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Li Z, Wu Q, Yan N. A structural atlas of druggable sites on Na v channels. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2287832. [PMID: 38033122 PMCID: PMC10732651 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2287832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels govern membrane excitability by initiating and propagating action potentials. Consistent with their physiological significance, dysfunction, or mutations in these channels are associated with various channelopathies. Nav channels are thereby major targets for various clinical and investigational drugs. In addition, a large number of natural toxins, both small molecules and peptides, can bind to Nav channels and modulate their functions. Technological breakthrough in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has enabled the determination of high-resolution structures of eukaryotic and eventually human Nav channels, alone or in complex with auxiliary subunits, toxins, and drugs. These studies have not only advanced our comprehension of channel architecture and working mechanisms but also afforded unprecedented clarity to the molecular basis for the binding and mechanism of action (MOA) of prototypical drugs and toxins. In this review, we will provide an overview of the recent advances in structural pharmacology of Nav channels, encompassing the structural map for ligand binding on Nav channels. These findings have established a vital groundwork for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqiang Li
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiurong Wu
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nieng Yan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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2
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Zhang Y, Wu J, Zheng Y, Xu Y, Yu Z, Ping Y. Voltage Gated Ion Channels and Sleep. J Membr Biol 2024:10.1007/s00232-024-00325-0. [PMID: 39354150 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-024-00325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Ion channels are integral components of the nervous system, playing a pivotal role in shaping membrane potential, neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission and plasticity. Dysfunction in these channels, such as improper expression or localization, can lead to irregular neuronal excitability and synaptic communication, which may manifest as various behavioral abnormalities, including disrupted rest-activity cycles. Research has highlighted the significant impact of voltage gated ion channels on sleep parameters, influencing sleep latency, duration and waveforms. Furthermore, these ion channels have been implicated in the vulnerability to, and the pathogenesis of, several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide a summary of the regulatory role of three predominant types of voltage-gated ion channels-calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+)-in sleep across species, from flies to mammals. We will also discuss the association of sleep disorders with various human diseases that may arise from the dysfunction of these ion channels, thereby underscoring the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting specific ion channel subtypes for sleep disturbance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yuxian Zheng
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yangkun Xu
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Ziqi Yu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong Ping
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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3
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Hollingworth D, Thomas F, Page DA, Fouda MA, De Castro RLR, Sula A, Mykhaylyk VB, Kelly G, Ulmschneider MB, Ruben PC, Wallace BA. Structural basis for the rescue of hyperexcitable cells by the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis drug Riluzole. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8426. [PMID: 39341837 PMCID: PMC11438954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal hyperexcitability is a key element of many neurodegenerative disorders including the motor neuron disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), where it occurs associated with elevated late sodium current (INaL). INaL results from incomplete inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) after their opening and shapes physiological membrane excitability. However, dysfunctional increases can cause hyperexcitability-associated diseases. Here we reveal the atypical binding mechanism which explains how the neuroprotective ALS-treatment drug riluzole stabilises VGSCs in their inactivated state to cause the suppression of INaL that leads to reversed cellular overexcitability. Riluzole accumulates in the membrane and enters VGSCs through openings to their membrane-accessible fenestrations. Riluzole binds within these fenestrations to stabilise the inactivated channel state, allowing for the selective allosteric inhibition of INaL without the physical block of Na+ conduction associated with traditional channel pore binding VGSC drugs. We further demonstrate that riluzole can reproduce these effects on a disease variant of the non-neuronal VGSC isoform Nav1.4, where pathologically increased INaL is caused directly by mutation. Overall, we identify a model for VGSC inhibition that produces effects consistent with the inhibitory action of riluzole observed in models of ALS. Our findings will aid future drug design and supports research directed towards riluzole repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hollingworth
- School of Natural Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Thomas
- School of Natural Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dana A Page
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Mohamed A Fouda
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Raquel Lopez-Rios De Castro
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Biological Physics and Soft Matter Group, Department of Physics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Altin Sula
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Vitaliy B Mykhaylyk
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - Geoff Kelly
- The Medical Research Council Biomedical NMR Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Peter C Ruben
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | - B A Wallace
- School of Natural Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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4
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Wang X, Luo H, Peng X, Chen J. Spider and scorpion knottins targeting voltage-gated sodium ion channels in pain signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 227:116465. [PMID: 39102991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
In sensory neurons that transmit pain signals, whether acute or chronic, voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are crucial for regulating excitability. NaV1.1, NaV1.3, NaV1.6, NaV1.7, NaV1.8, and NaV1.9 have been demonstrated and defined their functional roles in pain signaling based on their biophysical properties and distinct patterns of expression in each subtype of sensory neurons. Scorpions and spiders are traditional Chinese medicinal materials, belonging to the arachnid class. Most of the studied species of them have evolved venom peptides that exhibit a wide variety of knottins specifically targeting VGSCs with subtype selectivity and conformational specificity. This review provides an overview on the exquisite knottins from scorpion and spider venoms targeting pain-related NaV channels, describing the sequences and the structural features as well as molecular determinants that influence their selectivity on special subtype and at particular conformation, with an aim for the development of novel research tools on NaV channels and analgesics with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiting Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Huan Luo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xiaozhen Peng
- School of Public Health & Laboratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China.
| | - Jinjun Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Cell Mechanics and Function Analysis, Changsha 418000, China.
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5
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Pei S, Wang N, Mei Z, Zhangsun D, Craik DJ, McIntosh JM, Zhu X, Luo S. Conotoxins Targeting Voltage-Gated Sodium Ion Channels. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:828-845. [PMID: 38914468 PMCID: PMC11331937 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels are intimately involved in the generation and transmission of action potentials, and dysfunction of these channels may contribute to nervous system diseases, such as epilepsy, neuropathic pain, psychosis, autism, and cardiac arrhythmia. Many venom peptides selectively act on NaV channels. These include conotoxins, which are neurotoxins secreted by cone snails for prey capture or self-defense but which are also valuable pharmacological tools for the identification and/or treatment of human diseases. Typically, conotoxins contain two or three disulfide bonds, and these internal crossbraces contribute to conotoxins having compact, well defined structures and high stability. Of the conotoxins containing three disulfide bonds, some selectively target mammalian NaV channels and can block, stimulate, or modulate these channels. Such conotoxins have great potential to serve as pharmacological tools for studying the functions and characteristics of NaV channels or as drug leads for neurologic diseases related to NaV channels. Accordingly, discovering or designing conotoxins targeting NaV channels with high potency and selectivity is important. The amino acid sequences, disulfide bond connectivity, and three-dimensional structures are key factors that affect the biological activity of conotoxins, and targeted synthetic modifications of conotoxins can greatly improve their activity and selectivity. This review examines NaV channel-targeted conotoxins, focusing on their structures, activities, and designed modifications, with a view toward expanding their applications. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: NaV channels are crucial in various neurologic diseases. Some conotoxins selectively target NaV channels, causing either blockade or activation, thus enabling their use as pharmacological tools for studying the channels' characteristics and functions. Conotoxins also have promising potential to be developed as drug leads. The disulfide bonds in these peptides are important for stabilizing their structures, thus leading to enhanced specificity and potency. Together, conotoxins targeting NaV channels have both immediate research value and promising future application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengrong Pei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China (S.P., N.W., Z.M., D.Z., X.Z., S.L.); Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China (D.Z., S.L.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D.J.C.); Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.); and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Nan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China (S.P., N.W., Z.M., D.Z., X.Z., S.L.); Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China (D.Z., S.L.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D.J.C.); Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.); and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Zaoli Mei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China (S.P., N.W., Z.M., D.Z., X.Z., S.L.); Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China (D.Z., S.L.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D.J.C.); Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.); and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Dongting Zhangsun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China (S.P., N.W., Z.M., D.Z., X.Z., S.L.); Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China (D.Z., S.L.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D.J.C.); Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.); and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - David J Craik
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China (S.P., N.W., Z.M., D.Z., X.Z., S.L.); Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China (D.Z., S.L.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D.J.C.); Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.); and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - J Michael McIntosh
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China (S.P., N.W., Z.M., D.Z., X.Z., S.L.); Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China (D.Z., S.L.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D.J.C.); Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.); and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China (S.P., N.W., Z.M., D.Z., X.Z., S.L.); Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China (D.Z., S.L.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D.J.C.); Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.); and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Sulan Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China (S.P., N.W., Z.M., D.Z., X.Z., S.L.); Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China (D.Z., S.L.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D.J.C.); Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.); and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
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6
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Jiménez-Castillo RA, Frazier R, Venkatesan T, Remes-Troche JM. Cyclic vomiting syndrome: From pathophysiology to treatment. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA DE MEXICO (ENGLISH) 2024; 89:389-403. [PMID: 39034267 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder characterized by recurrent and unpredictable episodes of intense vomiting, interspersed with periods of apparent wellbeing. This disorder, which primarily affects children and adolescents but can persist into adulthood, has recently been the subject of extensive study and analysis in the medical literature. The aim of the present review is to examine the most important aspects of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, subtypes, diagnostic criteria, and current management of CVS. Even though the exact etiology remains unknown, genetic factors (polymorphisms), nervous system alterations and autonomic dysregulation, and environmental factors (use and abuse of cannabinoids) are postulated as possible triggers. CVS has significant diagnostic challenges, given that there is no specific test for confirming its presence. Thorough evaluation of symptoms and the ruling out of other possible causes of recurrent vomiting are required. Management of CVS typically involves a multidisciplinary approach. Pharmacologic options are explored, such as antiemetics and preventive medications, as well as behavioral and psychologic support therapies. Treatment personalization is essential, adapting it to the individual needs of each patient. Despite advances in the understanding of CVS, it remains a significant clinical challenge. This disorder impacts the quality of life of those affected and their families, underscoring the ongoing need for research and the development of more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Jiménez-Castillo
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Endoscopía Digestiva, Hospital Universitario «Dr. José E. González», Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - R Frazier
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - T Venkatesan
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - J M Remes-Troche
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico.
