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Jinato T, Anuntakarun S, Satthawiwat N, Chuaypen N, Tangkijvanich P. Distinct alterations of gut microbiota between viral- and non-viral-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:34. [PMID: 38183473 PMCID: PMC10771587 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Altered gut microbiota has been connected to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence and advancement. This study was conducted to identify a gut microbiota signature in differentiating between viral-related HCC (Viral-HCC) and non-hepatitis B-, non-hepatitis C-related HCC (NBNC-HCC). Fecal specimens were obtained from 16 healthy controls, 33 patients with viral-HCC (17 and 16 cases with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, respectively), and 18 patients with NBNC-HCC. Compositions of fecal microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis was performed by the DADA2 pipeline in the R program. Significantly different genera from the top 50 relative abundance were used to classify between subgroups of HCC by the Random Forest algorithm. Our data demonstrated that the HCC group had a significantly decreased alpha-diversity and changed microbial composition in comparison with healthy controls. Within the top 50 relative abundance, there were 11 genera including Faecalibacterium, Agathobacter, and Coprococcus that were significantly enhanced in Viral-HCC, while 5 genera such as Bacteroides, Streptococcus, Ruminococcus gnavus group, Parabacteroides, and Erysipelatoclostridium were enhanced in NBNC-HCC. Compared to Viral-HCC, the NBNC-HCC subgroup significantly reduced various short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, as well as declined fecal butyrate but elevated plasma surrogate markers of microbial translocation. Based on the machine learning algorithm, a high diagnostic accuracy to classify HCC subgroups was achieved with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.94. Collectively, these data revealed that gut dysbiosis was distinct according to etiological factors of HCC, which might play an essential role in hepatocarcinogenesis. These findings underscore the possible use of a gut microbiota signature for the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches regarding different subgroups of HCC. KEY POINTS: • Gut dysbiosis is connected to hepatocarcinogenesis and can be used as a novel biomarker. • Gut microbiota composition is significantly altered in different etiological factors of HCC. • Microbiota-based signature can accurately distinguish between Viral-HCC and NBNC-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thananya Jinato
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Medical Sciences, Graduate Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Songtham Anuntakarun
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nantawat Satthawiwat
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Natthaya Chuaypen
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Li X, Shang S, Wu M, Song Q, Chen D. Gut microbial metabolites in lung cancer development and immunotherapy: Novel insights into gut-lung axis. Cancer Lett 2024:217096. [PMID: 38969161 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic derivatives of numerous microorganisms inhabiting the human gut can participate in physiological activities and immune status of the lungs through the gut-lung axis. The current well-established microbial metabolites include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan and its derivatives, polyamines (PAs), secondary bile acids (SBAs), etc. As the study continues to deepen, the critical function of microbial metabolites in the occurrence and treatment of lung cancer has gradually been revealed. Microbial derivates can enter the circulation system to modulate the immune microenvironment of lung cancer. Mechanistically, oncometabolites damage host DNA and promote the occurrence of lung cancer, while tumor-suppresive metabolites directly affect the immune system to combat the malignant properties of cancer cells and even show considerable application potential in improving the efficacy of lung cancer immunotherapy. Considering the crosstalk along the gut-lung axis, in-depth exploration of microbial metabolites in patients' feces or serum will provide novel guidance for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment selection strategies. In addition, targeted therapeutics on microbial metabolites are expected to overcome the bottleneck of lung cancer immunotherapy and alleviate adverse reactions, including fecal microbiota transplantation, microecological preparations, metabolite synthesis and drugs targeting metabolic pathways. In summary, this review provides novel insights and explanations on the intricate interplay between gut microbial metabolites and lung cancer development, and immunotherapy through the lens of the gut-lung axis, which further confirms the possible translational potential of the microbiome metabolome in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shijie Shang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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Yue B, Gao Y, Hu Y, Zhan M, Wu Y, Lu L. Harnessing CD8 + T cell dynamics in hepatitis B virus-associated liver diseases: Insights, therapies and future directions. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1731. [PMID: 38935536 PMCID: PMC11210506 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection playsa significant role in the etiology and progression of liver-relatedpathologies, encompassing chronic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventual hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC). Notably, HBV infection stands as the primary etiologicalfactor driving the development of HCC. Given the significant contribution ofHBV infection to liver diseases, a comprehensive understanding of immunedynamics in the liver microenvironment, spanning chronic HBV infection,fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC, is essential. In this review, we focused on thefunctional alterations of CD8+ T cells within the pathogenic livermicroenvironment from HBV infection to HCC. We thoroughly reviewed the roles ofhypoxia, acidic pH, metabolic reprogramming, amino acid deficiency, inhibitory checkpointmolecules, immunosuppressive cytokines, and the gut-liver communication in shapingthe dysfunction of CD8+ T cells in the liver microenvironment. Thesefactors significantly impact the clinical prognosis. Furthermore, we comprehensivelyreviewed CD8+ T cell-based therapy strategies for liver diseases,encompassing HBV infection, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC. Strategies includeimmune checkpoint blockades, metabolic T-cell targeting therapy, therapeuticT-cell vaccination, and adoptive transfer of genetically engineered CD8+ T cells, along with the combined usage of programmed cell death protein-1/programmeddeath ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors with mitochondria-targeted antioxidants.Given that targeting CD8+ T cells at various stages of hepatitis Bvirus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV + HCC) shows promise, we reviewedthe ongoing need for research to elucidate the complex interplay between CD8+ T cells and the liver microenvironment in the progression of HBV infection toHCC. We also discussed personalized treatment regimens, combining therapeuticstrategies and harnessing gut microbiota modulation, which holds potential forenhanced clinical benefits. In conclusion, this review delves into the immunedynamics of CD8+ T cells, microenvironment changes, and therapeuticstrategies within the liver during chronic HBV infection, HCC progression, andrelated liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and TreatmentZhuhai Institute of Translational MedicineZhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Jinan UniversityZhuhaiGuangdongChina
| | - Yuxia Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and TreatmentZhuhai Institute of Translational MedicineZhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Jinan UniversityZhuhaiGuangdongChina
| | - Yi Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology DepartmentSchool of MedicineFaculty of Medical ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and TreatmentZhuhai Institute of Translational MedicineZhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Jinan UniversityZhuhaiGuangdongChina
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and TreatmentZhuhai Institute of Translational MedicineZhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Jinan UniversityZhuhaiGuangdongChina
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and TreatmentZhuhai Institute of Translational MedicineZhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Jinan UniversityZhuhaiGuangdongChina
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Nawaz M, Afridi MN, Ullah I, Khan IA, Ishaq MS, Su Y, Rizwan HM, Cheng KW, Zhou Q, Wang M. The inhibitory effects of endophytic metabolites on glycated proteins under non-communicable disease conditions: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131869. [PMID: 38670195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Protein glycation in human body is closely linked to the onset/progression of diabetes associated complications. These glycated proteins are commonly known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Recent literature has also highlighted the involvement of AGEs in other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular, cancer, and Alzheimer's diseases and explored the impact of plant metabolites on AGEs formation. However, the significance of endophytic metabolites against AGEs has recently garnered attention but has not been thoroughly summarized thus far. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the importance of endophytic metabolites in combating AGEs under NCDs conditions. Additionally, this review aims to elucidate the processes of AGEs formation, absorption, metabolism, and their harmful effects. Collectively, endophytic metabolites play a crucial role in modulating signaling pathways and enhancing the digestibility properties of gut microbiota (GM) by targeting on AGEs/RAGE (receptor for AGEs) axis. Furthermore, these metabolites exhibit anti-AGEs activities similar to those derived from host plants, but at a lower cost and higher production rate. The use of endophytes as a source of such metabolites offers a risk-free and sustainable approach that holds substantial potential for the treatment and management of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Naveed Afridi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Irfan Ullah
- CPSP/REU/SGR-2016-021-8421, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali Khan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib Ishaq
