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Bender C, Candi I, Rogel E. Efficacy of Hydroxytyrosol-Rich Food Supplements on Reducing Lipid Oxidation in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065521. [PMID: 36982623 PMCID: PMC10054451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we report the efficacy of two food supplements derived from olives in reducing lipid oxidation. To this end, 12 healthy volunteers received a single dose (25 mL) of olive phenolics, mainly hydroxytyrosol (HT), provided as a liquid dietary supplement (30.6 or 61.5 mg HT), followed by an investigation of two reliable markers of oxidative stress. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 12 h post-intake. Plasma-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) cholesterol levels were measured with ELISA using a monoclonal antibody, while F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) were quantified in urine with UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Despite the great variability observed between individuals, a tendency to reduce lipoxidation reactions was observed in the blood in response to a single intake of the food supplements. In addition, the subgroup of individuals with the highest baseline oxLDL level showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in F2-IsoPs at 0.5 and 12 h post-intervention. These promising results suggest that HT supplementation could be a useful aid in preventing lipoxidation. Additionally, people with a redox imbalance could benefit even more from supplementing with bioavailable HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bender
- Institut Kurz GmbH, 50829 Köln, Germany
- Istituto Kurz Italia S.R.L., 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+39-0521712675
| | | | - Eva Rogel
- Institut Kurz GmbH, 50829 Köln, Germany
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Casuso RA, Al Fazazi S, Plaza-Díaz J, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Rueda-Robles A, Aragón-Vela J, Huertas JR. Physiological Doses of Hydroxytyrosol Modulate Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle of Exercised Rats. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121393. [PMID: 34947924 PMCID: PMC8708182 DOI: 10.3390/life11121393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested whether physiological doses of hydroxytyrosol (HT) may alter the mRNA transcription of key metabolic genes in exercised skeletal muscle. Two groups of exercise-trained Wistar rats, HTlow and HTmid, were supplemented with 0.31 and 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT, respectively, for 10 weeks. Another two groups of rats were not supplemented with HT; one remained sedentary and the other one was exercised. After the experimental period, the soleus muscle was removed for qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. The consumption of 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT during exercise increased the mRNA expression of important metabolic proteins. Specifically, 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT may upregulate long-chain fatty acid oxidation, lactate, and glucose oxidation as well as mitochondrial Krebs cycle in trained skeletal muscle. However, a 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT may alter protein translation, as in spite of the increment showed by CD36 and GLUT4 at the mRNA level this was not translated to higher protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A. Casuso
- Department of Physiology, Campus University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.A.F.); (J.A.-V.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.R.-R.)
- Correspondence: or (R.A.C.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Saad Al Fazazi
- Department of Physiology, Campus University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.A.F.); (J.A.-V.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.R.-R.)
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Francisco J. Ruiz-Ojeda
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.R.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Ascensión Rueda-Robles
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.R.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
- Department of Physiology, Campus University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.A.F.); (J.A.-V.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.R.-R.)
| | - Jesús R. Huertas
- Department of Physiology, Campus University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.A.F.); (J.A.-V.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.R.-R.)
- Correspondence: or (R.A.C.); (J.R.H.)
