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Wang F, Sun H, Kang C, Yan J, Chen J, Feng X, Yang B. Genomic island-encoded regulatory proteins in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Virulence 2024; 15:2313407. [PMID: 38357901 PMCID: PMC10877973 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2313407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an important zoonotic pathogen that is a major cause of foodborne diseases in most developed and developing countries and can cause uncomplicated diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis, and haemolytic uraemic syndrome. O islands (OIs), which are unique genomic islands in EHEC O157:H7, are composed of 177 isolated genomic features and harbour 26% of the total genes that are absent in the non-pathogenic E. coli K-12 genome. In the last twenty years, many OI-encoded proteins have been characterized, including proteins regulating virulence, motility, and acid resistance. Given the critical role of regulatory proteins in the systematic and hierarchical regulation of bacterial biological processes, this review summarizes the OI-encoded regulatory proteins in EHEC O157:H7 characterized to date, emphasizing OI-encoded regulatory proteins for bacterial virulence, motility, and acid resistance. This summary will be significant for further exploration and understanding of the virulence and pathogenesis of EHEC O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongmin Sun
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenbo Kang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Yan
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingnan Chen
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuequan Feng
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Yang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Ahmed WI, Mohammed AN, Sleim ASA. Efficacy evaluation of hydrogen peroxide disinfectant based zinc oxide nanoparticles against diarrhea causing Escherichia coli in ruminant animals and broiler chickens. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9159. [PMID: 38644372 PMCID: PMC11033286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Different strains of Escherichia coli that exhibit genetic characteristics linked to diarrhea pose a major threat to both human and animal health. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), the genetic linkages and routes of transmission between E. coli isolates from different animal species. The efficiency of disinfectants such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Virkon®S, TH4+, nano zinc oxide (ZnO NPs), and H2O2-based zinc oxide nanoparticles (H2O2/ZnO NPs) against isolated strains of E. coli was evaluated. Using 100 fecal samples from different diarrheal species (cow n = 30, sheep n = 40, and broiler chicken n = 30) for E. coli isolation and identification using the entero-bacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR) fingerprinting technique. The E. coli properties isolated from several diarrheal species were examined for their pathogenicity in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, and particle size distribution were used for the synthesis and characterization of ZnO NPs and H2O2/ZnO NPs. The broth macro-dilution method was used to assess the effectiveness of disinfectants and disinfectant-based nanoparticles against E. coli strains. Regarding the results, the hemolytic activity and Congo red binding assays of pathogenic E. coli isolates were 55.3 and 44.7%, respectively. Eleven virulent E. coli isolates were typed into five ERIC-types (A1, A2, B1, B2, and B3) using the ERIC-PCR method. These types clustered into two main clusters (A and B) with 75% similarity. In conclusion, there was 90% similarity between the sheep samples' ERIC types A1 and A2. On the other hand, 89% of the ERIC types B1, B2, and B3 of cows and poultry samples were comparable. The H2O2/ZnO NPs composite exhibits potential antibacterial action against E. coli isolates at 0.04 mg/ml after 120 min of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa I Ahmed
- Bacteriology Lab., Alexandria Provincial Lab., Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa N Mohammed
- Department of Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Al-Shimaa A Sleim
- Bacteriology Lab., Alexandria Provincial Lab., Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
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Wang Q, Wei Y, Huang Y, Qin J, Liu B, Liu R, Chen X, Li D, Wang Q, Li X, Yang X, Li Y, Sun H. Z3495, a LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulator Encoded in O Island 97, Regulates Virulence Gene Expression in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Microorganisms 2024; 12:140. [PMID: 38257967 PMCID: PMC10819331 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an important foodborne pathogen that infects humans by colonizing the large intestine. The genome of EHEC O157:H7 contains 177 unique O islands (OIs). Certain OIs significantly contribute to the heightened virulence and pathogenicity exhibited by EHEC O157:H7. However, the function of most OI genes remains unknown. We demonstrated here that EHEC O157:H7 adherence to and colonization of the mouse large intestine are both dependent on OI-97. Z3495, which is annotated as a LysR-type transcriptional regulator and encoded in OI-97, contributes to this phenotype. Z3495 activated the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) gene expression, promoting bacterial adherence. Deletion of z3495 significantly decreased the transcription of ler and other LEE genes, the ability to adhere to the host cells, and colonization in the mouse large intestine. Furthermore, the ChIP-seq results confirmed that Z3495 can directly bind to the promoter region of rcsF, which is a well-known activator of Ler, and increase LEE gene expression. Finally, phylogenetic analysis revealed that Z3495 is a widespread transcriptional regulator in enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. As a result of this study, we have gained a deeper understanding of how bacteria control their virulence and provide another example of a laterally acquired regulator that regulates LEE gene expression in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yi Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yu Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingliang Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Nankai International Advanced Research Institute, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Ruiying Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xintong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinyuan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuanke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