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7
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Moreira-Junior L, Leal-Cardoso JH, Cassola AC, Carvalho-de-Souza JL. Eugenol and lidocaine inhibit voltage-gated Na + channels from dorsal root ganglion neurons with different mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1354737. [PMID: 38989141 PMCID: PMC11234063 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1354737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Eugenol (EUG) is a bioactive monoterpenoid used as an analgesic, preservative, and flavoring agent. Our new data show EUG as a voltage-gated Na+ channel (VGSC) inhibitor, comparable but not identical to lidocaine (LID). EUG inhibits both total and only TTX-R voltage-activated Na+ currents (INa) recorded from VGSCs naturally expressed on dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons in rats. Inhibition is quick, fully reversible, and dose-dependent. Our biophysical and pharmacological analyses showed that EUG and LID inhibit VGSCs with different mechanisms. EUG inhibits VGSCs with a dose-response relationship characterized by a Hill coefficient of 2, while this parameter for the inhibition by LID is 1. Furthermore, in a different way from LID, EUG modified the voltage dependence of both the VGSC activation and inactivation processes and the recovery from fast inactivated states and the entry to slow inactivated states. In addition, we suggest that EUG, but not LID, interacts with VGSC pre-open-closed states, according to our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Moreira-Junior
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Antonio Carlos Cassola
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joao Luis Carvalho-de-Souza
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Breslin MJ, Schubert JW, Wang D, Huang C, Clements MK, Li Y, Zhou X, Vardigan JD, Kraus RL, Santarelli VP, Uslaner JM, Coleman PJ, Stachel SJ. 2-Aminopyridines as Potent and Selective Na v1.8 Inhibitors Exhibiting Efficacy in a Nonhuman Primate Pain Model. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:917-923. [PMID: 38894930 PMCID: PMC11181479 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe the discovery of a 2-aminopyridine scaffold as a potent and isoform selective inhibitor of the Nav1.8 sodium channel. Parallel library synthesis, guided by in silico predictions, rapidly transformed initial hits into a novel 2-aminopyridine lead class possessing good ADME and pharmacokinetic profiles that were able to display activity in a clinically translatable nonhuman primate capsaicin-sensitized thermode pharmacodynamic assay. Progress toward the lead identification, optimization, and in vivo efficacy of these compounds will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Breslin
- Discovery
Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Schubert
- Discovery
Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Deping Wang
- Modeling
and Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Chienjung Huang
- Neuroscience
Biology Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Michelle K. Clements
- Neuroscience
Biology Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Yuxing Li
- Neuroscience
Biology Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- Neuroscience
Biology Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Joshua D. Vardigan
- Neuroscience
Biology Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Richard L. Kraus
- Neuroscience
Biology Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Vincent P. Santarelli
- Neuroscience
Biology Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jason M. Uslaner
- Preclinical
and Translational Medicine Discovery, Merck
& Co., Inc., 770
Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Paul J. Coleman
- Discovery
Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Shawn J. Stachel
- Discovery
Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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9
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Gutiérrez LK, Moreno-Manuel AI, Jalife J. Kir2.1-Na V1.5 channelosome and its role in arrhythmias in inheritable cardiac diseases. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:630-646. [PMID: 38244712 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death in children and young adults is a relatively rare but tragic event whose pathophysiology is unknown at the molecular level. Evidence indicates that the main cardiac sodium channel (NaV1.5) and the strong inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir2.1) physically interact and form macromolecular complexes (channelosomes) with common partners, including adapter, scaffolding, and regulatory proteins that help them traffic together to their eventual membrane microdomains. Most important, dysfunction of either or both ion channels has direct links to hereditary human diseases. For example, certain mutations in the KCNJ2 gene encoding the Kir2.1 protein result in Andersen-Tawil syndrome type 1 and alter both inward rectifier potassium and sodium inward currents. Similarly, trafficking-deficient mutations in the gene encoding the NaV1.5 protein (SCN5A) result in Brugada syndrome and may also disturb both inward rectifier potassium and sodium inward currents. Moreover, gain-of-function mutations in KCNJ2 result in short QT syndrome type 3, which is extremely rare but highly arrhythmogenic, and can modify Kir2.1-NaV1.5 interactions in a mutation-specific way, further highlighting the relevance of channelosomes in ion channel diseases. By expressing mutant proteins that interrupt or modify Kir2.1 or NaV1.5 function in animal models and patient-specific pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, investigators are defining for the first time the mechanistic framework of how mutation-induced dysregulation of the Kir2.1-NaV1.5 channelosome affects cardiac excitability, resulting in arrhythmias and sudden death in different cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian K Gutiérrez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Jalife
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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10
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Zou X, Zhang Z, Lu H, Zhao W, Pan L, Chen Y. Functional effects of drugs and toxins interacting with Na V1.4. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1378315. [PMID: 38725668 PMCID: PMC11079311 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1378315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
NaV1.4 is a voltage-gated sodium channel subtype that is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle cells. It is essential for producing action potentials and stimulating muscle contraction, and mutations in NaV1.4 can cause various muscle disorders. The discovery of the cryo-EM structure of NaV1.4 in complex with β1 has opened new possibilities for designing drugs and toxins that target NaV1.4. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of channelopathies, the binding sites and functions of chemicals including medicine and toxins that interact with NaV1.4. These substances could be considered novel candidate compounds or tools to develop more potent and selective drugs targeting NaV1.4. Therefore, studying NaV1.4 pharmacology is both theoretically and practically meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Guo Q, Fu J, Yuan L, Liao Y, Li M, Li X, Yi B, Zhang J, Gao B. Diversity analysis of sea anemone peptide toxins in different tissues of Heteractis crispa based on transcriptomics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7684. [PMID: 38561372 PMCID: PMC10985097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptide toxins found in sea anemones venom have diverse properties that make them important research subjects in the fields of pharmacology, neuroscience and biotechnology. This study used high-throughput sequencing technology to systematically analyze the venom components of the tentacles, column, and mesenterial filaments of sea anemone Heteractis crispa, revealing the diversity and complexity of sea anemone toxins in different tissues. A total of 1049 transcripts were identified and categorized into 60 families, of which 91.0% were proteins and 9.0% were peptides. Of those 1049 transcripts, 416, 291, and 307 putative proteins and peptide precursors were identified from tentacles, column, and mesenterial filaments respectively, while 428 were identified when the datasets were combined. Of these putative toxin sequences, 42 were detected in all three tissues, including 33 proteins and 9 peptides, with the majority of peptides being ShKT domain, β-defensin, and Kunitz-type. In addition, this study applied bioinformatics approaches to predict the family classification, 3D structures, and functional annotation of these representative peptides, as well as the evolutionary relationships between peptides, laying the foundation for the next step of peptide pharmacological activity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center of Human-machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jinxing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center of Human-machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center of Human-machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, 928th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Haikou, China
| | - Yanling Liao
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center of Human-machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center of Human-machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xinzhong Li
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Bo Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, 928th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Haikou, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center of Human-machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
| | - Bingmiao Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center of Human-machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
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12
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Li Z, Wu Q, Huang G, Jin X, Li J, Pan X, Yan N. Dissection of the structure-function relationship of Na v channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322899121. [PMID: 38381792 PMCID: PMC10907234 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322899121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) undergo conformational shifts in response to membrane potential changes, a mechanism known as the electromechanical coupling. To delineate the structure-function relationship of human Nav channels, we have performed systematic structural analysis using human Nav1.7 as a prototype. Guided by the structural differences between wild-type (WT) Nav1.7 and an eleven mutation-containing variant, designated Nav1.7-M11, we generated three additional intermediate mutants and solved their structures at overall resolutions of 2.9-3.4 Å. The mutant with nine-point mutations in the pore domain (PD), named Nav1.7-M9, has a reduced cavity volume and a sealed gate, with all voltage-sensing domains (VSDs) remaining up. Structural comparison of WT and Nav1.7-M9 pinpoints two residues that may be critical to the tightening of the PD. However, the variant containing these two mutations, Nav1.7-M2, or even in combination with two additional mutations in the VSDs, named Nav1.7-M4, failed to tighten the PD. Our structural analysis reveals a tendency of PD contraction correlated with the right shift of the static inactivation I-V curves. We predict that the channel in the resting state should have a "tight" PD with down VSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqiang Li
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Qiurong Wu
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Gaoxingyu Huang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou310024, China
| | - Xueqin Jin
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Jiaao Li
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Institute of Bio-Architecture and Bio-Interactions, Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Shenzhen518107, China
| | - Nieng Yan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Institute of Bio-Architecture and Bio-Interactions, Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Shenzhen518107, China
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13
