Job satisfaction and stress among healthcare workers in public hospitals in Qatar

Prevalence of sickness presenteeism and associated factors among primary school teachers in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia

Background

Sickness presenteeism, the phenomenon of people going to work despite being ill, is an occupational and psychosocial condition that hurts both the health of workers and organizational productivity. It negatively affects health, increases health-related costs, and the risk of contagious diseases. Primary school teachers are particularly vulnerable to this problem, although little is known about its scope and associated factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with sickness presenteeism among school teachers in Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed and the study period was from April 18 to May 18, 2023. A sample of 633 primary school teachers was recruited using two-stage stratified random sampling. Data were collected using structured self-administered questionnaires. Epi-data version 4.6 and STATA version 14 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was used. A multivariable logistic regression model with an adjusted odds ratio was fitted for statistical significance.

Results

A total of 603 school teachers participated in this study, with a response rate of 95.26%. The overall prevalence of sickness presenteeism in the last 12 months was 54.7% (N = 330) [95% CI (50.9, 58.7)]. Private school teachers [AOR: 2.21, 95% CI (1.14, 4.28)], low supervisor support [AOR: 1.53, 95% CI (1.06, 2.20)], lack of staff replacement availability [AOR: 2.74, 95% CI (1.85, 4.06)], low colleague support [AOR: 2.17, 95% CI (1.40, 3.37)], unsuitable household conditions [AOR: 1.49, 95% CI (1.08, 2.34)], and strict attendance control [AOR: 2.54, 95% CI (1.67, 3.85)] were factors significantly associated with sickness presenteeism.

Conclusion

The prevalence of sickness presenteeism was relatively high among primary school teachers because of factors such as low support from supervisors and colleagues, strict attendance control, lack of staff replacement, unsuitable household conditions, and private school type. Strategies to promote teachers' health include fostering a culture of support and collaboration among colleagues, recruiting adequate staff, and implementing liberal attendance policies.

Job Satisfaction and Associated Factors Among Primary Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study From Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Background The healthcare sector is one of the most important sectors in any country. Any disruption in the productivity of the workforce majorly affects healthcare entities. Job satisfaction directly interferes with the individual's productivity. Hence, the job satisfaction of healthcare workers (HCWs) is a fundamental issue to discuss, investigate, and study to improve the outputs to their maximal levels, especially if limited studies are done in this regard. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional, facility-based study was conducted among 302 HCWs in 30 primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, using a pretested, validated, electronically self-administered "Satisfaction of Employees in Health Care" (SEHC) questionnaire. Our sample included physicians, nurses, pharmacists, dental workers, and lab and radiology technicians. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The mean score of the overall perception of job satisfaction in primary healthcare staff was 3.9 (±1.01) out of one to five scale questions. This implies a high satisfaction in 71.2% (n = 215) of the sample. Nurses expressed the highest satisfaction with their roles, comprising 26.5% (n = 80) who reported high satisfaction. Second in line were physicians, demonstrating high satisfaction levels with 14.2% (n = 43). The third place was for lab technicians, 4.6% (n = 14) of whom expressed high satisfaction. Many factors were found to be significantly statistically associated with job satisfaction, including gender (p = 0.015), age (p = 0.001), job rank (p = 0.027), number of patients seen per day (p = 0.002), type of primary healthcare duty (p = 0.042), and health workers' years of experience (p = 0.000). Conclusion The study revealed that HCWs at primary healthcare facilities in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, were highly satisfied with their jobs. Significant statistical relationships were found between job satisfaction and factors such as years of experience, type of duty in PHCCs, and number of attendees per day. To improve HCWs' job satisfaction, we recommend that they receive additional organizational support and response to feedback, a reduced workload achieved through increased staffing, and flexible work shifts. We also recommend investigating satisfaction in the private healthcare sector.

