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Guimarães NS, Reis MG, Costa BVDL, Zandonadi RP, Carrascosa C, Teixeira-Lemos E, Costa CA, Alturki HA, Raposo A. Environmental Footprints in Food Services: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2106. [PMID: 38999856 PMCID: PMC11243183 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The collective meals market generates significant revenue for the world economy. Food services are responsible for consuming large amounts of water and energy, as well as generating a substantial volume of waste, which is often improperly disposed of. Given the unchecked expansion of food services, the lack of proper management of environmental resources can undermine sustainability principles, posing a threat to future generations. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the existing scientific literature on carbon and water footprints in food services, describing the main methods and tools used and what strategies have been proposed to mitigate the high values of these footprints. The search for articles was performed on 6 June 2024 in seven electronic databases, using MeSH Terms and adaptations for each database from database inception. The search for local studies was complemented by a manual search in the list of references of the studies selected to compose this review. It included quantitative studies assessing footprints (water or carbon) in food services and excluded reviews, studies that reported footprints for diets, and protocols. A total of 2642 studies were identified, and among these, 29 were selected for this review. According to the findings, it was observed that meats, especially beef, contribute more to water and carbon footprint compared to other proteins. Mitigation strategies for the water footprint include promoting plant-based diets, menu changes, and awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Alfredo Balena Avenue, 190, Room 314, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcela Gomes Reis
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Alfredo Balena Avenue, 190, Room 314, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna Vieira de Lima Costa
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Alfredo Balena Avenue, 190, Room 314, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Puppin Zandonadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Conrado Carrascosa
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - Edite Teixeira-Lemos
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Cristina A Costa
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Hmidan A Alturki
- King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology, Wellness and Preventive Medicine Institute-Health Sector, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
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Islam MA, Hasan MN, Ahammed T, Anjum A, Majumder A, Siddiqui MNEA, Mukharjee SK, Sultana KF, Sultana S, Jakariya M, Bhattacharya P, Sarkodie SA, Dhama K, Mumin J, Ahmed F. Association of household fuel with acute respiratory infection (ARI) under-five years children in Bangladesh. Front Public Health 2022; 10:985445. [PMID: 36530721 PMCID: PMC9752885 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.985445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing countries, acute respiratory infections (ARIs) cause a significant number of deaths among children. According to Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), about 25% of the deaths in children under-five years are caused by ARI in Bangladesh every year. Low-income families frequently rely on wood, coal, and animal excrement for cooking. However, it is unclear whether using alternative fuels offers a health benefit over solid fuels. To clear this doubt, we conducted a study to investigate the effects of fuel usage on ARI in children. In this study, we used the latest BDHS 2017-18 survey data collected by the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) and estimated the effects of fuel use on ARI by constructing multivariable logistic regression models. From the analysis, we found that the crude (the only type of fuel in the model) odds ratio (OR) for ARI is 1.69 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-2.71]. This suggests that children in families using contaminated fuels are 69.3% more likely to experience an ARI episode than children in households using clean fuels. After adjusting for cooking fuel, type of roof material, child's age (months), and sex of the child-the effect of solid fuels is similar to the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for ARI (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.05-2.72). This implies that an ARI occurrence is 69.2% more likely when compared to the effect of clean fuel. This study found a statistically significant association between solid fuel consumption and the occurrence of ARI in children in households. The correlation between indoor air pollution and clinical parameters of ARI requires further investigation. Our findings will also help other researchers and policymakers to take comprehensive actions by considering fuel type as a risk factor as well as taking proper steps to solve this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Aminul Islam
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
- Advanced Molecular Lab, Department of Microbiology, President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nayeem Hasan
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Joint Rohingya Response Program, Food for the Hungry, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Ahammed
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Aniqua Anjum
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Ananya Majumder
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - M. Noor-E-Alam Siddiqui
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Mukharjee
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Khandokar Fahmida Sultana
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Sabrin Sultana
- Department of Banking and Insurance, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jakariya
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- COVID-19 Research, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jubayer Mumin
- Platform of Medical and Dental Society, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoz Ahmed
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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Kansiime WK, Mugambe RK, Atusingwize E, Wafula ST, Nsereko V, Ssekamatte T, Nalugya A, Coker ES, Ssempebwa JC, Isunju JB. Use of biomass fuels predicts indoor particulate matter and carbon monoxide concentrations; evidence from an informal urban settlement in Fort Portal city, Uganda. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1723. [PMID: 36089579 PMCID: PMC9464485 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) is a leading cause of respiratory and cardiopulmonary illnesses. Particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) are critical indicators of IAQ, yet there is limited evidence of their concentrations in informal urban settlements in low-income countries.