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Abd-Allah WH, El-Mohsen Anwar MA, Mohammed ER, El Moghazy SM. Anticonvulsant Classes and Possible Mechanism of Actions. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4076-4092. [PMID: 37948544 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is considered one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide; it needs long-term or life-long treatment. Despite the presence of several novel antiepileptic drugs, approximately 30% patients still suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy. Subsequently, searching for new anticonvulsants with lower toxicity and better efficacy is still in paramount demand. Using target-based studies in the discovery of novel antiepileptics is uncommon owing to the insufficient information on the molecular pathway of epilepsy and complex mode of action for most of known antiepileptic drugs. In this review, we investigated the properties of anticonvulsants, types of epileptic seizures, and mechanism of action for anticonvulsants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamada Abd-Allah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Collage of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, P.O. 77, 12568 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Abd El-Mohsen Anwar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Collage of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, P.O. 77, 12568 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman R Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samir M El Moghazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Llanos MA, Enrique N, Esteban-López V, Scioli-Montoto S, Sánchez-Benito D, Ruiz ME, Milesi V, López DE, Talevi A, Martín P, Gavernet L. A Combined Ligand- and Structure-Based Virtual Screening To Identify Novel NaV1.2 Blockers: In Vitro Patch Clamp Validation and In Vivo Anticonvulsant Activity. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:7083-7096. [PMID: 37917937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs), responsible for the initiation and propagation of action potentials in neurons, play a critical role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. This study sought to discover potential anticonvulsant compounds that interact with NaVs, specifically, the brain subtype hNaV1.2. A ligand-based QSAR model and a docking model were constructed, validated, and applied in a parallel virtual screening over the DrugBank database. Montelukast, Novobiocin, and Cinnarizine were selected for in vitro testing, using the patch-clamp technique, and all of them proved to inhibit hNaV1.2 channels heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells. Two hits were evaluated in the GASH/Sal model of audiogenic seizures and demonstrated promising activity, reducing the severity of sound-induced seizures at the doses tested. The combination of ligand- and structure-based models presents a valuable approach for identifying potential NaV inhibitors. These findings may provide a basis for further research into the development of new antiseizure drugs for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Llanos
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata B1900ADU, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Enrique
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, La Plata B1900BJW, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vega Esteban-López
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Sebastian Scioli-Montoto
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata B1900ADU, Argentina
| | - David Sánchez-Benito
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - María E Ruiz
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata B1900ADU, Argentina
| | - Veronica Milesi
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, La Plata B1900BJW, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dolores E López
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Alan Talevi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata B1900ADU, Argentina
| | - Pedro Martín
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, La Plata B1900BJW, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Gavernet
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata B1900ADU, Argentina
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15
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Monroe LK, Truong DP, Miner JC, Adikari SH, Sasiene ZJ, Fenimore PW, Alexandrov B, Williams RF, Nguyen HB. Conotoxin Prediction: New Features to Increase Prediction Accuracy. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:641. [PMID: 37999504 PMCID: PMC10675404 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Conotoxins are toxic, disulfide-bond-rich peptides from cone snail venom that target a wide range of receptors and ion channels with multiple pathophysiological effects. Conotoxins have extraordinary potential for medical therapeutics that include cancer, microbial infections, epilepsy, autoimmune diseases, neurological conditions, and cardiovascular disorders. Despite the potential for these compounds in novel therapeutic treatment development, the process of identifying and characterizing the toxicities of conotoxins is difficult, costly, and time-consuming. This challenge requires a series of diverse, complex, and labor-intensive biological, toxicological, and analytical techniques for effective characterization. While recent attempts, using machine learning based solely on primary amino acid sequences to predict biological toxins (e.g., conotoxins and animal venoms), have improved toxin identification, these methods are limited due to peptide conformational flexibility and the high frequency of cysteines present in toxin sequences. This results in an enumerable set of disulfide-bridged foldamers with different conformations of the same primary amino acid sequence that affect function and toxicity levels. Consequently, a given peptide may be toxic when its cysteine residues form a particular disulfide-bond pattern, while alternative bonding patterns (isoforms) or its reduced form (free cysteines with no disulfide bridges) may have little or no toxicological effects. Similarly, the same disulfide-bond pattern may be possible for other peptide sequences and result in different conformations that all exhibit varying toxicities to the same receptor or to different receptors. We present here new features, when combined with primary sequence features to train machine learning algorithms to predict conotoxins, that significantly increase prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyman K. Monroe
- Bioscience Division, MS M888, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Duc P. Truong
- Theoretical Division, MS M888, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Jacob C. Miner
- Bioscience Division, MS M888, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Samantha H. Adikari
- Bioscience Division, MS M888, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Zachary J. Sasiene
- Bioscience Division, MS M888, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Paul W. Fenimore
- Theoretical Division, MS M888, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Boian Alexandrov
- Theoretical Division, MS M888, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Robert F. Williams
- Bioscience Division, MS M888, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Hau B. Nguyen
- Bioscience Division, MS M888, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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16
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Raisch T, Raunser S. The modes of action of ion-channel-targeting neurotoxic insecticides: lessons from structural biology. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1411-1427. [PMID: 37845413 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are indispensable tools for plant protection in modern agriculture. Despite having highly heterogeneous structures, many neurotoxic insecticides use similar principles to inhibit or deregulate neuronal ion channels. Insecticides targeting pentameric ligand-gated channels are structural mimetics of neurotransmitters or manipulate and deregulate the proteins. Those binding to (pseudo-)tetrameric voltage-gated(-like) channels, on the other hand, are natural or synthetic compounds that directly block the ion-conducting pore or prevent conformational changes in the transmembrane domain necessary for opening and closing the pore. The use of a limited number of inhibition mechanisms can be problematic when resistances arise and become more widespread. Therefore, there is a rising interest in the development of insecticides with novel mechanisms that evade resistance and are pest-insect-specific. During the last decade, most known insecticide targets, many with bound compounds, have been structurally characterized, bringing the rational design of novel classes of agrochemicals within closer reach than ever before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Raisch
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
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17
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Zidar N, Tomašič T, Kikelj D, Durcik M, Tytgat J, Peigneur S, Rogers M, Haworth A, Kirby RW. New aryl and acylsulfonamides as state-dependent inhibitors of Na v1.3 voltage-gated sodium channel. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115530. [PMID: 37329714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) play an essential role in neurotransmission, and their dysfunction is often a cause of various neurological disorders. The Nav1.3 isoform is found in the CNS and upregulated after injury in the periphery, but its role in human physiology has not yet been fully elucidated. Reports suggest that selective Nav1.3 inhibitors could be used as novel therapeutics to treat pain or neurodevelopmental disorders. Few selective inhibitors of this channel are known in the literature. In this work, we report the discovery of a new series of aryl and acylsulfonamides as state-dependent inhibitors of Nav1.3 channels. Using a ligand-based 3D similarity search and subsequent hit optimization, we identified and prepared a series of 47 novel compounds and tested them on Nav1.3, Nav1.5, and a selected subset also on Nav1.7 channels in a QPatch patch-clamp electrophysiology assay. Eight compounds had an IC50 value of less than 1 μM against the Nav1.3 channel inactivated state, with one compound displaying an IC50 value of 20 nM, whereas activity against the inactivated state of the Nav1.5 channel and Nav1.7 channel was approximately 20-fold weaker. None of the compounds showed use-dependent inhibition of the cardiac isoform Nav1.5 at a concentration of 30 μM. Further selectivity testing of the most promising hits was measured using the two-electrode voltage-clamp method against the closed state of the Nav1.1-Nav1.8 channels, and compound 15b displayed small, yet selective, effects against the Nav1.3 channel, with no activity against the other isoforms. Additional selectivity testing of promising hits against the inactivated state of the Nav1.3, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8 channels revealed several compounds with robust and selective activity against the inactivated state of the Nav1.3 channel among the three isoforms tested. Moreover, the compounds were not cytotoxic at a concentration of 50 μM, as demonstrated by the assay in human HepG2 cells (hepatocellular carcinoma cells). The novel state-dependent inhibitors of Nav1.3 discovered in this work provide a valuable tool to better evaluate this channel as a potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nace Zidar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijel Kikelj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Durcik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Tytgat
- University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Toxicology & Pharmacology, O&N2, PO Box 922, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steve Peigneur
- University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Toxicology & Pharmacology, O&N2, PO Box 922, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Rogers
- Metrion Biosciences Limited, Building 2, Granta Centre, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK
| | - Alexander Haworth
- Metrion Biosciences Limited, Building 2, Granta Centre, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK
| | - Robert W Kirby
- Metrion Biosciences Limited, Building 2, Granta Centre, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK
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18
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Pliushcheuskaya P, Künze G. Recent Advances in Computer-Aided Structure-Based Drug Design on Ion Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119226. [PMID: 37298178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels play important roles in fundamental biological processes, such as electric signaling in cells, muscle contraction, hormone secretion, and regulation of the immune response. Targeting ion channels with drugs represents a treatment option for neurological and cardiovascular diseases, muscular degradation disorders, and pathologies related to disturbed pain sensation. While there are more than 300 different ion channels in the human organism, drugs have been developed only for some of them and currently available drugs lack selectivity. Computational approaches are an indispensable tool for drug discovery and can speed up, especially, the early development stages of lead identification and optimization. The number of molecular structures of ion channels has considerably increased over the last ten years, providing new opportunities for structure-based drug development. This review summarizes important knowledge about ion channel classification, structure, mechanisms, and pathology with the main focus on recent developments in the field of computer-aided, structure-based drug design on ion channels. We highlight studies that link structural data with modeling and chemoinformatic approaches for the identification and characterization of new molecules targeting ion channels. These approaches hold great potential to advance research on ion channel drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palina Pliushcheuskaya
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Künze
