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Thompson TS, van den Heever JP, Zarft MJ, Dijanovic S. Determination of quinclorac and quinclorac methyl ester in honey by online SPE-UPLC-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:60-73. [PMID: 38048344 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2289131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
A method employing online solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled to UPLC-MS/MS was developed for the determination of residues of the acid herbicide quinclorac plus its transformation product, quinclorac methyl ester, in honey. The analytical method involved dissolving the honey in a mixture of methanol:water followed by direct injection into a two-dimensional UPLC system which is used to perform an automated SPE cleanup on a reusable phenyl cartridge prior to the target analytes being transferred onto an analytical UPLC column for subsequent chromatographic separation followed by MS/MS detection. The limits of quantitation for quinclorac and quinclorac methyl ester in honey were both set at 0.5 µg kg-1 and the method detection limit was estimated to be 0.012 µg kg-1 for each compound. The working analytical range (0.5-100 µg kg-1) was validated by analysing a series of spiked replicate honey samples. The method was applied to the analysis of various honeys obtained from numerous different commercial sources. Quinclorac was detected in 9 out of 30 samples at concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 31.5 µg kg-1. Quinclorac methyl ester, which is estimated to be significantly more toxic than the parent herbicide itself, was not detected in any honey sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Thompson
- Agri-Food Assurance Section, Food Safety Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Johan P van den Heever
- Agri-Food Assurance Section, Food Safety Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melissa J Zarft
- Agri-Food Assurance Section, Food Safety Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Snezana Dijanovic
- Agri-Food Assurance Section, Food Safety Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Irrigation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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2
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Chao M, Xu X, Wu A, Zhou W, Xu C, Liu L, Guo L. Monoclonal antibody production and development of immunochromatographic strip assays for screening of the herbicide bispyribac-sodium in rice. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4304-4310. [PMID: 37605639 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00915g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Bispyribac-sodium (BIS) is a new broad-spectrum and efficient herbicide, which is widely used for the control of weeds in rice. To protect the human body from the threat of BIS exposure, it is essential to establish a sensitive and simple detection method. In this work, a high-affinity monoclonal antibody against BIS was produced for the first time, and a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip assay (ICSA) was developed to screen for BIS in rice samples. The visual limit of detection and the calculated limit of detection of the ICSA were 0.2 μg kg-1 and 0.018 μg kg-1, respectively, which could be accurately obtained within 8 min. The average recoveries of BIS ranged from 90.0% to 109.0% in tests, with CVs ranging from 4.0% to 8.9% for rice samples. Therefore, our ICSA would be a good option for the sensitive and rapid detection of BIS in rice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Aihong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Jiangsu Product Quality Testing and Inspection Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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3
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Bhattacharyya A, Pardeshi A, Nerpagar A, Banerjee K. Multiresidue analysis of pesticides in three Indian soils: method development and validation using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2023; 58:158-194. [PMID: 36840342 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2175578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The paper reports a multiresidue method that was validated on 220 multi-class pesticides in three major Indian soils, namely, (i) new alluvial soil (NAS); (ii) red lateritic soil (RS) and (iii) black soil (BS) from three different regions. An ethyl acetate-based extraction method with a freezing-out cleanup step was employed for sample preparation, followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric analysis. The method that was initially optimized on BS worked satisfactorily for the other two soil matrices. At the spiking level of 10 µg/kg (LOQ), the recoveries were satisfactory (within 70-120%) with precision-RSDs, ≤20% (n = 6) for 85, 88.6, and 89% of compounds in BS, RS, and NAS respectively. At 20 µg/kg, the method performance was satisfactory in each soil for all pesticides. When this validated method was applied to analyse 25 field samples, 6 pesticides were detected in them. In each case, precision (RSD) was <20%. The method sensitivity, accuracy and precision complied with the SANTE/2020/12830 guidelines. The method can be applied for environmental monitoring and risk assessment purposes, thus aiding in regulating pesticide usage in agricultural fields. The limitations and future scope of the study are also discussed.HighlightsA multiresidue method is reported for simultaneous analysis of multi-class pesticides in diverse soilsThe method was validated on 220 pesticides in new alluvial, red lateritic and black soilsSample preparation involved extraction with ethyl acetate and cleanup by a freezing stepThe residues were estimated by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)The method accuracy and precision complied with the EU's SANTE guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijita Bhattacharyya