Moderator role of Type D personality traits between depressive symptoms and job satisfaction among teachers

Background

Type D personality is characterized by negative affect (NA) and social suppression (SI). It has been indicated Type D personality is associated with depression, anxiety, and burnout. Depressive complaints and social inhibition negatively affect job satisfaction. The aim of this study is to investigate the moderating role of Type D personality structure between the severity of depressive complaints and job satisfaction in teachers.

Methods

939 teachers, who constitute the sample of the study, completed the sociodemographic form, Type D personality scale (DS-14), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Minnesota Satisfaction Scale Short Form with an online survey.

Results

While a negative relationship was found between teachers' NA scores and their intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction (r = -0.28 and r = -0.19, respectively), a negative relationship was detected between SI scores and intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction (r = -0.22 and r = -0.21, respectively). NA and SI had partial moderating roles in the relationship between BDI score and intrinsic job satisfaction. SI played a partial moderating role in the relationship between BDI and extrinsic job satisfaction.

Conclusion

It can be said Type D personality traits has a moderating role between the severity of teachers' depressive complaints and job satisfaction.

The moderating role of paternalistic leadership in the relationship between job satisfaction and job stress among health workers in Gaziantep, Turkey

BACKGROUND

Adopting an effective leadership style is of critical importance in increasing healthcare efficiency and therefore determining patient satisfaction. For example, although there are many new and effective leadership types today, the paternalistic leadership approach can still play an effective role in developing countries.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to examine the moderating role of paternalistic leadership in the relationship between job satisfaction and job stress.

METHODS

A total of 466 healthcare workers completed measures of perceived paternalistic leadership, job stress, and job satisfaction. The research was conducted in the center of Gaziantep, one of the largest cities in Turkey. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the moderate variable. Dawson slope were used to visualize the results.

RESULTS

A negative relationship was found between job satisfaction and job stress. Additionally, it has been determined that the perception of paternalistic leadership has a moderating role. It has been observed that as the perception of paternalistic leadership increases, the negative relationship between job satisfaction and job stress decreases.

CONCLUSION

It has been concluded that the paternalistic leadership approach can play a critical role in increasing the productivity of healthcare workers and reducing the negative effect of stress on satisfaction. It has been suggested that policies be developed to develop appropriate strategies for creating work environments that will increase employees' perceptions of paternalistic leadership.

Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Physiotherapists Working in High Morbidity Departments: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose

This study's objective was to measure secondary traumatic stress disorder among Saudi Arabian physiotherapists employed in the critical care, neurology, cardiology, pulmonology, and mental health fields. Also, to identify the factors related to secondary traumatic stress.

Methods

Between July 2021 and June 2022, a cross-sectional study involving physiotherapists from the critical care, emergency, neurology, cardiology, pulmonology, and mental health departments was carried out. Data were collected from the participants by using the validated Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS). Appropriate Statistical analysis (bivariate and multivariate) was carried using SPSS 21.0 software to analyse the data.

Results

We quantified the prevalence of secondary traumatic stress, among 201 healthcare professionals (physiotherapists) in total were assessed; of them, 23.4% worked in the medical/surgical and neurosurgical departments and 5% in the critical care and emergency departments. Twenty-four percent of the participants slept less than five hours each day, and 26.4% worked more than 45 hours per week. Our study subjects had mild STS in 25.4% of cases, moderate stress in 15.9%, high STS in 15.9% and severe STS in 30.9% of cases. The intrusion score (mean = 11.65), avoidance score (mean = 5.5), arousal score (mean = 4.1) and total mean score of 42.50 of the STSS were significantly different across the age groups, marital status and years of experience of study participants. The regression analysis shows age groups and severe stress were independently related to the total STS scores.

Conclusion

The study has found out higher level of STS among physiotherapists which highlights the necessity for a variety of interventional programs to be implemented in hospital settings in order to enhance communication abilities, lessen emotional discomfort, and apply relaxing techniques.