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Alberini G, Alexis Paz S, Corradi B, Abrams CF, Benfenati F, Maragliano L. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ion Permeation in Human Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2953-2972. [PMID: 37116214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The recent determination of cryo-EM structures of voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels has revealed many details of these proteins. However, knowledge of ionic permeation through the Nav pore remains limited. In this work, we performed atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the structural features of various neuronal Nav channels based on homology modeling of the cryo-EM structure of the human Nav1.4 channel and, in addition, on the recently resolved configuration for Nav1.2. In particular, single Na+ permeation events during standard MD runs suggest that the ion resides in the inner part of the Nav selectivity filter (SF). On-the-fly free energy parametrization (OTFP) temperature-accelerated molecular dynamics (TAMD) was also used to calculate two-dimensional free energy surfaces (FESs) related to single/double Na+ translocation through the SF of the homology-based Nav1.2 model and the cryo-EM Nav1.2 structure, with different realizations of the DEKA filter domain. These additional simulations revealed distinct mechanisms for single and double Na+ permeation through the wild-type SF, which has a charged lysine in the DEKA ring. Moreover, the configurations of the ions in the SF corresponding to the metastable states of the FESs are specific for each SF motif. Overall, the description of these mechanisms gives us new insights into ion conduction in human Nav cryo-EM-based and cryo-EM configurations that could advance understanding of these systems and how they differ from potassium and bacterial Nav channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Alberini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Alexis Paz
- Departamento de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatrice Corradi
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Cameron F Abrams
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Maragliano
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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20
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Brackx W, de Cássia Collaço R, Theys M, Cruyssen JV, Bosmans F. Understanding the physiological role of Na V1.9: Challenges and opportunities for pain modulation. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108416. [PMID: 37061202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-activated Na+ (NaV) channels are crucial contributors to rapid electrical signaling in the human body. As such, they are among the most targeted membrane proteins by clinical therapeutics and natural toxins. Several of the nine mammalian NaV channel subtypes play a documented role in pain or other sensory processes such as itch, touch, and smell. While causal relationships between these subtypes and biological function have been extensively described, the physiological role of NaV1.9 is less understood. Yet, mutations in NaV1.9 can cause striking disease phenotypes related to sensory perception such as loss or gain of pain and chronic itch. Here, we explore our current knowledge of the mechanisms by which NaV1.9 may contribute to pain and elaborate on the challenges associated with establishing links between experimental conditions and human disease. This review also discusses the lack of comprehensive insights into NaV1.9-specific pharmacology, an unfortunate situation since modulatory compounds may have tremendous potential in the clinic to treat pain or as precision tools to examine the extent of NaV1.9 participation in sensory perception processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayra Brackx
- Molecular Physiology and Neurophysics Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rita de Cássia Collaço
- Molecular Physiology and Neurophysics Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margaux Theys
- Molecular Physiology and Neurophysics Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Vander Cruyssen
- Molecular Physiology and Neurophysics Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Bosmans
- Molecular Physiology and Neurophysics Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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21
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Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6 plays a crucial role in neuronal firing in the central nervous system (CNS). Aberrant function of Nav1.6 may lead to epilepsy and other neurological disorders. Specific inhibitors of Nav1.6 thus have therapeutic potentials. Here we present the cryo-EM structure of human Nav1.6 in the presence of auxiliary subunits β1 and fibroblast growth factor homologous factor 2B (FHF2B) at an overall resolution of 3.1 Å. The overall structure represents an inactivated state with closed pore domain (PD) and all "up" voltage-sensing domains. A conserved carbohydrate-aromatic interaction involving Trp302 and Asn326, together with the β1 subunit, stabilizes the extracellular loop in repeat I. Apart from regular lipids that are resolved in the EM map, an unprecedented Y-shaped density that belongs to an unidentified molecule binds to the PD, revealing a potential site for developing Nav1.6-specific blockers. Structural mapping of disease-related Nav1.6 mutations provides insights into their pathogenic mechanism.
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22
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Tukker AM, Vrolijk MF, van Kleef RGDM, Sijm DTHM, Westerink RHS. Mixture effects of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and drugs targeting voltage-gated sodium channels on spontaneous neuronal activity in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2023; 373:53-61. [PMID: 36375636 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) potently inhibits TTX-sensitive voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels in nerve and muscle cells, potentially resulting in depressed neurotransmission, paralysis and death from respiratory failure. Since a wide range of pharmaceutical drugs is known to also act on NaV channels, the use of medicines could predispose individuals to a higher susceptibility towards TTX toxicity. We therefore first assessed the inhibitory effect of selected medicines that act on TTX-sensitive (Riluzole, Chloroquine, Fluoxetine, Valproic acid, Lamotrigine, Lidocaine) and TTX-resistant (Carbamazepine, Mexiletine, Flecainide) NaV channels on spontaneous neuronal activity of rat primary cortical cultures grown on microelectrode arrays (MEA). After establishing concentration-effect curves, binary mixtures of the medicines with TTX at calculated NOEC, IC20 and IC50 values were used to determine if pharmacodynamic interactions occur between TTX and these drugs on spontaneous neuronal activity. At IC20 and IC50 values, all medicines significantly increased the inhibitory effect of TTX on spontaneous neuronal activity of rat cortical cells in vitro. Subsequent experiments using human iPSC-derived neuronal co-cultures grown on MEAs confirmed the ability of selected medicines (Carbamazepine, Flecainide, Riluzole, Lidocaine) to inhibit spontaneous neuronal activity. Despite the need for additional experiments using human iPSC-derived neuronal co-cultures, our combined data already highlight the importance of identifying and including vulnerable risk groups in the risk assessment of TTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke M Tukker
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Misha F Vrolijk
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Regina G D M van Kleef
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dick T H M Sijm
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Office for Risk Assessment and Research, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), 3540 AA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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23
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Calderon-Rivera A, Loya-Lopez S, Gomez K, Khanna R. Plant and fungi derived analgesic natural products targeting voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. Channels (Austin) 2022; 16:198-215. [PMID: 36017978 PMCID: PMC9423853 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2022.2103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels (VGSCs and VGCCs) play an important role in the modulation of physiologically relevant processes in excitable cells that range from action potential generation to neurotransmission. Once their expression and/or function is altered in disease, specific pharmacological approaches become necessary to mitigate the negative consequences of such dysregulation. Several classes of small molecules have been developed with demonstrated effectiveness on VGSCs and VGCCs; however, off-target effects have also been described, limiting their use and spurring efforts to find more specific and safer molecules to target these channels. There are a great number of plants and herbal preparations that have been empirically used for the treatment of diseases in which VGSCs and VGCCs are involved. Some of these natural products have progressed to clinical trials, while others are under investigation for their action mechanisms on signaling pathways, including channels. In this review, we synthesize information from ~30 compounds derived from natural sources like plants and fungi and delineate their effects on VGSCs and VGCCs in human disease, particularly pain. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Calderon-Rivera
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA,NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Santiago Loya-Lopez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA,NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA,NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA,NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA,CONTACT Rajesh Khanna
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24
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Bigsby S, Neapetung J, Campanucci VA. Voltage-gated sodium channels in diabetic sensory neuropathy: Function, modulation, and therapeutic potential. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:994585. [PMID: 36467605 PMCID: PMC9713017 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.994585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (Na V ) are the main contributors to action potential generation and essential players in establishing neuronal excitability. Na V channels have been widely studied in pain pathologies, including those that develop during diabetes. Diabetic sensory neuropathy (DSN) is one of the most common complications of the disease. DSN is the result of sensory nerve damage by the hyperglycemic state, resulting in a number of debilitating symptoms that have a significant negative impact in the quality of life of diabetic patients. Among those symptoms are tingling and numbness of hands and feet, as well as exacerbated pain responses to noxious and non-noxious stimuli. DSN is also a major contributor to the development of diabetic foot, which may lead to lower limb amputations in long-term diabetic patients. Unfortunately, current treatments fail to reverse or successfully manage DSN. In the current review we provide an updated report on Na V channels including structure/function and contribution to DSN. Furthermore, we summarize current research on the therapeutic potential of targeting Na V channels in pain pathologies, including DSN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Verónica A. Campanucci
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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25
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Xiao Z, Li Y, Zhao P, Wu X, Luo G, Peng S, Liu H, Tang C, Liu Z. Molecular mechanism of the spider toxin κ-LhTx-I acting on the bacterial voltage-gated sodium channel NaChBac. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:924661. [PMID: 35991876 PMCID: PMC9386039 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial sodium channel NaChBac is the prokaryotic prototype for the eukaryotic NaV and CaV channels, which could be used as a relatively simple model to study their structure–function relationships. However, few modulators of NaChBac have been reported thus far, and the pharmacology of NaChBac remains to be investigated. In the present study, we show that the spider toxin κ-LhTx-1, an antagonist of the KV4 family potassium channels, potently inhibits NaChBac with an IC50 of 491.0 ± 61.7 nM. Kinetics analysis revealed that κ-LhTx-1 inhibits NaChBac by impeding the voltage-sensor activation. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that phenylalanine-103 (F103) in the S3–S4 extracellular loop of NaChBac was critical for interacting with κ-LhTx-1. Molecular docking predicts the binding interface between κ-LhTx-1 and NaChBac and highlights a dominant hydrophobic interaction between W27 in κ-LhTx-1 and F103 in NaChBac that stabilizes the interface. In contrast, κ-LhTx-1 showed weak activity on the mammalian NaV channels, with 10 µM toxin slightly inhibiting the peak currents of NaV1.2–1.9 subtypes. Taken together, our study shows that κ-LhTx-1 inhibits the bacterial sodium channel, NaChBac, using a voltage-sensor trapping mechanism similar to mammalian NaV site 4 toxins. κ-LhTx-1 could be used as a ligand to study the toxin–channel interactions in the native membrane environments, given that the NaChBac structure was successfully resolved in a nanodisc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiao
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Piao Zhao
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyue Wu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuijiao Peng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongrong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng Tang, ; Zhonghua Liu,
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng Tang, ; Zhonghua Liu,
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26
