1
|
Bharathi JK, Suresh P, Prakash MAS, Muneer S. Exploring recent progress of molecular farming for therapeutic and recombinant molecules in plant systems. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37634. [PMID: 39309966 PMCID: PMC11416299 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An excellent technique for producing pharmaceuticals called "molecular farming" enables the industrial mass production of useful recombinant proteins in genetically modified organisms. Protein-based pharmaceuticals are rising in significance because of a variety of factors, including their bioreactivity, precision, safety, and efficacy rate. Heterologous expression methods for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products have been previously employed using yeast, bacteria, and animal cells. However, the high cost of mammalian cell system, and production, the chance for product complexity, and contamination, and the hurdles of scaling up to commercial production are the limitations of these traditional expression methods. Plants have been raised as a hopeful replacement system for the expression of biopharmaceutical products due to their potential benefits, which include low production costs, simplicity in scaling up to commercial manufacturing levels, and a lower threat of mammalian toxin contaminations and virus infections. Since plants are widely utilized as a source of therapeutic chemicals, molecular farming offers a unique way to produce molecular medicines such as recombinant antibodies, enzymes, growth factors, plasma proteins, and vaccines whose molecular basis for use in therapy is well established. Biopharming provides more economical and extensive pharmaceutical drug supplies, including vaccines for contagious diseases and pharmaceutical proteins for the treatment of conditions like heart disease and cancer. To assess its technical viability and the efficacy resulting from the adoption of molecular farming products, the following review explores the various methods and methodologies that are currently employed to create commercially valuable molecules in plant systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jothi Kanmani Bharathi
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preethika Suresh
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil-Nadu, India
- Department of Horticulture and Food Science, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil-Nadu, India
| | - Muthu Arjuna Samy Prakash
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowbiya Muneer
- Department of Horticulture and Food Science, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil-Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Göritzer K, Strasser R, Ma JKC. Stability Engineering of Recombinant Secretory IgA. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6856. [PMID: 38999969 PMCID: PMC11240955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Secretory IgA (SIgA) presents a promising avenue for mucosal immunotherapy yet faces challenges in expression, purification, and stability. IgA exists in two primary isotypes, IgA1 and IgA2, with IgA2 further subdivided into two common allotypes: IgA2m(1) and IgA2m(2). The major differences between IgA1 and IgA2 are located in the hinge region, with IgA1 featuring a 13-amino acid elongation that includes up to six O-glycosylation sites. Furthermore, the IgA2m(1) allotype lacks a covalent disulfide bond between heavy and light chains, which is present in IgA1 and IgA2m(2). While IgA1 demonstrates superior epitope binding and pathogen neutralization, IgA2 exhibits enhanced effector functions and stability against mucosal bacterial degradation. However, the noncovalent linkage in the IgA2m(1) allotype raises production and stability challenges. The introduction of distinct single mutations aims to facilitate an alternate disulfide bond formation to mitigate these challenges. We compare four different IgA2 versions with IgA1 to further develop secretory IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 for topical delivery to mucosal surfaces. Our results indicate significantly improved expression levels and assembly efficacy of SIgA2 (P221R) in Nicotiana benthamiana. Moreover, engineered SIgA2 displays heightened thermal stability under physiological as well as acidic conditions and can be aerosolized using a mesh nebulizer. In summary, our study elucidates the benefits of stability-enhancing mutations in overcoming hurdles associated with SIgA expression and stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Göritzer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK;
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Julian K.-C. Ma
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chang-Rabley E, van Zelm MC, Ricotta EE, Edwards ESJ. An Overview of the Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:675. [PMID: 38932404 PMCID: PMC11209597 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has heightened concerns about immunological protection, especially for individuals with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). While COVID-19 vaccines elicit strong immune responses in healthy individuals, their effectiveness in IEI patients remains unclear, particularly against new viral variants and vaccine formulations. This uncertainty has led to anxiety, prolonged self-isolation, and repeated vaccinations with uncertain benefits among IEI patients. Despite some level of immune response from vaccination, the definition of protective immunity in IEI individuals is still unknown. Given their susceptibility to severe COVID-19, strategies such as immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) and monoclonal antibodies have been employed to provide passive immunity, and protection against both current and emerging variants. This review examines the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and antibody-based therapies in IEI patients, their capacity to recognize viral variants, and the necessary advances required for the ongoing protection of people with IEIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Chang-Rabley