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3
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Mandracchia F, Llauradó E, Valls RM, Tarro L, Solà R. Evaluating Mediterranean Diet-Adherent, Healthy and Allergen-Free Meals Offered in Tarragona Province Restaurants (Catalonia, Spain): A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072464. [PMID: 34371970 PMCID: PMC8308532 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Restaurant meal consumption has increased substantially, but the ability of restaurants to adhere to guidelines for the Mediterranean diet, healthiness and food allergen management is a challenge. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the Mediterranean diet adherence, healthiness, nutritional quality and food allergen management of meals at restaurants in the Tarragona province (Catalonia, Spain). Primary outcomes included adherence to criteria for the Mediterranean diet (AMed) and gluten management (SMAP), nutritional quality of dishes indicated by a green traffic light rating, meal nutrient content and allergen-free options. Secondary outcomes included restaurant staff knowledge about the Mediterranean diet and food allergens. Forty-four restaurants and 297 dishes were analysed. The restaurants fulfilled an average (mean ± SD) of 5.1 ± 1.6 of 9 compulsory AMed criteria and 12.9 ± 2.8 of 18 SMAP criteria. Dishes were mainly rated green for sugar (n = 178/297; 59.9%) but not for energy (n = 23/297; 7.7%) or total fat (n = 18/297; 6.1%). Waiters and cooks received passing scores for food allergen knowledge (5.8 ± 1.7 and 5.5 ± 1.5 out of 10 points, respectively). Restaurants partially met the AMed and SMAP criteria. Increasing fibre and decreasing saturated fat content are necessary to improve consumers’ adherence to healthy diets. For restaurant staff, training courses should be considered to improve their food allergen management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Mandracchia
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Healthy Environment Chair, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (F.M.); (E.L.); (R.M.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Elisabet Llauradó
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Healthy Environment Chair, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (F.M.); (E.L.); (R.M.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Rosa Maria Valls
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Healthy Environment Chair, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (F.M.); (E.L.); (R.M.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Lucia Tarro
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Healthy Environment Chair, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (F.M.); (E.L.); (R.M.V.); (R.S.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-758-920
| | - Rosa Solà
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Healthy Environment Chair, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (F.M.); (E.L.); (R.M.V.); (R.S.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
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Esquius L, Javierre C, Llaudó I, Rama I, Oviedo GR, Massip-Salcedo M, Aguilar-Martínez A, Niño O, Lloberas N. Impact of Olive Oil Supplement Intake on Dendritic Cell Maturation after Strenuous Physical Exercise: A Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084128. [PMID: 33919722 PMCID: PMC8070678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise is known to have a dose-dependent effect on the immune system and can result in an inflammatory process in athletes that is proportional to the intensity and duration of exertion. This inflammatory process can be measured by cell markers such as dendritic cells (DCs), which, in humans, consist of the myeloid DC (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DC (pDCs) subpopulations. The aim of this study was to measure DC differentiation to determine the possible anti-inflammatory effects, after intense aerobic effort, of the intake of a 25 mL extra-virgin olive oil supplement. Three healthy sports-trained subjects went through resistance exercise loads on two days separated by a week: on one day after active supplement intake and on the other day after placebo supplement intake. The results show that the highest increase (77%) in the percentage of mDCs as a proportion of pDCs was immediately after testing. Independently of the supplement taken, mature mDCs showed a decreasing trend between the test one hour after and 24 h after testing ended. Nevertheless, measured in terms of the coefficient of variation, only the decrease (46%) for extra-virgin olive oil supplementation was statistically significant (95% CI: 30–62%; p = 0.05). In conclusion, an extra-virgin olive oil supplement could reduce the inflammatory impact of intense aerobic effort and improve recovery at 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Esquius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
- Foodlab Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (A.A.-M.)
| | - Casimiro Javierre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Inés Llaudó
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (I.L.); (I.R.); (N.L.)
| | - Inés Rama
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (I.L.); (I.R.); (N.L.)
| | - Guillermo R. Oviedo
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science-Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, 08022 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marta Massip-Salcedo
- Foodlab Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (A.A.-M.)
| | - Alicia Aguilar-Martínez
- Foodlab Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (A.A.-M.)
| | - Oscar Niño
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Cundinamarca, Cundinamarca 252212, Colombia;
| | - Núria Lloberas
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (I.L.); (I.R.); (N.L.)