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Jia L, Eroglu TE, Wilders R, Verkerk AO, Tan HL. Carbamazepine Increases the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Arrest by a Reduction of the Cardiac Sodium Current. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:891996. [PMID: 35721495 PMCID: PMC9204209 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.891996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) associated with the use of carbamazepine (CBZ) and establish the possible underlying cellular electrophysiological mechanisms. Methods: The SCA risk association with CBZ was studied in general population cohorts using a case–control design (n = 5,473 SCA cases, 21,866 non-SCA controls). Effects of 1–100 µM CBZ on action potentials (APs) and individual membrane currents were determined in isolated rabbit and human cardiomyocytes using the patch clamp technique. Results: CBZ use was associated with increased risk of SCA compared with no use (adjusted odds ratio 1.90 [95% confidence interval: 1.12–3.24]). CBZ reduced the AP upstroke velocity of rabbit and human cardiomyocytes, without prominent changes in other AP parameters. The reduction occurred at ≥30 µM and was frequency-dependent with a more pronounced reduction at high stimulus frequencies. The cardiac sodium current (INa) was reduced at ≥30 μM; this was accompanied by a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage-dependency of inactivation. The recovery from inactivation was slower, which is consistent with the more pronounced AP upstroke velocity reduction at high stimulus frequencies. The main cardiac K+ and Ca2+ currents were unaffected, except reduction of L-type Ca2+ current by 100 µM CBZ. Conclusion: CBZ use is associated with an increased risk of SCA in the general population. At concentrations of 30 µM and above, CBZ reduces AP upstroke velocity and INa in cardiomyocytes. Since the concentration of 30 µM is well within the therapeutic range (20–40 µM), we conclude that CBZ increases the risk of SCA by a reduction of the cardiac INa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Jia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Talip E. Eroglu
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Ronald Wilders
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arie O. Verkerk
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanno L. Tan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Hanno L. Tan,
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27
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Herrera-Bravo J, Farías JG, Contreras FP, Herrera-Belén L, Beltrán JF. PEP-PREDNa+: A web server for prediction of highly specific peptides targeting voltage-gated Na+ channels using machine learning techniques. Comput Biol Med 2022; 145:105414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Huang G, Liu D, Wang W, Wu Q, Chen J, Pan X, Shen H, Yan N. High-resolution structures of human Na v1.7 reveal gating modulation through α-π helical transition of S6 IV. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110735. [PMID: 35476982 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nav1.7 represents a preeminent target for next-generation analgesics for its critical role in pain sensation. Here we report a 2.2-Å resolution cryo-EM structure of wild-type (WT) Nav1.7 complexed with the β1 and β2 subunits that reveals several previously indiscernible cytosolic segments. Reprocessing of the cryo-EM data for our reported structures of Nav1.7(E406K) bound to various toxins identifies two distinct conformations of S6IV, one composed of α helical turns only and the other containing a π helical turn in the middle. The structure of ligand-free Nav1.7(E406K), determined at 3.5-Å resolution, is identical to the WT channel, confirming that binding of Huwentoxin IV or Protoxin II to VSDII allosterically induces the α → π transition of S6IV. The local secondary structural shift leads to contraction of the intracellular gate, closure of the fenestration on the interface of repeats I and IV, and rearrangement of the binding site for the fast inactivation motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxingyu Huang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China
| | - Dongliang Liu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiurong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huaizong Shen
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China.
| | - Nieng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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29
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Kong X, Li Y, Perez-Miller S, Luo G, Liao Q, Wu X, Liang S, Tang C, Khanna R, Liu Z. The small molecule compound C65780 alleviates pain by stabilizing voltage-gated sodium channels in the inactivated and slowly-recovering state. Neuropharmacology 2022; 212:109057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Borowicz-Reutt KK. Effects of Antiarrhythmic Drugs on Antiepileptic Drug Action-A Critical Review of Experimental Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052891. [PMID: 35270033 PMCID: PMC8911389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe cardiac arrhythmias developing in the course of seizures increase the risk of SUDEP (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy). Hence, epilepsy patients with pre-existing arrhythmias should receive appropriate pharmacotherapy. Concomitant treatment with antiarrhythmic and antiseizure medications creates, however, the possibility of drug–drug interactions. This is due, among other reasons, to a similar mechanism of action. Both groups of drugs inhibit the conduction of electrical impulses in excitable tissues. The aim of this review was the analysis of such interactions in animal seizure models, including the maximal electroshock (MES) test in mice, a widely accepted screening test for antiepileptic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga K Borowicz-Reutt
- Independent Unit of Experimental Neuropathophysiology, Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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31
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Lindner JS, Rajayer SR, Martiszus BJ, Smith SM. Cinacalcet inhibition of neuronal action potentials preferentially targets the fast inactivated state of voltage-gated sodium channels. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1066467. [PMID: 36601343 PMCID: PMC9806421 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1066467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) activation is essential for action potential generation in the brain. Allosteric calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) agonist, cinacalcet, strongly and ubiquitously inhibits VGSC currents in neocortical neurons via an unidentified, G-protein-dependent inhibitory molecule. Here, using whole-cell patch VGSC clamp methods, we investigated the voltage-dependence of cinacalcet-mediated inhibition of VGSCs and the channel state preference of cinacalcet. The rate of inhibition of VGSC currents was accelerated at more depolarized holding potentials. Cinacalcet shifted the voltage-dependence of both fast and slow inactivation of VGSC currents in the hyperpolarizing direction. Utilizing a simple model, the voltage-dependence of VGSC current inhibition may be explained if the affinity of the inhibitory molecule to the channel states follows the sequence: fast-inactivated > slow-inactivated > resting. The state dependence of VGSC current inhibition contributes to the non-linearity of action potential block by cinacalcet. This dynamic and abundant signaling pathway by which cinacalcet regulates VGSC currents provides an important voltage-dependent mechanism for modulating central neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S Lindner
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Salil R Rajayer
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Briana J Martiszus
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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32
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Dongol Y, Choi PM, Wilson DT, Daly NL, Cardoso FC, Lewis RJ. Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Modulation by a New Spider Toxin Ssp1a Isolated From an Australian Theraphosid. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:795455. [PMID: 35002728 PMCID: PMC8740163 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.795455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the important role of voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel-modulating spider toxins in elucidating the function, pharmacology, and mechanism of action of therapeutically relevant NaV channels, we screened the venom from Australian theraphosid species against the human pain target hNaV1.7. Using assay-guided fractionation, we isolated a 33-residue inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) peptide (Ssp1a) belonging to the NaSpTx1 family. Recombinant Ssp1a (rSsp1a) inhibited neuronal hNaV subtypes with a rank order of potency hNaV1.7 > 1.6 > 1.2 > 1.3 > 1.1. rSsp1a inhibited hNaV1.7, hNaV1.2 and hNaV1.3 without significantly altering the voltage-dependence of activation, inactivation, or delay in recovery from inactivation. However, rSsp1a demonstrated voltage-dependent inhibition at hNaV1.7 and rSsp1a-bound hNaV1.7 opened at extreme depolarizations, suggesting rSsp1a likely interacted with voltage-sensing domain II (VSD II) of hNaV1.7 to trap the channel in its resting state. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed key structural features of Ssp1a, including an amphipathic surface with hydrophobic and charged patches shown by docking studies to comprise the interacting surface. This study provides the basis for future structure-function studies to guide the development of subtype selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashad Dongol
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Phil M. Choi
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David T. Wilson
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Norelle L. Daly
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Fernanda C. Cardoso
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard J. Lewis
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Tsai SY, Huang CC, Chen PH, Tripathi A, Wang YR, Wang YL, Chen JC. Rapid Drug-Screening Platform Using Field-Effect Transistor-Based Biosensors: A Study of Extracellular Drug Effects on Transmembrane Potentials. Anal Chem 2021; 94:2679-2685. [PMID: 34919373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ion channel-modulating drugs play an important role in treating cardiovascular diseases. Facing the demands for continuous monitoring of drug effectiveness, the conventional techniques have become limited when investigating a long-term cellular physiology. To address the challenge, we propose a drug-screening platform using the stretch-out electrical double layer (EDL)-gated field-effect transistor-based biosensors (BioFETs). In this work, BioFETs were utilized to amplify electrophysiological signals from the mammalian cardiomyocytes (H9c2). The stretch-out configuration avoided a chemical corrosion on FETs and prolonged the lifetime of a BioFET system. A physical model is presented to elucidate the signal response to a drug effect on a cell. Fibronectin and gelatin were coated on sensors and served as the adhesive layers where H9c2 cells attached. BioFETs demonstrated an ability to qualitatively distinguish a depolarization and a polarization of the cytomembranes. The signal responses to the changes of transmembrane potentials were monitored in real-time, and they were highly correlated. The effects of nifedipine and calcium ions on cellular electrophysiology were examined and discussed. Due to the capability of a rapid detection, a prolonged lifetime, and an excellent sensitivity to an electrical change, a stretch-out EDL-gated BioFET can be a drug-screening platform for ion channel modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Tsai
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Po-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Adarsh Tripathi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Rong Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lin Wang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jung-Chih Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Catholic Mercy Hospital, Catholic Mercy Medical Foundation, Hsinchu 30342, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Comparative structural analysis of human Na v1.1 and Na v1.5 reveals mutational hotspots for sodium channelopathies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100066118. [PMID: 33712547 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100066118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the nine subtypes of human voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels, the brain and cardiac isoforms, Nav1.1 and Nav1.5, each carry more than 400 missense mutations respectively associated with epilepsy and cardiac disorders. High-resolution structures are required for structure-function relationship dissection of the disease variants. We report the cryo-EM structures of the full-length human Nav1.1-β4 complex at 3.3 Å resolution here and the Nav1.5-E1784K variant in the accompanying paper. Up to 341 and 261 disease-related missense mutations in Nav1.1 and Nav1.5, respectively, are resolved. Comparative structural analysis reveals several clusters of disease mutations that are common to both Nav1.1 and Nav1.5. Among these, the majority of mutations on the extracellular loops above the pore domain and the supporting segments for the selectivity filter may impair structural integrity, while those on the pore domain and the voltage-sensing domains mostly interfere with electromechanical coupling and fast inactivation. Our systematic structural delineation of these mutations provides important insight into their pathogenic mechanism, which will facilitate the development of precise therapeutic interventions against various sodium channelopathies.