- The Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Menno C. van Zelm
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies in Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emily E. Ricotta
- The Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniform Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Emily S. J. Edwards
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies in Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Q, Pavlinov I, Ye Y, Zheng W. Therapeutic development targeting host heparan sulfate proteoglycan in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1364657. [PMID: 38618194 PMCID: PMC11014733 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1364657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an urgent need for effective therapeutic options. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The virus is known to enter host cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, and emerging evidence suggests that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play a crucial role in facilitating this process. HSPGs are abundant cell surface proteoglycan present in many tissues, including the lung, and have been shown to interact directly with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the role of HSPGs in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the potential of developing new therapies targeting HSPGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ivan Pavlinov
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yihong Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Winiger RR, Perez L. Therapeutic antibodies and alternative formats against SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral Res 2024; 223:105820. [PMID: 38307147 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) heavily burdened the entire world. Despite a prompt generation of vaccines and therapeutics to confront infection, the virus remains a threat. The ancestor viral strain has evolved into several variants of concern, with the Omicron variant now having many distinct sublineages. Consequently, most available antibodies targeting the spike went obsolete and thus new therapies or therapeutic formats are needed. In this review we focus on antibody targets, provide an overview of the therapeutic progress made so far, describe novel formats being explored, and lessons learned from therapeutic antibodies that can enhance pandemic preparedness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahel R Winiger
- University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Service of Immunology and Allergy, and Center for Human Immunology Lausanne (CHIL), Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Perez
- University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Service of Immunology and Allergy, and Center for Human Immunology Lausanne (CHIL), Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abdeldaim DT, Schindowski K. Fc-Engineered Therapeutic Antibodies: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2402. [PMID: 37896162 PMCID: PMC10610324 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal therapeutic antibodies have revolutionized the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Fc engineering aims to enhance the effector functions or half-life of therapeutic antibodies by modifying their Fc regions. Recent advances in the Fc engineering of modern therapeutic antibodies can be considered the next generation of antibody therapy. Various strategies are employed, including altering glycosylation patterns via glycoengineering and introducing mutations to the Fc region, thereby enhancing Fc receptor or complement interactions. Further, Fc engineering strategies enable the generation of bispecific IgG-based heterodimeric antibodies. As Fc engineering techniques continue to evolve, an expanding portfolio of Fc-engineered antibodies is advancing through clinical development, with several already approved for medical use. Despite the plethora of Fc-based mutations that have been analyzed in in vitro and in vivo models, we focus here in this review on the relevant Fc engineering strategies of approved therapeutic antibodies to finetune effector functions, to modify half-life and to stabilize asymmetric bispecific IgGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia T. Abdeldaim
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, 88400 Biberach, Germany;
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, 88400 Biberach, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kogevinas M, Karachaliou M, Espinosa A, Aguilar R, Castaño-Vinyals G, Garcia-Aymerich J, Carreras A, Cortés B, Pleguezuelos V, Papantoniou K, Rubio R, Jiménez A, Vidal M, Serra P, Parras D, Santamaría P, Izquierdo L, Cirach M, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Dadvand P, Straif K, Moncunill G, de Cid R, Dobaño C, Tonne C. Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody Response in a General Population Cohort (COVICAT Study, Catalonia). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:47001. [PMID: 37017430 PMCID: PMC10075082 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution has been associated with COVID-19 disease severity and antibody response induced by infection. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and vaccine-induced antibody response. METHODS This study was nested in an ongoing population-based cohort, COVICAT, the GCAT-Genomes for Life cohort, in Catalonia, Spain, with multiple follow-ups. We drew blood samples in 2021 from 1,090 participants of 2,404 who provided samples in 2020, and we included 927 participants in this analysis. We measured immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA antibodies against five viral-target antigens, including receptor-binding domain (RBD), spike-protein (S), and segment spike-protein (S2) triggered by vaccines available in Spain. We estimated prepandemic (2018-2019) exposure to fine particulate matter [PM ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)], nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O3) using Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE) models. We adjusted estimates for individual- and area-level covariates, time since vaccination, and vaccine doses and type and stratified by infection status. We used generalized additive models to explore the relationship between air pollution and antibodies according to days since vaccination. RESULTS Among vaccinated persons not infected by SARS-CoV-2 (n=632), higher prepandemic air pollution levels were associated with a lower vaccine antibody response for IgM (1 month post vaccination) and IgG. Percentage change in geometric mean IgG levels per interquartile range of PM2.5 (1.7 μg/m3) were -8.1 (95% CI: -15.9, 0.4) for RBD, -9.9 (-16.2, -3.1) for S, and -8.4 (-13.5, -3.0) for S2. We observed a similar pattern for NO2 and BC and an inverse pattern for O3. Differences in IgG levels by air pollution levels persisted with time since vaccination. We did not observe an association of air pollution with vaccine antibody response among participants with prior infection (n=295). DISCUSSION Exposure to air pollution was associated with lower COVID-19 vaccine antibody response. The implications of this association on the risk of breakthrough infections require further investigation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11989.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manolis Kogevinas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Espinosa
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Carreras
- Genomes for Life-GCAT lab Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cortés
- Genomes for Life-GCAT lab Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center of Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rocío Rubio
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Serra
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Parras
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaría
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cirach
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Payam Dadvand
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kurt Straif
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cid
- Genomes for Life-GCAT lab Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bohländer F. A new hope? Possibilities of therapeutic IgA antibodies in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127339. [PMID: 37051237 PMCID: PMC10083398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory lung diseases represent a persistent burden for patients and the global healthcare system. The combination of high morbidity, (partially) high mortality and limited innovations in the last decades, have resulted in a great demand for new therapeutics. Are therapeutic IgA antibodies possibly a new hope in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases? Current research increasingly unravels the elementary functions of IgA as protector against infections and as modulator of overwhelming inflammation. With a focus on IgA, this review describes the pathological alterations in mucosal immunity and how they contribute to chronic inflammation in the most common inflammatory lung diseases. The current knowledge of IgA functions in the circulation, and particularly in the respiratory mucosa, are summarized. The interplay between neutrophils and IgA seems to be key in control of inflammation. In addition, the hurdles and benefits of therapeutic IgA antibodies, as well as the currently known clinically used IgA preparations are described. The data highlighted here, together with upcoming research strategies aiming at circumventing the current pitfalls in IgA research may pave the way for this promising antibody class in the application of inflammatory lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Bohländer
- Department of Translational Research, Biotest AG, Dreieich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lim SP. Targeting SARS-CoV-2 and host cell receptor interactions. Antiviral Res 2023; 210:105514. [PMID: 36581047 PMCID: PMC9792186 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of vaccines and therapeutics, continual genetic alterations render the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) a persistent threat, particularly for the immunocompromised and elderly. Through interactions of its spike (S) protein with different receptors and coreceptors on host cell surfaces, the virus enters the cell either via fusion with the plasma membrane or through endocytosis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as a key receptor utilized by SARS-CoV-2 and related human coronaviruses to mediate cell entry in the lung airways. Auxiliary SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors such as ASGPR1, Kremen protein 1, integrins have also been reported. In this review, therapeutic approaches to block SARS-CoV-2 and host cell receptor interactions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siew Pheng Lim
- Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), A*STAR, 10, Biopolis Road, #05-01, Chromos, 138670, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Q, Peng L, Nie Y, Shu Y, Zhang H, Song Z, Li Y, Hu H, Li L, Wang X, Liu J, Li J, Shi Z, Deng F, Guo Y, Zhou Y, Yan B, Hu Z, Wang M. Hybridoma-derived neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against Beta and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 in vivo. Virol Sin 2022; 38:257-267. [PMID: 36596381 PMCID: PMC9803610 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are a major therapeutic strategy for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants worldwide has increased the urgency for the development of new mAbs. In this study, we immunized mice with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 prototypic strain (WIV04) and screened 35 RBD-specific mAbs using hybridoma technology. Results of the plaque reduction neutralization test showed that 25 of the mAbs neutralized authentic WIV04 strain infection. The 25 mAbs were divided into three categories based on the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results. A representative mAb was selected from each category (RD4, RD10, and RD14) to determine the binding kinetics and median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of WIV04 and two variants of concern (VOC): B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.2 (Delta). RD4 neutralized the B.1.617.2 variant with an IC50 of 2.67 ng/mL; however, it completely lost neutralizing activity against the B.1.351 variant. RD10 neutralized both variants with an IC50 exceeding 100 ng/mL; whereas RD14 neutralized two variants with a higher IC50 (>1 mg/mL). Animal experiments were performed to evaluate the protective effects of RD4 and RD10 against various VOC infections. RD4 could protect Adv-hACE2 transduced mice from B.1.617.2 infection at an antibody concentration of 25 mg/kg, while RD10 could protect mice from B.1.351 infection at an antibody concentration of 75 mg/kg. These results highlight the potential for future modifications of the mAbs for practical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yanqiu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yanni Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Huajun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zidan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hengrui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Liushuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhengli Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yiwu Zhou
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Bing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, China,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rodríguez MC, Ceaglio N, Gugliotta A, Villarraza J, Garay E, Fuselli A, Gastaldi V, Tardivo MB, Antuña S, Fontana D, Prieto C. Design and optimization of an IgG human ELISA assay reactive to recombinant RBD SARS-CoV-2 protein. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7933-7948. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12254-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
12
|
Dobaño C, Ramírez-Morros A, Alonso S, Rubio R, Ruiz-Olalla G, Vidal-Alaball J, Macià D, Catalina QM, Vidal M, Casanovas AF, Prados de la Torre E, Barrios D, Jiménez A, Zanoncello J, Melero NR, Carolis C, Izquierdo L, Aguilar R, Moncunill G, Ruiz-Comellas A. Sustained seropositivity up to 20.5 months after COVID-19. BMC Med 2022; 20:379. [PMID: 36224590 PMCID: PMC9556137 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the persistence of IgM, IgA, and IgG to SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens up to 616 days since the onset of symptoms in a longitudinal cohort of 247 primary health care workers from Barcelona, Spain, followed up since the start of the pandemic. The study also assesses factors affecting antibody levels, including comorbidities and the responses to variants of concern as well as the frequency of reinfections. Despite a gradual and significant decline in antibody levels with time, seropositivity to five SARS-CoV-2 antigens combined was always higher than 90% over the whole study period. In a subset of 23 participants who had not yet been vaccinated by November 2021, seropositivity remained at 95.65% (47.83% IgM, 95.65% IgA, 95.65% IgG). IgG seropositivity against Alpha and Delta predominant variants was comparable to that against the Wuhan variant, while it was lower for Gamma and Beta (minority) variants and for IgA and IgM. Antibody levels at the time point closest to infection were associated with age, smoking, obesity, hospitalization, fever, anosmia/hypogeusia, chest pain, and hypertension in multivariable regression models. Up to 1 year later, just before the massive roll out of vaccination, antibody levels were associated with age, occupation, hospitalization, duration of symptoms, anosmia/hypogeusia, fever, and headache. In addition, tachycardia and cutaneous symptoms associated with slower antibody decay, and oxygen supply with faster antibody decay. Eight reinfections (3.23%) were detected in low responders, which is consistent with a sustained protective role for anti-spike naturally acquired antibodies. Stable persistence of IgG and IgA responses and cross-recognition of the predominant variants circulating in the 2020-2021 period indicate long-lasting and largely variant-transcending humoral immunity in the initial 20.5 months of the pandemic, in the absence of vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ramírez-Morros
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Alaball
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Grup de Promoció de la Salut en l'Àmbit Rural (ProSaARu), Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Dídac Macià
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Queralt Miró Catalina
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Fuster Casanovas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Esther Prados de la Torre
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jasmina Zanoncello
