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Harutaichun P, Vongsirinavarat M, Sathianpantarit P, Thong-On S, Richards J. The clinical and biomechanical effects of customized foot orthoses in individuals with plantar heel pain: A pre-post intervention study. Gait Posture 2023; 105:163-170. [PMID: 37573761 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Customized foot orthoses (CFOs) are often recommended for the management of plantar heel pain. However, there is a lack of information regarding lower limb and multi-segment foot motion during gait. RESEARCH QUESTION This study aimed to determine the effects of heat moulded CFOs on foot and lower limb kinematics when compared with prefabricated foot orthoses (PFOs) and wearing no orthoses (shod condition), and to determine the short-term effects of CFOs on pain intensity and foot function. METHODS The immediate effects of CFOs on the lower limb and multi-segment foot motion were assessed. Participants were then asked to use the CFOs for one month and foot pain, function, and temporal-spatial parameters were assessed at baseline and at one month follow up. RESULTS Thirty-five participants (22 females), aged 40.1 (10.5) years, with a mean duration of symptoms of 12.59 months were recruited. The symptomatic limbs showed a higher forefoot varus angle and greater rearfoot and forefoot corrections were required compared to the non-symptomatic limbs. When compared with PFOs and shod conditions, CFOs provided the least forefoot and knee motion in the transverse plane during contact phase (P < 0.05, d=0.844-1.720), least rearfoot motion in the coronal plane during midstance (P < 0.05, d=0.652), and least forefoot motion in the frontal plane, knee motion in the transverse plane, and hallux motion during the propulsive phase (P < 0.05, d=0.921-1.513). Significant improvements were seen for foot pain and function (P < 0.05, d=1.390-2.231) with significant increases in cadence and walking velocity after one month of CFO use (P < 0.05, d=0.315-0.353), and those most likely to respond had greater pain and less ankle eversion (P < 0.05, d=0.855-1.115). SIGNIFICANCE CFOs appear to improve pathological biomechanics associated with plantar heel pain. After one month follow up, the CFOs decreased pain intensity and increased foot function, and showed significant improvements in temporal and spatial parameters of gait.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jim Richards
- Faculty of Allied Health and Well-being, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
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2
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Sancho-Bru JL, Sanchis-Sales E, Rodríguez-Cervantes PJ, Vergés-Salas C. Foot Sole Contact Forces vs. Ground Contact Forces to Obtain Foot Joint Moments for In-Shoe Gait-A Preliminary Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6744. [PMID: 37571530 PMCID: PMC10422389 DOI: 10.3390/s23156744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In-shoe models are required to extend the clinical application of current multisegment kinetic models of the bare foot to study the effect of foot orthoses. Work to date has only addressed marker placement for reliable kinematic analyses. The purpose of this study is to address the difficulties of recording contact forces with available sensors. Ten participants walked 5 times wearing two different types of footwear by stepping on a pressure platform (ground contact forces) while wearing in-shoe pressure sensors (foot sole contact forces). Pressure data were segmented by considering contact cells' anteroposterior location, and were used to compute 3D moments at foot joints. The mean values and 95% confidence intervals were plotted for each device per shoe condition. The peak values and times of forces and moments were computed per participant and trial under each condition, and were compared using mixed-effect tests. Test-retest reliability was analyzed by means of intraclass correlation coefficients. The curve profiles from both devices were similar, with higher joint moments for the instrumented insoles at the metatarsophalangeal joint (~26%), which were lower at the ankle (~8%) and midtarsal (~15%) joints, although the differences were nonsignificant. Not considering frictional forces resulted in ~20% lower peaks at the ankle moments compared to previous studies, which employed force plates. The device affected both shoe conditions in the same way, which suggests the interchangeability of measuring joint moments with one or the other device. This hypothesis was reinforced by the intraclass correlation coefficients, which were higher for the peak values, although only moderate-to-good. In short, both considered alternatives have drawbacks. Only the instrumented in-soles provided direct information about foot contact forces, but it was incomplete (evidenced by the difference in ankle moments between devices). However, recording ground reaction forces offers the advantage of enabling the consideration of contact friction forces (using force plates in series, or combining a pressure platform and a force plate to estimate friction forces and torque), which are less invasive than instrumented insoles (which may affect subjects' gait).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín L. Sancho-Bru
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain;
| | - Enrique Sanchis-Sales
- Departmental Section of Podiatry, Nursing Department, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Carles Vergés-Salas
- Departmental Section of Podiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
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Hébert-Losier K, Dai B, Nunome H, Kong PW, Hobara H, Hsu WC, Bradshaw EJ, Fong DTP, Vanwanseele B. Reporting guidelines for running biomechanics and footwear studies using three-dimensional motion capture. Sports Biomech 2023; 22:473-484. [PMID: 36097884 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hébert-Losier
- Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, Adams Centre for High Performance, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Boyi Dai
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Nunome
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Pui Wah Kong
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hiroaki Hobara
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei-Chun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth J Bradshaw