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Naidoo N, Zishiri OT. Comparative genomics analysis and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains reveal virulence genes, resistance genes, prophages and plasmids. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:791. [PMID: 38124028 PMCID: PMC10731853 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen that has been linked to global disease outbreaks. These diseases include hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. It is vital to know the features that make this strain pathogenic to understand the development of disease outbreaks. In the current study, a comparative genomic analysis was carried out to determine the presence of structural and functional features of O157:H7 strains obtained from 115 National Center for Biotechnology Information database. These strains of interest were analysed in the following programs: BLAST Ring Image Generator, PlasmidFinder, ResFinder, VirulenceFinder, IslandViewer 4 and PHASTER. Five strains (ECP19-198, ECP19-798, F7508, F8952, H2495) demonstrated a great homology with Sakai because of a few regions missing. Five resistant genes were identified, however, Macrolide-associated resistance gene mdf(A) was commonly found in all genomes. Majority of the strains (97%) were positive for 15 of the virulent genes (espA, espB, espF, espJ, gad, chuA, eae, iss, nleA, nleB, nleC, ompT, tccP, terC and tir). The plasmid analysis demonstrated that the IncF group was the most prevalent in the strains analysed. The prophage and genomic island analysis showed a distribution of bacteriophages and genomic islands respectively. The results indicated that structural and functional features of the many O157:H7 strains differ and may be a result of obtaining mobile genetic elements via horizontal gene transfer. Understanding the evolution of O157:H7 strains pathogenicity in terms of their structural and functional features will enable the development of detection and control of transmission strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Oliver T Zishiri
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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Liu B, Jiang L, Liu Y, Sun H, Yan J, Kang C, Yang B. Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli utilizes host- and microbiota-derived L-malate as a signaling molecule for intestinal colonization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7227. [PMID: 37945607 PMCID: PMC10636207 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract is a complex environment that hosts a diverse microbial community. To establish infection, bacterial pathogens must be able to compete with the indigenous microbiota for nutrients, as well as sense the host environment and modulate the expression of genes essential for colonization and virulence. Here, we found that enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 imports host- and microbiota-derived L-malate using the DcuABC transporters and converts these substrates into fumarate to fuel anaerobic fumarate respiration during infection, thereby promoting its colonization of the host intestine. Moreover, L-malate is important not only for nutrient metabolism but also as a signaling molecule that activates virulence gene expression in EHEC O157:H7. The complete virulence-regulating pathway was elucidated; the DcuS/DcuR two-component system senses high L-malate levels and transduces the signal to the master virulence regulator Ler, which in turn activates locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) genes to promote EHEC O157:H7 adherence to epithelial cells of the large intestine. Disruption of this virulence-regulating pathway by deleting either dcuS or dcuR significantly reduced colonization by EHEC O157:H7 in the infant rabbit intestinal tract; therefore, targeting these genes and altering physiological aspects of the intestinal environment may offer alternatives for EHEC infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Jiang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yutao Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Sun
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Chenbo Kang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
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Mosadegh S, Abtahi H, Amani J, Karizi SZ, Salmanian AH. Protective immunization against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae Type 1 by chitosan nanoparticle loaded with recombinant chimeric antigens comprising EIT and STX1B-IpaD. Microb Pathog 2023; 184:106344. [PMID: 37704060 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrated that Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (S. dysenteriae1) are considered pathogens, that are connected with diarrhea and are still the greatest cause of death in children under the age of five years, worldwide. EHEC and S. dysenteriae 1 infections can be prevented and managed using a vaccination strategy against pathogen attachment stages. In this study, the chitosan nanostructures were loaded with recombinant EIT and STX1B-IpaD polypeptides. The immunogenic properties of this nano-vaccine candidate were investigated. The EIT and STX1B-IpaD recombinant proteins were heterologous expressed, purified, and confirmed by western blotting. The chitosan nanoparticles, were used to encapsulate the purified proteins. The immunogenicity of recombinant nano vaccine candidate, was examined in three groups of BalB/c mice by injection, oral delivery, and combination of oral-injection. ELISA