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Tsurusawa N, Chang J, Namba M, Makioka D, Yamura S, Iha K, Kyosei Y, Watabe S, Yoshimura T, Ito E. Modified ELISA for Ultrasensitive Diagnosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5197. [PMID: 34768717 PMCID: PMC8585087 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be used for quantitative measurement of proteins, and improving the detection sensitivity to the ultrasensitive level would facilitate the diagnosis of various diseases. In the present review article, we first define the term 'ultrasensitive'. We follow this with a survey and discussion of the current literature regarding modified ELISA methods with ultrasensitive detection and their application for diagnosis. Finally, we introduce our own newly devised system for ultrasensitive ELISA combined with thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cycling and its application for the diagnosis of infectious diseases and lifestyle-related diseases. The aim of the present article is to expand the application of ultrasensitive ELISAs in the medical and biological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Tsurusawa
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jyunhao Chang
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Mayuri Namba
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Daiki Makioka
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sou Yamura
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kanako Iha
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuta Kyosei
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
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Iha K, Kyosei Y, Namba M, Makioka D, Yamura S, Watabe S, Yoshimura T, Ito E. Zeptomole Detection of an Enzyme by a Simple Colorimetric Method. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1469-1472. [PMID: 33746140 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21n009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme immunoassay, in which an enzyme (e.g., alkaline phosphatase, ALP) is conjugated with an antibody, is a precise and simple protein detection method. Precise measurements of enzymes at low concentrations allow for ultrasensitive protein detection. The application of a phosphorylated substrate to ALP, followed by using a dephosphorylated substrate in thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide cycling, provides a simple and precise quantification of ALP. We describe a protocol for detecting ALP at the zeptomole level using a simple colorimetric method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Iha
- Department of Biology, Waseda University
| | | | | | | | - Sou Yamura
- Department of Biology, Waseda University
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University.,Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
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Kyosei Y, Namba M, Yamura S, Watabe S, Yoshimura T, Sasaki T, Shioda T, Ito E. Improved Detection Sensitivity of an Antigen Test for SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Proteins with Thio-NAD Cycling. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1332-1336. [PMID: 34148926 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antigen tests for infectious diseases are inexpensive and easy-to-use, but the limit of detection (LOD) is generally higher than that of PCR tests, which are considered the gold standard. In the present study, we combined a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (thio-NAD) cycling to improve the LOD of antigen tests for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). For recombinant nucleocapsid proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the LOD of our ELISA with thio-NAD cycling was 2.95 × 10-17 moles/assay. When UV-irradiated inactive SARS-CoV-2 was used, the minimum detectable virions corresponding to 2.6 × 104 RNA copies/assay were obtained using our ELISA with thio-NAD cycling. The assay volume for each test was 100 µL. The minimum detectable value was smaller than that of the latest antigen test using a fluorescent immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2, indicating the validity of our detection system for COVID-19 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sou Yamura
- Department of Biology, Waseda University
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Tadahiro Sasaki
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University.,Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
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Kyosei Y, Yamura S, Namba M, Yoshimura T, Watabe S, Ito E. Antigen tests for COVID-19. Biophys Physicobiol 2021; 18:28-39. [PMID: 33954080 PMCID: PMC8049777 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v18.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PCR diagnosis has been considered as the gold standard for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other many diseases. However, there are many problems in using PCR, such as non-specific (i.e., false-positive) and false-negative amplifications, the limits of a target sample volume, deactivation of the enzymes used, complicated techniques, difficulty in designing probe sequences, and the expense. We, thus, need an alternative to PCR, for example an ultrasensitive antigen test. In the present review, we summarize the following three topics. (1) The problems of PCR are outlined. (2) The antigen tests are surveyed in the literature that was published in 2020, and their pros and cons are discussed for commercially available antigen tests. (3) Our own antigen test on the basis of an ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is introduced. Finally, we discuss the possibility that our antigen test by an ultrasensitive ELISA technique will become the gold standard for diagnosis of COVID-19 and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kyosei
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Sou Yamura
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Mayuri Namba