Objective
This study assessed household characteristics that predict the concentrations of PM2.5 and CO within households in an informal settlement in Fort Portal City, Uganda.
Methodology
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 374 households. Concentrations of PM2.5 and CO were measured using a multi-purpose laser particle detector and a carbon monoxide IAQ meter, respectively. Data on household characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Data were analysed using STATA version 14.0. Linear regression was used to establish the relationship between PM2.5, CO concentrations and household cooking characteristics.
Results
The majority (89%, 332/374) of the households used charcoal for cooking. More than half (52%, 194/374) cooked outdoors. Cooking areas had significantly higher PM2.5 and CO concentrations (t = 18.14, p ≤ 0.05) and (t = 5.77 p ≤ 0.05), respectively. Cooking outdoors was associated with a 0.112 increase in the PM2.5 concentrations in the cooking area (0.112 [95% CI: -0.069, 1.614; p = 0.033]). Cooking with moderately polluting fuel was associated with a 0.718 increase in CO concentrations (0.718 [95% CI: 0.084, 1.352; p = 0.027]) in the living area.
Conclusions
The cooking and the living areas had high concentrations of PM2.5 and CO during the cooking time. Cooking with charcoal resulted in higher CO in the living area. Furthermore, cooking outdoors did not have a protective effect against PM2.5, and ambient PM2.5 exceeded the WHO Air quality limits. Interventions to improve the indoor air quality in informal settlements should promote a switch to cleaner cooking energy and improvement in the ambient air quality.
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Association between the Use of Biomass as Fuel for Cooking and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children under 5 Years of Age in Peru: An Analysis of a Population-Based Survey, 2019. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:4334794. [PMID: 35646128 PMCID: PMC9142288 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4334794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the most frequent respiratory diseases associated with the use of biomass as fuel within the home. ARIs are the main cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age. We aimed to evaluate the association between the use of biomass as cooking fuel and ARI in children under 5 years of age in Peru in 2019. Methods A secondary data analysis of the 2019 Peru Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) has been performed. The outcome variable was a history of ARI. The exposure variable was the use of biomass as fuel for cooking food. To evaluate the association of interest, generalized linear models from the Poisson family with logarithmic link function considering complex sampling to estimate crude prevalence ratio (cPR) and adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals have been performed. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 16,043 children were included in the analysis. Of the total, biomass was used as fuel to cook food in the homes of 3,479 (20.0%) children. Likewise, 2,185 (14.3%) of the children had a history of ARI. In the adjusted model, it was found that children living in homes in which biomass was used as cooking fuel had a greater probability of presenting ARI (aPR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.01–1.28). Conclusions It has been found that biomass was used to cook food in two of every 10 households. Likewise, almost one-seventh of children under 5 years old presented an ARI. The use of biomass as a source of energy for cooking in the home was associated with a higher probability of presenting ARIs.