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A Potential Inhibition Process of Ricin Protein with the flavonoids Quercetin and Epigallocatechin Gallate. A Quantum-Chemical and Molecular Docking Study. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Castor bean (Ricinus Communis) oil has been reported as one of the most important bio-based fuels; however, high amounts of toxic solid residue are generated in the production. This toxicity is due to several molecules, ricin protein being the most studied compound. The inhibition of the ricin protein is essential for eliminating its toxicity. The objective of this study is to predict the possible inhibition process via the interactions between the ricin protein and the flavonoids quercetin (Q) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The molecular structures of the complexes formed between the ricin protein and flavonoids were studied using quantum-chemical and molecular docking calculations to analyze the type of interaction, active site of the protein, binding energies, and different conformations in the inhibition process. Different methodologies were applied for the molecular structure determination; the best approximation was obtained with B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) theoretical methodology. Mappings of electrostatic potential (MEP) and frontier molecular orbitals were used for the identification of the probable sites of interaction, which were confirmed by molecular docking. The adjustment and alignment of flavonoid groups before and after the interaction, and charge transfer parameters, showed that Q and EGCG act as electron donors inside of the active site in ricin.
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6
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Farnesol and Tyrosol: Secondary Metabolites with a Crucial quorum-sensing Role in Candida Biofilm Development. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040444. [PMID: 32325685 PMCID: PMC7231263 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When living in biological and interactive communities, microorganisms use quorum-sensing mechanisms for their communication. According to cell density, bacteria and fungi can produce signaling molecules (e.g., secondary metabolites), which participate, for example, in the regulation of gene expression and coordination of collective behavior in their natural niche. The existence of these secondary metabolites plays a main role in competence, colonization of host tissues and surfaces, morphogenesis, and biofilm development. Therefore, for the design of new antibacterials or antifungals and understanding on how these mechanisms occur, to inhibit the secretion of quorum-sensing (e.g., farnesol and tyrosol) molecules leading the progress of microbial infections seems to be an interesting option. In yeasts, farnesol has a main role in the morphological transition, inhibiting hyphae production in a concentration-dependent manner, while tyrosol has a contrary function, stimulating transition from spherical cells to germ tube form. It is beyond doubt that secretion of both molecules by fungi has not been fully described, but specific meaning for their existence has been found. This brief review summarizes the important function of these two compounds as signaling chemicals participating mainly in Candida morphogenesis and regulatory mechanisms.
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de la Torre‐Robles A, Monteagudo C, Mariscal‐Arcas M, Lorenzo‐Tovar ML, Olea‐Serrano F, Rivas A. Effect of Light Exposure on the Quality and Phenol Content of Commercial Extra Virgin Olive Oil during 12‐Month Storage. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia de la Torre‐Robles
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Celia Monteagudo
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Miguel Mariscal‐Arcas
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Lorenzo‐Tovar
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Fátima Olea‐Serrano
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
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MONSALVE BERNARDITA, CONCHA-MEYER ANIBAL, PALOMO IVÁN, FUENTES EDUARDO. Mechanisms of Endothelial Protection by Natural Bioactive Compounds from Fruit and Vegetables. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 89:615-633. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - EDUARDO FUENTES
- Universidad de Talca, Chile; CONICYT, Chile; Universidad de Talca, Chile
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9
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HPLC-UV Polyphenolic Profiles in the Classification of Olive Oils and Other Vegetable Oils via Principal Component Analysis. SEPARATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/separations3040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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10
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Braakhuis AJ, Campion P, Bishop KS. Reducing Breast Cancer Recurrence: The Role of Dietary Polyphenolics. Nutrients 2016; 8:E547. [PMID: 27608040 PMCID: PMC5037532 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from numerous observational and clinical studies suggest that polyphenolic phytochemicals such as phenolic acids in olive oil, flavonols in tea, chocolate and grapes, and isoflavones in soy products reduce the risk of breast cancer. A dietary food pattern naturally rich in polyphenols is the Mediterranean diet and evidence suggests those of Mediterranean descent have a lower breast cancer incidence. Whilst dietary polyphenols have been the subject of breast cancer risk-reduction, this review will focus on the clinical effects of polyphenols on reducing recurrence. Overall, we recommend breast cancer patients consume a diet naturally high in flavonol polyphenols including tea, vegetables (onion, broccoli), and fruit (apples, citrus). At least five servings of vegetables and fruit daily appear protective. Moderate soy protein consumption (5-10 g daily) and the Mediterranean dietary pattern show the most promise for breast cancer patients. In this review, we present an overview of clinical trials on supplementary polyphenols of dietary patterns rich in polyphenols on breast cancer recurrence, mechanistic data, and novel delivery systems currently being researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Braakhuis