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.,Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Sanmin, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
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Wang WH, Takeuchi R, Jain SH, Jiang YH, Watanuki S, Ohtaki Y, Nakaishi K, Watabe S, Lu PL, Ito E. A novel, rapid (within hours) culture-free diagnostic method for detecting live Mycobacterium tuberculosis with high sensitivity. EBioMedicine 2020; 60:103007. [PMID: 32949995 PMCID: PMC7501073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are widely used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB), but cannot discriminate live bacilli from dead bacilli. Live bacilli can be isolated by culture methods, but this is time-consuming. We developed a de novo TB diagnostic method that detects only live bacilli with high sensitivity within hours. METHODS A prospective study was performed in Taiwan from 2017 to 2018. Sputum was collected consecutively from 1102 patients with suspected TB infection. The sputum was pretreated and heated at 46°C for 1 h to induce the secretion of MPT64 protein from live Mycobacterium tuberculosis. MPT64 was detected with our ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) coupled with thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (thio-NAD) cycling. We compared our data with those obtained using a culture test (MGIT), a smear test (Kinyoun staining), and a NAAT (Xpert). FINDINGS The limit of detection for MPT64 in our culture-free ultrasensitive ELISA was 2.0 × 10-19 moles/assay. When the criterion for a positive response was set as an absorbance value ≥17 mAbs, this value corresponded to ca. 330 CFU/mL in the culture method - almost the same high-detection sensitivity as the culture method. To confirm that MPT64 is secreted from only live bacilli, M. bovis BCG was killed using 8 μg/mL rifampicin and then heated. Following this procedure, our method detected no MPT64. Our rapid ultra-sensitive ELISA-based method required only 5 h to complete. Comparing the results of our method with those of culture tests for 944 specimens revealed a sensitivity of 86.9% (93/107, 95% CI: 79.0-92.7%) and a specificity of 92.0% (770/837, 95% CI: 89.9-93.7%). The performance data were not significantly different (McNemar's test, P = 0.887) from those of the Xpert tests. In addition, at a ≥1+ titer in the smear test, the positive predictive value of our culture-free ultrasensitive ELISA tests was in a good agreement with that of the culture tests. Furthermore, our culture-free ultrasensitive ELISA test had better validity for drug effectiveness examination than Xpert tests because our test detected only live bacilli. INTERPRETATION Our culture-free ultrasensitive ELISA method detects only live TB bacilli with high sensitivity within hours, allowing for rapid diagnosis of TB and monitoring drug efficacy. FUNDING Matching Planner Program from JST (VP29117939087), the A-STEP Program from JST (AS3015096U), Waseda University grants for Specific Research Projects (2017A-015 and 2019C-123), the Precise Measurement Technology Promotion Foundation to E.I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hung Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 TzYou 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Rikiya Takeuchi
- R&D Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan
| | - Shu-Huei Jain
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 TzYou 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Huang Jiang
- R&D Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan
| | - Sonoko Watanuki
- R&D Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Ohtaki
- R&D Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakaishi
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan; Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan; Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 TzYou 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan.
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
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Kyosei Y, Namba M, Yamura S, Takeuchi R, Aoki N, Nakaishi K, Watabe S, Ito E. Proposal of De Novo Antigen Test for COVID-19: Ultrasensitive Detection of Spike Proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E594. [PMID: 32823866 PMCID: PMC7459804 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based antigen tests are technically difficult, time-consuming, and expensive, and may produce false negative results requiring follow-up confirmation with computed tomography. The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the demand for accurate, easy-to-use, rapid, and cost-effective antigen tests for clinical application. We propose a de novo antigen test for diagnosing COVID-19 using the combination of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and thio-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (thio-NAD) cycling. Our test takes advantage of the spike proteins specific to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The limit of detection of our test was 2.3 × 10-18 moles/assay. If the virus has ~25 spike proteins on its surface, our method should detect on the order of 10-20 moles of virus/assay, corresponding to ~104 copies of the virus RNA/assay. The detection sensitivity approaches that of PCR-based assays because the average virus RNA load used for PCR-based assays is ~105 copies per oro- or naso-pharyngeal swab specimen. To our knowledge, this is the first ultrasensitive antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins that can be performed with an easy-to-use microplate reader. Sufficient sensitivity can be achieved within 10 min of thio-NAD cycling. Our antigen test allows for rapid, cost-effective, specific, ultrasensitive, and simultaneous multiple measurements of SARS-CoV-2, and has broad application for the diagnosis for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kyosei
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.N.); (S.Y.)