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, India
| | - Anita Pardeshi
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, India
| | - Apurva Nerpagar
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, India
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4
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Chand D, Banerjee T, Singh N, Singh SB. Persistence and transformation of flucetosulfuron herbicide in soil as affected by biotic and abiotic factors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:233-242. [PMID: 35263242 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2047572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Effect of biotic and abiotic factors of soil on persistence and transformation of flucetosulfuron was studied in three soils from paddy growing zones of India. Herbicide residues in three soils dissipated with half-life ranging from 1.41 to 8.38 and 0.58 to 1.14 days under sterile and non-sterile conditions, respectively. Acidic pH and soil microbial activity contributed more toward the degradation of flucetosulfuron in soil. Under flooded soils, dissipation was bit slower than under field capacity moisture level. Five transformation products were identified with LC-MS/MS analysis. Ester hydrolysis and sulfonyl urea bridge cleavage seems to be the major transformation pathways for flucetosulfuron in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdas Chand
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Tirthankar Banerjee
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Neera Singh
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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5
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Ji-Cai F, Hua-Li HE, Shao-Ying L, Ren R, Shu-Ting W. Investigation of Pesticide Residues in Fragaria and Myrica rubra Sold in Hangzhou. J Food Prot 2022; 85:534-538. [PMID: 34882199 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study investigated the concentration of the pesticide residues found in Fragaria and Myrica rubra sold in the city of Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. From an analysis of 151 (77 Fragaria and 74 M. rubra) samples using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 41 pesticide residues were found to be present. Of the 41 residues, 14 were found using GC-MS/MS and 27 were found using LC-MS/MS. Of the 151 samples, 10 (13.0%) of the 77 Fragaria samples and 5 (6.8%) of the 74 M. rubra samples were found to contain a specific pesticide residue, and only 4 Fragaria samples and 2 M. rubra samples were found to be without pesticide residue. In addition, 18 of the 41 pesticides were not detected in either Fragaria or M. rubra samples. Of the 41 residues, 10 were detected in Fragaria samples and 20 were detected in M. rubra samples. In Fragaria, procymidone was the most commonly detected residue, with a detection rate of 88.3%, followed by prochloraz, with a detection rate of 53.2%. In M. rubra, prochloraz was the most commonly detected residue, with a detection rate of 71.6%, followed by carbendazim, with a detection rate of 68.9%. The pesticide residues in some samples exceeded the maximum residue limit set in China. The limit of dimethomorph was exceeded in three of the Fragaria samples, and that of dichlorvos was exceeded in two of the M. rubra samples. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ji-Cai
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - H E Hua-Li
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Shao-Ying
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren Ren
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Shu-Ting
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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6
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Stevanović M, Brkić D, Tomić T, Mihajlović V, Đorđević T, Gašić S. Effects of the technical ingredient clomazone and its two formulated products on aquatic macrophytes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116753. [PMID: 33640824 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One active ingredient can be a component of different types of formulations of pesticides, while the toxicity of its formulations may vary depending on various constituents used in the mixture. The present study focuses on evaluating the effects of the active ingredient clomazone and its formulations (Rampa® EC and GAT Cenit 36 CS, both containing 360 g a.i./l of clomazone) on non-target aquatic macrophytes. The two formulation types differ in their active ingredient release and presumed environmental impact. In order to cover different ecological traits, two species of aquatic macrophytes - the floating monocot Lemna minor and the rooted dicot Myriophyllum aquaticum, were used as test models. The results of this study revealed differences in the sensitivity of tested plants to clomazone. Based on the most sensitive parameters, M. aquaticum proved to be more sensitive than L. minor to the technical ingredient and both formulations. The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach that was tried out in an attempt to create a higher tier step of risk assessment of clomazone for primary producers indicates that tests on rooted macrophytes can add value in risk assessment of plant protection products. The capsule formulation of clomazone was less toxic than the emulsion for L. minor, but more toxic for M. aquaticum. The most toxic for L. minor was the emulsifiable concentrate formulation Rampa® EC, followed by technical clomazone (EC50 33.3 and 54.0 mg a.i./l, respectively), while the aqueous capsule suspension formulation GAT Cenit 36 CS did not cause adverse effects. On the other hand, the most toxic for M. aquaticum was the formulation GAT Cenit 36 CS, followed by technical clomazone and the formulation Rampa® EC, demonstrating a greater effect of the capsule formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Stevanović