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Peta Campion
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Karen S Bishop
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Center, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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11
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Rivas A, Monteagudo C, Heras-Gonzalez L, Mariscal-Arcas M, Lorenzo-Tovar ML, Olea-Serrano F. Association of bisphenol A exposure with dietary quality indices in Spanish schoolchildren. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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12
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Sarna LK, Sid V, Wang P, Siow YL, House JD, O K. Tyrosol Attenuates High Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Stress: Potential Involvement of Cystathionine β-Synthase and Cystathionine γ-Lyase. Lipids 2015; 51:583-90. [PMID: 26518313 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is known for its cardioprotective effects. Recently, its protective qualities have also been reported in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Oxidative stress is one of the important factors responsible for the development and progression of NAFLD. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a multifaceted gasotransmitter, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in NAFLD. Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) are major enzymes responsible for endogenous H2S synthesis. Since oxidative stress contributes to NAFLD pathogenesis, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of tyrosol, a major compound in olive oil and white wine, on high fat diet-induced hepatic oxidative stress and the mechanisms involved. Mice (C57BL/6) were fed for 5 weeks with a control diet (10 % kcal fat), a high fat diet (60 % kcal fat, HFD) or a HFD supplemented with tyrosol. High fat diet feeding induced hepatic oxidative stress, as indicated by the significant increase in lipid peroxidation and NADPH oxidase activity. Tyrosol supplementation significantly increased hepatic CBS and CSE expression and H2S synthesis in high fat diet-fed mice. Such effects were associated with the attenuation of high fat diet-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation and the restoration of the redox equilibrium of the antioxidant glutathione. Tyrosol also inhibited palmitic acid-induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes (HepG2 cells). These results suggest that the antioxidant properties of tyrosol may be mediated through functional changes in CBS and CSE activity, which might contribute to the hepatoprotective effect of the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsei K Sarna
- CCARM, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Victoria Sid
- CCARM, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Pengqi Wang
- CCARM, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Yaw L Siow
- CCARM, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - James D House
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Human Nutritional Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Karmin O
- CCARM, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada. .,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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13
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Vilaplana-Pérez C, Auñón D, García-Flores LA, Gil-Izquierdo A. Hydroxytyrosol and potential uses in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and AIDS. Front Nutr 2014; 1:18. [PMID: 25988120 PMCID: PMC4428486 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2014.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol is one of the main phenolic components of olive oil. It is present in the fruit and leaf of the olive (Olea europaea L.). During the past decades, it has been well documented that this phenolic compound has health benefits and a protective action has been found in preclinical studies against several diseases. Here, we review its bioavailability in human beings and several assays showing significant results related with cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Mechanisms of action include potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, among others. The importance of hydroxytyrosol in protection of low-density lipoproteins and consequently its implication in the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk has been highlighted by the European Food Safety Authority, concluding that 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives should be consumed daily to reach this effect at physiological level. We discuss the potential uses of this compound in supplements, nutraceutic foods, or topical formulations in the disease risk reduction. Finally, we conclude that more studies are needed to sustain or reject many other health claims not yet fully documented and to validate these newly available hydroxytyrosol-based products, because it seems to be a good candidate to reduce the risk of diseases mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vilaplana-Pérez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC , Murcia , Spain
| | - David Auñón
- Department of Research and Development, Seprox BIOTECH, S.L. , Madrid , Spain
| | - Libia A García-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC , Murcia , Spain
| | - Angel Gil-Izquierdo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC , Murcia , Spain
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