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Giwa SO, Nwaokocha CN, Sharifpur M. An appraisal of air quality, thermal comfort, acoustic, and health risk of household kitchens in a developing country. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:26202-26213. [PMID: 34850347 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have documented the air quality, noise, thermal comfort, and health risk assessment of household kitchens related to Sub-Sahara Africa. In this paper, air quality (CO and PM2.5), thermal comfort (relative humidity (RH) and temperature), noise, and health risk in urban household kitchens with kerosene-fueled stoves were presented. This study was carried out during the dry season (summer) in the Southwestern part of Nigeria. At the breathing zone, PM2.5 and CO concentrations in the assessed kitchens were measured. In addition, the noise level, RH, and air temperature in the assessed kitchens were also determined. Furthermore, an evaluation of the heat index and health risk of the exposed population to the kerosene-fueled stove kitchens was carried out. During cooking, average CO and PM2.5 concentrations were 24.77 ± 1.05 ppm and 138.10 ± 2.61 µg/m3, respectively, while the RH was 68.34 ± 0.73%, noise level was 51.14 ± 1.08 dB, and temperature was 29.86 ± 0.23 °C. The CO and noise levels were relatively slightly lower and PM2.5 was significantly higher than the thresholds recommended by World Health Organisation. In most of the kitchens, the heat index evaluation revealed the possibility of heat exhaustion, heat cramps, and sunstroke with prolonged exposure of the vulnerable group. The air quality index depicted unhealthy (CO exposure) and very unhealthy (PM2.5 exposure) while the hazard quotient (> 1) implied possible health risk concerning exposure by inhalation. Better design of kitchen with adequate ventilation and improved stoves are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon O Giwa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ibogun, 112104, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Collins N Nwaokocha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ibogun, 112104, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Mohsen Sharifpur
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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Woolley KE, Bartington SE, Kabera T, Lao XQ, Pope FD, Greenfield SM, Price MJ, Thomas GN. Comparison of Respiratory Health Impacts Associated with Wood and Charcoal Biomass Fuels: A Population-Based Analysis of 475,000 Children from 30 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179305. [PMID: 34501907 PMCID: PMC8431364 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organisation reported that 45% of global acute respiratory infection (ARI) deaths in children under five years are attributable to household air pollution, which has been recognised to be strongly associated with solid biomass fuel usage in domestic settings. The introduction of legislative restrictions for charcoal production or purchase can result in unintended consequences, such as reversion to more polluting biomass fuels such as wood; which may increase health and environmental harms. However, there remains a paucity of evidence concerning the relative health risks between wood and charcoal. This study compares the risk of respiratory symptoms, ARI, and severe ARI among children aged under five years living in wood and charcoal fuel households across 30 low- and middle-income countries. METHODS Data from children (N = 475,089) residing in wood or charcoal cooking households were extracted from multiple population-based Demographic and Health Survey databases (DHS) (N = 30 countries). Outcome measures were obtained from a maternal report of respiratory symptoms (cough, shortness of breath and fever) occurring in the two weeks prior to the survey date, generating a composite measure of ARI (cough and shortness of breath) and severe ARI (cough, shortness of breath and fever). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were implemented, with adjustment at individual, household, regional and country level for relevant demographic, social, and health-related confounding factors. RESULTS Increased odds ratios of fever (AOR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02-1.12) were observed among children living in wood cooking households compared to the use of charcoal. However, no association was observed with shortness of breath (AOR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.96-1.10), cough (AOR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.95-1.04), ARI (AOR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.96-1.11) or severe ARI (AOR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.99-1.17). Within rural areas, only shortness of breath was observed to be associated with wood cooking (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.15). However, an increased odds ratio of ARI was observed in Asian (AOR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.04-1.51) and East African countries (AOR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01-1.22) only. CONCLUSION Our population-based observational data indicates that in Asia and East Africa there is a greater risk of ARI among children aged under 5 years living in wood compared to charcoal cooking households. These findings have major implications for understanding the existing health impacts of wood-based biomass fuel usage and may be of relevance to settings where charcoal fuel restrictions are under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Woolley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.E.W.); (S.M.G.); (M.J.P.); (G.N.T.)
| | - Suzanne E. Bartington
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.E.W.); (S.M.G.); (M.J.P.); (G.N.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Telesphore Kabera
- College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Avenue de l’Armee, Kigali P.O. Box 3900, Rwanda;
| | - Xiang-Qian Lao
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
| | - Francis D. Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Sheila M. Greenfield
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.E.W.); (S.M.G.); (M.J.P.); (G.N.T.)
| | - Malcolm J. Price
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.E.W.); (S.M.G.); (M.J.P.); (G.N.T.)
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - G. Neil Thomas
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.E.W.); (S.M.G.); (M.J.P.); (G.N.T.)
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