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Liu N, Hsu J, Mahajan G, Sun H, Laurita KR, Naga Prasad SV, Barnard J, Van Wagoner DR, Kothapalli CR, Chung MK, Smith JD. Common SYNE2 Genetic Variant Associated With Atrial Fibrillation Lowers Expression of Nesprin-2α1 With Downstream Effects on Nuclear and Electrophysiological Traits. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2024; 17:e004750. [PMID: 39355904 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.124.004750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation GWAS (genome-wide association studies) identified significant associations for rs1152591 and linked variants in the SYNE2 gene encoding Nesprin-2, which connects the nuclear membrane with the cytoskeleton. METHODS Reporter gene vector transfection and CRISPR-Cas9 editing were used to identify the causal variant regulating the expression of SYNE2α1. After SYNE2 knockdown or SYNE2α1 overexpression in human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, nuclear phenotypes were assessed by imaging and atomic force microscopy. Gene expression was assessed by RNAseq and gene set enrichment analysis. Fura-2 AM staining assessed calcium transients. Optical mapping assessed action potential duration and conduction velocity. RESULTS The risk allele of rs1152591 had lower promoter and enhancer activity and was significantly associated with lower expression of the short SYNE2α1 isoform in human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, without an effect on the expression of the full-length SYNE2 mRNA. SYNE2α1 overexpression had dominant negative effects on the nucleus with its overexpression or SYNE2 knockdown leading to increased nuclear area and decreased nuclear stiffness. Gene expression results from SYNE2α1 overexpression demonstrated both concordant and nonconcordant effects with SYNE2 knockdown. SYNE2α1 overexpression had a gain of function on electrophysiology, leading to significantly faster calcium reuptake and decreased assessed action potential duration, while SYNE2 knockdown showed both shortened assessed action potential duration and decreased conduction velocity. CONCLUSIONS rs1152591 was identified as a causal atrial fibrillation variant, with the risk allele decreasing SYNE2α1 expression. Downstream effects of SYNE2α1 overexpression include changes in nuclear stiffness and electrophysiology, which may contribute to the mechanism for the risk allele's association with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Liu
- Departments of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, OH (N.L., J.H., S.V.N.P., D.R.V.W., M.K.C., J.D.S.)
| | - Jeffrey Hsu
- Departments of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, OH (N.L., J.H., S.V.N.P., D.R.V.W., M.K.C., J.D.S.)
| | - Gautam Mahajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, OH (G.M., C.R.K.)
| | - Han Sun
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (H.S., J.B.)
| | - Kenneth R Laurita
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Metrohealth Campus, OH (K.R.L.)
| | - Sathyamangla V Naga Prasad
- Departments of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, OH (N.L., J.H., S.V.N.P., D.R.V.W., M.K.C., J.D.S.)
| | - John Barnard
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (H.S., J.B.)
| | - David R Van Wagoner
- Departments of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, OH (N.L., J.H., S.V.N.P., D.R.V.W., M.K.C., J.D.S.)
| | | | - Mina K Chung
- Departments of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, OH (N.L., J.H., S.V.N.P., D.R.V.W., M.K.C., J.D.S.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.K.C.)
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Departments of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, OH (N.L., J.H., S.V.N.P., D.R.V.W., M.K.C., J.D.S.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (J.D.S.)
