1
|
Turkmen AM, Saik NO, Ullman KS. The dynamic nuclear envelope: resilience in health and dysfunction in disease. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102230. [PMID: 37660480 PMCID: PMC10843620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The canonical appearance of the nucleus depends on constant adaptation and remodeling of the nuclear envelope in response to changing biomechanical forces and metabolic demands. Dynamic events at the nuclear envelope play a vital role in supporting key nuclear functions as well as conferring plasticity to this organelle. Moreover, imbalance of these dynamic processes is emerging as a central feature of disease etiology. This review focuses on recent advances that shed light on the myriad events at the nuclear envelope that contribute to resilience and flexibility in nuclear architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse M Turkmen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Natasha O Saik
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Katharine S Ullman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anand D, Chaudhuri A. Grease in the Nucleus: Insights into the Dynamic Life of Nuclear Membranes. J Membr Biol 2022; 256:137-145. [PMID: 36331589 PMCID: PMC10082704 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNucleus is at the center stage of cellular drama orchestrated in the life of a cell and the nucleoplasm is surrounded by a double membranous compartment constituting the Nuclear membrane/envelope (NE) that separates it from the cytoplasm in nucleated cells. The initial understanding of the NE was that of a border security entity between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, separating gene regulation and transcription in the nucleus from translation in the cytoplasm. However, the discovery of a wide array of inherited diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins that reside or interact with NE diverted the interest into deciphering the lipid-protein-rich environment of the NE. Today, the NE is considered a dynamic organelle which forms a functional linkage between the nucleus and the rest of the cell. The exposure of NE to constant mechanical constraints by its connectivity to the large polymer network of the lamina and chromatin on one side, and to the cytoskeleton on the other side results, in a variety of shape changes. We discuss two such deformation, the formation of nuclear blebs and nucleoplasmic reticulum (NER). Although the protein and the lipid composition of NE comprises a small fraction of the total lipid-protein load of the cell, the ability to define the lipid-protein composition of Inner nuclear membrane (INM) and Outer nuclear membrane (ONM) with precision is crucial for obtaining a deeper mechanistic understanding of their lipid-protein interaction and the various signaling pathways that are triggered by them. In addition, this allows us to further understand the direct and indirect roles of NE machinery in the chromosomal organization and gene regulation.
Graphical Abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Anand
- The Microbiology Group, Department of Biology, Biology Building, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arunima Chaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Strategies to visualize cellular membranes with light microscopy are restricted by the diffraction limit of light, which far exceeds the dimensions of lipid bilayers. Here, we describe a method for super-resolution imaging of metabolically labeled phospholipids within cellular membranes. Guided by the principles of expansion microscopy, we develop an all-small molecule approach that enables direct chemical anchoring of bioorthogonally labeled phospholipids into a hydrogel network and is capable of super-resolution imaging of cellular membranes. We apply this method, termed lipid expansion microscopy (LExM), to visualize organelle membranes with precision, including a unique class of membrane-bound structures known as nuclear invaginations. Compatible with standard confocal microscopes, LExM will be widely applicable for super-resolution imaging of phospholipids and cellular membranes in numerous physiological contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M White
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Pratik Kumar
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Amanda N Conwell
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kane Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jeremy M Baskin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen X, Yang Z, Shao Y, Kim K, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wu H, Xu X, Le W. Pitx3 deficiency promotes age-dependent alterations in striatal medium spiny neurons. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:960479. [PMID: 36158557 PMCID: PMC9490232 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.960479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The classical motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are tightly linked to the gradual loss of dopamine within the striatum. Concomitantly, medium spiny neurons (MSNs) also experience morphological changes, such as reduced dendritic complexity and spine density, which may be potentially associated with motor dysfunction as well. Thus, MSNs may serve as the emerging targets for PD therapy besides the midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Results To comprehensively examine pathological alterations of MSNs longitudinally, we established a TH Cre/ Pitx3 fl/fl (Pitx3cKO ) mouse model that developed canonical PD features, including a significant loss of SNc DAergic neurons and motor deficits. During aging, the targeted neurotransmitter, MSNs morphology and DNA methylation profile were significantly altered upon Pitx3 deficiency. Specifically, dopamine, GABA and glutamate decreased in the model at the early stage. While nuclear, soma and dendritic atrophy, as well as nuclear invaginations increased in the aged MSNs of Pitx3cko mice. Furthermore, more nuclear DNA damages were characterized in MSNs during aging, and Pitx3 deficiency aggravated this phenomenon, together with alterations of DNA methylation profiling associated with lipoprotein and nucleus pathway at the late stage. Conclusion The early perturbations of the neurotransmitters within MSNs may potentially contribute to the alterations of metabolism, morphology and epigenetics within the striatum at the late stage, which may provide new perspectives on the diagnosis and pathogenesis of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaofei Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaping Shao