and antibody titer, evaluated the humoral immune response. Finally, all three mice groups were challenged by two pathogens to test the ability of the nano-vaccine candidate to protect against bacterial infection. The Sereny test in guinea pigs was used to confirm the neutralizing effect of immune sera in controlling S. dysenteriae 1, infections. SDS-PAGE and western blotting, confirmed the presence and specificity of 63 and 27 kDa recombinant EIT and STX1B-IpaD, respectively. The results show that the nanoparticles containing recombinant proteins could stimulate the systemic and mucosal immune systems by producing IgG and IgA, respectively. The challenge test showed that, the candidate nano-vaccine could protect the animal model from bacterial infection. The combination of multiple recombinant proteins, carrying several epitopes and natural nanoparticles could evocate remarkable humoral and mucosal responses and improve the protection properties of synthetic antigens. Furthermore, compared with other available antigen delivery methods, using oral delivery as immune priming and injection as a booster method, could act as combinatorial methods to achieve a higher level of immunity. This approach could present an appropriate vaccine candidate against both EHEC and S. dysenteriae 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Mosadegh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Abtahi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Zare Karizi
- Department of Biology, Varamin Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pishva, Varamin, Iran
| | - Ali Hatef Salmanian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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Xue L, Luo X, Xing JH, Wang D, Zhang DX. Isolation and pathogenicity evaluation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106250. [PMID: 37454944 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is the primary serotype of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), which can cause diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. It is considered as a major health concern due to it being a zoonotic disease that is transmitted through food. In this study, a pathogenic bacterium was isolated from infected carp, which identified as E. coli O157:H7 named X21 through genetic sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical tests. In the experiment, crucian carp was used as a model to study the pathogenicity of the isolate, the pathological histological observations and cytokines expression of fish tissues were determined after bacterial challenge. The results showed that severe pathological damage observed in the liver, spleen, headkidney of fish infected with isolate X21. Besides, we found that accumulation of IgT+ B cells in the lamina propria of intestine, and up-regulation of SUCH-r, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-11, MyD88, and TNF-α gene in various tissues. After challenged, the survivability of crucian carp infected with isolate X21 stands at a mere 14.27%. To our knowledge, this is the first report that E. coli O157:H7 infected the freshwater fish C. carpio, which indicates that this bacterium is a potential threat to public health and freshwater fish aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Xue
- Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, 1 Xuefu Road, Zuojia Town, Changyi District, Jilin, 132109, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, 1 Xuefu Road, Zuojia Town, Changyi District, Jilin, 132109, China
| | - Jun-Hong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Dong-Xing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Pasquali F, Crippa C, Parisi A, Lucchi A, Gambi L, Merlotti A, Remondini D, Stonfer M, Manfreda G. Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Extraintestinal E. coli Populations Pre- and Post-Antimicrobial Therapy on Broilers Affected by Colisepticemia. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2590. [PMID: 37627381 PMCID: PMC10451725 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of E. coli during enrofloxacin therapy in broilers affected by colisepticemia. Three unrelated farms with ongoing colibacillosis outbreaks were sampled at day 1 before treatment and at days 5, 10 and 24 post-treatment. A total of 179 E. coli isolates were collected from extraintestinal organs and submitted to serotyping, PFGE and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against enrofloxacin. PFGE clusters shifted from 3-6 at D1 to 10-16 at D5, D10 and D24, suggesting an increased population diversity after the treatment. The majority of strains belonged to NT or O78 and to ST117 or ST23. PFGE results were confirmed with SNP calling: no persistent isolates were identified. An increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones in E. coli isolates was observed along the treatment. Resistome analyses revealed qnrB19 and qnrS1 genes along with mutations in the gyrA, parC and parE genes. Interestingly, despite a fluoroquinolone selective pressure, qnr-carrying plasmids did not persist. On the contrary, two conjugative AMR plasmid clusters (AB233 and AA474) harboring AMR genes other than qnr were persistent since they were identified in both D1 and D10 genomes in two farms. Further studies should be performed in order to confirm plasmid persistence not associated (in vivo) to antimicrobial selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Pasquali
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (A.L.); (L.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Cecilia Crippa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (A.L.); (L.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, 71121 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Alex Lucchi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (A.L.); (L.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Lucia Gambi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (A.L.); (L.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Alessandra Merlotti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Daniel Remondini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.); (D.R.)