The Influence of Physical Activities on Job Satisfaction: Mediating Role of Self-efficacy, Self-esteem and Moderating Role of Stress Management

Objectives: Job satisfaction has been an essential element for the success of any organization, which has drawn the attention of several recent studies and policymakers. The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of physical activities, self-efficacy and self-esteem on job satisfaction in manufacturing companies in Vietnam. The mediating impact of self-efficacy and self-esteem among physical activities and job satisfaction was also investigated. As a novel element, the study also examined the moderating impact of stress management among physical activities and job satisfaction in manufacturing companies in Vietnam. Methods: The study used survey questionnaires to gather the primary data from the selected employees of leading manufacturing companies of Vietnam. Using the PLS-SEM and Smart-PLS packages, the study analyzed the linkages among all variables. Results: The results revealed that physical activities, self-efficacy and self-esteem have a positive linkage with job satisfaction in manufacturing companies in Vietnam. The findings also exposed that self-efficacy and self-esteem significantly mediate among physical activities and job satisfaction. Conclusion: The findings also expressed that stress management significantly moderated between physical activities and job satisfaction. These findings will provide useful guidance and assistance to the strategists and policy makers to design policies related to job satisfaction using self-efficacy, stress management and self-esteem.

The Beneficial Effects of Professional Identity: The Mediating Role of Teaching Identification in the Relationship between Role Stress and Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic

At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers and students rapidly transitioned to remote teaching and learning. In South Africa, this initial transition was followed by periods of reopening and closing of schools during the various waves of the pandemic. When schools were reopened, rotational schooling was implemented, with students attending in shifts. All this change created a climate of uncertainty for teachers. The current study investigates the relationship between role stress and indices of psychological distress, as well as the potential mediating role of teaching identification in this relationship, using a cross-sectional survey design. Participants (n = 355) were school teachers in South Africa who completed the Role Stress Questionnaire, the Professional Identification Scale, the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale during the second wave of the pandemic (May-July 2021). The results of a structural equation analysis indicate significant positive direct effects of role conflict and ambiguity on anxiety and hopelessness, as well as significant negative direct effects of teaching identification on anxiety and hopelessness. In addition, teaching identification was found to mediate the effect of role conflict and ambiguity on anxiety and hopelessness. The demonstrated role of teaching identification has implications that suggest the importance of leadership and supervisory support, as well as enhancing the societal value of teaching as a profession.

Validity and Reliability of Cultural Mix Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations among Healthcare Professionals in Ghana Amidst COVID-19

The Cultural Mix Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations is one of the recent coping measures developed to overcome the weaknesses of existing coping scales. Since its development and validation, the inventory has been used by previous studies to measure coping among teachers and students in stressful situations. Health professionals are workers who typically encounter stressful situations due to their work demands. In this study, we assessed the validity and reliability of cultural mix inventory for stressful situations among healthcare professionals in Ghana. The research was guided by three major objectives: (1) to assess the factor structure of the cultural mix coping inventory, (2) to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the cultural mix coping inventory based on internal structure and (3) to test for evidence of criterion validity based on the external structure of the measure. Approximately 312 health workers were purposefully sampled to participate in the study. The study confirmed the original four-factor solution of the coping inventory with evidence of the construct validity based on the internal structure. Validity evidence based on the external structure of the measure was found to be sufficient. Given the COVID-19 pandemic and coupled with the stressful nature in the line of duty of healthcare professionals, this inventory provides a useful and sound measure of coping options among this cohort.

Impact of Job Satisfaction and Social Support on Job Performance Among Primary Care Providers in Northeast China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background

Primary health care institutions face major challenges in maintaining the accessibility and affordability of health services. This requires primary care providers to change and improve their performance. Therefore, Study on the job performance is conducive to improve the quality of primary health care services and the sense of access of primary care providers.To understand the current status of job performance among primary care providers in Heilongjiang Province, China, and explore the impact of job satisfaction and social support on job performance, further to improve the job performance of primary care providers and ensure the stable development of primary health services.