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kunhyok Kim
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haifeng Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolan Xu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mannino PJ, Lusk CP. Quality control mechanisms that protect nuclear envelope identity and function. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213424. [PMID: 36036741 PMCID: PMC9442147 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202205123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a specialization of the endoplasmic reticulum with distinct biochemistry that defines inner and outer membranes connected at a pore membrane that houses nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Quality control mechanisms that maintain the physical integrity and biochemical identity of these membranes are critical to ensure that the NE acts as a selective barrier that also contributes to genome stability and metabolism. As the proteome of the NE is highly integrated, it is challenging to turn over by conventional ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy mechanisms. Further, removal of entire sections of the NE requires elaborate membrane remodeling that is poorly understood. Nonetheless, recent work has made inroads into discovering specializations of cellular degradative machineries tailored to meeting the unique challenges imposed by the NE. In addition, cells have evolved mechanisms to surveil and repair the NE barrier to protect against the deleterious effects of a breach in NE integrity, in the form of either a ruptured NE or a dysfunctional NPC. Here, we synthesize the most recent work exploring NE quality control mechanisms across eukaryotes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dutta S, Polavaram NS, Islam R, Bhattacharya S, Bodas S, Mayr T, Roy S, Albala SAY, Toma MI, Darehshouri A, Borkowetz A, Conrad S, Fuessel S, Wirth M, Baretton GB, Hofbauer LC, Ghosh P, Pienta KJ, Klinkebiel DL, Batra SK, Muders MH, Datta K. Neuropilin-2 regulates androgen-receptor transcriptional activity in advanced prostate cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:3747-3760. [PMID: 35754042 PMCID: PMC9979947 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant transcriptional activity of androgen receptor (AR) is one of the dominant mechanisms for developing of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Analyzing AR-transcriptional complex related to CRPC is therefore important towards understanding the mechanism of therapy resistance. While studying its mechanism, we observed that a transmembrane protein called neuropilin-2 (NRP2) plays a contributory role in forming a novel AR-transcriptional complex containing nuclear pore proteins. Using immunogold electron microscopy, high-resolution confocal microscopy, chromatin immunoprecipitation, proteomics, and other biochemical techniques, we delineated the molecular mechanism of how a specific splice variant of NRP2 becomes sumoylated upon ligand stimulation and translocates to the inner nuclear membrane. This splice variant of NRP2 then stabilizes the complex between AR and nuclear pore proteins to promote CRPC specific gene expression. Both full-length and splice variants of AR have been identified in this specific transcriptional complex. In vitro cell line-based assays indicated that depletion of NRP2 not only destabilizes the AR-nuclear pore protein interaction but also inhibits the transcriptional activities of AR. Using an in vivo bone metastasis model, we showed that the inhibition of NRP2 led to the sensitization of CRPC cells toward established anti-AR therapies such as enzalutamide. Overall, our finding emphasize the importance of combinatorial inhibition of NRP2 and AR as an effective therapeutic strategy against treatment refractory prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samikshan Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Navatha Shree Polavaram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ridwan Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sreyashi Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sanika Bodas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Thomas Mayr
- Rudolf Becker Laboratory for Prostate Cancer Research, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany,Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany,Institute of Pathology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sohini Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Marieta I. Toma
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany,Institute of Pathology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anza Darehshouri
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Angelika Borkowetz
- Department of Urology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie Conrad
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Wirth
- Department of Urology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo B. Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C. Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paramita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David L Klinkebiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael H. Muders