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.,Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel T P Fong
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Benedicte Vanwanseele
- Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, KU, Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Perrin TP, Morio CYM, Besson T, Kerhervé HA, Millet GY, Rossi J. Comparison of skin and shoe marker placement on metatarsophalangeal joint kinematics and kinetics during running. J Biomech 2023; 146:111410. [PMID: 36529092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of marker placement (skin- vs shoe-mounted) on metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) kinematics and kinetics during running. Fifteen trained men ran on a 15-m track at 10 and 13 km/h with three (low, standard and high stiffness) shoe longitudinal bending stiffnesses (LBS). Reflective markers were fixed on the shoe upper, and on the skin using holes cut in the shoe. Three-dimensional marker positions and ground reaction forces were recorded at 200 and 2000 Hz, respectively. Kinematic and kinetic parameters were analyzed using one-dimensional metrics (statistical parametric mapping). MTP joint was less dorsiflexed at midstance ([57% to 100%] of braking phase and [0% to 48%] of pushing phase), and the MTP joint plantarflexion moment was higher ([22% to 55%] of pushing phase) with the shoe markerset in comparison with the skin markerset. The effect of LBS on MTP angle was found to be significant for a larger percentage of each stride using the shoe markerset compared to the skin markerset. However, the effect of LBS on plantarflexion moment was significant with the shoe markerset only. The effect of running speed on MTP angle was significant for a larger percentage of each stride with the skin markerset. This study demonstrates that the placement of markers influences the measurement of MTP kinematics and kinetics and that these effects are mediated by other variables such as LBS or running speed. It is concluded that the shoe markerset does not fully reflect the movement of the MTP joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Perrin
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - C Y M Morio
- Decathlon SportsLab, Movement Sciences Department, Lille, France
| | - T Besson
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - H A Kerhervé
- Univ Rennes, M2S - EA 7470, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - G Y Millet
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - J Rossi
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
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Ma R, Lam WK, Ding R, Yang F, Qu F. Effects of Shoe Midfoot Bending Stiffness on Multi-Segment Foot Kinematics and Ground Reaction Force during Heel-Toe Running. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100520. [PMID: 36290488 PMCID: PMC9598119 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated how midfoot stiffness of running shoes influences foot segment kinematics and ground reaction force (GRF) during heel-toe running. Nineteen male rearfoot strike runners performed overground heel-toe running at 3.3 m/s when wearing shoes with different midfoot bending stiffnesses (low, medium, and high) in a randomized order. A synchronized motion capture system (200 Hz) and force plate (1000 Hz) were used to collect the foot-marker trajectories and GRF data. Foot kinematics, including rearfoot-lab, midfoot-rearfoot, forefoot-rearfoot, and forefoot-midfoot interactions, and kinetics, including GRF characteristics, were analyzed. Our results indicated that high midfoot stiffness shoes reduced the forefoot-rearfoot range of motion (mean ± SD; high stiffness, 7.8 ± 2.0°, low stiffness, 8.7 ± 2.1°; p < 0.05) and forefoot-midfoot range of motion (mean ± SD; high stiffness, 4.2 ± 1.1°, medium stiffness, 4.6 ± 0.9°; p < 0.05) in the frontal plane. No differences were found in the GRF characteristics among the shoe conditions. These findings suggest that an increase in midsole stiffness only in the midfoot region can reduce intersegmental foot medial-lateral movements during the stance phase of running. This may further decrease the tension of the foot muscles and tendons during prolonged exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiya Ma
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wing-Kai Lam
- Sports Information and External Affairs Center, Hong Kong Sports Institute, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Company Limited, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Company Limited, Beijing 101111, China
- School of Sports Science, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Feng Qu
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6298-9583
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Ataabadi PA, Abbassi A, Letafatkar A, Vanwanseele B. The effects of foot orthosis and low-dye tape on lower limb joint angles and moments during running in individuals with pes planus. Gait Posture 2022; 96:154-159. [PMID: 35660425 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pes Planus or Flat feet is one of the most common lower limb abnormalities. When runners with this abnormality participate in recreational running, interventional therapies could help in pain alleviation and enhance performance. To determine the most effective treatment, however, a biomechanical examination of the effects of each treatment modality is required. RESEARCH QUESTION The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Foot Orthoses (FOs) and Low-Dye Tape (LDT) on lower limb joint angles and moments during running in individuals with pes planus. METHODS kinematic and kinetic data of 20 young people with pes planus were measured during running in three conditions: (1) SHOD (2) with shoes and FOs (3) with shoes and LDT. One-way repeated measure ANOVA was used to investigate the impacts of the FOs and LDT on the lower limb joint angles and moments throughout the stance phase of the running cycle. RESULTS The results showed that FOs reduced ankle eversion compared to SHOD and LDT (P < 0.001) and decreased the dorsiflexion angle (P = 0.005) and the plantarflexor moment compared to the SHOD (P < 0.001). FOs increased knee adduction angle (P = 0.021) and knee external rotator moment (P < 0.001) compared to both conditions and increased knee extensor and abductor moments compared to SHOD (P < 0.001). At the hip joint, FOs only increased hip external rotation compared with the LDT condition (P = 0.031); and LDT increased hip extensor moment compared to SHOD and FOs (P = 0.037) and also increased hip adduction angle compared to SHOD (P = 0.037). SIGNIFICANCE FOs with a medial wedge appears to increase the external knee adduction moment and knee adduction angles, which are risk factors for the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis. Further, usage of FOs seems to reduce the ankle joint role in propulsion as it impacts the ankle sagittal angles and moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Aghaie Ataabadi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Abbassi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Letafatkar