Methods

A stratified sampling method was adopted to select 1,500 primary care providers from seven cities in Heilongjiang Province, China, using the gross domestic product development level of each city as a basis. A questionnaire survey was conducted (effective response rate was 85.8%) by using sociodemographic factors, job satisfaction scale, social support scale and job performance scale. One-way ANOVA or independent sample t-test was used to analyze the differences of demographic factors on job performance. Pearson correlation analysis was used to measure relationship between job satisfaction, social support and job performance. Hierarchical linear regression was used to analyze the relevant influencing factors associated with job performance among primary care providers.

Results

Among the primary care providers who participated in this survey, the mean job performance score was 22.189 (SD = 7.695). The job performance of primary care providers was positively correlated with job satisfaction (r=0.574, p < 0.001), and was also positively correlated with social support (r = 0.534, p < 0.001). Model 3 showed that job satisfaction (β = 0.299, p < 0.001) and social support (β = 0.149, p <0.001) are positive predictors of job performance, respectively. Moreover, the regression relationship explained that 37.6% for the variation of the dependent variable.

Conclusions

The job performance of primary care providers in Heilongjiang province is relatively low. Job satisfaction and social support are the relevant factors affecting the job performance of primary care providers. It is necessary to provide assistance to primary care providers in terms of family, organization, society, policy, etc., to improve their job performance, and to better provide high-quality health services to the grassroots.

Perceived Vulnerability to Disease and the Relationship with Teacher Satisfaction in South Africa during COVID-19: The Serial Role of Burnout, Role Conflict, and Ambiguity

Teachers' work roles and responsibilities have changed dramatically because of the COVID-19 pandemic. These unprecedented changes have the potential to generate role stress and burnout and reduce teachers' job satisfaction. This study investigated the serial relationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, role stress, burnout, and teaching satisfaction. It was hypothesised that individuals who perceive themselves to be at high risk of contracting COVID-19 would report high role conflict and ambiguity in the workplace, which would in turn lead to high levels of burnout and low satisfaction with teaching. Participants were schoolteachers (N = 355) who completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire, the Role Orientation Questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Teaching Satisfaction Scale. Path analysis confirmed that perceived vulnerability to disease was associated with role conflict and ambiguity, which was in turn associated with emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and low teaching satisfaction. Teachers who appraised themselves as being more vulnerable to contracting COVID-19 experienced greater role stress, which was associated with high levels of burnout and low teaching satisfaction. This study highlights that threat appraisals related to contracting COVID-19 represent an additional job demand and this needs to be matched by job resources that can facilitate coping.

Job stress and satisfaction in southwest Chinese hospitals: A cross-sectional study

This paper discusses the job characteristics, satisfaction, and stress levels experienced by clinical neurologists in Guizhou Province, China.A questionnaire survey was conducted associated with the 2021 Annual Meeting of Neurology in Guizhou province. After obtaining ethical approval to conduct the study, the target group was asked to complete an anonymous online survey that included sociodemographic data, followed by questions related to job stress and satisfaction as well as future aspirations.Four hundred sixty people participated in the study, including 179 (38.9%) men and 281 (61.1%) women. About 407 (88.5%) felt stress in their job. Three hundred and seventeen (68.9%) experienced depression, 307 (66.7%) experienced anxiety, and 273 (59.3%) had some degree of sleep disturbance. Three hundred fifty-three (76.7%) were disappointed with their wages, 239 (52.0%) were bored with their jobs, and 353 (76.7%) considered their jobs to be somewhat dangerous. Interestingly, 250 (54.3%) would consider becoming doctors again, but 354 (77.0%) preferred their child not to become doctors. While 338 (73.5%) said they were proud to be a neurologist, only 123 (26.7%) indicated they were optimistic concerning doctor-patient relationships.Neurologists have significant emotional factors associated with their careers, which are more likely to lead to job burnout and decreased job satisfaction. Attention should be paid to these stresses to improve the retention and job satisfaction of neurologists.