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Zhu Q, Tan M, Wang C, Chen Y, Wang C, Zhang J, Gu Y, Guo Y, Han J, Li L, Jiang R, Fan X, Xie H, Wang L, Gu Z, Liu D, Shi J, Feng X. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the temporomandibular joint condyle in 3 and 4-month-old human embryos. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:130. [PMID: 37468984 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex joint consisting of the condyle, the temporal articular surface, and the articular disc. Functions such as mastication, swallowing and articulation are accomplished by the movements of the TMJ. To date, the TMJ has been studied more extensively, but the types of TMJ cells, their differentiation, and their interrelationship during growth and development are still unclear and the study of the TMJ is limited. The aim of this study was to establish a molecular cellular atlas of the human embryonic temporomandibular joint condyle (TMJC) by single-cell RNA sequencing, which will contribute to understanding and solving clinical problems. RESULTS Human embryos at 3 and 4 months of age are an important stage of TMJC development. We performed a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of TMJC tissue from human embryos at 3 and 4 months of age using single-cell RNA sequencing. A total of 16,624 cells were captured and the gene expression profiles of 15 cell clusters in human embryonic TMJC were determined, including 14 known cell types and one previously unknown cell type, "transition state cells (TSCs)". Immunofluorescence assays confirmed that TSCs are not the same cell cluster as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Pseudotime trajectory and RNA velocity analysis revealed that MSCs transformed into TSCs, which further differentiated into osteoblasts, hypertrophic chondrocytes and tenocytes. In addition, chondrocytes (CYTL1high + THBS1high) from secondary cartilage were detected only in 4-month-old human embryonic TMJC. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides an atlas of differentiation stages of human embryonic TMJC tissue cells, which will contribute to an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology of the TMJC tissue repair process and ultimately help to solve clinical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqi Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Miaoying Tan
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yijun Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jianpeng Han
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Rongrong Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Huimin Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases Second Affiliated Hospital Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Jianwu Shi
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Xingmei Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Nucleophagy delays aging and preserves germline immortality. NATURE AGING 2022; 3:34-46. [PMID: 37118512 PMCID: PMC10154226 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMarked alterations in nuclear ultrastructure are a universal hallmark of aging, progeroid syndromes and other age-related pathologies. Here we show that autophagy of nuclear proteins is an important determinant of fertility and aging. Impairment of nucleophagy diminishes stress resistance, germline immortality and longevity. We found that the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans nuclear envelope anchor protein, nuclear anchorage protein 1 (ANC-1) and its mammalian ortholog nesprin-2 are cleared out by autophagy and restrict nucleolar size, a biomarker of aging. We further uncovered a germline immortality assurance mechanism, which involves nucleolar degradation at the most proximal oocyte by ANC-1 and key autophagic components. Perturbation of this clearance pathway causes tumor-like structures in C. elegans, and genetic ablation of nesprin-2 causes ovarian carcinomas in mice. Thus, autophagic recycling of nuclear components is a conserved soma longevity and germline immortality mechanism that promotes youthfulness and delays aging under conditions of stress.
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Bang ML, Bogomolovas J, Chen J. Understanding the molecular basis of cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H181-H233. [PMID: 34797172 PMCID: PMC8759964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and can be caused by mutations in a wide range of proteins located in different cellular compartments. The present review is based on Dr. Ju Chen's 2021 Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Cardiovascular Section, in which he provided an overview of the current knowledge on the cardiomyopathy-associated proteins that have been studied in his laboratory. The review provides a general summary of the proteins in different compartments of cardiomyocytes associated with cardiomyopathies, with specific focus on the proteins that have been studied in Dr. Chen's laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ju Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Biallelic SYNE2 Missense Mutations Leading to Nesprin-2 Giant Hypo-Expression Are Associated with Intellectual Disability and Autism. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091294. [PMID: 34573277 PMCID: PMC8470961 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurological and developmental disabilities characterised by clinical and genetic heterogeneity. The current study aimed to expand ASD genotyping by investigating potential associations with SYNE2 mutations. Specifically, the disease-causing variants of SYNE2 in 410 trios manifesting neurodevelopmental disorders using whole-exome sequencing were explored. The consequences of the identified variants were studied at the transcript level using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). For validation, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting were performed to analyse mutational effects at the protein level. The compound heterozygous variants of SYNE2 (NM_182914.3:c.2483T>G; p.(Val828Gly) and NM_182914.3:c.2362G>A; p.(Glu788Lys)) were identified in a 4.5-year-old male, clinically diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay and intellectual disability. Both variants reside within the nesprin-2 giant spectrin repeat (SR5) domain and are predicted to be highly damaging using in silico tools. Specifically, a significant reduction of nesprin-2 giant protein levels is revealed in patient cells. SYNE2 transcription and the nuclear envelope localisation of the mutant proteins was however unaffected as compared to parental control cells. Collectively, these data provide novel insights into the cardinal role of the nesprin-2 giant in neurodevelopment and suggest that the biallelic hypomorphic SYNE2 mutations may be a new cause of intellectual disability and ASD.