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz-Comellas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Grup de Promoció de la Salut en l'Àmbit Rural (ProSaARu), Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Centre d'Atenció Primària (CAP) Sant Joan de Vilatorrada. Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Infante MS, Salmanton-García J, Fernández-Cruz A, Marchesi F, Jaksic O, Weinbergerová B, Besson C, Duarte RF, Itri F, Valković T, Szotkovski T, Busca A, Guidetti A, Glenthøj A, Collins GP, Bonuomo V, Sili U, Seval GC, Machado M, Cordoba R, Blennow O, Abu-Zeinah G, Lamure S, Kulasekararaj A, Falces-Romero I, Cattaneo C, Van Doesum J, Piukovics K, Omrani AS, Magliano G, Ledoux MP, de Ramon C, Cabirta A, Verga L, López-García A, Da Silva MG, Stojanoski Z, Meers S, Lahmer T, Martín-Pérez S, Dávila-Vals J, Van Praet J, Samarkos M, Bilgin YM, Karlsson LK, Batinić J, Nordlander A, Schönlein M, Hoenigl M, Ráčil Z, Mladenović M, Hanakova M, Zambrotta GPM, De Jonge N, Adžić-Vukičević T, Nunes-Rodrigues R, Prezioso L, Navrátil M, Marchetti M, Cuccaro A, Calbacho M, Giordano A, Cornely OA, Hernández-Rivas JÁ, Pagano L. B-cell malignancies treated with targeted drugs and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A European Hematology Association Survey (EPICOVIDEHA). Front Oncol 2022; 12:992137. [PMID: 36276116 PMCID: PMC9583921 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.992137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with lymphoproliferative diseases (LPD) are vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Here, we describe and analyze the outcome of 366 adult patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) treated with targeted drugs and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosed between February 2020 and January 2022. Median follow-up was 70.5 days (IQR 0-609). Most used targeted drugs were Bruton-kinase inhibitors (BKIs) (N= 201, 55%), anti-CD20 other than rituximab (N=61, 16%), BCL2 inhibitors (N=33, 9%) and lenalidomide (N=28, 8%).Only 16.2% of the patients were vaccinated with 2 or more doses of vaccine at the onset of COVID-19. Mortality was 24% (89/366) on day 30 and 36%(134/366) on the last day of follow-up. Age >75 years (p<0.001, HR 1.036), active malignancy (p<0.001, HR 2.215), severe COVID-19 (p=0.017, HR 2.270) and admission to ICU (p<0.001, HR 5.751) were risk factors for mortality at last day of follow up. There was no difference in OS rates in NHL vs CLL patients (p=0.306), nor in patients treated with or without BKIs (p=0.151). Mortality in ICU was 66% (CLL 61%, NHL 76%). Overall mortality rate decreased according to vaccination status, being 39% in unvaccinated patients, 32% and 26% in those having received one or two doses, respectively, and 20% in patients with a booster dose (p=0.245). Overall mortality rate dropped from 41% during the first semester of 2020 to 25% at the last semester of 2021. These results show increased severity and mortality from COVID-19 in LPDs patients treated with targeted drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon Salmanton-García
- 2Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,3Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,*Correspondence: Jon Salmanton-García,
| | | | - Francesco Marchesi
- 5Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ozren Jaksic
- 6Department of Hematology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbora Weinbergerová
- 7Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | | | | | - Federico Itri
- 9San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital - Orbassano, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Toni Valković
- 10University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia,11Croatian Cooperative Group for Hematological Diseases (CROHEM), Zagreb, Croatia,12Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Health Studies University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Alessandro Busca
- 14Stem Cell Transplant Center, AOU Citta’ della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Guidetti
- 15Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreas Glenthøj
- 16Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Graham P. Collins
- 17NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Bonuomo
- 18Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Uluhan Sili
- 19Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Marina Machado
- 21Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Cordoba
- 22Health Research Institute IIS-FJD, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ola Blennow
- 19Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ghaith Abu-Zeinah
- 23Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sylvain Lamure
- 24Departement d’Hematologie Clinique, CHU de Montpellier, UMR-CNRS 5535, Universite de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Austin Kulasekararaj
- 25King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom,26King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jaap Van Doesum
- 29University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Klára Piukovics
- 30Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, Faculty of Medicine University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ali S. Omrani
- 31Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Cristina de Ramon
- 34Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain,35IBSAL, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alba Cabirta
- 36Department of Hematology, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Experimental Hematology, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona, Spain,37Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain,38Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Luisa Verga
- 39Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo - Monza, Monza, Italy,40Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto López-García
- 41Health Research Institute IIS-FJD, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Tobias Lahmer
- 45Medizinische Klinik II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Jens Van Praet
- 47Department of Nephrology and Infectious Diseases, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Brugge, Belgium
| | | | | | - Linda Katharina Karlsson
- 16Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anna Nordlander
- 19Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schönlein