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragica Brkić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Tomić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, LECOTOX-Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Varja Mihajlović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, LECOTOX-Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tijana Đorđević
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Gašić
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Saito-Shida S, Nemoto S, Akiyama H. Multiresidue method for determining multiclass acidic pesticides in agricultural foods by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:894-902. [PMID: 33491688 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A reliable multiresidue method was developed for determining multiclass acidic pesticides in cereal grains, legumes, vegetables, and fruits. The target pesticides comprise 75 compounds, including phenoxy acid, sulfonylurea, imidazoline, and triazolopyrimidine herbicides, with acidic dissociation constant (pKa) values of 1.9-5.9. The method includes extraction with acidified acetonitrile, salting out, cleanup with octadecyl silica and primary secondary amine cartridges, and subsequent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The analytical performance of the developed method was validated for nine foods (i.e., brown rice, soybeans, peanuts, spinach, cabbage, eggplant, potatoes, apples, and oranges) at a concentration of 0.01 mg kg-1. Because matrix effects were negligible for most pesticide and food combinations, solvent-based calibration curves were used for quantification purposes. Most of the target compounds exhibited satisfactory analytical performance with trueness values of 70-100% and relative standard deviations below 14%. The high selectivity of the developed method was evidenced by the absence of interfering peaks near those of the target analytes. With the exception of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, for which linearity was observed at 2.5-100 ng mL-1, linear calibration curves were constructed for the target compounds in the 1-100 ng mL-1 range, with coefficients of determination exceeding 0.995. The limits of detection were 3 μg kg-1 or below in the examined matrices. The results demonstrate that the developed method is suitable for monitoring acidic pesticides in a variety of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Saito-Shida
- Division of Foods, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi 3-25-26, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
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8
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Li B, Chen J, Du Q, Wang B, Qu Y, Chang Z. Toxic effects of dechlorane plus on the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) embryonic development. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126481. [PMID: 32209501 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a widely used chlorinated flame retardant, which has been extensively detected in the environment. Although DP content in the surface water is low, it can pose a continuous exposure risk to aquatic organisms due to its strong bioaccumulation. Considering that the related studies on the toxicity mechanism of DP exposure are limited, the effect of DP on carp embryo development was evaluated. In the present work, carp embryos were exposed to different concentrations (0, 30, 60, and 120 μg/L) of DP at 3 h post-fertilization (hpf). The expression levels of neural and skeletal development-associated genes, such as sox2, sox19a, Mef2c and BMP4, were detected with quantitative PCR, and the changes in different developmental toxicity endpoints were observed. Our results demonstrated that the expression levels of sox2, sox19a, Mef2c and BMP4 were significantly altered and several developmental abnormalities were found in DP-exposed carp embryos, such as DNA damage, increased mortality rate, delayed hatching time, reduced hatching rate, decreased body length, and increased morphological deformities. In addition, the activities of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were remarkably higher in 60 and 120 μg/L DP exposure groups than in control group. These results suggest that DP can exhibit a unique modes of action, which lead to aberration occurrence in the early development stage of common carps, which may be related to some gene damage and oxidative stress. Besides, the parameters evaluated here can be used as tools to access the environmental risk for biota and humans exposed to DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Qiyan Du
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Beibei Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Ying Qu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Zhongjie Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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9