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Lu Y, Zhu S, Zou Z, He Z, Yang H. [Modulatory effect of 2-arachidonoylglycerol on voltage-gated sodium currents in rat caudate nucleus neurons with kainic acid-induced injury]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1150-1157. [PMID: 34549704 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.08.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the modulatory effect of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) on voltage-gated sodium currents(VGSCs) in rat caudate nucleus (CN) neurons with kainic acid (KA)-induced injury and explore the molecular mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of 2-AG. METHODS Primary cultures of CN neurons isolated from neonatal SD rats were treated with KA, 2-AG+KA, RIM (a CB1 receptor antagonist) +2-AG+KA, or vehicle only (as control).After 7 days in primary culture, the neurons were treated with corresponding agents for 12 h (RIM and 2-AG were added at the same time; KA was added 30 min later) before recording of current density changes, current-voltage characteristics, activation and inactivation kinetics of VGSCs (INa) using whole-cell patch clamp technique. RESULTS In cultured CN neurons, KA significantly increased current density of VGSCs (P=0.009) as compared with vehicle treatment.KA also produced a hyperpolarizing shift in the activation curve of INa and significantly increased the absolute value of V1/2 for activation (P=0.008).Addition of 2-AG in the culture medium obviously prevented KA-induced increase of INa (P=0.009) and hyperpolarizing shift in the activation curve of INa, and significantly reduced the value of V1/2 for activation(P=0.009)in a CB1 receptor-dependent manner.2-AG alone did not affect the density, activation or deactivation of VGSCs in rat CN neurons. CONCLUSION In excitotoxic events, endogenous 2-AG can offer neuroprotection by modulating VGSCs in the CN neurons through a CB1 receptor-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lu
- Department of Functional Sciences, College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Institute of Brain Grand Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - S Zhu
- Department of Functional Sciences, College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Z Zou
- Department of Neurology, Changjiang Shipping General Hospital, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Z He
- Department of Functional Sciences, College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Institute of Brain Grand Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - H Yang
- Department of Functional Sciences, College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Institute of Brain Grand Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
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Chappe Y, Michel P, Joushomme A, Barbeau S, Pierredon S, Baron L, Garenne A, Poulletier De Gannes F, Hurtier A, Mayer S, Lagroye I, Quignard JF, Ducret T, Compan V, Franchet C, Percherancier Y. High-throughput screening of TRPV1 ligands in the light of the Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer technique. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:237-257. [PMID: 34127538 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are attractive drug targets for many therapeutic applications. However, high-throughput screening (HTS) of drug candidates is difficult and remains very expensive. We thus assessed the suitability of the Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) technique as a new HTS method for ion-channel studies by taking advantage of our recently characterized intra- and intermolecular BRET probes targeting the TRPV1 ion channel. These BRET probes monitor conformational changes during TRPV1 gating and subsequent coupling with Calmodulin, two molecular events that are intractable using reference techniques such as automated calcium assay (ACA) and automated patch-clamp (APC). We screened the small-sized Prestwick chemical library, encompassing 1200 compounds with high structural diversity, using either intra- and intermolecular BRET probes or ACA. Secondary screening of the detected hits was done using APC. Multiparametric analysis of our results shed light on the capability of calmodulin inhibitors included in the Prestwick library to inhibit TRPV1 activation by Capsaicin (CAPS). BRET was the lead technique for this identification process. Finally, we present data exemplifying the use of intramolecular BRET probes to study other TRPs and non-TRPs ion channels. Knowing the ease of use of BRET biosensors and the low cost of the BRET technique, these assays may advantageously be included for extending ion-channel drug screening. Significance Statement We screened a chemical library against TRPV1 ion channel using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) molecular probes, and compared the results with the ones obtained using reference techniques such as automated calcium assay and automated patch-clamp. Multiparametric analysis of our results shed light on the capability of Calmodulin antagonists to inhibit chemical activation of TRPV1, and indicates that BRET probes may advantageously be included in ion channel drug screening campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Chappe
- IMS laboratory / CNRS UMR 5218, Bordeaux University, France
| | | | | | - Solène Barbeau
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux University, France
| | - Sandra Pierredon
- CNRS UMR 5203 - INSERM U1191, Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle, France
| | | | - André Garenne
- IMS laboratory / CNRS UMR 5218, Bordeaux University, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean-François Quignard
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux University, France
| | - Thomas Ducret
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux University, France
| | - Vincent Compan
- CNRS UMR 5203 - INSERM U1191, Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle, France
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Luna C, Mizerska K, Quirce S, Belmonte C, Gallar J, Acosta MDC, Meseguer V. Sodium Channel Blockers Modulate Abnormal Activity of Regenerating Nociceptive Corneal Nerves After Surgical Lesion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:2. [PMID: 33393968 PMCID: PMC7797933 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To test the effect of different sodium channel blockers on the electrical activity of corneal nociceptors in intact and surgically injured corneas. Methods In anesthetized guinea pigs, a 4-mm diameter corneal flap was performed in one eye at a midstromal depth using a custom-made microkeratome. At different times after surgery (3 hours to 15 days), the electrical activity of corneal nociceptor fibers was recorded from ciliary nerve filaments in the superfused eye in vitro. Mechanical threshold was measured using calibrated von Frey hairs; chemical stimulation was performed applying 30-second CO2 gas pulses. The characteristics of the spontaneous and stimulus-evoked activity of corneal nociceptors recorded from intact and lesioned corneas, before and after treatment with the sodium channel blockers lidocaine, carbamazepine, and amitriptyline, were compared. Results No spontaneous or stimulus-evoked impulse activity was detected inside the flap at any of the studied time points. However, both were recorded from mechanonociceptor and polymodal nociceptors fibers in the surrounding corneal tissue, being significantly higher (sensitization) 24 to 48 hours after surgery. In these fibers, none of the tested drugs affected mechanical threshold, but they significantly reduced the CO2 response of polymodal nociceptors of intact and injured corneas. Likewise, they diminished significantly the transient increase in spontaneous and stimulus-evoked activity of sensitized polymodal nociceptors. Conclusions Na+ channel blockers decrease the excitability of intact and sensitized corneal nociceptor fibers, thus acting as potential tools to attenuate their abnormal activity, which underlies the spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia often accompanying surgical corneal lesions, as occurs after photorefractive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Luna
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Kamila Mizerska
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Susana Quirce
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Carlos Belmonte
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Juana Gallar
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Acosta
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Víctor Meseguer
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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38
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Al-Ward H, Liu CY, Liu N, Shaher F, Al-Nusaif M, Mao J, Xu H. Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel β1 Gene: An Overview. Hum Hered 2021; 85:101-109. [PMID: 34038903 DOI: 10.1159/000516388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voltage-gated sodium channels are protein complexes composed of 2 subunits, namely, pore-forming α- and regulatory β-subunits. A β-subunit consists of 5 proteins encoded by 4 genes (i.e., SCN1B-SCN4B). SUMMARY β1-Subunits regulate sodium ion channel functions, including gating properties, subcellular localization, and kinetics. Key Message: Sodium channel β1- and its variant β1B-subunits are encoded by SCN1B. These variants are associated with many human diseases, such as epilepsy, Brugada syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and cancers. On the basis of previous research, we aimed to provide an overview of the structure, expression, and involvement of SCN1B in physiological processes and focused on its role in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Al-Ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiamusi University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi, China
| | - Chun-Yang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ankang University School of Medicine, Ankang, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiamusi University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi, China
| | - Fahmi Shaher
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jiamusi University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi, China
| | - Murad Al-Nusaif
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiamusi University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiamusi University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi, China
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39
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Structural Pharmacology of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166967. [PMID: 33794261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels initiate and propagate action potentials in excitable tissues to mediate key physiological processes including heart contraction and nervous system function. Accordingly, NaV channels are major targets for drugs, toxins and disease-causing mutations. Recent breakthroughs in cryo-electron microscopy have led to the visualization of human NaV1.1, NaV1.2, NaV1.4, NaV1.5 and NaV1.7 channel subtypes at high-resolution. These landmark studies have greatly advanced our structural understanding of channel architecture, ion selectivity, voltage-sensing, electromechanical coupling, fast inactivation, and the molecular basis underlying NaV channelopathies. NaV channel structures have also been increasingly determined in complex with toxin and small molecule modulators that target either the pore module or voltage sensor domains. These structural studies have provided new insights into the mechanisms of pharmacological action and opportunities for subtype-selective NaV channel drug design. This review will highlight the structural pharmacology of human NaV channels as well as the potential use of engineered and chimeric channels in future drug discovery efforts.