- Rudolf Becker Laboratory for Prostate Cancer Research, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany,Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany,Institute of Pathology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stiekema M, Houben F, Verheyen F, Borgers M, Menzel J, Meschkat M, van Zandvoort MAMJ, Ramaekers FCS, Broers JLV. The Role of Lamins in the Nucleoplasmic Reticulum, a Pleiomorphic Organelle That Enhances Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Interplay. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:914286. [PMID: 35784476 PMCID: PMC9243388 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.914286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Invaginations of the nuclear membrane occur in different shapes, sizes, and compositions. Part of these pleiomorphic invaginations make up the nucleoplasmic reticulum (NR), while others are merely nuclear folds. We define the NR as tubular invaginations consisting of either both the inner and outer nuclear membrane, or only the inner nuclear membrane. Specifically, invaginations of both the inner and outer nuclear membrane are also called type II NR, while those of only the inner nuclear membrane are defined as type I NR. The formation and structure of the NR is determined by proteins associated to the nuclear membrane, which induce a high membrane curvature leading to tubular invaginations. Here we review and discuss the current knowledge of nuclear invaginations and the NR in particular. An increase in tubular invaginations of the nuclear envelope is associated with several pathologies, such as laminopathies, cancer, (reversible) heart failure, and Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, viruses can induce both type I and II NR. In laminopathies, the amount of A-type lamins throughout the nucleus is generally decreased or the organization of lamins or lamin-associated proteins is disturbed. Also, lamin overexpression or modulation of lamin farnesylation status impacts NR formation, confirming the importance of lamin processing in NR formation. Virus infections reorganize the nuclear lamina via (de)phosphorylation of lamins, leading to an uneven thickness of the nuclear lamina and in turn lobulation of the nuclear membrane and the formation of invaginations of the inner nuclear membrane. Since most studies on the NR have been performed with cell cultures, we present additional proof for the existence of these structures in vivo, focusing on a variety of differentiated cardiovascular and hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, we substantiate the knowledge of the lamin composition of the NR by super-resolution images of the lamin A/C and B1 organization. Finally, we further highlight the essential role of lamins in NR formation by demonstrating that (over)expression of lamins can induce aberrant NR structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merel Stiekema
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Frederik Houben
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Healthcare, PXL University College, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Fons Verheyen
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Borgers
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marc A. M. J. van Zandvoort
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research IMCAR, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frans C. S. Ramaekers
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jos L. V. Broers
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jos L. V. Broers,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Janssen AFJ, Breusegem SY, Larrieu D. Current Methods and Pipelines for Image-Based Quantitation of Nuclear Shape and Nuclear Envelope Abnormalities. Cells 2022; 11:347. [PMID: 35159153 PMCID: PMC8834579 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Any given cell type has an associated "normal" nuclear morphology, which is important to maintain proper cellular functioning and safeguard genomic integrity. Deviations from this can be indicative of diseases such as cancer or premature aging syndrome. To accurately assess nuclear abnormalities, it is important to use quantitative measures of nuclear morphology. Here, we give an overview of several nuclear abnormalities, including micronuclei, nuclear envelope invaginations, blebs and ruptures, and review the current methods used for image-based quantification of these abnormalities. We discuss several parameters that can be used to quantify nuclear shape and compare their outputs using example images. In addition, we present new pipelines for quantitative analysis of nuclear blebs and invaginations. Quantitative analyses of nuclear aberrations and shape will be important in a wide range of applications, from assessments of cancer cell anomalies to studies of nucleus deformability under mechanical or other types of stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Delphine Larrieu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrookes Biomedical Campus, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; (A.F.J.J.); (S.Y.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wallis SS, Ventimiglia LN, Otigbah E, Infante E, Cuesta-Geijo MA, Kidiyoor GR, Carbajal MA, Fleck RA, Foiani M, Garcia-Manyes S, Martin-Serrano J, Agromayor M. The ESCRT machinery counteracts Nesprin-2G-mediated mechanical forces during nuclear envelope repair. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3192-3202.e8. [PMID: 34818527 PMCID: PMC8657813 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transient nuclear envelope ruptures during interphase (NERDI) occur due to cytoskeletal compressive forces at sites of weakened lamina, and delayed NERDI repair results in genomic instability. Nuclear envelope (NE) sealing is completed by endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. A key unanswered question is how local compressive forces are counteracted to allow efficient membrane resealing. Here, we identify the ESCRT-associated protein BROX as a crucial factor required to accelerate repair of the NE. Critically, BROX binds Nesprin-2G, a component of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex (LINC). This interaction promotes Nesprin-2G ubiquitination and facilitates the relaxation of mechanical stress imposed by compressive actin fibers at the rupture site. Thus, BROX rebalances excessive cytoskeletal forces in cells experiencing NE instability to promote effective NERDI repair. Our results demonstrate that BROX coordinates mechanoregulation with membrane remodeling to ensure the maintenance of nuclear-cytoplasmic compartmentalization and genomic stability. Cytoskeletal forces exerted on the nucleus can rupture its membrane BROX is recruited to sites of rupture by the ESCRT membrane remodeling machinery BROX ubiquitinates the LINC complex protein Nesprin-2G, targeting it for degradation BROX coordinates local relaxation of mechanical stress with membrane remodeling