| | - Mayuri Namba
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.N.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sou Yamura
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.N.); (S.Y.)
| | - Rikiya Takeuchi
- Research and Development Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 245-1 Doniwa, Shimizu, Sunto, Shizuoka 411-0903, Japan; (R.T.); (N.A.); (S.W.)
| | - Noriko Aoki
- Research and Development Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 245-1 Doniwa, Shimizu, Sunto, Shizuoka 411-0903, Japan; (R.T.); (N.A.); (S.W.)
| | - Kazunari Nakaishi
- Quality Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan;
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- Research and Development Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 245-1 Doniwa, Shimizu, Sunto, Shizuoka 411-0903, Japan; (R.T.); (N.A.); (S.W.)
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.N.); (S.Y.)
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shiquan 1st Rd., Sanmin, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
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Abstract
Accurate, rapid and simple detection methods are required to facilitate early diagnosis of various disorders including infectious and lifestyle diseases as well as cancer. These detection approaches reduce the window of infection, i.e., the period between infection and reliable detection. Optimally, these methods should target protein as an indicator of pathogenic microbes as well as other biomarkers. For example, although nucleic acid is easily detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), these markers are also present in dead microbes, and, in the case of mRNA, it is not known whether this target was successfully translated. Accordingly, early diagnostic approaches require the development of ultrasensitive protein detection methods. In this chapter, we introduce an ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which combines a traditional sandwich-based immunoassay with thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (thio-NAD) cycling. The performance characteristics of this unique approach are reviewed as well as its potential role in providing a novel and ultrasensitive diagnostic tool in the clinical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Kanako Iha
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakaishi
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., Izunokuni, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., Izunokuni, Japan
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Masson‐Meyers DS, Andrade TAM, Caetano GF, Guimaraes FR, Leite MN, Leite SN, Frade MAC. Experimental models and methods for cutaneous wound healing assessment. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 101:21-37. [PMID: 32227524 PMCID: PMC7306904 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing studies are intricate, mainly because of the multifaceted nature of the wound environment and the complexity of the healing process, which integrates a variety of cells and repair phases, including inflammation, proliferation, reepithelialization and remodelling. There are a variety of possible preclinical models, such as in mice, rabbits and pigs, which can be used to mimic acute or impaired for example, diabetic and nutrition-related wounds. These can be induced by many different techniques, with excision or incision being the most common. After determining a suitable model for a study, investigators need to select appropriate and reproducible methods that will allow the monitoring of the wound progression over time. The assessment can be performed by non-invasive protocols such as wound tracing, photographic documentation (including image analysis), biophysical techniques and/or by invasive protocols that will require wound biopsies. In this article, we provide an overview of some of the most often needed and used: (a) preclinical/animal models including incisional, excisional, burn and impaired wounds; (b) methods to evaluate the healing progression such as wound healing rate, wound analysis by image, biophysical assessment, histopathological, immunological and biochemical assays. The aim is to help researchers during the design and execution of their wound healing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S. Masson‐Meyers
- Marquette University School of DentistryMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoSao PauloBrazil
| | - Thiago A. M. Andrade
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoSao PauloBrazil
- Graduate Program of Biomedical SciencesUniversity Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation (FHO)ArarasSao PauloBrazil
| | - Guilherme F. Caetano
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoSao PauloBrazil
- Graduate Program of Biomedical SciencesUniversity Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation (FHO)ArarasSao PauloBrazil
| | - Francielle R. Guimaraes
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoSao PauloBrazil
- University Center of Associated Schools of Education (UNIFAE)São João da Boa VistaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Marcel N. Leite
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoSao PauloBrazil
| | - Saulo N. Leite
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoSao PauloBrazil
- University Center of the Educational Foundation Guaxupe (UNIFEG)GuaxupeMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Marco Andrey C. Frade
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoSao PauloBrazil