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40
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Tetrodotoxin for Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Dose Finding Trial. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13040235. [PMID: 33805908 PMCID: PMC8064362 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) has emerged as a potentially efficacious agent for chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP), a prevalent, debilitating condition often resistant to analgesics. This randomized, double-blind, dose-finding study was undertaken to explore safety and trends in efficacy of four TTX doses and to identify a dose for further study. One hundred and twenty-five patients with taxane- or platinum-related CINP received subcutaneous placebo or TTX (7.5 µg twice daily (BID), 15 µg BID, 30 µg once daily (QD), 30 µg BID) for four consecutive days. Primary outcome measure was average patient-reported Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) score during Days 21–28 post-treatment. Changes in mean NPRS score were not statistically different between cohorts, due to small trial size and influence of a few robust placebo responders. Cumulative responder analysis showed significant difference from placebo with 30 µg BID cohort using the maximum response at any timepoint (p = 0.072), 5-day (p = 0.059), 10-day (p = 0.027), and 20-day (p = 0.071) rolling averages. In secondary quality of life (QOL) outcomes, 30 µg BID cohort also differed significantly from placebo in a number of SF-36 and CIPN20 subscales. Most adverse events (AE) were mild or moderate with oral paresthesia (29.6%) and oral hypoesthesia (24.8%) as most common.
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In silico development of potential therapeutic for the pain treatment by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7. Comput Biol Med 2021; 132:104346. [PMID: 33774271 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 can be considered as a promising target for the treatment of pain. This research presents conformational-independent and 3D field-based QSAR modeling for a series of aryl sulfonamide acting as Nav1.7 inhibitors. As descriptors used for building conformation-independent QSAR models, SMILES notation and local invariants of the molecular graph were used with the Monte Carlo optimization method as a model developer. Different statistical methods, including the index of ideality of correlation, were used to test the quality of the developed models, robustness and predictability and obtained results were good. Obtained results indicate that there is a very good correlation between 3D QSAR and conformation-independent models. Molecular fragments that account for the increase/decrease of a studied activity were defined and used for the computer-aided design of new compounds as potential analgesics. The final evaluation of the developed QSAR models and designed inhibitors were carried out using molecular docking studies, bringing to light an excellent correlation with the QSAR modeling results.
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42
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Fry AE, Marra C, Derrick AV, Pickrell WO, Higgins AT, Te Water Naude J, McClatchey MA, Davies SJ, Metcalfe KA, Tan HJ, Mohanraj R, Avula S, Williams D, Brady LI, Mesterman R, Tarnopolsky MA, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Wang X, Rees MI, Goldfarb M, Chung SK. Missense variants in the N-terminal domain of the A isoform of FHF2/FGF13 cause an X-linked developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:176-185. [PMID: 33245860 PMCID: PMC7820623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) are intracellular proteins which regulate voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels in the brain and other tissues. FHF dysfunction has been linked to neurological disorders including epilepsy. Here, we describe two sibling pairs and three unrelated males who presented in infancy with intractable focal seizures and severe developmental delay. Whole-exome sequencing identified hemi- and heterozygous variants in the N-terminal domain of the A isoform of FHF2 (FHF2A). The X-linked FHF2 gene (also known as FGF13) has alternative first exons which produce multiple protein isoforms that differ in their N-terminal sequence. The variants were located at highly conserved residues in the FHF2A inactivation particle that competes with the intrinsic fast inactivation mechanism of Nav channels. Functional characterization of mutant FHF2A co-expressed with wild-type Nav1.6 (SCN8A) revealed that mutant FHF2A proteins lost the ability to induce rapid-onset, long-term blockade of the channel while retaining pro-excitatory properties. These gain-of-function effects are likely to increase neuronal excitability consistent with the epileptic potential of FHF2 variants. Our findings demonstrate that FHF2 variants are a cause of infantile-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and underline the critical role of the FHF2A isoform in regulating Nav channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Fry
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK; Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Christopher Marra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of City University, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program in Biology, Graduate Center of City University, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anna V Derrick
- Neurology and Molecular Neuroscience Research, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - William O Pickrell
- Neurology and Molecular Neuroscience Research, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; Neurology department, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Hospital Health Board, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
| | - Adam T Higgins
- Neurology and Molecular Neuroscience Research, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Johann Te Water Naude
- Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Martin A McClatchey
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sally J Davies
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Kay A Metcalfe
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Hui Jeen Tan
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Rajiv Mohanraj
- Department of Neurology, Salford Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Shivaram Avula
- Department of Radiology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK
| | - Denise Williams
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Lauren I Brady
- Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Ronit Mesterman
- Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | | | - Mark I Rees
- Neurology and Molecular Neuroscience Research, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mitchell Goldfarb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of City University, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program in Biology, Graduate Center of City University, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Seo-Kyung Chung
- Neurology and Molecular Neuroscience Research, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research, Children Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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Analgesic Effects of Topical Amitriptyline in Patients With Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Mechanistic Insights From Studies in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2020; 22:440-453. [PMID: 33227509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral amitriptyline hydrochloride (amitriptyline) is ineffective against some forms of chronic pain and is often associated with dose-limiting adverse events. We evaluated the potential effectiveness of high-dose topical amitriptyline in a preliminary case series of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy patients and investigated whether local or systemic adverse events associated with the use of amitriptyline were present in these patients. We also investigated the mechanism of action of topically administered amitriptyline in mice. Our case series suggested that topical 10% amitriptyline treatment was associated with pain relief in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy patients, without the side effects associated with systemic absorption. Topical amitriptyline significantly increased mechanical withdrawal thresholds when applied to the hind paw of mice, and inhibited the firing responses of C-, Aβ- and Aδ-type peripheral nerve fibers in ex vivo skin-saphenous nerve preparations. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings on cultured sensory neurons revealed that amitriptyline was a potent inhibitor of the main voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9) found in nociceptors. Calcium imaging showed that amitriptyline activated the transient receptor potential cation channel, TRPA1. Our case series indicated that high-dose 10% topical amitriptyline could alleviate neuropathic pain without adverse local or systemic effects. This analgesic action appeared to be mediated through local inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels. PERSPECTIVE: Our preliminary case series suggested that topical amitriptyline could provide effective pain relief for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy patients without any systemic or local adverse events. Investigation of the mechanism of this analgesic action in mice revealed that this activity was mediated through local inhibition of nociceptor Nav channels.