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Wallis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Leandro N Ventimiglia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Evita Otigbah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Elvira Infante
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Miguel Angel Cuesta-Geijo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK; Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gururaj Rao Kidiyoor
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roland A Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Marco Foiani
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sergi Garcia-Manyes
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Juan Martin-Serrano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Monica Agromayor
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The cell nucleus is best known as the container of the genome. Its envelope provides a barrier for passive macromolecule diffusion, which enhances the control of gene expression. As its largest and stiffest organelle, the nucleus also defines the minimal space requirements of a cell. Internal or external pressures that deform a cell to its physical limits cause a corresponding nuclear deformation. Evidence is consolidating that the nucleus, in addition to its genetic functions, serves as a physical sensing device for critical cell body deformation. Nuclear mechanotransduction allows cells to adapt their acute behaviors, mechanical stability, paracrine signaling, and fate to their physical surroundings. This review summarizes the basic chemical and mechanical properties of nuclear components, and how these properties are thought to be utilized for mechanosensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niethammer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The cell nucleus is best known as the container of the genome. Its envelope provides a barrier for passive macromolecule diffusion, which enhances the control of gene expression. As its largest and stiffest organelle, the nucleus also defines the minimal space requirements of a cell. Internal or external pressures that deform a cell to its physical limits cause a corresponding nuclear deformation. Evidence is consolidating that the nucleus, in addition to its genetic functions, serves as a physical sensing device for critical cell body deformation. Nuclear mechanotransduction allows cells to adapt their acute behaviors, mechanical stability, paracrine signaling, and fate to their physical surroundings. This review summarizes the basic chemical and mechanical properties of nuclear components, and how these properties are thought to be utilized for mechanosensing. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Volume 37 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niethammer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qiu GH, Zheng X, Fu M, Huang C, Yang X. The decreased exclusion of nuclear eccDNA: From molecular and subcellular levels to human aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101306. [PMID: 33610814 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) accumulates within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells during physiological aging and in age-related diseases (ARDs) and the accumulation could be caused by the declined exclusion of nuclear eccDNA in these states. This review focuses on the formation of eccDNA and the roles of some main factors, such as nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), nucleoplasmic reticulum (NR), and nuclear actin, in eccDNA exclusion. eccDNAs are mostly formed from non-coding DNA during DNA damage repair. They move to NPCs along nuclear actin and are excluded out of the nucleus through functional NPCs in young and healthy cells. However, it has been demonstrated that defective NPCs, abnormal NPC components and nuclear actin rods are increased in aged cells, various cancers and certain other ARDs such as cardiovascular diseases, premature aging, neurodegenerative diseases and myopathies. Therefore, mainly resulting from the increase of dysfunctional NPCs, the exclusion of nuclear eccDNAs may be reduced and eccDNAs thus accumulate within the nucleus in aging and the aforementioned ARDs. In addition, the protective function of non-coding DNA in tumorigenesis is further discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Qiu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Fujian Province Universities, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xintian Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Fujian Province Universities, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Fujian Province Universities, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqin Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Fujian Province Universities, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Fujian Province Universities, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shokrollahi M, Mekhail K. Interphase microtubules in nuclear organization and genome maintenance. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:721-731. [PMID: 33902985 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are major cytoskeletal components mediating fundamental cellular processes, including cell division. Recent evidence suggests that microtubules also regulate the nucleus during the cell cycle's interphase stage. Deciphering such roles of microtubules should uncover direct crosstalk between the nucleus and cytoplasm, impacting genome function and organismal health. Here, we review emerging roles for microtubules in interphase genome regulation. We explore how microtubules exert cytoplasmic forces on the nucleus or transport molecular cargo, including DNA, into or within the nucleus. We also describe how microtubules perform these functions by establishing transient or stable connections with nuclear envelope elements. Lastly, we discuss how the regulation of the nucleus by microtubules impacts genome organization and repair. Together, the literature indicates that interphase microtubules are critical regulators of nuclear structure and genome stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Shokrollahi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, MaRS Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karim Mekhail
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, MaRS Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Canada Research Chairs Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gilloteaux J, Bouchat J, Brion JP, Nicaise C. The osmotic demyelination syndrome: the resilience of thalamic neurons is verified with transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastruct Pathol 2021; 44:450-480. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2020.1853865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Gilloteaux
- Unit of Research in Molecular Physiology (Urphym- NARILIS), Department of Medicine, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St George’s University School of Medicine, KB Taylor Global Scholar’s Program at UNN, School of Health and Life Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Joanna Bouchat
- Unit of Research in Molecular Physiology (Urphym- NARILIS), Department of Medicine, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculté de Médecine Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Nicaise
- Unit of Research in Molecular Physiology (Urphym- NARILIS), Department of Medicine, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nuclear Morphological Remodeling in Human Granulocytes Is Linked to Prenylation Independently from Cytoskeleton. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112509. [PMID: 33233551 PMCID: PMC7699803 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear shape modulates cell behavior and function, while aberrant nuclear morphologies correlate with pathological phenotype severity. Nevertheless, functions of specific nuclear morphological features and underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate a nucleus-intrinsic mechanism driving nuclear lobulation and segmentation concurrent with granulocyte specification, independently from extracellular forces and cytosolic cytoskeleton contributions. Transcriptomic regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis is equally concurrent with nuclear remodeling. Its putative role as a regulatory element is supported by morphological aberrations observed upon pharmacological impairment of several enzymatic steps of the pathway, most prominently the sterol ∆14-reductase activity of laminB-receptor and protein prenylation. Thus, we support the hypothesis of a nuclear-intrinsic mechanism for nuclear shape control with the putative involvement of the recently discovered GGTase III complex. Such process could be independent from or complementary to the better studied cytoskeleton-based nuclear remodeling essential for cell migration in both physiological and pathological contexts such as immune system function and cancer metastasis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Corbeil D, Santos MF, Karbanová J, Kurth T, Rappa G, Lorico A. Uptake and Fate of Extracellular Membrane Vesicles: Nucleoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Late Endosomes as a New Gate to Intercellular Communication. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091931. [PMID: 32825578 PMCID: PMC7563309 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs) are emerging as new vehicles in intercellular communication, but how the biological information contained in EVs is shared between cells remains elusive. Several mechanisms have been described to explain their release from donor cells and the initial step of their uptake by recipient cells, which triggers a cellular response. Yet, the intracellular routes and subcellular fate of EV content upon internalization remain poorly characterized. This is particularly true for EV-associated proteins and nucleic acids that shuttle to the nucleus of host cells. In this review, we will describe and discuss the release of EVs from donor cells, their uptake by recipient cells, and the fate of their cargoes, focusing on a novel intracellular route wherein small GTPase Rab7+ late endosomes containing endocytosed EVs enter into nuclear envelope invaginations and deliver their cargo components to the nucleoplasm of recipient cells. A tripartite protein complex composed of (VAMP)-associated protein A (VAP-A), oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related protein-3 (ORP3), and Rab7 is essential for the transfer of EV-derived components to the nuclear compartment by orchestrating the particular localization of late endosomes in the nucleoplasmic reticulum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.L.); Tel.: +49-(0)351-463-40118 (D.C.); +1-(702)-777-3942 (A.L.); Fax: +49-(0)351-463-40244 (D.C.); +1-(702)-777-1758 (A.L.)
| | - Mark F. Santos
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV 89014, USA; (M.F.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Jana Karbanová
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.K.)
| | - Thomas Kurth
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden and CMCB, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.K.)
| | - Germana Rappa
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV 89014, USA; (M.F.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV 89014, USA; (M.F.S.); (G.R.)
