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Alamgir A. "We are struggling to seek justice": a study of the criminal justice system and transgender experiences in Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH 2024; 25:199-214. [PMID: 38681495 PMCID: PMC11044753 DOI: 10.1080/26895269.2024.2303478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Background This article aims to explore the complex intersection of transgender people's identities within Pakistan's criminal justice system; a nation in South Asia with a vast population of around 220 million. Aim This paper aims to explore the myriad challenges faced by transgender individuals when they navigate the realms of justice, encompassing encounters with community people, law enforcement, experiences within the prison system, interactions with prosecution, and engagements with the judicial process in Pakistan. Method Employing a qualitative research methodology, this study draws on one set of semi structured interviews with ten members of the Khawaja Sara communities, representing transgender individuals, within their residential spaces in Peshawar. Findings Through the lens of an intersectional framework, the study's findings demonstrate the fragile nature of the criminal justice system in Pakistan as it fails to provide justice to transgender people and to safeguard their lives in Peshawar. Conclusion The study demonstrates entrenched issues like transphobia, cisgenderism, and cisnormativity in the criminal justice system of Pakistan, contributing to suboptimal case handling and the exacerbation of hate crimes against the Khawaja Sara communities in Peshawar. Consequently, a considerable number of cases involving transgender individuals either go unreported or witness the voluntary withdrawal of First Information Reports (FIRs), perpetuating a cycle of impunity and significantly compromising the pursuit of justice in Peshawar, Pakistan.
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Applin S, Simpson JM, Curtis A. Men Have Gender and Women Are People: A Structural Approach to Gender and Violence. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:1097-1118. [PMID: 35938287 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221104844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between violence and patriarchal gender systems is structural and coconstitutive; yet structural analyses that account for gender in explanations and conceptualizations of violence are often absent from violence scholarship. Additionally, there are numerous underassessed areas in more gender-nuanced, "gender-based" violence paradigms. We address the shortcomings of both types of research and propose a cohesive theoretical framework that captures the ways in which violence is patriarchy-enhancing and patriarchy-facilitated. Violence shapes and influences gender performances and structures and, concomitantly, the gender order shapes and influences violence in given contexts.
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Gaveras EM, Fabbre VD, Gillani B, Sloan S. Understanding Past Experiences of Suicidal Ideation and Behavior in the Life Narratives of Transgender Older Adults. QUALITATIVE SOCIAL WORK : QSW : RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 22:159-175. [PMID: 37387722 PMCID: PMC10306254 DOI: 10.1177/14733250211051783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Transgender people (collectively referred to here as trans) experience disproportionate rates of suicidal ideation and behavior (plans and attempts) attributed to complex constellations of structural and individual factors. Interpretive methods in suicide research elucidate and contextualize intricate patterns of risk factors and strategies for recovery. The life narratives of trans older adults offer unique insights into past suicidal behavior and recovery after distress has diminished and perspective has been gained. This study aimed to illuminate the lived experiences of suicidal ideation and behavior in the biographical interviews of 14 trans older adults as part of the project To Survive on This Shore (N=88). Data analysis was conducted using a two-phase narrative analysis. Trans older adults contextualized suicide attempts, plans, ideation, and recovery as navigating impossible to possible paths. Impossible paths were seen as hopelessness in their life direction, often after a significant loss. Possible paths were described as pathways to recovery from crises. Transitions from impossible to possible paths were narrated as a turning point or moment of strength combined with outreach to family, friends, or mental health professionals. Narrative approaches hold the potential to illuminate pathways to well-being among trans persons with lived experiences of suicidal ideation and behavior. For social work practitioners, therapeutic narrative work around past suicidal ideation and behavior with trans older adults holds promise for suicidal prevention by identifying important supportive resources and previously used coping skills in crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni M Gaveras
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130
| | - Vanessa D Fabbre
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130
| | | | - Steff Sloan
- University of Kansas, Center for Public Partnerships and Research, St. Andrews Research Building, 1617 St. Andrews Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
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Ussher JM, Hawkey A, Perz J, Liamputtong P, Sekar J, Marjadi B, Schmied V, Dune T, Brook E. Crossing Boundaries and Fetishization: Experiences of Sexual Violence for Trans Women of Color. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP3552-NP3584. [PMID: 32783523 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520949149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Transgender (trans) women are at higher risk of sexual violence than cisgender women, with trans women of color reported to be at highest risk. This study examined subjective experiences of sexual violence for 31 trans women of color living in Australia, average age 29 (range 18-54), through in-depth interviews. An additional photovoice activity and follow-up interviews were completed by 19 women. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis and feminist intersectionality theory, identifying the following themes. The first theme, "'A sexually tinged violation of boundaries': Defining sexual violence," examined women's definition of sexual violence, including staring and verbal abuse, nonconsensual touching and sexual assault, in both public and private contexts. The second theme, "'Crossing people's boundaries': Sexual harassment in the public domain," examined the frequent sexual harassment women experienced in their daily lives. This included the subtheme, "A hostile gaze: Public staring and 'weird looks'" and "Mockery and transphobic abuse: Verbal abuse is sexual violence." The third theme, "'Crossing bodily boundaries': Experiences of sexual assault," included the subthemes "'Unwanted sexual touch': Groping and forced sex by strangers," "Danger in relationships: Sexual assault and manipulation," "Sexual violence in the context of sex work," and "'We're turned into something we're not': Fetishization and the sexual other." The poor health outcomes experienced by many trans women are closely associated with their exposure to sexual violence and the social inequities and transphobia to which they are subjected. Trans women of color may experience additional prejudice and discrimination due to the intersection of gender, sexuality, race, and social class. Our research suggests that understanding these intersectionalities is integral in understanding the sexual violence experiences of trans women of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Ussher
- Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Janette Perz
- Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jessica Sekar
- Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Tinashe Dune
- Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eloise Brook
- The Gender Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Lievesley R, Lapworth R. "We Do Exist": The Experiences of Women Living with a Sexual Interest in Minors. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:879-896. [PMID: 34791582 PMCID: PMC8888496 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current body of the literature studying minor-attracted persons (MAPs) predominantly focuses on the experiences of men who experience sexual attractions to children. To shed more light on the experiences of women within this population, we conducted anonymous semi-structured interviews with six self-identified female MAPs, who were recruited through online support forums for individuals with sexual attractions to children. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the interview transcripts. Two superordinate themes were identified from the dataset that highlighted the uniqueness of the experience of being a woman within the MAP community ("A minority within a minority") and themes of social isolation and the effects of this on identity ("A lonely secret existence"). The findings reported here highlight how the experiences of female MAPs both converge with and diverge from their male counterparts in important ways. We discuss the implications of these experiences in relation to more effective service provision for women who are sexually attracted to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lievesley
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK.
| | - Rhia Lapworth
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
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Glyde T. How can therapists and other healthcare practitioners best support and validate their queer menopausal clients? SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2021.1881770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Glyde
- Counselling & Psychotherapy, School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
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Fabbre VD, Gaveras E. The manifestation of multilevel stigma in the lived experiences of transgender and gender nonconforming older adults. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2020; 90:350-360. [PMID: 31971406 PMCID: PMC7182477 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people experience disparities in mental health when compared with non-TGNC sexual minorities and the general population. One line of inquiry with respect to these disparities is the examination of stigma and its connection to emotional and psychological well-being. Recent conceptualizations of stigma draw attention to multiple levels-individual, interpersonal, and structural-that are thought to impact well-being for TGNC people. However, little is known about how multilevel stigma is experienced by TGNC older adults, who navigate stigmatizing environments over a lifetime and who may be especially vulnerable to its cumulative effects. We conducted an interpretive content analysis of biographical interviews with 88 TGNC adults aged 50 and older, from across the United States, obtained from the photography and interview project To Survive on This Shore. Our analyses suggest that TGNC older adults' mental health is indeed impacted by multiple levels of stigma. Individual level stigma is experienced as ongoing vigilance about aspects of oneself that break gender norms, often manifesting in internal conflicts. At the interpersonal level, TGNC older adults navigate unpredictable relationships marked by conflicting expressions of love, acceptance, strain, and exclusion. Structural stigma manifests in constraints brought about by transphobic policies and social norms but also sparks intentional action on the part of TGNC older adults to resist and change these social forces. Clinical interventions to combat stigmatization can use life narratives and a focus on consciousness-raising to promote empowerment and well-being for this group of older adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Sayılan G, Türkoğlu B, Cingöz-Ulu B. Keeping my distance: prejudice towards transwomen and its socio-political and moral predictors. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2019.1686055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gülden Sayılan
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beril Türkoğlu
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Cingöz-Ulu
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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Morrison MA, Bishop CJ, Gazzola SB, McCutcheon JM, Parker K, Morrison TG. Systematic review of the psychometric properties of transphobia scales. INT J TRANSGENDERISM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15532739.2017.1332535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Morrison
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - CJ Bishop
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Stephanie B. Gazzola
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jessica M. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kandice Parker
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Todd G. Morrison
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Lloyd CEM, Finn MD. Authenticity, validation and sexualisation on Grindr: an analysis of trans women’s accounts. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2017.1316769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark D. Finn
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
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