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Zhang Z, Dong M, Hao X, Han L, Song S, Yao W. Evaluation of cleanup procedures in pesticide multi-residue analysis with QuEChERS in cinnamon bark. Food Chem 2019; 276:140-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Xia X, Wang P, Wan R, Huo W, Chang Z. Toxic effects of cyhalofop-butyl on embryos of the Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio var.): alters embryos hatching, development failure, mortality of embryos, and apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:24305-24315. [PMID: 29948714 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a universal environmental contaminant, the herbicide cyhalofop-butyl is considered to have infested effects on the embryonic development of aquatic species. The present study focused on an assessment of the impacts of cyhalofop-butyl on Yellow River carp embryos. It was found that cyhalofop-butyl inhibited the hatching of the embryos, and the hatching rate decreased with higher concentrations of the herbicide. The mortality rate was increased on exposure to cyhalofop-butyl and was significantly higher in the 1.6 and 2 mg/L treatment groups over 48 h. All of the embryos of the 2 mg/L treatment group died within the 48 h post-hatching stage. And the transcription of several embryos related to apoptosis was also influenced by cyhalofop-butyl exposure. Further, cyhalofop-butyl exposure leads to a series of morphological changes (pericardial edema, tail deformation, and spine deformation) in embryos, which were consistent with significant modifications in the associated genes. These results provided a scientific basis for further studies into the effects of cyhalofop-butyl on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xia
- Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peijin Wang
- Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyan Wan
- Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiran Huo
- Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Chang
- Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China
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11
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Ni Y, Yang H, Zhang H, He Q, Huang S, Qin M, Chai S, Gao H, Ma Y. Analysis of four sulfonylurea herbicides in cereals using modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe sample preparation method coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1537:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Determination of pesticide residues in globe artichoke leaves and fruits by GC–MS and LC–MS/MS using the same QuEChERS procedure. Food Chem 2017; 227:227-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Stevanovic M, Gasic S, Pipal M, Blahova L, Brkic D, Neskovic N, Hilscherova K. Toxicity of clomazone and its formulations to zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 188:54-63. [PMID: 28458150 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are the most widely used group of pesticides but after reaching water bodies they are able to cause adverse effects on non-target organisms. Different formulations using the same active ingredient are frequently available, which raises the issue of potential influence of different formulation types on herbicide toxicity. The present study evaluated the toxicity and teratogenic effects of the active ingredient clomazone and its two formulations (Rampa® EC and GAT Cenit 36 CS, both containing 360g a.i./l of clomazone) on zebrafish embryos. The crucial difference between the two formulation types is the way of active substance release. This investigation is the first report on zebrafish embryotoxicity of both clomazone and its formulations. The technical active ingredient and formulations caused mortality and diverse teratogenic effects, showing different levels of toxicity. The LC50 values for the technical ingredient, Rampa® EC and GAT Cenit 36 CS were 61.4, 9.6 and 92.5mg a.i./l, respectively. Spontaneous movements in 22 hpf embryos decreased under exposure to both the technical ingredient and formulations. A significant number of underdeveloped embryos was detected after exposure to clomazone and Rampa® EC, while no underdevelopment was noted in embryos exposed to GAT Cenit 36 CS. Exposure to the technical ingredient and formulations led also to a series of morphological changes and interfered with the growth of zebrafish embryos. The EC50 based on detection of edemas, spine and tail tip deformations and gas bladder absence (120hpf) was 12.1, 10.1 and 24.1mg/l for technical clomazone, Rampa® EC and GAT Cenit 36 CS, while teratogenicity index (TI) based on LC50/EC50 ratio was 5.1, 1 and 3.8, respectively. The data in this study showed that the emulsifiable concentrate formulation (Rampa® EC) caused statistically significantly higher toxicity, and the aqueous capsule suspension (GAT Cenit 36 CS) lower toxicity than technical clomazone. It indicates that different formulations with the same active ingredient may have different environmental impacts, which is why risk assessment based only on active ingredient toxicity might not be sufficient in terms of preventing formulation effects on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Stevanovic
- Institute for Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Gasic
- Institute for Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marek Pipal
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in Environment, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Blahova
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in Environment, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dragica Brkic
- Institute for Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nesko Neskovic
- Institute for Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in Environment, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
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14
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Lee YJ, Rahman MM, Abd El-Aty A, Choi JH, Chung HS, Kim SW, Abdel-Aty AM, Shin HC, Shim JH. Detection of three herbicide, and one metabolite, residues in brown rice and rice straw using various versions of the QuEChERS method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2016; 210:442-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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15