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Via Penninazzo, 11, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.L.); Tel.: +49-(0)351-463-40118 (D.C.); +1-(702)-777-3942 (A.L.); Fax: +49-(0)351-463-40244 (D.C.); +1-(702)-777-1758 (A.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen X, Xie C, Tian W, Sun L, Wang Z, Hawes S, Chang L, Kung J, Ding J, Chen S, Le W, Cai H. Parkinson's disease-related Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 modulates nuclear morphology and genomic stability in striatal projection neurons during aging. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:12. [PMID: 32075681 PMCID: PMC7031993 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple missense mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are associated with familial forms of late onset Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common age-related movement disorder. The dysfunction of dopamine transmission contributes to PD-related motor symptoms. Interestingly, LRRK2 is more abundant in the dopaminoceptive striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) compared to the dopamine-producing nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Aging is the most important risk factor for PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether LRRK2 modulates the aging of SPNs remains to be determined. METHODS We conducted RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of striatal tissues isolated from Lrrk2 knockout (Lrrk2-/-) and control (Lrrk2+/+) mice at 2 and 12 months of age. We examined SPN nuclear DNA damage and epigenetic modifications; SPN nuclear, cell body and dendritic morphology; and the locomotion and motor skill learning of Lrrk2+/+ and Lrrk2-/- mice from 2 to 24 months of age. Considering the strength of cell cultures for future mechanistic studies, we also performed preliminary studies in primary cultured SPNs derived from the Lrrk2+/+ and Lrrk2-/- mice as well as the PD-related Lrrk2 G2019S and R1441C mutant mice. RESULTS Lrrk2-deficiency accelerated nuclear hypertrophy and induced dendritic atrophy, soma hypertrophy and nuclear invagination in SPNs during aging. Additionally, increased nuclear DNA damage and abnormal histone methylations were also observed in aged Lrrk2-/- striatal neurons, together with alterations of molecular pathways involved in regulating neuronal excitability, genome stability and protein homeostasis. Furthermore, both the PD-related Lrrk2 G2019S mutant and LRRK2 kinase inhibitors caused nuclear hypertrophy, while the Lrrk2 R1441C mutant and γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA-AR) inhibitors promoted nuclear invagination in the cultured SPNs. On the other hand, inhibition of neuron excitability prevented the formation of nuclear invagination in the cultured Lrrk2-/- and R1441C SPNs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support an important physiological function of LRRK2 in maintaining nuclear structure integrity and genomic stability during the normal aging process, suggesting that PD-related LRRK2 mutations may cause the deterioration of neuronal structures through accelerating the aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892–3707 USA
- Clinical Research Center on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengsong Xie
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892–3707 USA
| | - Wotu Tian
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892–3707 USA
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025 China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892–3707 USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892–3707 USA
| | - Sarah Hawes
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892–3707 USA
| | - Lisa Chang
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892–3707 USA
| | - Justin Kung
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892–3707 USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025 China
| | - Weidong Le
- Clinical Research Center on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892–3707 USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rahman M, Chang IY, Harned A, Maheshwari R, Amoateng K, Narayan K, Cohen-Fix O. C. elegans pronuclei fuse after fertilization through a novel membrane structure. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201909137. [PMID: 31834351 PMCID: PMC7041684 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201909137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After fertilization, parental genomes are enclosed in two separate pronuclei. In Caenorhabditis elegans, and possibly other organisms, when the two pronuclei first meet, the parental genomes are separated by four pronuclear membranes. To understand how these membranes are breached to allow merging of parental genomes we used focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) to study the architecture of the pronuclear membranes at nanometer-scale resolution. We find that at metaphase, the interface between the two pronuclei is composed of two membranes perforated by fenestrations ranging from tens of nanometers to several microns in diameter. The parental chromosomes come in contact through one of the large fenestrations. Surrounding this fenestrated, two-membrane region is a novel membrane structure, a three-way sheet junction, where the four membranes of the two pronuclei fuse and become two. In the plk-1 mutant, where parental genomes fail to merge, these junctions are absent, suggesting that three-way sheet junctions are needed for formation of a diploid genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahman
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Irene Y. Chang
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Adam Harned