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Benedicte Vanwanseele
- Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Hébert-Losier K, Finlayson SJ, Lamb PF, Driller MW, Hanzlíková I, Dubois B, Esculier JF, Beaven CM. Kinematics of recreational male runners in "super", minimalist and habitual shoes. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1426-1435. [PMID: 35699253 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2081767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We conducted an exploratory analysis to compare running kinematics of 16 male recreational runners wearing Nike Vaporfly 4% (VP4), Saucony Endorphin racing flat (FLAT), and their habitual (OWN) footwear. We also explored potential relationships between kinematic and physiological changes. Runners (age: 33 ± 12 y, V˙ O2peak: 55.2 ± 4.3 ml · kg-1·min-1) attended 3 sessions after completing an V˙ O2peak test in which sagittal plane 3D kinematics at submaximal running speeds (60%, 70% and 80% ʋ V˙ O2peak) were collected alongside economy measures. Kinematics were compared using notched boxplots, and between-shoe kinematic differences were plotted against between-shoe economy differences. Across intensities, VP4 involved longer flight times (6.7 to 10.0 ms) and lower stance hip range of motion (~3°), and greater vertical pelvis displacement than FLAT (~0.4 cm). Peak dorsiflexion angles (~2°), ankle range of motion (1.0° to 3.9°), and plantarflexion velocities (11.3 to 89.0 deg · sec-1) were greatest in FLAT and lowest in VP4. Foot-ground angles were smaller in FLAT (2.5° to 3.6°). Select kinematic variables were moderately related to economy, with higher step frequencies and shorter step lengths in VP4 and FLAT associated with improved economy versus OWN. Footwear changes from OWN altered running kinematics. The most pronounced differences were observed in ankle, spatiotemporal, and foot-ground angle variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hébert-Losier
- Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand.,Research & Development, The Running Clinic, Lac Beauport, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven J Finlayson
- Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Peter F Lamb
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Matthew W Driller
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ivana Hanzlíková
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Blaise Dubois
- Research & Development, The Running Clinic, Lac Beauport, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Esculier
- Research & Development, The Running Clinic, Lac Beauport, Québec, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher Martyn Beaven
- Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
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Harradine P, Gates L, Metcalf C, Bowen C. Podiatrists' views and experiences of using real time clinical gait analysis in the assessment and treatment of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. J Foot Ankle Res 2021; 14:42. [PMID: 34088353 PMCID: PMC8176680 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-021-00482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Real time clinical gait analysis (RTCGA) is often incorporated as part of a general or lower limb musculoskeletal (MSK) adult patient assessment. However, it is not known if RTCGA is clinically effective as a useful outcome measure or aids in decision making. Whether there is a clinical worth in conducting RTCGA in adult MSK consultations remains controversial. The aim of this study was to provide unique insights into MSK podiatrists use and opinions of RTCGA, using Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD) as an exemplar adult condition. Methods A qualitative approach was employed to explore MSK podiatrists’ views and experiences of RTCGA when assessing or treating patients with PTTD. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via Skype video calls which were transcribed using an orthographic transcription method. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key meanings and report patterns within the data. Results Twenty nine MSK podiatrists who used RTCGA in the assessment and treatment of PTTD participated in the study. Five themes were identified as 1) RTCGA Method; 2) Working with RTCGA; 3) RTCGA uses; 4) What could aid RTCGA; 5) How RTCGA skills are acquired. This is the first known study to explore this topic of relevance to clinicians and researchers alike. Clinical observations were not only kinematic, but also included patient perceived experiences such as pain and orthotic comfort with normative kinematic reference values not perceived as important to that management goal. The most common barefoot RTCGA observations performed were the rearfoot to leg angle, medial bulge, forefoot abduction and arch integrity. However, a high amount of variation in many gait observations was noted between participants. Documentation methods also varied with a four-point scale system to grade motion and position most often employed and RTCGA was most often learnt through experience. The main barriers to performing RTCGA were clinical time and space restrictions. Conclusion Findings from this study have provided a view of how podiatry MSK clinicians utilise RTCGA within their practice. MSK podiatrists use RTCGA as both an outcome measure and as an aid in decision making. This implies a perceived worth in conducting RTCGA, however further work is recommended that focusses on development of a national guideline to RTCGA to be adopted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13047-021-00482-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Harradine
- The Podiatry Centre, 77 Chatsworth Ave, Hants, PO6 2UH, Portsmouth, UK.