- 51Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- 52Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States,53Clinical and Translational Fungal-Working Group, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,54Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zdeněk Ráčil
- 55Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | | | - Nick De Jonge
- 57Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Lucia Prezioso
- 58U.O. Ematologia e Centro Trapianti Midollo Osseo, Ospedale Maggiore, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Monia Marchetti
- 60Hematology and BMT Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Annarosa Cuccaro
- 61Hematology Unit, Center for Translational Medicine, Azienda USL Toscana NordOvest, Livorno, Italy
| | - Maria Calbacho
- 62Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Giordano
- 63Hematology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy,64Hematology Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Oliver A. Cornely
- 2Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,3Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,65University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), Cologne, Germany,66University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany,67German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Livio Pagano
- 64Hematology Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hale M, Netland J, Chen Y, Thouvenel CD, Smith KN, Rich LM, Vanderwall ER, Miranda MC, Eggenberger J, Hao L, Watson MJ, Mundorff CC, Rodda LB, King NP, Guttman M, Gale M, Abraham J, Debley JS, Pepper M, Rawlings DJ. IgM antibodies derived from memory B cells are potent cross-variant neutralizers of SARS-CoV-2. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213384. [PMID: 35938988 PMCID: PMC9365875 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 can be supplemented with polyclonal sera from convalescent donors or an engineered monoclonal antibody (mAb) product. While pentameric IgM antibodies are responsible for much of convalescent sera's neutralizing capacity, all available mAbs are based on the monomeric IgG antibody subtype. We now show that IgM mAbs derived from immune memory B cell receptors are potent neutralizers of SARS-CoV-2. IgM mAbs outperformed clonally identical IgG antibodies across a range of affinities and SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain epitopes. Strikingly, efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 viral variants was retained for IgM but not for clonally identical IgG. To investigate the biological role for IgM memory in SARS-CoV-2, we also generated IgM mAbs from antigen-experienced IgM+ memory B cells in convalescent donors, identifying a potent neutralizing antibody. Our results highlight the therapeutic potential of IgM mAbs and inform our understanding of the role for IgM memory against a rapidly mutating pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malika Hale
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Jason Netland
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Yu Chen
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Lucille M. Rich
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Marcos C. Miranda
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Julie Eggenberger
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Linhui Hao
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael J. Watson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Lauren B. Rodda
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Neil P. King
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Miklos Guttman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Jonathan Abraham
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jason S. Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - David J. Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA,Correspondence to David J. Rawlings:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Sousa-Pereira P, Lanning DK, Esteves PJ, Spoerry C, Woof JM, Pinheiro A. Rabbit IgA Hinges That Resist IgA1 Protease Action Provide Options for Improved IgA-Based Therapeutic Agents. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907342. [PMID: 35784276 PMCID: PMC9247829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A provides a major line of defence against pathogens and plays a key role in the maintenance of the commensal microbiota in the intestinal tract. Having been shown to be more effective at tumour cell killing than IgG and strongly active against pathogens present in the mucosae, IgA antibodies have been attracting significant attention in recent years for use as therapeutic antibodies. To improve their therapeutic potential, bioengineered IgA forms with increased serum half-life and neutralizing abilities have been developed but the IgA hinge, which impacts susceptibility to bacterial proteases and ability to bridge between target and effector cells, has not yet been explored. The European rabbit has 15 IgA subclasses with exclusive hinge region motifs and varying lengths, constituting a unique model to evaluate the functional capabilities offered by incorporation of longer IgA hinges into immunoglobulins. Hinge regions from rabbit IgAs, featuring different lengths and sequences, were inserted into human IgA1 heavy chain to substitute the IgA1 hinge. These hinges did not appear to affect antigen binding nor the ability of the engineered chimeric IgA1 to bind and trigger FcαRI, as detected by IgA-mediated cell agglutination and release of superoxide by neutrophils. All rabbit hinge-human IgA1 hybrids were resistant to Clostridrum ramosum IgA protease enzyme digestion, as predicted by the lack of the cleavage site in the rabbit hinges. Some IgA1s featuring long rabbit hinges were cleaved by Neisseria meningitidis IgA1 protease cleavage type 1 or 2 enzymes, despite the lack of the predicted cleavage sites. More interestingly, the hybrid featuring the rabbit IgA15 hinge was not affected by any of the IgA proteases. The IgA15 hinge is longer than that found in human IgA1 and is composed by a unique motif with a stretch of nine consecutive Ser residues. These characteristics allow the preservation of a long hinge, with associated ability to bridge distantly spaced antigens and provide higher avidity binding, while remaining resistant to IgA protease degradation. The data suggest that the rabbit Cα15 hinge represents an interesting alternative hinge sequence for therapeutic human IgA antibodies that remains resistant to proteolytic cleavage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia de Sousa-Pereira