Relationships between Occupational Stress, Change in Work Environment during the COVID-19 Pandemic, and Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms among Non-Healthcare Workers in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study aims to clarify the effect of occupational stress and changes in the work environment on non-healthcare workers’ (HCWs) mental health during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. A web-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted from 16 to 17 December 2020. Data from 807 non-HCWs were included. We evaluated occupational stress using the Generic Job Stress Questionnaire (GJSQ). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Japanese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, respectively. We collected demographic variables, work-related variables, and the variables associated with COVID-19. The adjusted odds ratios for depressive and anxiety groups were estimated using multivariate logistic regression analyses, adjusted for all the demographic variables, work-related variables, COVID-19-related variables, and the six subdivided GJSQ subscales. The results confirm a relationship between variance in workload, job future ambiguity, social support from coworkers, having contact with COVID-19 patients, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Paying attention to job future ambiguity, the variance in workload at the workplace and individual perspectives, promoting contact and support among coworkers using online communication tools, and reducing contact with COVID-19 patients, will be useful for decreasing the depressive and anxiety symptoms among non-HCWs.

Healthcare Professionals' Attitudes Toward Patients With Mental Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study in Qatar

BACKGROUND

Negative attitudes toward mental illness by Health Care Professionals (HCP) have been reported in many countries across the world. Stigmatizing attitudes by HCP can have adverse consequences on people with mental illness from delays in seeking help to decreased quality of care provided. Assessing such attitudes is an essential step in understanding such stigma and, if needed, developing and testing appropriate and culturally adapted interventions to reduce it.

AIMS

To assess physicians and nurses attitudes toward mental illness and to determine associated factors with different levels of stigma.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Physicians and Nurses. The Mental Illness Clinician's Attitudes (MICA) scale was used to assess attitudes toward mental illness. MICA scores range between 1 and 6 with higher values indicating higher stigmatizing attitudes. Demographic and work related information were also gathered. Descriptive statistics along with multivariate linear and multivariate logistic regression models were used.

RESULTS

A total of 406 nurses and 92 doctors participated in the study. The nurses' mean MICA score was significantly higher than that of the physicians. Among nurses, being Asian and working in a geriatric, rehabilitation and long-term care facility were associated with lower MICA scores. Among physicians, being female or graduating more than 1 year ago were also associated with lower MICA scores.

CONCLUSION

Stigmatizing attitudes toward people with mental illness by healthcare workers are present in Qatar. They are higher among nurses as compared to physicians. Factors associated with higher stigmatizing attitudes could be used in creating appropriate intervention to reduce the magnitude of the problem.

Predictors of stress and associated factors among healthcare workers in Western Ghana

Healthcare professionals are the most vulnerable to stress among all occupational groups due to the nature of their work environment. The aim of this study is to determine the level of stress and associated factors among healthcare workers in Western Ghana. The study employed a cross-sectional design with self-administered questionnaires. The results show that 69.5% of the respondents were stressed. Prevalence of stress was higher among female respondents than males. We found that 40.4 % of respondents intend to change work as a result of stress faced at their work places. Respondents aged 56≥ were more (3.16) likely to be stressed than those in the other age groups. We found a significant association between age, marital status, workload and educational background and stress levels among the respondents. The management of these healthcare institutions and their stakeholders must adopt strategies to help health workers cope with the stress they encounter.