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Miyamoto Y, Sasaki M, Miyata H, Monobe Y, Nagai M, Otani M, Whiley PAF, Morohoshi A, Oki S, Matsuda J, Akagi KI, Adachi J, Okabe M, Ikawa M, Yoneda Y, Loveland KL, Oka M. Genetic loss of importin α4 causes abnormal sperm morphology and impacts on male fertility in mouse. FASEB J 2020; 34:16224-16242. [PMID: 33058343 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000768rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Importin α proteins play a central role in the transport of cargo from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In this study, we observed that male knock-out mice for importin α4, which is encoded by the Kpna4 gene (Kpna4-/- ), were subfertile and yielded smaller litter sizes than those of wild-type (WT) males. In contrast, mice lacking the closely related importin α3 (Kpna3-/- ) were fertile. In vitro fertilization and sperm motility assays demonstrated that sperm from Kpna4-/- mice had significantly reduced quality and motility. In addition, acrosome reaction was also impaired in Kpna4-/- mice. Transmission electron microscopy revealed striking defects, including abnormal head morphology and multiple axoneme structures in the flagella of Kpna4-/- mice. A five-fold increase in the frequency of abnormalities in Kpna4-/- mice compared to WT mice indicates the functional importance of importin α4 in normal sperm development. Moreover, Nesprin-2, which is a component of the linker of nucleus and cytoskeleton complex, was expressed at lower levels in sperm from Kpna4-/- mice and was localized with abnormal axonemes, suggesting incorrect formation of the nuclear membrane-cytoskeleton structure during spermiogenesis. Proteomics analysis of Kpna4-/- testis showed significantly altered expression of proteins related to sperm formation, which provided evidence that genetic loss of importin α4 perturbed chromatin status. Collectively, these findings indicate that importin α4 is critical for establishing normal sperm morphology in mice, providing new insights into male germ cell development by highlighting the requirement of importin α4 for normal fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuho Sasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Miyata
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Monobe
- Section of Laboratory Equipment, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagai
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Otani
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Penny A F Whiley
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Akane Morohoshi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Oki
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junichiro Matsuda
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Akagi
- Section of Laboratory Equipment, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Okabe
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoneda
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Kate L Loveland
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Masahiro Oka
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
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Maamari D, El-Khoury H, Saifi O, Muwakkit SA, Zgheib NK. Implementation of Pharmacogenetics to Individualize Treatment Regimens for Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2020; 13:295-317. [PMID: 32848445 PMCID: PMC7429230 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s239602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in the management and high cure rates of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), patients still suffer from many drug-induced toxicities, sometimes necessitating dose reduction, or halting of cytotoxic drugs with a secondary risk of disease relapse. In addition, investigators have noted significant inter-individual variability in drug toxicities and disease outcomes, hence the role of pharmacogenetics (PGx) in elucidating genetic polymorphisms in candidate genes for the optimization of disease management. In this review, we present the PGx data in association with main toxicities seen in children treated for ALL in addition to efficacy, with a focus on the most plausible germline PGx variants. We then follow with a summary of the highest evidence drug-gene annotations with suggestions to move forward in implementing preemptive PGx for the individualization of treatment regimens for children with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Maamari
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Habib El-Khoury
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Omran Saifi
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samar A Muwakkit
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie K Zgheib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
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A Glance at the Nuclear Envelope Spectrin Repeat Protein 3. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1651805. [PMID: 31828088 PMCID: PMC6886330 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1651805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear envelope spectrin repeat protein 3 (nesprin-3) is an evolutionarily-conserved structural protein, widely-expressed in vertebrate cells. Along with other nesprin family members, nesprin-3 acts as an essential component of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Naturally, nesprin-3 shares many functions with LINC, including the localization of various cellular structures and bridging of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton, observed in vitro. When nesprin-3 was knocked down in vivo, using zebrafish and mouse models, however, the animals were minimally affected. This paradoxical observation should not limit the physiological importance of nesprin-3, as recently, nesprin-3 has reignited the interest of the research community in studies on cancer cells migration. Moreover, nesprin-3 also plays an active role in certain developmental conditions such as adipogenesis and spermatogenesis, although more studies are needed. Meanwhile, the various protein binding partners of nesprin-3 should also be emphasized, as they are necessary for maintaining the structure of nesprin-3 and enabling it to carry out its various physiological and pathological functions. Nesprin-3 promises to further our understanding of these complex cellular events. Therefore, this review will focus on nesprin-3, examining it from a genetic, structural, and functional perspective. The final part of the review will in turn address the limitations of existing research and the future perspectives for the study of nesprin-3.
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