| | | | - Gerardo Manfreda
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (A.L.); (L.G.); (G.M.)
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9
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Yang W, Sun H, Yan J, Kang C, Wu J, Yang B. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli senses microbiota-derived nicotinamide to increase its virulence and colonization in the large intestine. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112638. [PMID: 37294635 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen that specifically colonizes and infects the human large intestine. EHEC O157:H7 engages intricate regulatory pathways to detect host intestinal signals and regulate virulence-related gene expression during colonization and infection. However, the overall EHEC O157:H7 virulence regulatory network in the human large intestine remains incompletely understood. Here, we report a complete signal regulatory pathway where the EvgSA two-component system responds to high-nicotinamide levels produced by microbiota in the large intestine and directly activates loci of enterocyte effacement genes to promote EHEC O157:H7 adherence and colonization. This EvgSA-mediated nicotinamide signaling regulatory pathway is conserved and widespread among several other EHEC serotypes. Moreover, disruption of this virulence-regulating pathway by the deletion of evgS or evgA significantly decreased EHEC O157:H7 adherence and colonization in the mouse intestinal tract, indicating that these genes could be potential targets for the development of new therapeutics for EHEC O157:H7 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Hongmin Sun
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Chenbo Kang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Junli Wu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China.
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Gambushe SM, Zishiri OT, El Zowalaty ME. Review of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Prevalence, Pathogenicity, Heavy Metal and Antimicrobial Resistance, African Perspective. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:4645-4673. [PMID: 36039321 PMCID: PMC9420067 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s365269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important food-borne and water-borne pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans and may cause serious morbidity and large outbreaks worldwide. People with bloody diarrhea have an increased risk of developing serious complications such as acute renal failure and neurological damage. The hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a serious condition, and up to 50% of HUS patients can develop long-term renal dysfunction or blood pressure-related complications. Children aged two to six years have an increased risk of developing HUS. Clinical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infections show fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. The EPEC reservoir is unknown but is suggested to be an asymptomatic or symptomatic child or an asymptomatic adult carrier. Spreading is often through the fecal-oral route. The prevalence of EPEC in infants is low, and EPEC is highly contagious in children. EPEC disease in children tends to be clinically more severe than other diarrheal infections. Some children experience persistent diarrhea that lasts for more than 14 days. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are a compelling cause of the problem of diarrheal disease. ETEC strains are a global concern as the bacteria are the leading cause of acute watery diarrhea in children and the leading cause of traveler’s diarrhea. It is contagious to children and can cause chronic diarrhea that can affect the development and well-being of children. Infections with diarrheagenic E. coli are more common in African countries. Antimicrobial agents should be avoided in the acute phase of the disease since studies showed that antimicrobial agents may increase the risk of HUS in children. The South African National Veterinary Surveillance and Monitoring Programme for Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs has reported increased antimicrobial resistance in E. coli. Pathogenic bacterial strains have developed resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents due to antimicrobial misuse. The induced heavy metal tolerance may also enhance antimicrobial resistance. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance depends on the type of the antimicrobial agent, bacterial strain, dose, time, and mode of administration. Developing countries are severely affected by increased resistance to antimicrobial agents due to poverty, lack of proper hygiene, and clean water, which can lead to bacterial infections with limited treatment options due to resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M Gambushe
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Oliver T Zishiri
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE 75 123, Sweden