| | - Lucy Gates
- University of Southampton, University Road , Hants, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Cheryl Metcalf
- University of Southampton, University Road , Hants, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Catherine Bowen
- University of Southampton, University Road , Hants, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
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Pryhoda MK, Wathen RJ, Dicharry J, Shelburne KB, Feeney D, Harrison K, Davidson BS. Alternative upper configurations during agility-based movements: part 1, biomechanical performance. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2020.1853824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moira K. Pryhoda
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Human Dynamics Laboratory, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Rachel J. Wathen
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Human Dynamics Laboratory, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jay Dicharry
- REP Biomechanics Lab, Rebound Physical Therapy, Bend, OR, USA
| | - Kevin B. Shelburne
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Human Dynamics Laboratory, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Daniel Feeney
- Performance Fit Laboratory, BOA Technology Inc, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Bradley S. Davidson
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Human Dynamics Laboratory, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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Schmitthenner D, Sweeny C, Du J, Martin AE. The Effect of Stiff Foot Plate Length on Walking Gait Mechanics. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:091012. [PMID: 32280960 DOI: 10.1115/1.4046882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Exoskeletons are increasingly being used to treat gait pathologies. Many of these exoskeletons use a foot plate to actuate the foot, altering the effective stiffness of the foot. Stiffness of the biological foot and ankle plays an important role in the energy modulating function of the leg, so it is important to examine how a foot plate in and of itself impacts gait. Therefore, this study quantified how foot plates themselves alter the walking gait of 16 healthy young adults. The effect of the foot plate length was also examined through the use of two foot plates, one that ended at the metatarsals and one that extended past the toes, about 20% longer. Gait parameters examined included walking speed, step frequency, joint angles for the hip, knee, ankle, forefoot, and toe, ground reaction forces (GRF), and foot-ankle power. The most significant changes were caused by the full plate, which caused an average 13% decrease in the ankle range of motion (ROM) and a 23% decrease in forward GRF at push off. The shorter plate also decreased ankle ROM to a lesser degree. This indicates that the presence of a foot plate impacted foot and ankle kinematics. However, the presence of the tested foot plate had no effect on walking speed or hip or knee kinematics. This indicates that subjects were mostly able to compensate both kinematically and energetically via their foot and ankle for the increased foot stiffness due to the tested foot plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Schmitthenner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Carolyn Sweeny
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Anne E Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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11
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Brinkmann DJ, Koerger H, Gollhofer A, Gehring D. Effect of Forefoot and Midfoot Bending Stiffness on Agility Performance and Foot Biomechanics in Soccer. J Appl Biomech 2020; 36:96-102. [PMID: 32101791 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2019-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Footwear bending stiffness is known to positively affect performance in agility maneuvers due to improved energy storage and propulsion based on a stiffer foot-shoe complex. However, the functional properties of the forefoot and midfoot differ. Therefore, the present study investigates the effect of the interface of longitudinal bending stiffness and the ratio of forefoot to midfoot bending stiffness on agility performance and foot biomechanics. A total of 18 male soccer players performed 2 agility tasks in footwear conditions that were systematically modified in forefoot and midfoot bending stiffness. Results revealed that higher longitudinal bending stiffness caused more foot exorotation at the initial ground contact (P < .05), less torsion (P < .001), and an anterior shift in the point of force application during push off (P = .01). In addition, the authors observed decreased forefoot bending (P < .05) and increased torsion (P < .01) in footwear with a higher forefoot-midfoot ratio. Finally, the agility performance was significantly impaired by 1.3% in the condition with the highest forefoot-midfoot ratio (P < .01). The high forefoot-midfoot ratio, that is, a stiff forefoot in combination with a soft midfoot, seemed to shift the flex line from anterior to posterior that may explain the performance impairment.
