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Checa J, Salazar C, Goyeche A, Rivera M, Silveira F, Maggioli G. A promising new target to control fasciolosis: Fasciola hepatica leucine aminopeptidase 2. Vet Parasitol 2023; 320:109959. [PMID: 37329826 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Parasite M17 leucine aminopeptidases (LAPs) have been associated with critical roles in different key functions such as the nutrition, migration, and invasion of the natural host. Native or recombinant LAP used as a vaccine antigen has proved effective to elicit protection against Fasciola hepatica infection in sheep, pointing to potential vaccine candidates against fascioliasis in ruminant species. Previously, the FhLAP1, abundantly secreted in vitro by the mature adult parasite was used as a vaccine antigen obtaining promising protection results against F. hepatica challenge in small ruminants. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of a second recombinant LAP (FhLAP2) associated with the juvenile stage of F. hepatica. FhLAP2 showed aminopeptidase activity using different synthetic substrates, including leucine, arginine, and methionine and was increased in the presence of Mn+ 2 and Mg+ 2. The activity was inhibited by bestatin, 1,10-phenanthroline, and EDTA, specific inhibitors of aminopeptidase and/or metalloproteases. Finally, the recombinant FhLAP2 functional form was tested in combination with Freund's incomplete adjuvant in an immunization trial in mice followed by an experimental challenge with F. hepatica metacercariae. The immunization with FhLAP2/FIA resulted in a significant reduction of parasite recovery compared to control groups. The immunized group elicited total specific IgG and subclasses IgG1 and IgG2 antibody responses. This study highlights the potential of a new candidate vaccine formulation with potential applications in natural ruminant hosts, especially those targeting the juvenile stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackeline Checa
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Salazar
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Antonella Goyeche
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Rivera
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Silveira
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Maggioli
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of cefquinome in different dairy products during the processing of naturally contaminated milk or spiked milk. The analysis of cefquinome residues in milk, skimmed milk, buttermilk, whey, cream, butter, curd, and cheese samples was performed using a water:acetonitrile solvent extraction and C18 dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up, followed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) determination. The target concentration of cefquinome was achieved in the spiked milk (100 µg kg−1). During its processing, the antibiotic migrated primarily with the skimmed milk as opposed to cream (ratios of 3.6:1 and 2.8:1 for experiments A and B, respectively), and with the buttermilk during butter manufacture (ratios of 6.9:1 and 4.6:1), but was equal in the curd and whey during the manufacture of cheese. In the milk collected from treated animals, the measured concentration of cefquinome was considerably high (approx. 5000 µg kg−1). The results obtained from the dairy products were similar to those obtained in the spiked study (ratios of 8.2:1 and 3.1:1 for experiments A and B, respectively, during the separation of skimmed milk and cream; 6.0:1 and 5.0:1 for A and B, respectively, during the separation of buttermilk and butter). However, during cheesemaking, cefquinome migrated with the whey after cutting the curd, with ratios of 0.54:1 and 0.44:1 for experiments A and B, respectively. The difference in the migration of cefquinome between curd and whey in spiked and animal studies is probably due to the different concentration levels in the two different experiments. The results of this study showed that, in dairy products manufactured from milk containing cefquinome residues, the drug migrated primarily with the high-water-containing fractions.
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Imperiale F, Lanusse C. The Pattern of Blood-Milk Exchange for Antiparasitic Drugs in Dairy Ruminants. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102758. [PMID: 34679780 PMCID: PMC8532883 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review article is focused on the description of the plasma–milk partition coefficients for different antiparasitic drug classes in dairy ruminants, and it contributes to rational pharmaco-therapy in lactating dairy animals, which is critical to understand the pattern of drug excretion in milk as well as the residual concentration patterns in dairy products elaborated by processing milk from drug-treated animals. Abstract The prolonged persistence of milk residual concentration of different antiparasitic drugs in lactating dairy animals should be considered before recommending their use (label or extra-label) for parasite control in dairy animals. The partition blood-to-milk ratio for different antiparasitic compounds depends on their ability to diffuse across the mammary gland epithelium. The high lipophilicity of some of the most widely used antiparasitic drugs explains their high partition into milk and the extended persistence of high residual concentrations in milk after treatment. Most of the antiparasitic drug compounds studied were shown to be stable in various milk-related industrial processes. Thus, the levels of residues detected in raw milk can be directly applicable to estimating consumer exposure and dietary intake calculations when consuming heat-processed fluid milk. However, after milk is processed to obtain milk products such as cheese, yogurt, ricotta, and butter, the residues of lipophilic antiparasitic drugs are higher than those measured in the milk used for their elaboration. This review article contributes pharmacokinetics-based information, which is useful to understand the relevance of rational drug-based parasite control in lactating dairy ruminants to avoid undesirable consequences of residual drug concentrations in milk and derived products intended for human consumption.