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Canciu A, Cernat A, Tertis M, Botarca S, Bordea MA, Wang J, Cristea C. Proof of Concept for the Detection with Custom Printed Electrodes of Enterobactin as a Marker of Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179884. [PMID: 36077283 PMCID: PMC9456371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and decentralized detection of bacteria from biomedical, environmental, and food samples has the capacity to improve the conventional protocols and to change a predictable outcome. Identifying new markers and analysis methods represents an attractive strategy for the indirect but simpler and safer detection of pathogens that could replace existing methods. Enterobactin (Ent), a siderophore produced by Escherichia coli or other Gram-negative bacteria, was studied on different electrode materials to reveal its electrochemical fingerprint—very useful information towards the detection of the bacteria based on this analyte. The molecule was successfully identified in culture media samples and a future goal is the development of a rapid antibiogram. The presence of Ent was also assessed in wastewater and treated water samples collected from the municipal sewage treatment plant, groundwater, and tap water. Moreover, a custom configuration printed on a medical glove was employed to detect the target in the presence of another bacterial marker, namely pyocyanin (PyoC), that being a metabolite specific of another pathogen bacterium, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Such new mobile and wearable platforms offer considerable promise for rapid low-cost on-site screening of bacterial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Canciu
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Cernat
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tertis
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Silvia Botarca
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Madalina Adriana Bordea
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Sun H, Wang M, Liu Y, Wu P, Yao T, Yang W, Yang Q, Yan J, Yang B. Regulation of flagellar motility and biosynthesis in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2110822. [PMID: 35971812 PMCID: PMC9387321 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTARCTEnterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a human pathogen that causes a variety of diseases, such as hemorrhagic colitis and lethal hemolytic uremic syndrome. Flagellum-dependent motility plays diverse roles in the pathogenesis of EHEC O157:H7, including its migration to an optimal host site, adherence and colonization, survival at the infection site, and post-infection dispersal. However, it is very expensive for cellular economy in terms of the number of genes and the energy required for flagellar biosynthesis and functioning. Furthermore, the flagellar filament bears strong antigenic properties that induce a strong host immune response. Consequently, the flagellar gene expression and biosynthesis are highly regulated to occur at the appropriate time and place by different regulatory influences. The present review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of EHEC O157:H7 motility and flagellar biosynthesis, especially in terms of flagellar gene regulation by environmental factors, regulatory proteins, and small regulatory RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Sun
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Yutao Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Wu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Yao
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Yang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Yang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Yan
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Yang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China,CONTACT Bin Yang TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin300457, P. R. China
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Escherichia coli 0157:H7 virulence factors and the ruminant reservoir. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2022; 35:205-214. [PMID: 35665714 PMCID: PMC9302714 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review updates recent findings about Escherichia coli O157:H7 virulence factors and its bovine reservoir. This Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli belongs to the Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) pathotype causing hemorrhagic colitis. Its low infectious dose makes it an efficient, severe, foodborne pathogen. Although EHEC remains in the intestine, Stx can translocate systemically and is cytotoxic to microvascular endothelial cells, especially in the kidney and brain. Disease can progress to life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with hemolytic anemia, acute kidney failure, and thrombocytopenia. Young children, the immunocompromised, and the elderly are at the highest risk for HUS. Healthy ruminants are the major reservoir of EHEC and cattle are the primary source of human exposure. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in understanding E. coli O157:H7 pathogenesis include molecular mechanisms of virulence, bacterial adherence, type three secretion effectors, intestinal microbiome, inflammation, and reservoir maintenance. SUMMARY Many aspects of E. coli O157:H7 disease remain unclear and include the role of the human and bovine intestinal microbiomes in infection. Therapeutic strategies involve controlling inflammatory responses and/or intestinal barrier function. Finally, elimination/reduction of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle using CRISPR-engineered conjugative bacterial plasmids and/or on-farm management likely hold solutions to reduce infections and increase food safety/security.
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