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Cao F, Liu X, Wang C, Zheng M, Li X, Qiu L. Acute and short-term developmental toxicity of cyhalofop-butyl to zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10080-10089. [PMID: 26867686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyhalofop-butyl is an aryloxyphenoxypropionate post-emergence herbicide widely used around the world in agriculture. The acute toxicity of cyhalofop-butyl to embryos, larvae (12 and 72 h post-hatching), and adult zebrafish, as well as the short-term developmental toxicity of cyhalofop-butyl to embryo and sac-fry stages, was tested. The results showed that the 96-h LC50 values of cyhalofop-butyl to embryos, 12 h post-hatching larvae, 72 h post-hatching larvae, and adult fish were 2.03, 0.58, 1.42, and 3.49 mg/L, respectively, suggesting zebrafish early life stages were more sensitive to cyhalofop-butyl than adult stage. Cyhalofop-butyl would inhibit the spontaneous movement, heartbeat, hatching rate of embryos, and the body length of surviving larvae of zebrafish at 1.00 mg/L or higher concentrations. Morphological abnormalities, including pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, deformation of tail, and deformation of spine, were induced by cyhalofop-butyl. The results indicated that cyhalofop-butyl had significant negative impacts on zebrafish at different life stages, and spontaneous movement and hatching rate were sensitive endpoints for assessing short-term developmental toxicity of cyhalofop-butyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Cao
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoshan Liu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingqi Zheng
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Sack C, Vonderbrink J, Smoker M, Smith RE. Determination of Acid Herbicides Using Modified QuEChERS with Fast Switching ESI(+)/ESI(-) LC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9657-9665. [PMID: 26473587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A method for the determination of 35 acid herbicides in food matrices was developed, validated, and implemented. It utilizes a modified QuEChERS extraction procedure coupled with quantitation by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The acid herbicides analyzed are all organic carboxylic acids, including the older chlorophenoxy acid herbicides such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), dicamba, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA), quinclorac, and many of the newer imidazolinone herbicides such as imazethapyr and imazaquin. In the procedure, 10 mL of water is added to 5 g of sample and then extracted with 1% formic acid in acetonitrile for 1 min. The acetonitrile phase is salted out of the extract by adding sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate, followed by centrifugation. The acetonitrile is diluted 1:1 with water to enable quantitation by LC-MS/MS using fast switching between positive and negative electrospray ionization modes. The average recoveries for all the compounds except aminocyclopyrachlor were 95% with a precision of 8%. The method detection limits for all residues were less than 10 ng/g, and the correlation coefficients for the calibration curves was greater than 0.99 for all but two compounds tested. The method was used successfully for the quantitation of acid herbicides in the FDA's total diet study. The procedure proved to be accurate, precise, linear, sensitive, and rugged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Sack
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 11510 West 80th Street, Lenexa, Kansas 66224, United States
| | - John Vonderbrink
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 11510 West 80th Street, Lenexa, Kansas 66224, United States
| | - Michael Smoker
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 11510 West 80th Street, Lenexa, Kansas 66224, United States
| | - Robert E Smith
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 11510 West 80th Street, Lenexa, Kansas 66224, United States
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Grande-Martínez Á, Arrebola-Liébanas FJ, Martínez-Vidal JL, Hernández-Torres ME, Garrido-Frenich A. Optimization and Validation of a Multiresidue Pesticide Method in Rice and Wheat Flour by Modified QuEChERS and GC–MS/MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Followed by Capillary High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Six Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Fruit Juices. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gure A, Lara FJ, Megersa N, García-Campaña AM, del Olmo-Iruela M. Hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with capillary HPLC for the selective determination of six sulfonylurea herbicides in environmental waters. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3395-401. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abera Gure
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Department of Chemistry; Addis Ababa University; Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Francisco J. Lara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Negussie Megersa
- Department of Chemistry; Addis Ababa University; Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Ana M. García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Granada; Granada Spain
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Analysis of Pesticide residues in brown rice using modified QuEChERS multiresidue method combined with electrospray ionization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-012-2153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Karageorgou EG, Samanidou VF. Development and validation according to European Union Decision 2002/657/EC of an HPLC-DAD method for milk multi-residue analysis of penicillins and amphenicols based on dispersive extraction by QuEChERS in MSPD format. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1893-901. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Pareja L, Cesio V, Heinzen H, Fernández-Alba AR. Evaluation of various QuEChERS based methods for the analysis of herbicides and other commonly used pesticides in polished rice by LC–MS/MS. Talanta 2011; 83:1613-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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