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Yuting Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Zhang S, Chau HT, Tun HM, Huang FY, Wong DKH, Mak LY, Yuen MF, Seto WK. Virological response to nucleos(t)ide analogues treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients is associated with Bacteroides-dominant gut microbiome. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105101. [PMID: 38583259 PMCID: PMC11002572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut dysbiosis is present in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In this study, we integrated microbiome and metabolome analysis to investigate the role of gut microbiome in virological response to nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) treatment. METHODS Chronic HBV patients were prospectively recruited for steatosis and fibrosis assessments via liver elastography, with full-length 16S sequencing performed to identify the compositional gut microbiota differences. Fasting plasma bile acids were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. FINDINGS All patients (n = 110) were characterized into three distinct microbial clusters by their dominant genus: c-Bacteroides, c-Blautia, and c-Prevotella. Patients with c-Bacteroides had a higher plasma ursodeoxycholic acids (UDCA) level and an increase in 7-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (secondary bile acid biotransformation) than other clusters. In NAs-treated patients (n = 84), c-Bacteroides was associated with higher odds of plasma HBV-DNA undetectability when compared with non-c-Bacteroides clusters (OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.43-8.96, p = 0.01). c-Blautia was positively associated with advanced fibrosis (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.09-7.31, p = 0.04). No such associations were found in treatment-naïve patients. Increased Escherichia coli relative abundance (0.21% vs. 0.03%, p = 0.035) was found in on-treatment patients (median treatment duration 98.1 months) with advanced fibrosis despite HBV DNA undetectability. An enrichment in l-tryptophan biosynthesis was observed in patients with advanced fibrosis, which exhibited a positive correlation with Escherichia coli. INTERPRETATION Collectively, unique bacterial signatures, including c-Bacteroides and c-Blautia, were associated with virological undetectability and fibrosis evolution during NAs therapy in chronic HBV, setting up intriguing possibilities in optimizing HBV treatment. FUNDING This study was supported by the Guangdong Natural Science Fund (2019A1515012003).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hau-Tak Chau
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hein Min Tun
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; System Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance (SMART) Lab, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fung-Yu Huang
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danny Ka-Ho Wong
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lung-Yi Mak
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wai-Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Xie Z, Huang J, Sun G, He S, Luo Z, Zhang L, Li L, Yao M, Du C, Yu W, Feng Y, Yang D, Zhang J, Ge C, Li H, Geng M. Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals gut microbiota dysbiosis and systemic disturbance in major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2024; 334:115804. [PMID: 38417224 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) involves systemic changes in peripheral blood and gut microbiota, but the current understanding is incomplete. Herein, we conducted a multi-omics analysis of fecal and blood samples obtained from an observational cohort including MDD patients (n = 99) and healthy control (HC, n = 50). 16S rRNA sequencing of gut microbiota showed structural alterations in MDD, as characterized by increased Enterococcus. Metagenomics sequencing of gut microbiota showed substantial functional alterations including upregulation in the superpathway of the glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation and downregulation in various metabolic pathways in MDD. Plasma metabolomics revealed decreased amino acids and bile acids, together with increased sphingolipids and cholesterol esters in MDD. Notably, metabolites involved in arginine and proline metabolism were decreased while sphingolipid metabolic pathway were increased. Mass cytometry analysis of blood immune cell subtypes showed rises in proinflammatory immune subsets and declines in anti-inflammatory immune subsets in MDD. Furthermore, our findings revealed disease severity-related factors of MDD. Interestingly, we classified MDD into two immune subtypes that were highly correlated with disease relapse. Moreover, we established discriminative signatures that differentiate MDD from HC. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the MDD pathogenesis and provide valuable resources for the discovery of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoquan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guangqiang Sun
- Green Valley (shanghai) pharmaceutical technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
| | - Shen He
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhiyu Luo
- Green Valley (shanghai) pharmaceutical technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linna Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Liang Li
- Green Valley (shanghai) pharmaceutical technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Du
- Green Valley (shanghai) pharmaceutical technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjuan Yu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Green Valley (shanghai) pharmaceutical technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dabing Yang
- Green Valley (shanghai) pharmaceutical technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Green Valley (shanghai) pharmaceutical technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changrong Ge
- Green Valley (shanghai) pharmaceutical technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huafang Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Meiyu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China.
