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Medina MB, Maldonado JB, Page LM, Resnik SL, Munitz MS. Pesticides in rice-based products commercialised in Argentina. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37830141 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2252782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
People with coeliac disease have a limited diet. Therefore, rice-based products are an ideal alternative. Highlighting this import item, an analytical methodology was validated to determine pesticides in rice-based product samples. The precision was satisfactory for all pesticides since the RSD did not exceed 13% in any case. Regarding recovery, the method had values close to 100%. The limit of quantification was established at 10 µg/kg and the expanded uncertainty was less than 20%. After validation, 80 samples of toasts and rice crackers were analysed. All samples were compliant with the national regulations for dichlorvos and tebuconazole. The pesticide that was present in the highest number of samples was pirimiphos - methyl, but all below the maximum residue limit. From all samples analysed, 38 were positive for at least one pesticide and only one contained four pesticides simultaneously: deltamethrin, pirimiphos-methyl, kresoxim-methyl and epoxiconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Medina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos de Entre Ríos (ICTAER/CONICET - UNER), Concordia, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina
| | - Julieta Belén Maldonado
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos de Entre Ríos (ICTAER/CONICET - UNER), Concordia, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina
| | - Lucas Matías Page
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos de Entre Ríos (ICTAER/CONICET - UNER), Concordia, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina
| | - Silvia Liliana Resnik
- Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata, Argentina
- Fundación de Investigaciones Científicas Teresa Benedicta de la Cruz, Luján, Argentina
| | - Martín Sebastián Munitz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos de Entre Ríos (ICTAER/CONICET - UNER), Concordia, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina
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Quantitative Modeling of the Degradation of Pesticide Residues in Wheat Flour Supply Chain. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040788. [PMID: 36832863 PMCID: PMC9957015 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide residues in grain products are a major issue due to their comprehensive and long-term impact on human health, and quantitative modeling on the degradation of pesticide residues facilitate the prediction of pesticide residue level with time during storage. Herein, we tried to study the effect of temperature and relative humidity on the degradation profiles of five pesticides (carbendazim, bensulfuron methyl, triazophos, chlorpyrifos, and carbosulfan) in wheat and flour and establish quantitative models for prediction purpose. Positive samples were prepared by spraying the corresponding pesticide standards of certain concentrations. Then, these positive samples were stored at different combinations of temperatures (20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C) and relative humidity (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%). Samples were collected at specific time points, ground, and the pesticide residues were extracted and purified by using QuEChERS method, and then quantified by using UPLC-MS/MS. Quantitative model of pesticide residues was constructed using Minitab 17 software. Results showed that high temperature and high relative humidity accelerate the degradation of the five pesticide residues, and their degradation profiles and half-lives over temperature and relative humidity varied among pesticides. The quantitative model for pesticide degradation in the whole process from wheat to flour was constructed, with R2 above 0.817 for wheat and 0.796 for flour, respectively. The quantitative model allows the prediction of the pesticide residual level in the process from wheat to flour.
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Medina MB, Munitz MS, Resnik SL. Fate and health risks assessment of some pesticides residues during industrial rice processing in Argentina. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Optimization of a rice cooking method using response surface methodology with desirability function approach to minimize pesticide concentration. Food Chem 2021; 352:129364. [PMID: 33657482 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Rice is contaminated with pesticides applied in pre and post-harvest. These contaminations could be reduced through household operations like washing and cooking. Therefore, in the present research, a pre-soaking rice cooking method was used to reduce pesticides residues. Response Surface Methodology with Central Composite Design was applied to minimize pesticides concentration by choosing the best soaking time and water:rice grain relation before cooking. A quadratic polynomial equation was obtained. Desirability function approach gave the optimal cooking conditions as 14 h soaking time and water:rice grain relation of 3. This process allowed a pesticide elimination of 100.0%, 93.5%, 98.4%, 98.5%, 99.0%, and 95.0%, of azoxystrobin, cyproconazole, deltamethrin, epoxiconazole, kresoxim-methyl and penconazole, respectively.
