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Paul MC, Ahmed MW, Prodhan MDH, Dutta NK, Ahmed MT, Abdullah MM, Islam MA, Khan MSI. Pesticides in widely consumed vegetables in Bangladesh and its health risk. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39327918 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2024.2404924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
This study analysed pesticide residues in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis) and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), two widely consumed vegetables in Bangladesh, and assessed the associated human health risks. Vegetables were analysed using a modified QuEChERS extraction, followed by gas chromatography with flame thermionic and electron capture detectors. Results showed that in 36.7% of the samples pesticide residues were detected, 90.9% of which exceeding the MRLs of the European Commission, so highlighting serious food safety concerns. Multiple residues were detected in some samples, with chlorpyrifos being the most common present, followed by diazinon, dimethoate and quinalphos. Human health risks, calculated by estimated daily intake and hazard index, indicated potential non-carcinogenic risks from the present pesticides. This study may assist policymakers and authorities in developing strategies for safe vegetable production and quality monitoring to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehir Chandra Paul
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Wadud Ahmed
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Mohammad Dalower Hossain Prodhan
- Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Pesticide Research & Environmental Toxicology Section, Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Nirmal Kumar Dutta
- Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Pesticide Research & Environmental Toxicology Section, Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Toukir Ahmed
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Md Masum Abdullah
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Information System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Ariful Islam
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sirajul Islam Khan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Quansah JK, Saalia FK, Chen J. Pesticides residues in leafy green vegetables and irrigation waters in Accra, Ghana. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2024; 17:129-136. [PMID: 38390717 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2024.2317407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are used in vegetable farming to control pests and diseases, reduce crop losses and improve yield. The study examined pesticide residues in irrigation waters and leafy green vegetables grown in some farming areas in Accra, Ghana. Three types of irrigation water sources (n = 23) and two exotic and four indigenous Ghanaian leafy vegetables (n = 34) from 10 farming areas in Accra, Ghana were collected and examined for 15 organochlorines, 13 organophosphorus and 9 synthetic pyrethroids pesticide residues using the modified QuEChERS procedure. Pesticide residues were detected on 50% (17/34) of the leafy vegetable and 52% (12/23) of the irrigation water samples analysed. Chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin were the most detected pesticide residues in the vegetables and irrigation water. About 26.5% of the vegetables contained pesticide residues exceeding the EU maximum residue limits, so vegetable farmers should be encouraged to comply with appropriate measures on pesticide use to enhance food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joycelyn K Quansah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Firibu K Saalia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Jinru Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia, USA
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