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Gao MZ, Xu LL, Li Y, Wang X, Chen P, Shi SF, Liu LJ, Lv JC, Hong FY, Zhang H, Zhou XJ. Hepatitis B Virus Status and Clinical Outcomes in IgA Nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:1057-1066. [PMID: 38765575 PMCID: PMC11101714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) has been reported to coexist with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Despite the clinical significance of this association, there is a lack of comprehensive research investigating the impact of various common conditions following HBV infection and the potential influence of anti-HBV therapy on the progression of IgAN. Methods We investigated 3 distinct states of HBV infection, including chronic HBV infection, resolved HBV infection, and the deposition of hepatitis B antigens in renal tissue, in a follow-up database of 1961 patients with IgAN. IgAN progression was defined as a loss of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >40%. Multivariable cause-specific hazards models to analyze the relationship between HBV states and IgAN progression. Results Chronic HBV infection was identified as an independent risk factor for IgAN progression, supported by both prematching analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-2.44; P = 0.024) and propensity-score matching analysis (HR, 1.74; 95% CI 1.28-2.37; P < 0.001). Conversely, resolved HBV infection showed no significant association with IgAN progression (HR, 1.01; 95% CI 0.67-1.52; P = 0.969). Moreover, the presence of HBV deposition in the kidneys and the utilization of anti-HBV therapy did not appear to be significant risk factors for renal outcomes (P > 0.05). Conclusion Chronic HBV infection is an independent risk factor for IgAN progression, whereas resolved HBV infection is not. In patients with IgAN, management of concurrent chronic HBV infection should be enhanced. The presence of HBV deposition in the kidneys and the use of anti-HBV medications do not impact the kidney disease progression in patients with IgAN with concurrent HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-zhu Gao
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin-lin Xu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Su-fang Shi
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-jun Liu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-cheng Lv
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Yuan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-jie Zhou
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Bloom PP, Bajaj JS. The Current and Future State of Microbiome Therapeutics in Liver Disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2024; 119:S36-S41. [PMID: 38153225 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Magdy Wasfy R, Mbaye B, Borentain P, Tidjani Alou M, Murillo Ruiz ML, Caputo A, Andrieu C, Armstrong N, Million M, Gerolami R. Ethanol-Producing Enterocloster bolteae Is Enriched in Chronic Hepatitis B-Associated Gut Dysbiosis: A Case-Control Culturomics Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2437. [PMID: 37894093 PMCID: PMC10608849 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health epidemic that causes fatal complications, leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The link between HBV-related dysbiosis and specific bacterial taxa is still under investigation. Enterocloster is emerging as a new genus (formerly Clostridium), including Enterocloster bolteae, a gut pathogen previously associated with dysbiosis and human diseases such as autism, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Its role in liver diseases, especially HBV infection, is not reported. METHODS The fecal samples of eight patients with chronic HBV infection and ten healthy individuals were analyzed using the high-throughput culturomics approach and compared to 16S rRNA sequencing. Quantification of ethanol, known for its damaging effect on the liver, produced from bacterial strains enriched in chronic HBV was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Using culturomics, 29,120 isolated colonies were analyzed by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF); 340 species were identified (240 species in chronic HBV samples, 254 species in control samples) belonging to 169 genera and 6 phyla. In the chronic HBV group, 65 species were already known in the literature; 48 were associated with humans but had not been previously found in the gut, and 17 had never been associated with humans previously. Six species were newly isolated in our study. By comparing bacterial species frequency, three bacterial genera were serendipitously found with significantly enriched bacterial diversity in patients with chronic HBV: Enterocloster, Clostridium, and Streptococcus (p = 0.0016, p = 0.041, p = 0.053, respectively). However, metagenomics could not identify this enrichment, possibly concerning its insufficient taxonomical resolution (equivocal assignment of operational taxonomic units). At the species level, the significantly enriched species in the chronic HBV group almost all belonged to class Clostridia, such as Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium sporogenes, Enterocloster aldenensis, Enterocloster bolteae, Enterocloster clostridioformis, and Clostridium innocuum. Two E. bolteae strains, isolated from two patients with chronic HBV infection, showed high ethanol production (27 and 200 mM). CONCLUSIONS Culturomics allowed us to identify Enterocloster species, specifically, E. bolteae, enriched in the gut microbiota of patients with chronic HBV. These species had never been isolated in chronic HBV infection before. Moreover, ethanol production by E. bolteae strains isolated from the chronic HBV group could contribute to liver disease progression. Additionally, culturomics might be critical for better elucidating the relationship between dysbiosis and chronic HBV infection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Magdy Wasfy
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Babacar Mbaye
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Borentain
- Unité Hépatologie, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Maryam Tidjani Alou
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Maria Leticia Murillo Ruiz
