or susceptibility to TSE in goats. This study assesses the variability of PRNP in native and crossed-breed goat populations raised in the Southeast of Tunisia and provides information on the distribution of PRNP haplotypes and genotypes in these goat populations. A total of 116 unrelated goats including 82 native and 34 crossed-breed goats were screened for PRNP polymorphisms using Sanger sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed 10 non-synonymous polymorphisms (G37V, M137I, R139S, I142M, H143R, N146D, R154H, R211Q, Q222K, and S240P), giving rise to 12 haplotypes and 23 genotypes. Moreover, four silent mutations were detected at codons 30, 42, 138, and 179; the former was reported for the first time in goat (nucleotide 60 c→t). Interestingly, the PrP variants associated with resistance (D146 and K222) or with a prolonged incubation time of goat to scrapie (M142, R143, H154, Q211) were absent or detected with low frequencies except for H154 variant, which is present with high frequency (1%, 1%, 4%, 0%, 88%, and 6%, respectively, for native goats, and 0%, 1%, 0%, 1%, 78%, and 1%, respectively, for crossed goats). The analysis of PRNP polymorphisms of goats raised in other regions of the country will be useful in getting a global view of PRNP genetic variability and the feasibility of goat breeding programs in Tunisia.
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Yoon S, Go G, Yoon Y, Lim J, Lee G, Lee S. Harnessing the Physiological Functions of Cellular Prion Protein in the Kidneys: Applications for Treating Renal Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:784. [PMID: 34067472 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a ubiquitous cell surface glycoprotein, and its physiological functions have been receiving increased attention. Endogenous PrPC is present in various kidney tissues and undergoes glomerular filtration. In prion diseases, abnormal prion proteins are found to accumulate in renal tissues and filtered into urine. Urinary prion protein could serve as a diagnostic biomarker. PrPC plays a role in cellular signaling pathways, reno-protective effects, and kidney iron uptake. PrPC signaling affects mitochondrial function via the ERK pathway and is affected by the regulatory influence of microRNAs, small molecules, and signaling proteins. Targeting PrPC in acute and chronic kidney disease could help improve iron homeostasis, ameliorate damage from ischemia/reperfusion injury, and enhance the efficacy of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell or extracellular vesicle-based therapeutic strategies. PrPC may also be under the influence of BMP/Smad signaling and affect the progression of TGF-β-related renal fibrosis. PrPC conveys TNF-α resistance in some renal cancers, and therefore, the coadministration of anti-PrPC antibodies improves chemotherapy. PrPC can be used to design antibody-drug conjugates, aptamer-drug conjugates, and customized tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases to suppress cancer. With preclinical studies demonstrating promising results, further research on PrPC in the kidney may lead to innovative PrPC-based therapeutic strategies for renal disease.
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Won SY, Kim YC, Jeong BH. Evaluation of proteinase K-resistant prion protein (PrPres) in Korean native black goats carrying a potential scrapie-susceptible haplotype of the prion protein gene ( PRNP). Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:88-93. [PMID: 33844641 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prion disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a broad host range in humans and animals. It is caused by proteinase K-resistant prion protein (PrPres). In previous studies, a heterogeneous infection in Cervidae and Caprinae was reported. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) has been frequently reported as the only prion disease in Korea that occurs in livestock. Thus, there is a possibility of transmission of CWD to Korean native black goats. However, PrPres has not been investigated thus far in Korean native black goats. We found strong linkage disequilibrium between c.126G>A and c.414T>C (r2 = 1) and between c.718C>T and c.126G>A (r2 = 0.638). In addition, the haplotype GTGTAAAC (representing codons 42, 102, 127, 138, 143, 146, 218 and 240) showed the highest frequency with 45.1%. Among 41 Korean native black goats, 20 animals (48.78%) were homozygous for the susceptible haplotypes (histidine at codon 143, asparagine at codon 146 and arginine at codon 154). Interestingly, we did not detect PrPres bands in any of the tested animals, including the 20 animals carrying potential scrapie susceptible haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Young Won
- 1Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120 Hana-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531, Republic of Korea
- 2Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Kim
- 1Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120 Hana-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531, Republic of Korea
- 2Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- 1Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120 Hana-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531, Republic of Korea
- 2Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Kim YC, Won SY, Jeong MJ, Jeong BH. Absence of proteinase K-resistant PrP in Korean Holstein cattle carrying potential bovine spongiform encephalopathy-related E211K somatic mutation. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:805-812. [PMID: 33660931 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a kind of prion disease caused by proteinase K-resistant prion protein (PrPSc ) in cattle. Although BSE has been reported worldwide, BSE-infected cases have never been reported in Korea. In a previous study, we identified BSE-related somatic mutation E211K in 3 Korean Holstein cattle. In Korea, the BSE surveillance system has been established. However, several genetic factors have not been controlled simultaneously thus far. In the present study, we performed enhanced surveillance of prion disease-related factors in Korean cattle, including Holstein cattle and Hanwoo (Korean native cattle), which is widely raised for meat. We investigated the germline mutation E211K at codon 211 of the PRNP gene and analysed genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of the 23- and 12-bp insertion/deletion polymorphisms of the PRNP gene using direct DNA sequencing. In addition, we investigated linkage disequilibrium (LD) and compared haplotype distributions of polymorphisms among cattle breeds. Furthermore, we carried out BSE diagnosis in the medulla oblongata (MO) of Korean cattle including 3 Korean Holstein cattle carrying somatic mutation E211K using Western blotting analysis. We did not find the E211K mutation in the PRNP gene in any of the Korean cattle and found significantly different genotype, allele and haplotype distributions of the 23- and 12-bp insertion/deletion polymorphisms of the PRNP gene in male Holstein compared with male Hanwoo, female Hanwoo and total Hanwoo. In addition, only male Holstein showed weak LD between 23- and 12-bp insertion/deletion polymorphisms. Furthermore, the PrPSc bands were not detected in all Korean cattle tested. To the best of our knowledge, the enhanced surveillance system of BSE was conducted for the first time in Korean cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sae-Young Won