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Medina MB, Munitz MS, Resnik SL. Effect of household rice cooking on pesticide residues. Food Chem 2020; 342:128311. [PMID: 33051103 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This investigation shows the pesticide distribution and reduction using three common household cooking methods. Extraction was performed using QuEChERS and solid phase microextraction methodologies for rice and water, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used. Both methods showed good linearity (r2 > 0.9996 and 0.9945), adequate recoveries (between 98.9 and 107.8% and 90.5-104.2%) and relative standard deviations lower than 4.5% and 7.0%, for rice and water, respectively. The initial concentration of deltamethrin, penconazole, kresoxim-methyl, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole and azoxystrobin, were 84.9, 242.2, 298.5, 230.7, 253.4 and 293.5 µg/kg, respectively. Washing and soaking water reduce pesticides only 0.40 to 4.28%. The pesticide reduction during cooking were 20.73 to 57.72%, 32.74 to 70.39%, and 68.87 to 87.50% for traditional, excess water, and pre-soaking rice methods, respectively. Pre-soaking rice with extra water before cooking proved to be the method that generates the greatest reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - Martín Sebastián Munitz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina.
| | - Silvia Liliana Resnik
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata, Argentina; Fundación de Investigaciones Científicas Teresa Benedicta de la Cruz, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
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Medina MB, Munitz MS, Resnik SL. Validation and expanded uncertainty determination of pesticides in water; and their survey on paddy rice irrigation water from Argentina. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 55:983-989. [PMID: 32795113 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1807262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was validated for the simultaneous determination of penconazole, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, deltamethrin, azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl in paddy rice irrigation water. Different SPME fiber coatings and pH values were tested. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and pH 7 were chosen to optimize extraction. All pesticides presented a recovery percentage between 90.5 and 104.2%; and detection and quantification limits were 0.03 and 0.05 µg/kg for azoxystrobin and cyproconazole, 0.02 and 0.05 µg/kg for deltametrhin and epoxiconazole, 0.02 and 0.03 µg/kg for kresoxim-methyl, and 0.01 and 0.02 µg/kg for penconazole. The expanded uncertainty was estimated for all pesticides showing results lower than 20%. A total of 100 paddy rice irrigation water samples, collected in different rice fields from Argentina, were evaluated. The study showed that 86 of them presented residues. The concentrations exceeded the values that were set by European legislation and the frequencies were higher than 86% so the agricultural practices should be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- María B Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - Martín S Munitz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina
| | - Silvia L Resnik
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata, Argentina
- Fundación de Investigaciones Científicas Teresa Benedicta de la Cruz, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Akgün B, Hamzaoğlu M, Tosunoğlu H, Demir S, Deniz A, Zengingönül Gökçay R. A survey of 59 pesticide residues in Turkish chicken eggs using LC-MS/MS. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2020; 13:252-259. [PMID: 32498611 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2020.1767218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An LC-MS/MS multi-residue method was validated for the determination of 59 pesticide residue levels in a chicken egg by using QuEChERS extraction method. The validation parameters used were taken from the SANTE/11813/2017 guideline. The calibration curves for each target pesticide had a good linearity in a range of 1.0 or 2.5 to 100.0 µg kg-1 (r2 ≥ 0.995). Ten per cent of the total pesticides had LOQ values less than 5.0 µg kg-1 or LOQ values from 5.0 to 10.0 µg kg-1. The LOQ values were below the MRLs set by the European Commision (EC). Average recoveries (70-120%) and relative standard deviations (RSDs≤20%) were achieved for 59 selected pesticides at different concentrations (5 or 10 and 200 µg kg-1). All expanded measurement uncertainties were lower than 50%. The occurrence of these pesticides was evaluated in 35 commercially available chicken eggs. No MRL exceedance was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Akgün
- Food Additives and Residues Department, Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mertin Hamzaoğlu
- Food Additives and Residues Department, Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hakan Tosunoğlu
- Food Additives and Residues Department, Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sema Demir
- Food Additives and Residues Department, Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Altan Deniz
- Food Additives and Residues Department, Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Remziye Zengingönül Gökçay
- Food Additives and Residues Department, Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control , Bursa, Turkey
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