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Aurelia Caputo
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Claudia Andrieu
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Nicholas Armstrong
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Million
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Rene Gerolami
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
- Unité Hépatologie, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
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Zhang Q, Zhou J, Zhang X, Mao R, Zhang C. Mendelian randomization supports causality between gut microbiota and chronic hepatitis B. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1243811. [PMID: 37655340 PMCID: PMC10467284 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1243811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have provided evidence of a close association between gut microbiota and the progression of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, establishing a causal relationship between gut microbiota and CHB remains a subject of investigation. Methods Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of gut microbiota came from the MiBioGen consortium, while the GWAS summary data of CHB came from the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) Open GWAS project. Based on the maximum likelihood (ML), Mendelian randomization (MR)-Egger regression, inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), and weighted-mode and weighted-median methods, we conducted a bidirectional, two-sample, MR analysis to explore the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and CHB. Additionally, we evaluated the genetic associations between individual gut microbes and CHB using the Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) program. Results According to the IVW method estimates, genetically predicted class Alphaproteobacteria (odds ratio [OR] = 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-0.96; false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.046), genus Family XIII AD3011 group (OR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.39-0.91; FDR = 0.026), genus Prevotella 7 (OR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56-0.94; FDR = 0.022) exhibited a protective effect against CHB. On the other hand, family Family XIII (OR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.03-3.12; FDR = 0.061), genus Eggerthella group (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.04-1.74; FDR = 0.043), genus Eubacterium ventriosum group (OR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.01-2.51; FDR = 0.056), genus Holdemania (OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.00-1.82; FDR = 0.049), and genus Ruminococcus gauvreauii group (OR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.10-2.61; FDR = 0.076) were associated with an increased risk of CHB. The results from LDSC also indicated a significant genetic correlation between most of the aforementioned gut microbiota and CHB. Our reverse MR analysis demonstrated no causal relationship between genetically predicted CHB and gut microbiota, and we observed no significant horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity of instrumental variables (IVs). Conclusion In this study, we identified three types of gut microbiota with a protective effect on CHB and five types with an adverse impact on CHB. We postulate that this information will facilitate the clinical prevention and treatment of CHB through fecal microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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11
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Xie N, Wang Z, Shu Q, Liang X, Wang J, Wu K, Nie Y, Shi Y, Fan D, Wu J. Association between Gut Microbiota and Digestive System Cancers: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2937. [PMID: 37447263 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota closely correlates with the tumorigenesis of digestive system cancers (DSCs). However, whether the causality between gut microbiota and DSCs exists is unknown. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for gut microbiota and DSCs and the bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis were utilized to assess the causality between gut microbiota and DSCs. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of our results. We found that the genus Eggerthella (OR = 0.464, 95%CI: 0.27 to 0.796, p = 0.005) was negatively associated with the risk of gastric cancer. The genetically predicted genus Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group (OR = 0.607, 95%CI: 0.439 to 0.84, p = 0.003) correlated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer, and genus Turicibacter (OR = 0.271, 95%CI: 0.109 to 0.676, p = 0.005) was a protective factor for liver cancer. In the reverse MR, DSCs regulated the relative abundance of specific strains of gut microbiota. We comprehensively screened the association between gut microbiota and DSCs using a bidirectional two-sample MR analysis and identified the causality between several microbial taxa and DSCs. Our discoveries are beneficial for the development of novel microbial markers and microbiota-modifying therapeutics for DSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qiuai Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiru Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yongquan Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jian Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Cui X, Xu X, Hu Y, Li R, Liu Q. Mechanism of Qiguiyin Decoction Treats Pulmonary Infection Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Based on Gut Microbiota and Metabolomics. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3073-3084. [PMID: 37222987 PMCID: PMC10202261 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s405033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Qiguiyin decoction (QGYD) was a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in China. This study investigated the therapeutic effect and the potential mechanism of QGYD on carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) infection. Materials and Methods Pulmonary infections were induced in mice by CRPA. The therapeutic effect of QGYD was evaluated by lung index and pulmonary pathology. The potential effects of QGYD on intestinal flora were detected by gut microbiome. The overall metabolism regulation of QGYD in blood was investigated by metabonomics. Next, the correlation between intestinal flora and metabolites was analyzed to illustrate the relationship between the regulatory effects of QGYD on metabolites and the beneficial effects of intestinal flora. Results QGYD has significant therapeutic effect on CRPA infection. QGYD profoundly inhibited the excessive accumulation of Deferribacteres and Mucispirillum at phylum and genus levels, respectively. Eleven potential metabolites that were abnormally expressed by CRPA infection and significantly reversed by QGYD were identified. Ten of the eleven metabolites significantly regulated by QGYD were related to Deferribacteres. Deferribacteres showed significant positive correlation with DL-lactic acid, phenylalanine and other metabolites and significant negative correlation with vitamin k1. At the genus level, Mucispirillum was closely related to metabolites significantly regulated by QGYD. Mucispirillum was positively correlated with metabolites such as Dl-lactate and negatively correlated with vitamin k1. Conclusion QGYD can improve CRPA infection and has the effect of regulating intestinal flora and metabolism. It was a promising drug against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Cui
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yahui Hu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
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Yang J, Wang D, Li Y, Wang H, Hu Q, Wang Y. Metabolomics in viral hepatitis: advances and review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1189417. [PMID: 37265499 PMCID: PMC10229802 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1189417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a major worldwide public health issue, affecting hundreds of millions of people and causing substantial morbidity and mortality. The majority of the worldwide burden of viral hepatitis is caused by five biologically unrelated hepatotropic viruses: hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV). Metabolomics is an emerging technology that uses qualitative and quantitative analysis of easily accessible samples to provide information of the metabolic levels of biological systems and changes in metabolic and related regulatory pathways. Alterations in glucose, lipid, and amino acid levels are involved in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, and amino acid metabolism. These changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways are associated with the pathogenesis and medication mechanism of viral hepatitis and related diseases. Additionally, differential metabolites can be utilized as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic responses. In this review, we present a thorough overview of developments in metabolomics for viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yang
- Department of Infection Management, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second People’s Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China
| | - Yuancheng Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), Nanjing, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Infection Management, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Infection Management, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Infection Management, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Microorganisms for Ginsenosides Biosynthesis: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031437. [PMID: 36771109 PMCID: PMC9921939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are major bioactive compounds present in the Panax species. Ginsenosides exhibit various pharmaceutical properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimetastatic, hypertension, and neurodegenerative disorder activities. Although several commercial products have been presented on the market, most of the current chemical processes have an unfriendly environment and a high cost of downstream processing. Compared to plant extraction, microbial production exhibits high efficiency, high selectivity, and saves time for the manufacturing of industrial products. To reach the full potential of the pharmaceutical resource of ginsenoside, a suitable microorganism has been developed as a novel approach. In this review, cell biological mechanisms in anticancer activities and the present state of research on the production of ginsenosides are summarized. Microbial hosts, including native endophytes and engineered microbes, have been used as novel and promising approaches. Furthermore, the present challenges and perspectives of using microbial hosts to produce ginsenosides have been discussed.
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Liu S, Yang X. Intestinal flora plays a role in the progression of hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1140126. [PMID: 36968098 PMCID: PMC10034054 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1140126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a vital metabolism and detoxification organ of human body, which is involved in the biotransformation and metabolism of the organism. Hepatitis - cirrhosis - liver cancer are significant and common part of liver diseases. The pathogenesis of liver diseases is generally as followed: inflammation and other pathogenic factors cause persistent damage to the liver, leading to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Patients with chronic hepatitis have a high risk of developing into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even life-threatening liver cancer, which poses a great threat to public health.As the first organ to come into contact with blood from the gut, the liver is profoundly affected by the intestinal flora and its metabolites, with leaky gut and flora imbalance being the triggers of the liver's pathological response. So far, no one has reviewed the role of intestinal flora in this process from the perspective of the progression of hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver cancer and this article reviews the evidence supporting the effect of intestinal flora in the progression of liver disease.
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