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12
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McHenry BD, Kruger KM, Exten EL, Tarima S, Harris GF. Sagittal subtalar and talocrural joint assessment between barefoot and shod walking: A fluoroscopic study. Gait Posture 2019; 72:57-61. [PMID: 31151088 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While wearing shoes is common in daily activities, most foot kinematic models report results on barefoot conditions. It is difficult to describe foot position inside shoes. This study used fluoroscopic images to determine talocrural and subtalar motion. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the differences in sagittal talocrual and subtalar kinematics between walking barefoot and while wearing athletic walking shoes? METHODS Thirteen male subjects (mean age 22.9 ± 2.9 years, mean weight 77.2 ± 6.9 kg, mean height 178.2 ± 3.7 cm) screened for normal gait were tested. A fluoroscopy unit was used to collect images during stance. Sagittal motion of the talocrural and subtalar joints of the right foot were analyzed barefoot and in an athletic walking shoe. RESULTS Shod talocrural position at heel strike was 6.0° of dorsiflexion and shod peak talocrural plantarflexion was 4.2°. Barefoot talocrural plantarflexion at heel strike was 4.2° and barefoot peak talocrural plantarflexion was 10.9°. Shod subtalar position at heel strike was 2.6° of plantarflexion and peak subtalar dorsiflexion was 1.5°. The barefoot subtalar joint at heel strike was in 0.4° dorsiflexion and barefoot peak subtalar dorsiflexion was 3.5°. As the result of wearing shoes, average walking speed and stride length increased and average cadence decreased. Comparing barefoot to shod walking there was a statistical significance in talocrural dorsiflexion and at heel strike and peak talocrural dorsiflexion, subtalar plantarflexion at heel strike and peak subtalar dorsiflexion, walking speed, stride length, and cadence. SIGNIFICANCE This work demonstrates the ability to directly measure talocrural and subtalar kinematics of shod walking using fluoroscopy. Future work using this methodology can be used to increase understanding of hindfoot kinematics during a variety of non-barefoot activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D McHenry
- Marquette University/The Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1515 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, United States
| | - Karen M Kruger
- Marquette University/The Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1515 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, United States; Shriners Hospitals for Children-Chicago, 2211 North Oak Park Ave., Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Emily L Exten
- OhioHealth Mansfield Campus, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 335 Glessner Ave, Mansfield, OH 44903, United States
| | - Sergey Tarima
- Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Gerald F Harris
- Marquette University/The Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1515 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, United States; Shriners Hospitals for Children-Chicago, 2211 North Oak Park Ave., Chicago, IL, United States
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13
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McDonald KA, Honert EC, Cook OS, Zelik KE. Unholey shoes: Experimental considerations when estimating ankle joint complex power during walking and running. J Biomech 2019; 92:61-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Bishop C. Dual density midsole design improves running economy and performance when fatigued. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2019.1606289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bishop
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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15
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Peikenkamp K, Löbbecke F, Deters P. Measurement of torsion in running shoes – a pilot study. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2019.1606089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Peikenkamp
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Physical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Münster, Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Florian Löbbecke
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Physical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Münster, Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Philipp Deters
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Physical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Münster, Steinfurt, Germany
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16
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Desmyttere G, Hajizadeh M, Bleau J, Begon M. Effect of foot orthosis design on lower limb joint kinematics and kinetics during walking in flexible pes planovalgus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2018; 59:117-129. [PMID: 30227277 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot orthoses are commonly used for the management of excessive foot pronation in people with pes planovalgus. However, results are inconsistent due to variability in orthosis geometrical designs. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to classify and investigate the effects of foot orthoses, based on their design, in terms of lower limb kinematics and kinetics in people with pes planovalgus. METHODS Electronic databases were searched up until August 2017. Peer-reviewed journal studies including adult participants with flexible pes planovalgus and reporting kinematics and kinetics effects of foot orthoses during walking were included and classified based on the orthosis design. Eleven studies were retained and assessed according to methodological (mean 76.1%; range [63.2%-84.2%] - high) and biomechanical (mean 71.6%; range [44.4%-100%] - moderate) qualities. Meta-analysis was performed by calculating the effect size, using standardized mean differences, between control and orthotics conditions. FINDINGS Meta-analysis revealed less rearfoot eversion with the use of foot orthoses including medial forefoot or both forefoot and rearfoot posting. However, no significant effect of foot orthoses with arch support and neutral rearfoot posting to control excessive foot pronation were found. In terms of kinetics, none of the foot orthoses showed effects. INTERPRETATION Using medial posting is the most effective foot orthotic feature to reduce the peak rearfoot eversion and to control excessive foot pronation. Nevertheless, heterogeneity between study protocols contributes to the low evidences of foot orthoses effects on kinematics and kinetics during walking in people with pes planovalgus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauthier Desmyttere
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Campus Laval, 1700 rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval H7N 0B6, QC, Canada.