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Na G, Hu X, Yang J, Sun Y, Kwee S, Tang L, Xing G, Xing Y, Zhang G. A rapid colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip assay for monitoring nitroxynil in milk. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1860-1866. [PMID: 31602650 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitroxynil (NIT) is a veterinary drug against hepatic fluke disease for food-producing cattle and sheep. NIT has a long half-life time in animals since it is highly bound to plasma protein. Therefore NIT possibly remains in animal edible tissues or milk due to drug abuse. In this study, a specific murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) against NIT was prepared and an immunochromatographic strip assay based on the mAb was developed for screening NIT in milk. RESULTS The affinity constant of the anti-NIT mAb was 2.93 × 1010 and the anti-NIT mAb had almost no cross-reactivity with other analogs, so that it showed good specificity. The cutoff value of this test strip was considered to be 50 ng mL-1 by the naked eye. When detected by the strip reader, the half maximum inhibition concentration (IC50 ) of the immunoassay strip was calculated to be 5.716 ng mL-1 and the limit of detection (LOD) was 1.146 ng mL-1 . Intra-assay recoveries from 88.80 to 97.13% were obtained, with the highest coefficient of variation (CV) at 9.01%; inter-assay recoveries ranged from 84.60 to 106.87%, with the highest CV at 9.93%. CONCLUSION The operative procedure of the proposed method can be completed within 10 min. The strip developed in this study was a practical tool for rapid semiquantitative and quantitative detection of NIT in milk. This study suggested great potential for analytically monitoring NIT in other food samples. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqiong Na
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Hu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jifei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaning Sun
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sharon Kwee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Guangxu Xing
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunrui Xing
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Maggioli G, Salazar C, Fossa F, Carmona C. Liver Fluke Vaccine Assessment in Cattle. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2137:205-212. [PMID: 32399931 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0475-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liver fluke Fasciola hepatica remains an important agent of foodborne trematode disease producing great economic losses due to its negative effect on productivity of grazing livestock in temperate areas. The prevailing control strategies based on antihelminthic drugs are not long term sustainable due to widespread resistance. Hence, vaccination appears as an attractive option to pursue for parasite eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Maggioli
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria. Instituto de Higiene. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Cecilia Salazar
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria. Instituto de Higiene. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Federico Fossa
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria. Instituto de Higiene. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Carmona
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria. Instituto de Higiene. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Lupton SJ, Shappell NW, Shelver WL, Hakk H. Distribution of Spiked Drugs between Milk Fat, Skim Milk, Whey, Curd, and Milk Protein Fractions: Expansion of Partitioning Models. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:306-314. [PMID: 29271654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The distributions of eight drugs (acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid/salicylic acid, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, flunixin, phenylbutazone, praziquantel, and thiamphenicol) were determined in milk products (skim milk, milk fat, curd, whey, and whey protein) and used to expand a previous model (from 7 drugs to 15 drugs) for predicting drug distribution. Phenylbutazone and praziquantel were found to distribute with the lipid and curd phases (≥50%). Flunixin distribution was lower but similar in direction (12% in milk fat, 39% in curd). Acetaminophen, ciprofloxacin, and praziquantel preferentially associated with casein proteins, whereas thiamphenicol and clarithromycin associated preferentially to whey proteins. Regression analyses for log [milk fat]/[skim milk] and log [curd]/[whey] had r2 values of 0.63 and 0.67, respectively, with p of <0.001 for 15 drugs (7 previously tested and 8 currently tested). The robustness of the distribution model was enhanced by doubling the number of drugs originally tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Lupton
- Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , 1605 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States
| | - Nancy W Shappell
- Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , 1605 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States
| | - Weilin L Shelver
- Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , 1605 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States
| | - Heldur Hakk
- Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , 1605 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States