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Richa Maheshwari
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kwabena Amoateng
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Orna Cohen-Fix
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cytolethal distending toxin induces the formation of transient messenger-rich ribonucleoprotein nuclear invaginations in surviving cells. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007921. [PMID: 31568537 PMCID: PMC6824578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are frequently exposed to bacterial genotoxins involved in digestive cancers, colibactin and Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT), the latter being secreted by many pathogenic bacteria. Our aim was to evaluate the effects induced by these genotoxins on nuclear remodeling in the context of cell survival. Helicobacter infected mice, coculture experiments with CDT- and colibactin-secreting bacteria and hepatic, intestinal and gastric cells, and xenograft mouse-derived models were used to assess the nuclear remodeling in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that CDT and colibactin induced-nuclear remodeling can be associated with the formation of deep cytoplasmic invaginations in the nucleus of giant cells. These structures, observed both in vivo and in vitro, correspond to nucleoplasmic reticulum (NR). The core of the NR was found to concentrate ribosomes, proteins involved in mRNA translation, polyadenylated RNA and the main components of the complex mCRD involved in mRNA turnover. These structures are active sites of mRNA translation, correlated with a high degree of ploidy, and involve MAPK and calcium signaling. Additional data showed that insulation and concentration of these adaptive ribonucleoprotein particles within the nucleus are dynamic, transient and protect the cell until the genotoxic stress is relieved. Bacterial genotoxins-induced NR would be a privileged gateway for selected mRNA to be preferably transported therein for local translation. These findings offer new insights into the context of NR formation, a common feature of many cancers, which not only appears in response to therapies-induced DNA damage but also earlier in response to genotoxic bacteria. Humans are frequently exposed to bacterial genotoxins linked to cancers, colibactin and Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT). These genotoxins induce DNA damage and can promote formation of nucleoplasmic reticulum (NR), deeply invaginated in the nucleoplasm of giant nuclei both in vivo and in vitro. Our cellular models showed that these structures can be observed together with profound nuclear reorganization corresponding to remodeling of nuclear material. The core of the genotoxin-induced NRs concentrates protein production machinery of the cell as well as controlling elements of protein turnover. These genotoxin-induced dynamic structures may also be signaling hubs controlling mRNA turnover and translation of selected mRNAs and thus correspond to a privileged gateway for the synthesis of selected mRNA which are preferentially transported from the nucleus through pores and translated therein. These transient and reversible hubs allow the cell to pause and repair the DNA damage caused by bacterial genotoxins in order to maintain cell survival. As NR formation is a common feature of many cancers, similar mechanism could occur and contribute to the resistance of cancer cells to radiotherapies and some chemotherapies aimed at inducing DNA damage.
Collapse
|
20
|
Santos MF, Rappa G, Karbanová J, Kurth T, Corbeil D, Lorico A. VAMP-associated protein-A and oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 3 promote the entry of late endosomes into the nucleoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13834-13848. [PMID: 30018135 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocytic pathway plays an instrumental role in recycling internalized molecules back to the plasma membrane or in directing them to lysosomes for degradation. We recently reported a new role of endosomes-the delivery of components from extracellular vesicles (EVs) to the nucleoplasm of recipient cells. Using indirect immunofluorescence, FRET, immunoisolation techniques, and RNAi, we report here a tripartite protein complex (referred to as the VOR complex) that is essential for the nuclear transfer of EV-derived components by orchestrating the specific localization of late endosomes into nucleoplasmic reticulum. We found that the VOR complex contains the endoplasmic reticulum-localized vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated protein A (VAP-A), the cytoplasmic oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 3 (ORP3), and late endosome-associated small GTPase Rab7. The silencing of VAP-A or ORP3 abrogated the association of Rab7-positive late endosomes with nuclear envelope invaginations and, hence, the transport of endocytosed EV-derived components to the nucleoplasm of recipient cells. We conclude that the VOR complex can be targeted to inhibit EV-mediated intercellular communication, which can have therapeutic potential for managing cancer in which the release of EVs is dysregulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Santos
- From the Roseman Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada 89135
| | - Germana Rappa
- From the Roseman Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada 89135
| | | | - Thomas Kurth
- the Biotechnology Center and.,DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany, and
| | - Denis Corbeil
- From the Roseman Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada 89135, .,the Biotechnology Center and.,DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany, and