| | - Maryam Hajizadeh
- Institut de Génie Biomédical, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Campus Laval, 1700 rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval H7N 0B6, QC, Canada
| | - Jacinte Bleau
- Laboratoire Orthopédique Médicus, 5135 10e avenue, Montréal H1Y 2G5, QC, Canada
| | - Mickael Begon
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Campus Laval, 1700 rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval H7N 0B6, QC, Canada; Institut de Génie Biomédical, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Campus Laval, 1700 rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval H7N 0B6, QC, Canada
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Bishop C, Thewlis D, Hillier S. Custom foot orthoses improve first-step pain in individuals with unilateral plantar fasciopathy: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:222. [PMID: 30021556 PMCID: PMC6052580 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot orthoses are routinely used to treat plantar fasciopathy in clinical practice. However, minimal evidence exists as to the effect of both truly custom designed foot orthoses, as well as that of the shoe the foot orthoses are placed into. This study investigated the effect of wearing custom foot orthoses and new athletic footwear on first-step pain, average 24-h pain and plantar fascia thickness in people with unilateral plantar fasciopathy over 12 weeks. METHODS A parallel, three-arm randomised controlled trial with blinding of participants and assessors. 60 participants diagnosed with unilateral plantar fasciopathy were randomised to either custom foot orthoses and new shoes (orthoses group), a sham insole with a new shoes (shoe group) or a sham insole placed in the participant's regular shoes (control group). Primary outcome was first-step pain. Secondary outcomes were average 24-h pain and plantar fascia thickness measured on ultrasound. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 4 week and 12 week trial time-points. RESULTS At 4 weeks, the orthoses group reported less first-step pain (p = 0.002) compared to the control group. At 12 weeks, the orthoses group reported less first-step pain compared to both the shoe (p = < 0.001) and sham (p = 0.01) groups. Both the orthoses (p = < 0.001) and shoe (p = 0.006) groups reported less average 24-h pain compared to the control group at 4 and 12 weeks. The orthoses group demonstrated reduced plantar fascia thickness on ultrasound compared to both the shoe (p = 0.032) and control groups (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Custom foot orthoses in new shoes improve first-step pain and reduce plantar fascia thickness over a period of 12 weeks compared to new shoes alone or a sham intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( ACTRN 12613000446763 ). Submitted on the 10th of April 2013 and registered on the 18th of April 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bishop
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, East Campus, North Terrace, SA 5000 Australia
| | - Dominic Thewlis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, East Campus, North Terrace, SA 5000 Australia
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Susan Hillier
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Alcantara RS, Trudeau MB, Rohr ES. Calcaneus range of motion underestimated by markers on running shoe heel. Gait Posture 2018; 63:68-72. [PMID: 29723650 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of rearfoot kinematics by placing reflective markers on the shoe heel assumes its motion is identical to the foot's motion. Studies have compared foot and shoe kinematics during running but with conflicting results. The primary purpose of this study was to compare shoe and calcaneus three-dimensional range of motion during running. A secondary purpose was to determine the effect of a less rigid heel counter on tibia motion. RESEARCH QUESTION Do markers placed on the shoe heel accurately represent calcaneus kinematics during running? METHODS Three-dimensional coordinate data were collected on 14 subjects (M/F: 9/5) who ran on an instrumented treadmill at 3.35 m/s under four conditions: modified/intact neutral shoes, and modified/intact support shoes. Shoes were modified by placing holes through the heel to allow for shoe heel and calcaneus coordinate data to be collected simultaneously via reflective markers on the shoe and on the skin of the heel within the shoe. Calcaneus, shoe heel, and tibia ROM were calculated from 0 to 50% stance phase and compared across shoe conditions. RESULTS Calcaneal frontal plane ROM was significantly greater than neutral and support shoe heel ROM (p < 0.001). Calcaneus ROM was also significantly greater than shoe heel ROM in the transverse (p < 0.001) and sagittal (p < 0.001) planes. No change in tibial transverse plane ROM was observed (p = 0.346) across shoe heel conditions. SIGNIFICANCE Shoe markers significantly underestimated calcaneus ROM across all planes of motion. These findings suggest calcaneus kinematics cannot be accurately measured with markers placed solely on the shoe heel. Additionally, the required modifications to the shoe's heel had no effect on tibia ROM in the transverse plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Alcantara
- Human Performance Laboratory, Brooks Running Company, 3400 Stone Way N, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98103 United States.