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Sait LG, Sula A, Ghovanloo MR, Hollingworth D, Ruben PC, Wallace BA. Cannabidiol interactions with voltage-gated sodium channels. eLife 2020; 9:58593. [PMID: 33089780 PMCID: PMC7641581 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels are targets for a range of pharmaceutical drugs developed for the treatment of neurological diseases. Cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychoactive compound isolated from cannabis plants, was recently approved for treatment of two types of epilepsy associated with sodium channel mutations. This study used high-resolution X-ray crystallography to demonstrate the detailed nature of the interactions between CBD and the NavMs voltage-gated sodium channel, and electrophysiology to show the functional effects of binding CBD to these channels. CBD binds at a novel site at the interface of the fenestrations and the central hydrophobic cavity of the channel. Binding at this site blocks the transmembrane-spanning sodium ion translocation pathway, providing a molecular mechanism for channel inhibition. Modelling studies suggest why the closely-related psychoactive compound tetrahydrocannabinol may not have the same effects on these channels. Finally, comparisons are made with the TRPV2 channel, also recently proposed as a target site for CBD. In summary, this study provides novel insight into a possible mechanism for CBD interactions with sodium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Goodyer Sait
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Altin Sula
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad-Reza Ghovanloo
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - David Hollingworth
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C Ruben
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - B A Wallace
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Gallo A, Boni R, Tosti E. Neurobiological activity of conotoxins via sodium channel modulation. Toxicon 2020; 187:47-56. [PMID: 32877656 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Conotoxins (CnTX) are bioactive peptides produced by marine molluscs belonging to Conus genus. The biochemical structure of these venomous peptides is characterized by a low number of amino acids linked with disulfide bonds formed by a high degree of post-translational modifications and glycosylation steps which increase the diversity and rate of evolution of these molecules. CnTX different isoforms are known to target ion channels and, in particular, voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channels (Nav channels). These are transmembrane proteins fundamental in excitable cells for generating the depolarization of plasma membrane potential known as action potential which propagates electrical signals in muscles and nerves for physiological functions. Disorders in Nav channel activity have been shown to induce neurological pathologies and pain states. Here, we describe the current knowledge of CnTX isoform modulation of the Nav channel activity, the mechanism of action and the potential therapeutic use of these toxins in counteracting neurological dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffele Boni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Tosti
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
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Chemometric Models of Differential Amino Acids at the Na vα and Na vβ Interface of Mammalian Sodium Channel Isoforms. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153551. [PMID: 32756517 PMCID: PMC7435598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) are integral membrane proteins that allow the sodium ion flux into the excitable cells and initiate the action potential. They comprise an α (Navα) subunit that forms the channel pore and are coupled to one or more auxiliary β (Navβ) subunits that modulate the gating to a variable extent. (2) Methods: after performing homology in silico modeling for all nine isoforms (Nav1.1α to Nav1.9α), the Navα and Navβ protein-protein interaction (PPI) was analyzed chemometrically based on the primary and secondary structures as well as topological or spatial mapping. (3) Results: our findings reveal a unique isoform-specific correspondence between certain segments of the extracellular loops of the Navα subunits. Precisely, loop S5 in domain I forms part of the PPI and assists Navβ1 or Navβ3 on all nine mammalian isoforms. The implied molecular movements resemble macroscopic springs, all of which explains published voltage sensor effects on sodium channel fast inactivation in gating. (4) Conclusions: currently, the specific functions exerted by the Navβ1 or Navβ3 subunits on the modulation of Navα gating remain unknown. Our work determined functional interaction in the extracellular domains on theoretical grounds and we propose a schematic model of the gating mechanism of fast channel sodium current inactivation by educated guessing.
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Pagliusi M, Bonet IJM, Lemes JBP, Oliveira ALL, Carvalho NS, Tambeli CH, Parada CA, Sartori CR. Social defeat stress-induced hyperalgesia is mediated by nav 1.8 + nociceptive fibers. Neurosci Lett 2020; 729:135006. [PMID: 32387758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently the voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels began to be studied as possible targets for analgesic drugs. In addition, specific Nav 1.8 blockers are currently being used to treat some types of chronic pain pathologies such as neuropathies and fibromyalgia. Nav 1.8+ fibers convey nociceptive information to brain structures belonging to the limbic system, which is involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorders. From this, using a model of chronic social defeat stress (SDS) and intrathecal injections of Nav 1.8 antisense, this study investigated the possible involvement of Nav 1.8+ nociceptive fibers in SDS- induced hyperalgesia in C57/BL mice. Our results showed that SDS induced a depressive-like behavior of social avoidance and increased the sensitivity to mechanical (electronic von Frey test) and chemical (capsaicin test) nociceptive stimuli. We also showed that intrathecal injection of Nav 1.8 antisense reversed the SDS-induced hyperalgesia as demonstrated by both, mechanical and chemical nociceptive tests. We confirmed the antisense efficacy and specificity in a separate no-defeated cohort through real-time PCR, which showed a significant reduction of Nav 1.8 mRNA and no reduction of Nav 1.7 and Nav 1.9 in the L4, L5 and L6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The present study advances the understanding of SDS-induced hyperalgesia, which seems to be dependent on Nav 1.8+ nociceptive fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pagliusi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Box 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Ivan José Magayewski Bonet
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, Box 0440 S709, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Júlia Borges Paes Lemes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Box 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Anna Lethicia Lima Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Box 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Santos Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Box 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Claudia Herrera Tambeli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Box 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Box 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Cesar Renato Sartori
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Box 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-865, Brazil.
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Repurposing the Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Inhibitor Nicardipine as a Na v1.8 Inhibitor In Vivo for Pitt Hopkins Syndrome. Pharm Res 2020; 37:127. [PMID: 32529312 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals with the rare genetic disorder Pitt Hopkins Syndrome (PTHS) do not have sufficient expression of the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) which is located on chromosome 18. TCF4 is a basic helix-loop-helix E protein that is critical for the normal development of the nervous system and the brain in humans. PTHS patients lacking sufficient TCF4 frequently display gastrointestinal issues, intellectual disability and breathing problems. PTHS patients also commonly do not speak and display distinctive facial features and seizures. Recent research has proposed that decreased TCF4 expression can lead to the increased translation of the sodium channel Nav1.8. This in turn results in increased after-hyperpolarization as well as altered firing properties. We have recently identified through a drug repurposing screen an FDA approved dihydropyridine calcium antagonist nicardipine used to treat angina, which inhibited Nav1.8. METHODS We have now performed behavioral testing in groups of 10 male Tcf4(± ) PTHS mice dosing by oral gavage at 3 mg/kg once a day for 3 weeks using standard methods to assess sociability, nesting, fear conditioning, self-grooming, open field and test of force. RESULTS Nicardipine returned this spectrum of behavioral deficits in the Tcf4(± ) PTHS mouse model to WT levels and resulted in statistically significant results. CONCLUSIONS These in vivo results in the well characterized Tcf4(± ) PTHS mice may suggest the potential to test this already approved drug further in a clinical study with PTHS patients or suggest the potential for use off label under compassionate use with their physician.
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Employing NaChBac for cryo-EM analysis of toxin action on voltage-gated Na + channels in nanodisc. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14187-14193. [PMID: 32513729 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922903117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NaChBac, the first bacterial voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channel to be characterized, has been the prokaryotic prototype for studying the structure-function relationship of Nav channels. Discovered nearly two decades ago, the structure of NaChBac has not been determined. Here we present the single particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) analysis of NaChBac in both detergent micelles and nanodiscs. Under both conditions, the conformation of NaChBac is nearly identical to that of the potentially inactivated NavAb. Determining the structure of NaChBac in nanodiscs enabled us to examine gating modifier toxins (GMTs) of Nav channels in lipid bilayers. To study GMTs in mammalian Nav channels, we generated a chimera in which the extracellular fragment of the S3 and S4 segments in the second voltage-sensing domain from Nav1.7 replaced the corresponding sequence in NaChBac. Cryo-EM structures of the nanodisc-embedded chimera alone and in complex with HuwenToxin IV (HWTX-IV) were determined to 3.5 and 3.2 Å resolutions, respectively. Compared to the structure of HWTX-IV-bound human Nav1.7, which was obtained at an overall resolution of 3.2 Å, the local resolution of the toxin has been improved from ∼6 to ∼4 Å. This resolution enabled visualization of toxin docking. NaChBac can thus serve as a convenient surrogate for structural studies of the interactions between GMTs and Nav channels in a membrane environment.
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50
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Pan Y, Xiao Y, Pei Z, Cummins TR. S-Palmitoylation of the sodium channel Nav1.6 regulates its activity and neuronal excitability. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6151-6164. [PMID: 32161114 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational lipid modification that dynamically regulates protein functions. Voltage-gated sodium channels are subjected to S-palmitoylation and exhibit altered functions in different S-palmitoylation states. Our aim was to investigate whether and how S-palmitoylation regulates Nav1.6 channel function and to identify S-palmitoylation sites that can potentially be pharmacologically targeted. Acyl-biotin exchange assay showed that Nav1.6 is modified by S-palmitoylation in the mouse brain and in a Nav1.6 stable HEK 293 cell line. Using whole-cell voltage clamp, we discovered that enhancing S-palmitoylation with palmitic acid increases Nav1.6 current, whereas blocking S-palmitoylation with 2-bromopalmitate reduces Nav1.6 current and shifts the steady-state inactivation in the hyperpolarizing direction. Three S-palmitoylation sites (Cys1169, Cys1170, and Cys1978) were identified. These sites differentially modulate distinct Nav1.6 properties. Interestingly, Cys1978 is exclusive to Nav1.6 among all Nav isoforms and is evolutionally conserved in Nav1.6 among most species. Cys1978 S-palmitoylation regulates current amplitude uniquely in Nav1.6. Furthermore, we showed that eliminating S-palmitoylation at specific sites alters Nav1.6-mediated excitability in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Therefore, our study reveals S-palmitoylation as a potential isoform-specific mechanism to modulate Nav activity and neuronal excitability in physiological and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Pan
- Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Yucheng Xiao
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Zifan Pei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Theodore R Cummins
- Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.
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