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- From the Roseman Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada 89135, .,the Mediterranean Institute of Oncology Foundation, Via Penninazzo 11, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Szymonowicz K, Oeck S, Malewicz NM, Jendrossek V. New Insights into Protein Kinase B/Akt Signaling: Role of Localized Akt Activation and Compartment-Specific Target Proteins for the Cellular Radiation Response. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030078. [PMID: 29562639 PMCID: PMC5876653 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations driving aberrant activation of the survival kinase Protein Kinase B (Akt) are observed with high frequency during malignant transformation and cancer progression. Oncogenic gene mutations coding for the upstream regulators or Akt, e.g., growth factor receptors, RAS and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), or for one of the three Akt isoforms as well as loss of the tumor suppressor Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog on Chromosome Ten (PTEN) lead to constitutive activation of Akt. By activating Akt, these genetic alterations not only promote growth, proliferation and malignant behavior of cancer cells by phosphorylation of various downstream signaling molecules and signaling nodes but can also contribute to chemo- and radioresistance in many types of tumors. Here we review current knowledge on the mechanisms dictating Akt’s activation and target selection including the involvement of miRNAs and with focus on compartmentalization of the signaling network. Moreover, we discuss recent advances in the cross-talk with DNA damage response highlighting nuclear Akt target proteins with potential involvement in the regulation of DNA double strand break repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Szymonowicz
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Oeck
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, 45122 Essen, Germany.
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Nathalie M Malewicz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Drozdz MM, Jiang H, Pytowski L, Grovenor C, Vaux DJ. Formation of a nucleoplasmic reticulum requires de novo assembly of nascent phospholipids and shows preferential incorporation of nascent lamins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7454. [PMID: 28785031 PMCID: PMC5547041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure of interphase cell nuclei remains dynamic and can undergo various changes of shape and organisation, in health and disease. The double-membraned envelope that separates nuclear genetic material from the rest of the cell frequently includes deep, branching tubular invaginations that form a dynamic nucleoplasmic reticulum (NR). This study addresses mechanisms by which NR can form in interphase nuclei. We present a combination of Nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (NanoSIMS) approach and light microscopy techniques to follow formation of NR by using pulse-chase experiments to examine protein and lipid delivery to nascent NR in cultured cells. Lamina protein incorporation was assessed using precursor accumulation (for lamin A) or a MAPLE3 photoconvertible tag (for lamin B1) and membrane phospholipid incorporation using stable isotope labelling with deuterated precursors followed by high resolution NanoSIMS. In all three cases, nascent molecules were selectively incorporated into newly forming NR tubules; thus strongly suggesting that NR formation is a regulated process involving a focal assembly machine, rather than simple physical perturbation of a pre-existing nuclear envelope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek M Drozdz
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Lior Pytowski
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Grovenor
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - David J Vaux
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schoen I, Aires L, Ries J, Vogel V. Nanoscale invaginations of the nuclear envelope: Shedding new light on wormholes with elusive function. Nucleus 2017; 8:506-514. [PMID: 28686487 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2017.1337621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in fluorescence microscopy have opened up new possibilities to investigate chromosomal and nuclear 3D organization on the nanoscale. We here discuss their potential for elucidating topographical details of the nuclear lamina. Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) in combination with immunostainings of lamina proteins readily reveals tube-like invaginations with a diameter of 100-500 nm. Although these invaginations have been established as a frequent and general feature of interphase nuclei across different cell types, their formation mechanism and function have remained largely elusive. We critically review the current state of research, propose possible connections to lamina associated domains (LADs), and revisit the discussion about the potential role of these invaginations for accelerating mRNA nuclear export. Illustrative studies using 3D super-resolution imaging are shown and will be instrumental to decipher the physiological role of these nanoscale invaginations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Schoen
- a ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Lina Aires
- a ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Jonas Ries
- b European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Viola Vogel
- a ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology , Zurich , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|