Prioritizing the Mental Health and Well-Being of Healthcare Workers: An Urgent Global Public Health Priority

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on health systems in most countries, and in particular, on the mental health and well-being of health workers on the frontlines of pandemic response efforts. The purpose of this article is to provide an evidence-based overview of the adverse mental health impacts on healthcare workers during times of crisis and other challenging working conditions and to highlight the importance of prioritizing and protecting the mental health and well-being of the healthcare workforce, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. First, we provide a broad overview of the elevated risk of stress, burnout, moral injury, depression, trauma, and other mental health challenges among healthcare workers. Second, we consider how public health emergencies exacerbate these concerns, as reflected in emerging research on the negative mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers. Further, we consider potential approaches for overcoming these threats to mental health by exploring the value of practicing self-care strategies, and implementing evidence based interventions and organizational measures to help protect and support the mental health and well-being of the healthcare workforce. Lastly, we highlight systemic changes to empower healthcare workers and protect their mental health and well-being in the long run, and propose policy recommendations to guide healthcare leaders and health systems in this endeavor. This paper acknowledges the stressors, burdens, and psychological needs of the healthcare workforce across health systems and disciplines, and calls for renewed efforts to mitigate these challenges among those working on the frontlines during public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Moderating Role of Violence by Patients and Their Relatives on the Behaviors of Healthcare Professionals

Objective

Studies examining violent behaviors occurring in health settings emphasize direct effects of the variables, and the findings are collected in a limited area. This study aimed to investigate the role of the moderator in the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and job satisfaction in the setting of violent behavior by the patients and their relatives toward healthcare professionals.

Methods

Research data were collected by face-to-face questionnaire method by interviewing the participants. The study included 512 healthcare workers, physicians, nurses, midwives, and health technicians, working in different units of 13 public hospitals in Ankara and providing health services directly to the patients.

Results

According to the results of the regression analysis, a significant and direct effect of the general level of OCB that predicts the general level of job satisfaction has emerged (β = 0.284, t = 6.68, P < .001). It has been determined that violent behaviors toward healthcare professionals explain approximately 12.5% of the variance with its differentiating role reducing this effect (R2 = 0.125, F = 25.30, P = .001).

Conclusion

This study showed that the positive contribution of OCB to job satisfaction is higher in healthcare workers who are not exposed to violent behavior. The results of this study also revealed that the relationship between variables regarding the attitudes and behaviors of healthcare professionals may differ owing to the violence perpetrated by the patients and their relatives.

Psychological distress symptoms among healthcare professionals are significantly influenced by psychosocial work context, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional analysis

Background

Work-related psychosocial hazards result in numerous adverse effects on physical and psychological health, a reduction in quality of life and a decline in performance capacity to workers. While the condition is widespread across various occupations, healthcare sectors are acknowledged to be at high risk. In developing countries such as Ethiopia, however, the lack of reliable data on psychosocial hazards including psychological distress (PD) often hampers officials from planning for preventive actions. This study assessed the magnitude and influencing factors of PD among healthcare professionals in Gondar city, Ethiopia.

Methods

We employed a cross-sectional survey of 422 healthcare professionals selected with a stratified random sampling technique between April and March 2019. The symptoms of psychological distress were assessed with a standardized 10 items Kessler Psychological Distress Scale instrument. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted by use of SPSS program version 20. Factors associated with psychological distress symptoms were ascertained at < 0.05 p-value. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% was used to determine the strength of associations.

Results

In total, 417questionnaires fully completed and returned with a response rate of 98.8%. Age ranges from 23 to 57 with a mean of 31.00 (± 8.219 SD) years. Work-related psychological distress symptoms in the past 4weeks stood at 44.4% (N = 185) [95%CI (39.8, 49.4)]. Being female worker [AOR: 2.07; 95% CI (1.29, 3.32)], high job demand [(AOR: 1.53; 95% CI (1.10, 2.57)] and low job control [AOR: 2.54; 95% CI (1.60, 4.04)] were significant factors of psychological distress.

Conclusion

This study underscores the level of psychological distress among healthcare professionals is high. The experiences of psychological distress symptoms were significantly influenced by socio-demographic factors including sex and psychosocial job characteristics such as job demand and job control. Efforts to prevent the mental health of workers including psychological distress symptoms need to focus on individual attributes and job contexts.