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Ultrasensitive ELISA Developed for Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9030078. [PMID: 31323782 PMCID: PMC6787603 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For the diagnosis of disease, the ability to quantitatively detect trace amounts of the causal proteins from bacteria/viruses as biomarkers in patient specimens is highly desirable. Here we introduce a simple, rapid, and colorimetric assay as a de novo, ultrasensitive detection method. This ultrasensitive assay consists of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (thio-NAD) cycling, forming an ultrasensitive ELISA, in which the signal substrate (i.e., thio-NADH) accumulates in a triangular manner, and the accumulated thio-NADH is measured at its maximum absorption wavelength of 405 nm. We have successfully achieved a limit of detection of ca. 10−18 moles/assay for a target protein. As an example of infectious disease detection, HIV-1 p24 could be measured at 0.0065 IU/assay (i.e., 10−18 moles/assay), and as a marker for a lifestyle-related disease, adiponectin could be detected at 2.3 × 10−19 moles/assay. In particular, despite the long-held belief that the trace amounts of adiponectin in urine can only be detected using a radioisotope, our ultrasensitive ELISA was able to detect urinary adiponectin. This method is highly versatile because simply changing the antibody enables the detection of various proteins. This assay system requires only the measurement of absorbance, thus it requires equipment that is easily obtained by medical facilities, which facilitates diagnosis in hospitals and clinics. Moreover, we describe an expansion of our ultrasensitive ELISA to a non-amplification nucleic acid detection method for nucleic acids using hybridization. These de novo methods will enable simple, rapid, and accurate diagnosis.
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Yamakado S, Cho H, Inada M, Morikawa M, Jiang YH, Saito K, Nakaishi K, Watabe S, Takagi H, Kaneda M, Nakatsuma A, Ninomiya M, Imachi H, Arai T, Yoshimoto T, Murao K, Chang JH, Chen SM, Shih YC, Zeng MJ, Ke LY, Chen CH, Yoshimura T, Miura T, Ito E. Urinary adiponectin as a new diagnostic index for chronic kidney disease due to diabetic nephropathy. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000661. [PMID: 31245009 PMCID: PMC6557464 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widely diagnosed on the basis of albuminuria and the glomerular filtration rate. A more precise diagnosis of CKD, however, requires the assessment of other factors. Urinary adiponectin recently attracted attention for CKD assessment, but evaluation is difficult due to the very low concentration of urinary adiponectin in normal subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We developed an ultrasensitive ELISA coupled with thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide cycling to detect trace amounts of proteins, which allows us to measure urinary adiponectin at the subattomole level. We measured urinary adiponectin levels in 59 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 24 subjects without DM (normal) to test our hypothesis that urinary adiponectin levels increase with progression of CKD due to DM. RESULTS The urinary adiponectin levels were 14.88±3.16 (ng/mg creatinine, mean±SEM) for patients with DM, and 3.06±0.33 (ng/mg creatinine) for normal subjects. The threshold between them was 4.0 ng/mg creatinine. The urinary adiponectin levels increased with an increase in the CKD risk. Furthermore, urinary adiponectin mainly formed a medium-molecular weight multimer (a hexamer) in patients with DM, whereas it formed only a low-molecular weight multimer (a trimer) in normal subjects. That is, the increase in urinary adiponectin in patients with DM led to the emergence of a medium-molecular weight form in urine. CONCLUSIONS Our new assay showed that urinary adiponectin could be a new diagnostic index for CKD. This assay is a non-invasive test using only urine, thus reducing the patient burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroki Cho
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikio Inada
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Morikawa
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yong-Huang Jiang
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Saito
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Watabe
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Takagi
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Mugiho Kaneda
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Nakatsuma
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Ninomiya
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hitomi Imachi
- Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Arai
- Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Koji Murao
- Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Jyun-Hao Chang
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Chen
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Shih
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Jing Zeng
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Aonuma H, Totani Y, Kaneda M, Nakamura R, Watanabe T, Hatakeyama D, Dyakonova VE, Lukowiak K, Ito E. Effects of 5-HT and insulin on learning and memory formation in food-deprived snails. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 148:20-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Mukunzi D, Isanga J, Suryoprabowo S, Liu L, Kuang H. Rapid and sensitive immunoassays for the detection of lomefloxacin and related drug residues in bovine milk samples. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1306495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mukunzi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Joel Isanga
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Steven Suryoprabowo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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