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Min-Ju Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Jeong MJ, Kim YC, Jeong BH. The First Report of the Prion Protein Gene ( PRNP) Sequence in Pekin Ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos domestica): The Potential Prion Disease Susceptibility in Ducks. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:193. [PMID: 33525657 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc), converted from normal prion protein (PrPC), causes prion disease. Although prion disease has been reported in several mammalian species, chickens are known to show strong resistance to prion diseases. In addition to chickens, the domestic duck occupies a large proportion in the poultry industry and may be regarded as a potential resistant host against prion disease. However, the DNA sequence of the prion protein gene (PRNP) has not been reported in domestic ducks. Here, we performed amplicon sequencing targeting the duck PRNP gene with the genomic DNA of Pekin ducks. In addition, we aligned the PrP sequence of the Pekin duck with that of various species using ClustalW2 and carried out phylogenetic analysis using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis X (MEGA X). We also constructed the structural modeling of the tertiary and secondary structures in avian PrP using SWISS-MODEL. Last, we investigated the aggregation propensity on Pekin duck PrP using AMYCO. We first reported the DNA sequence of the PRNP gene in Pekin ducks and found that the PrP sequence of Pekin ducks is more similar to that of geese than to that of chickens and mallards (wild ducks). Interestingly, Pekin duck PrP showed a high proportion of β-sheets compared to that of chicken PrP, and a high aggregation propensity compared to that of avian PrPs. However, Pekin duck PrP with substitutions of chicken-specific amino acids showed reduced aggregation propensities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the genetic characteristics of the PRNP sequence in Pekin ducks.
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Torricelli M, Sebastiani C, Ciullo M, Ceccobelli S, Chiappini B, Vaccari G, Capocefalo A, Conte M, Giovannini S, Lasagna E, Sarti FM, Biagetti M. PRNP Polymorphisms in Eight Local Goat Populations/Breeds from Central and Southern Italy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020333. [PMID: 33525718 PMCID: PMC7911694 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In goats, as in sheep, genotypes of the prion protein gene (PRNP) can influence animals' susceptibility to scrapie. Since the polymorphic codons in sheep are well known, a genetic selection plan has been implemented in Europe, in order to reduce the prevalence of susceptible genotypes to scrapie. In Italy, no breeding plan for scrapie resistance in goats has been adopted, yet. Likewise, according to the most recent modification of Regulation EU 999/2001 (Regulation EU 772/2020) of the European Commission (EU), based on all the available experimental and in field data, K222, D146 and S146 polymorphisms could be used as scrapie resistance alleles in genetic management both in scrapie outbreaks and in disease prevention. In order to collect data on the variability of PRNP, the present study aimed to analyze the sequence of the PRNP gene in eight Italian local goat populations/breeds reared in central and southern Italy (Bianca Monticellana, Capestrina, Facciuta della Valnerina, Fulva del Lazio, Garganica, Grigia Ciociara, Grigia Molisana, and Teramana), some of which were investigated for the first time; moreover, two cosmopolitan breeds (Alpine and Saanen) were included. Blood samples were collected from 219 goats. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood. DNA was used as template in PCR amplification of the entire PRNP open reading frame (ORF). Purified amplicons have been sequenced and aligned to Capra hircus PRNP. Particularly, the alleles carrying the resistance-related 222 K polymorphism occurred in all populations with a frequency between 2.5% and 12.5%. An additional resistance allele carrying the S146 variant was observed with a frequency of 3.7% only in the Alpine breed. For three of the estimated alleles, we could not establish if the found double polymorphisms in heterozygosis were in phase, due to technical limitations. In this context, in addition to selective culling in scrapie outbreaks according to the European regulation in force, in the future, selection plans could be adopted to deal with scrapie and to control its diffusion, meanwhile paying attention to preserve a high variability of PRNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Torricelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche-Togo Rosati (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.T.); (C.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Carla Sebastiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche-Togo Rosati (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.T.); (C.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcella Ciullo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche-Togo Rosati (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.T.); (C.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Simone Ceccobelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Barbara Chiappini
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (G.V.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Gabriele Vaccari
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (G.V.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Antonio Capocefalo
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (G.V.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Michela Conte
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (G.V.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Samira Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (S.G.); (E.L.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Emiliano Lasagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (S.G.); (E.L.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Francesca Maria Sarti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (S.G.); (E.L.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Massimo Biagetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche-Togo Rosati (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.T.); (C.S.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Go G, Lee SH. The Cellular Prion Protein: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9208. [PMID: 33276687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the cellular prion protein (PrPC) have been actively conducted because misfolded PrPC is known to cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion disease. PrPC is a glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface glycoprotein that has been reported to affect several cellular functions such as stress protection, cellular differentiation, mitochondrial homeostasis, circadian rhythm, myelin homeostasis, and immune modulation. Recently, it has also been reported that PrPC mediates tumor progression by enhancing the proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancer cells. In addition, PrPC regulates cancer stem cell properties by interacting with cancer stem cell marker proteins. In this review, we summarize how PrPC promotes tumor progression in terms of proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and cancer stem cell properties. In addition, we discuss strategies to treat tumors by modulating the function and expression of PrPC via the regulation of HSPA1L/HIF-1α expression and using an anti-prion antibody.