| | - Matthieu B Trudeau
- Human Performance Laboratory, Brooks Running Company, 3400 Stone Way N, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98103 United States
| | - Eric S Rohr
- Human Performance Laboratory, Brooks Running Company, 3400 Stone Way N, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98103 United States
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19
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Langley B, Cramp M, Morrison SC. The influence of running shoes on inter-segmental foot kinematics. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2018.1448005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Langley
- Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Mary Cramp
- HAS – Allied Health Professions, University of West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Stewart C. Morrison
- Health Sciences, College of Life, Health and Physical Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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20
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Eerdekens M, Staes F, Pilkington T, Deschamps K. A novel magnet based 3D printed marker wand as basis for repeated in-shoe multi segment foot analysis: a proof of concept. J Foot Ankle Res 2017; 10:38. [PMID: 28828038 PMCID: PMC5563002 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-017-0220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Application of in-shoe multi-segment foot kinematic analyses currently faces a number of challenges, including: (i) the difficulty to apply regular markers onto the skin, (ii) the necessity for an adequate shoe which fits various foot morphologies and (iii) the need for adequate repeatability throughout a repeated measure condition. The aim of this study therefore was to design novel magnet based 3D printed markers for repeated in-shoe measurements while using accordingly adapted modified shoes for a specific multi-segment foot model. Methods Multi-segment foot kinematics of ten participants were recorded and kinematics of hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot were calculated. Dynamic trials were conducted to check for intra and inter-session repeatability when combining novel markers and modified shoes in a repeated measures design. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to determine reliability. Results Both repeatability and reliability were proven to be good to excellent with maximum joint angle deviations of 1.11° for intra-session variability and 1.29° for same-day inter-session variability respectively and ICC values of >0.91. Conclusion The novel markers can be reliably used in future research settings using in-shoe multi-segment foot kinematic analyses with multiple shod conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Eerdekens
- Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, UZ Pellenberg, Weligerveld 1, 3212 Lubbeek, Belgium
| | - Filip Staes
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, KULeuven, Tervuursevest 101, B-3001 Leuven, Heverlee Belgium
| | | | - Kevin Deschamps
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, KULeuven, Tervuursevest 101, B-3001 Leuven, Heverlee Belgium.,Institut D'Enseignement Supérieur Parnasse Deux-Alice, Division of Podiatry, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Department of Podiatry, Artevelde University College, Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Bishop C, Hillier S, Thewlis D. The reliability of the Adelaide in-shoe foot model. Gait Posture 2017; 56:1-7. [PMID: 28463819 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biomechanics of the foot is essential for many areas of research and clinical practice such as orthotic interventions and footwear development. Despite the widespread attention paid to the biomechanics of the foot during gait, what largely remains unknown is how the foot moves inside the shoe. This study investigated the reliability of the Adelaide In-Shoe Foot Model, which was designed to quantify in-shoe foot kinematics and kinetics during walking. Intra-rater reliability was assessed in 30 participants over five walking trials whilst wearing shoes during two data collection sessions, separated by one week. Sufficient reliability for use was interpreted as a coefficient of multiple correlation and intra-class correlation coefficient of >0.61. Inter-rater reliability was investigated separately in a second sample of 10 adults by two researchers with experience in applying markers for the purpose of motion analysis. The results indicated good consistency in waveform estimation for most kinematic and kinetic data, as well as good inter-and intra-rater reliability. The exception is the peak medial ground reaction force, the minimum abduction angle and the peak abduction/adduction external hindfoot joint moments which resulted in less than acceptable repeatability. Based on our results, the Adelaide in-shoe foot model can be used with confidence for 24 commonly measured biomechanical variables during shod walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bishop
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Australia.
| | - Susan Hillier
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence (iCAHE), University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Dominic Thewlis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Australia
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22
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Trudeau MB, Jewell C, Rohr E, Fischer KM, Willwacher S, Brueggemann GP, Hamill J. The calcaneus adducts more than the shoe's heel during running. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2017.1334712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carl Jewell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Eric Rohr
- Brooks Running Company, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katina Mira Fischer
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steffen Willwacher
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Joseph Hamill
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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23
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BISHOP CHRISTOPHER, ARNOLD JOHNB, MAY THOMAS. Effects of Taping and Orthoses on Foot Biomechanics in Adults with Flat-Arched Feet. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:689-96. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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24
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Halstead J, Keenan AM, Chapman GJ, Redmond AC. The feasibility of a modified shoe for multi-segment foot motion analysis: a preliminary study. J Foot Ankle Res 2016; 9:7. [PMID: 26913080 PMCID: PMC4765151 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-016-0138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of multi-segment kinematic foot studies have been limited to barefoot conditions, because shod conditions have the potential for confounding surface-mounted markers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a shoe modified with a webbed upper can accommodate multi-segment foot marker sets without compromising kinematic measurements under barefoot and shod conditions. Methods Thirty participants (15 controls and 15 participants with midfoot pain) underwent gait analysis in two conditions; barefoot and wearing a shoe (shod) in a random order. The shod condition employed a modified shoe (rubber plimsoll) with a webbed upper, allowing skin mounted reflective markers to be visualised through slits in the webbed material. Three dimensional foot kinematics were captured using the Oxford multi-segment foot model whilst participants walked at a self-selected speed. Results The foot pain group showed greater hindfoot eversion and less hindfoot dorsiflexion than controls in the barefoot condition and these differences were maintained when measured in the shod condition. Differences between the foot pain and control participants were also observed for walking speed in the barefoot and in the shod conditions. No significant differences between foot pain and control groups were demonstrated at the forefoot in either condition. Conclusions Subtle differences between pain and control groups, which were found during barefoot walking are retained when wearing the modified shoe. The novel properties of the modified shoe offers a potential solution for the use of passive infrared based motion analysis for shod applications, for instance to investigate the kinematic effect of foot orthoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Halstead