- CIBIO-UP, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis K. Lanning
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Pedro J. Esteves
- CIBIO-UP, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- CITS—Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias da Saúde, IPSN, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Christian Spoerry
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny M. Woof
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Pinheiro
- CIBIO-UP, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gong S, Gautam S, Coneglio JD, Scinto HB, Ruprecht RM. Antibody Light Chains: Key to Increased Monoclonal Antibody Yields in Expi293 Cells? Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:37. [PMID: 35645210 PMCID: PMC9149950 DOI: 10.3390/antib11020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
When constructing isogenic recombinant IgM-IgG pairs, we discovered that μ heavy chains strongly prefer partnering with λ light chains for optimal IgM expression in transiently cotransfected Expi293 cells. When μ chains were paired with κ light chains, IgM yields were low but increased by logs-up to 20,000 X-by using λ chains instead. Switching light chains did not alter epitope specificity. For dimeric IgA2, optimal expression involved pairing with λ chains, whereas light-chain preference varied for other immunoglobulin classes. In summary, recombinant IgM production can be drastically increased by using λ chains, an important finding in the use of IgM for mucosal immunoprophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Gong
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA or (S.G.); (S.G.); (J.D.C.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Seijal Gautam
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA or (S.G.); (S.G.); (J.D.C.)
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70503, USA
| | - Joshua D. Coneglio
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA or (S.G.); (S.G.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Hanna B. Scinto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Ruth M. Ruprecht
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA or (S.G.); (S.G.); (J.D.C.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70503, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Strohl WR, Ku Z, An Z, Carroll SF, Keyt BA, Strohl LM. Passive Immunotherapy Against SARS-CoV-2: From Plasma-Based Therapy to Single Potent Antibodies in the Race to Stay Ahead of the Variants. BioDrugs 2022; 36:231-323. [PMID: 35476216 PMCID: PMC9043892 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is now approaching 2 years old, with more than 440 million people infected and nearly six million dead worldwide, making it the most significant pandemic since the 1918 influenza pandemic. The severity and significance of SARS-CoV-2 was recognized immediately upon discovery, leading to innumerable companies and institutes designing and generating vaccines and therapeutic antibodies literally as soon as recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein sequence was available. Within months of the pandemic start, several antibodies had been generated, tested, and moved into clinical trials, including Eli Lilly's bamlanivimab and etesevimab, Regeneron's mixture of imdevimab and casirivimab, Vir's sotrovimab, Celltrion's regdanvimab, and Lilly's bebtelovimab. These antibodies all have now received at least Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) and some have received full approval in select countries. To date, more than three dozen antibodies or antibody combinations have been forwarded into clinical trials. These antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 all target the receptor-binding domain (RBD), with some blocking the ability of the RBD to bind human ACE2, while others bind core regions of the RBD to modulate spike stability or ability to fuse to host cell membranes. While these antibodies were being discovered and developed, new variants of SARS-CoV-2 have cropped up in real time, altering the antibody landscape on a moving basis. Over the past year, the search has widened to find antibodies capable of neutralizing the wide array of variants that have arisen, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. The recent rise and dominance of the Omicron family of variants, including the rather disparate BA.1 and BA.2 variants, demonstrate the need to continue to find new approaches to neutralize the rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 virus. This review highlights both convalescent plasma- and polyclonal antibody-based approaches as well as the top approximately 50 antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, their epitopes, their ability to bind to SARS-CoV-2 variants, and how they are delivered. New approaches to antibody constructs, including single domain antibodies, bispecific antibodies, IgA- and IgM-based antibodies, and modified ACE2-Fc fusion proteins, are also described. Finally, antibodies being developed for palliative care of COVID-19 disease, including the ramifications of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhiqiang Ku
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|