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Shappell NW, Shelver WL, Lupton SJ, Fanaselle W, Van Doren JM, Hakk H. Distribution of Animal Drugs among Curd, Whey, and Milk Protein Fractions in Spiked Skim Milk and Whey. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:938-949. [PMID: 28052193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand the partitioning of drugs in processed milk and milk products, when drugs are present in raw milk, in order to estimate the potential consumer exposure. Radioisotopically labeled erythromycin, ivermectin, ketoprofen, oxytetracycline, penicillin G, sulfadimethoxine, and thiabendazole were used to evaluate the distribution of animal drugs among rennet curd, whey, and protein fractions from skim cow milk. Our previous work reported the distribution of these same drugs between skim and fat fractions of milk. Drug distribution between curd and whey was significantly correlated (R2 = 0.70) to the drug's lipophilicity (log P), with improved correlation using log D (R2 = 0.95). Distribution of drugs was concentration independent over the range tested (20-2000 nM). With the exception of thiabendazole and ivermectin, more drug was associated with whey protein than casein on a nmol/g protein basis (oxytetracycline experiment not performed). These results provide insights into the distribution of animal drug residues, if present in cow milk, among milk fractions, with possible extrapolation to milk products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy W Shappell
- USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory , 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States
| | - Weilin L Shelver
- USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory , 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States
| | - Sara J Lupton
- USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory , 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States
| | - Wendy Fanaselle
- US-FDA, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition , 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Jane M Van Doren
- US-FDA, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition , 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Heldur Hakk
- USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory , 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States
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van Asselt ED, van der Fels-Klerx H, Marvin H, van Bokhorst-van de Veen H, Groot MN. Overview of Food Safety Hazards in the European Dairy Supply Chain. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 16:59-75. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. D. van Asselt
- RIKILT-Wageningen Univ. & Research; P.O. Box 230 6700 AE Wageningen the Netherlands
| | | | - H.J.P. Marvin
- RIKILT-Wageningen Univ. & Research; P.O. Box 230 6700 AE Wageningen the Netherlands
| | | | - M. Nierop Groot
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research; P.O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
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Boix N, Teixido E, Vila-Cejudo M, Ortiz P, Ibáñez E, Llobet JM, Barenys M. Triclabendazole sulfoxide causes stage-dependent embryolethality in zebrafish and mouse in vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121308. [PMID: 25793498 PMCID: PMC4368200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fascioliasis and paragonimiasis are widespread foodborne trematode diseases, affecting millions of people in more than 75 countries. The treatment of choice for these parasitic diseases is based on triclabendazole, a benzimidazole derivative which has been suggested as a promising drug to treat pregnant women and children. However, at the moment, this drug is not approved for human use in most countries. Its potential adverse effects on embryonic development have been scarcely studied, and it has not been assigned a pregnancy category by the FDA. Thus, to help in the process of risk-benefit decision making upon triclabendazole treatment during pregnancy, a better characterization of its risks during gestation is needed. Methodology The zebrafish embryo test, a preimplantation and a postimplantation rodent whole embryo culture were used to investigate the potential embryotoxicity/teratogenicity of triclabendazole and its first metabolite triclabendazole sulfoxide. Albendazole and albendazole sulfoxide were included as positive controls. Principal Findings Triclabendazole was between 10 and 250 times less potent than albendazole in inducing dysmorphogenic effects in zebrafish or postimplantation rodent embryos, respectively. However, during the preimplantation period, both compounds, triclabendazole and triclabendazole sulfoxide, induced a dose-dependent embryolethal effect after only 24 h of exposure in rodent embryos and zebrafish (lowest observed adverse effect concentrations = 10 μM). Conclusions/Significance In humans, after ingestion of the recommended doses of triclabendazole to treat fascioliasis and paragonimiasis (10 mg/kg), the main compound found in plasma is triclabendazole sulfoxide (maximum concentration 38.6 μM), while triclabendazole concentrations are approximately 30 times lower (1.16 μM). From our results it can be concluded that triclabendazole, at concentrations of the same order of magnitude as the clinically relevant ones, does not entail teratogenic potential in vitro during the organogenesis period, but its first metabolite triclabendazole sulfoxide has a high embryotoxic capacity in vitro during the preimplantation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Boix
- GRET-CERETOX, INSA-UB and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Teixido
- GRET-CERETOX, INSA-UB and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Vila-Cejudo
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pedro Ortiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Cajamarca, Perú
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Juan M. Llobet
- GRET-CERETOX, INSA-UB and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Barenys
- GRET-CERETOX, INSA-UB and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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González-Lobato L, Real R, Herrero D, de la Fuente A, Prieto J, Marqués M, Álvarez A, Merino G. Novelin vitrosystems for prediction of veterinary drug residues in ovine milk and dairy products. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1026-37. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.908261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Barrera B, González-Lobato L, Otero JA, Real R, Prieto JG, Álvarez AI, Merino G. Effects of triclabendazole on secretion of danofloxacin and moxidectin into the milk of sheep: Role of triclabendazole metabolites as inhibitors of the ruminant ABCG2 transporter. Vet J 2013; 198:429-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Power C, Sayers R, O'Brien B, Clancy C, Furey A, Jordan K, Danaher M. Investigation of the persistence of closantel residues in bovine milk following lactating-cow and dry-cow treatments and its migration into dairy products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8703-8710. [PMID: 23992251 DOI: 10.1021/jf4022866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Closantel is a veterinary drug used to treat liver fluke in cattle and sheep. A provisional maximum residue limit (MRL) of 45 μg/kg in milk has been set by the European Union. The purpose of this study was to investigate the persistence of closantel residues in milk and the migration of residues into milk products. Following dry-cow treatment, residues ranged from undetectable to 8.7 μg/kg at the first milking. Following lactating-cow treatment, residues detected ranged from 278 to 482 μg/kg at day 1 post-treatment and were detectable above the MRL for 52 days and detectable for 198 days. At day 2 and day 23 post-treatment, the milk was collected and dairy products manufactured. Closantel residues concentrated in the cheese, butter, and skim milk powder. The results indicate that closantel is best used as a dry-cow treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Power
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre , Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Power C, Danaher M, Sayers R, O'Brien B, Clancy C, Furey A, Jordan K. Investigation of the migration of triclabendazole residues to milk products manufactured from bovine milk, and stability therein, following lactating cow treatment. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:6223-32. [PMID: 23932132 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Triclabendazole (TCB) is a flukicide used in the treatment of liver fluke in cattle; however, its use is currently prohibited in lactating dairy cows. In this study, following administration of 10% Fasinex (triclabendazole, Novartis Animal Health UK Ltd., Camberley, UK) the milk of 6 animals was used to manufacture dairy products, to ascertain if TCB residues in milk migrate into dairy products. The detection limit of the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method used was 0.67 μg/kg. The highest concentrations of TCB residue measured, within the individual cow milk yield, was 1,529 ± 244 µg/kg (n=6), on d 2 posttreatment. Days 2 and 23 posttreatment represented high and low residue concentrations, respectively. At each of these 2 time points, the milk was pooled into 2 independent aliquots and refrigerated. Milk products, including cheese, butter, and skim milk powder were manufactured using pasteurized and unpasteurized milk from each aliquot. The results for high residue milks demonstrated that TCB residues concentrated in the cheese by a factor of 5 (5,372 vs. 918 µg/kg for cheese vs. milk) compared with the starting milk. Residue concentrations are the sum of TCB and its metabolites, expressed as keto-TCB. Residues were concentrated in the butter by a factor of 9 (9,177 vs. 1,082 μg/kg for butter vs. milk) compared with the starting milk. For milk, which was separated to skim milk and cream fractions, the residues were concentrated in the cream. Once skim milk powder was manufactured from the skim milk fraction, the residue in powder was concentrated 15-fold compared with the starting skim milk (7,252 vs. 423 µg/kg for powder vs. skim milk), despite the high temperature (185 °C) required during powder manufacture. For products manufactured from milk with low residue concentrations at d 23 posttreatment, TCB residues were detected in butter, cheese, and skim milk powder, even though there was no detectable residue in the milk used to manufacture these products. Triclabendazole residues were concentrated in some milk products (despite manufacturing treatments), exceeding residue levels in the starting milk and, depending on the storage conditions, may be relatively stable over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Power
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; Team Elucidate, Department of Chemistry, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
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Power C, Whelan M, Danaher M, Bloemhoff Y, Sayers R, O’Brien B, Furey A, Jordan K. Investigation of the persistence of triclabendazole residues in bovine milk following lactating-cow and dry-cow treatments. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1080-6. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.787654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Power C, Danaher M, Sayers R, O’Brien B, Whelan M, Furey A, Jordan K. Investigation of the persistence of rafoxanide residues in bovine milk and fate during processing. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1087-95. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.787655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pérez MLG, Romero-González R, Vidal JLM, Frenich AG. Analysis of veterinary drug residues in cheese by ultra-high-performance LC coupled to triple quadrupole MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1223-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Luz Gómez Pérez
- Group “Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants”, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL); University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Group “Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants”, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL); University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - José Luis Martínez Vidal
- Group “Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants”, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL); University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Group “Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants”, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL); University of Almería; Almería Spain
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POWER CLARE, SAYERS RÍONA, O’BRIEN BERNADETTE, BLOEMHOFF YRIS, DANAHER MARTIN, FUREY AMBROSE, JORDAN KIERAN. Partitioning of nitroxynil, oxyclozanide and levamisole residues from milk to cream, skim milk and skim milk powder. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2012.00863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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