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Yang XH, Xiao K, Wu Y, Gao L, Chen D, Dong XP, Shi Q. Cloning and analysis of PRNP gene of Vulpes corsac in Qinghai plateau, China. Prion 2020; 14:20-23. [PMID: 31880206 PMCID: PMC6959281 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2019.1704496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PRNP gene encodes PrP protein, which is conservative among different species and associates with the susceptibility of prion disease. In this report, we cloned and sequenced the full-length PRNP gene of Vulpes corsac in Qinghai plateau, China. The amino acid sequence of Vulpes corsac PrP showed 100% homology with those of the other three species of foxes. The taxa relationship of Vulpes corsac PrP with other species of animals, including human, canine, bovine, cervus, capra, ovis, camelus, felis, Mustela, mouse and hamster were also analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuezhang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Bhatia S, Bijarnia-Mahay S, Dubey S, Gourie-Devi M. Familial Prion Disease: First Indian Kindred with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Syndrome. Neurol India 2020; 68:1431-1434. [PMID: 33342883 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.304068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome is a devastating hereditary prion disease, presenting in 4th-5th decade with progressive ataxia and dementia. Pathogenic variants in the PRNP gene lead to aggregation of misfolded prion protein which results in neurodegeneration and death within a few years of onset. A key feature of prion disorders is conversion of normal prion protein (PrPc) into its misfolded form (PrPSc). Genetic modifiers include methionine at position 129 in prion protein and octapeptide repeats. We present an Indian kindred with c. 305C > T, p.Pro102Leu mutation in PRNP gene causing GSS in multiple members and discuss the impact of the polymorphism at position 129 on the severity of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Bhatia
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Bijarnia-Mahay
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudisha Dubey
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Cassmann E, Moore SJ, Kokemuller R, Balkema-Buschmann A, Groschup M, Nicholson E, Greenlee J. Bovine adapted transmissible mink encephalopathy is similar to L-BSE after passage through sheep with the VRQ/VRQ genotype but not VRQ/ARQ. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:383. [PMID: 33032590 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) is a fatal neurologic disease of farmed mink. Evidence indicates that TME and L-BSE are similar and may be linked in some outbreaks of TME. We previously transmitted bovine adapted TME (bTME) to sheep. The present study compared ovine passaged bTME (o-bTME) to C-BSE and L-BSE in transgenic mice expressing wild type bovine prion protein (TgBovXV). To directly compare the transmission efficiency of all prion strains in this study, we considered the attack rates and mean incubation periods. Additional methods for strain comparison were utilized including lesion profiles, fibril stability, and western blotting. Results Sheep donor genotype elicited variable disease phenotypes in bovinized mice. Inoculum derived from a sheep with the VRQ/VRQ genotype (o-bTMEVV) resulted in an attack rate, incubation period, western blot profile, and neuropathology most similar to bTME and L-BSE. Conversely, donor material from a sheep with the VRQ/ARQ genotype (o-bTMEAV) elicited a phenotype distinct from o-bTMEVV, bTME and L-BSE. The TSE with the highest transmission efficiency in bovinized mice was L-BSE. The tendency to efficiently transmit to TgBovXV mice decreased in the order bTME, C-BSE, o-bTMEVV, and o-bTMEAV. The transmission efficiency of L-BSE was approximately 1.3 times higher than o-bTMEVV and 3.2 times higher than o-bTMEAV. Conclusions Our findings provide insight on how sheep host genotype modulates strain genesis and influences interspecies transmission characteristics. Given that the transmission efficiencies of L-BSE and bTME are higher than C-BSE, coupled with previous reports of L-BSE transmission to mice expressing the human prion protein, continued monitoring for atypical BSE is advisable in order to prevent occurrences of interspecies transmission that may affect humans or other species.
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