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, 2nd Floor, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Harehills Lane, Leeds, LS7 4SA UK
| | - A M Keenan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, 2nd Floor, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Harehills Lane, Leeds, LS7 4SA UK ; NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK ; Arthritis Research UK Experimental Arthritis Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - G J Chapman
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, 2nd Floor, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Harehills Lane, Leeds, LS7 4SA UK ; NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK ; Arthritis Research UK Experimental Arthritis Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - A C Redmond
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, 2nd Floor, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Harehills Lane, Leeds, LS7 4SA UK ; NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK ; Arthritis Research UK Experimental Arthritis Centre, Leeds, UK ; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nottingham, UK ; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Oxford, UK ; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Loughborough, UK ; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Leeds, UK
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Sterzing T, Custoza G, Ding R, Cheung JTM. Segmented midsole hardness in the midfoot to forefoot region of running shoes alters subjective perception and biomechanics during heel-toe running revealing potential to enhance footwear. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2015.1008589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Sterzing
- Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Co., Ltd, Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Beijing, 101111 China
| | - Giuliano Custoza
- Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Co., Ltd, Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Beijing, 101111 China
- German Sport University, Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rui Ding
- Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Co., Ltd, Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Beijing, 101111 China
| | - Jason Tak-Man Cheung
- Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Co., Ltd, Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Beijing, 101111 China
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26
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Barton CJ, Kappel SL, Ahrendt P, Simonsen O, Rathleff MS. Dynamic navicular motion measured using a stretch sensor is different between walking and running, and between over-ground and treadmill conditions. J Foot Ankle Res 2015; 8:5. [PMID: 25741384 PMCID: PMC4349491 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-015-0063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-invasive evaluation of in-shoe foot motion has traditionally been difficult. Recently a novel ‘stretch-sensor’ was proposed as an easy and reliable method to measure dynamic foot (navicular) motion. Further validation of this method is needed to determine how different gait analysis protocols affect dynamic navicular motion. Methods Potential differences in magnitude and peak velocity of navicular motion using the ‘stretch sensor’ between (i) barefoot and shod conditions; (ii) overground and treadmill gait; and/or (iii) running and walking were evaluated in 26 healthy participants. Comparisons were made using paired t-tests. Results Magnitude and velocity of navicular motion was not different between barefoot and shod walking on the treadmill. Compared to walking, velocity of navicular motion during running was 59% and 210% higher over-ground (p < 0.0001) and on a treadmill (p < 0.0001) respectively, and magnitude of navicular motion was 23% higher during over-ground running compared to over-ground walking (p = 0.02). Compared to over-ground, magnitude of navicular motion on a treadmill was 21% and 16% greater during walking (p = 0.0004) and running (p = 0003) respectively. Additionally, maximal velocity of navicular motion during treadmill walking was 48% less than walking over-ground (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The presence of footwear has minimal impact on navicular motion during walking. Differences in navicular motion between walking and running, and treadmill and over-ground gait highlight the importance of task specificity during gait analysis. Task specificity should be considered during design of future research trials and in clinical practice when measuring navicular motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Barton
- Complete Sports Care, Melbourne, Australia ; Lower Extremity Gait Studies Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia ; Pure Sports Medicine, London, Australia ; Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Simon L Kappel
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Ahrendt
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Simonsen
- Orthopaedic Surgery Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Michael S Rathleff
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark ; Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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27
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A method to investigate the effect of shoe-hole size on surface marker movement when describing in-shoe joint kinematics using a multi-segment foot model. Gait Posture 2015; 41:295-9. [PMID: 25304087 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To investigate in-shoe foot kinematics, holes are often cut in the shoe upper to allow markers to be placed on the skin surface. However, there is currently a lack of understanding as to what is an appropriate size. This study aimed to demonstrate a method to assess whether different diameter holes were large enough to allow free motion of marker wands mounted on the skin surface during walking using a multi-segment foot model. Eighteen participants underwent an analysis of foot kinematics whilst walking barefoot and wearing shoes with different size holes (15 mm, 20mm and 25 mm). The analysis was conducted in two parts; firstly the trajectory of the individual skin-mounted markers were analysed in a 2D ellipse to investigate total displacement of each marker during stance. Secondly, a geometrical analysis was conducted to assess cluster deformation of the hindfoot and midfoot-forefoot segments. Where movement of the markers in the 15 and 20mm conditions were restricted, the marker movement in the 25 mm condition did not exceed the radius at any anatomical location. Despite significant differences in the isotropy index of the medial and lateral calcaneus markers between the 25 mm and barefoot conditions, the differences were due to the effect of footwear on the foot and not a result of the marker wands hitting the shoe upper. In conclusion, the method proposed and results can be used to increase confidence in the representativeness of joint kinematics with respect to in-shoe multi-segment foot motion during walking.
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Moore IS, Jones A, Dixon S. The pursuit of improved running performance: Can changes in cushioning and somatosensory feedback influence running economy and injury risk? FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2013.873487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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