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Li S, Ren W, Zheng J, Li S, Zhi K, Gao L. Role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification in oxidative stress-induced autophagy: a novel target for bone remodeling. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:358. [PMID: 38987770 PMCID: PMC11238385 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a dynamic post-translational modification (PTM) involving the covalent binding of serine and/or threonine residues, which regulates bone cell homeostasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased due to oxidative stress in various pathological contexts related to bone remodeling, such as osteoporosis, arthritis, and bone fracture. Autophagy serves as a scavenger for ROS within bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. However, oxidative stress-induced autophagy is affected by the metabolic status, leading to unfavorable clinical outcomes. O-GlcNAcylation can regulate the autophagy process both directly and indirectly through oxidative stress-related signaling pathways, ultimately improving bone remodeling. The present interventions for the bone remodeling process often focus on promoting osteogenesis or inhibiting osteoclast absorption, ignoring the effect of PTM on the overall process of bone remodeling. This review explores how O-GlcNAcylation synergizes with autophagy to exert multiple regulatory effects on bone remodeling under oxidative stress stimulation, indicating the application of O-GlcNAcylation as a new molecular target in the field of bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqian Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shaoming Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Keqian Zhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China.
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China.
- Key Laboratory of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Wang Y, Fu M, Xiao W, Zhao Y, Yuan P, Zhang X, Wu W. 3D Elastomeric Stent Functionalized with Antioxidative and Perivascular Tissue Regenerative Activities Ameliorated PVT Deprivation-Induced Vein Graft Failure. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301247. [PMID: 37440681 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Clinically, arterial injuries are always accompanied with perivascular tissue damage, which may contribute to high failure rate of vein grafts due to intimal hyperplasia and acute thrombosis. In this study, a "perivascular tissue (PVT) deprivation" animal model is constructed to mimic clinical scenarios and identify the contribution of arterial PVT to the success of vein grafts. Proteomics analysis suggests that depriving PVT may exacerbate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced endothelial apoptosis by up-regulating inflammation response and oxidative stress. Locally administering metformin on vein grafts through 3D-printed external stent (PGS-PCL) shows antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties to protect cells from ROS invasion, thereafter decreasing acute thrombosis. Moreover, metformin induce rapid regeneration of perivascular adipose tissue in recipient regions, which improves patency by inhibiting intimal hyperplasia. Proteomics, western blot, and in vitro blocking tests reveal that metformin resists endothelial apoptosis through AMPK/mTOR and NFκB signaling pathways. To conclude, PVT deprivation exacerbates inflammatory response and oxidative stress in vein grafts bridging arterial circulation. Metformin-loaded stent ameliorates "PVT damage" related vein graft failure, and enhances patency of through resisting endothelial apoptosis and regenerating arterial PVAT, offering a promising avenue to improve the success of vein grafts in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral&Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Mingdi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral&Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral&Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral&Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral&Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xinchi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral&Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral&Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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de Lima Castro M, Dos Passos RR, Justina VD, do Amaral WN, Giachini FR. Physiological and pathological evidence of O-GlcNAcylation regulation during pregnancy related process. Placenta 2023; 141:43-50. [PMID: 37210277 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification (PTM) controlled by the enzymes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Changes in its expression lead to a breakdown in cellular homeostasis, which is linked to several pathological processes. Placentation and embryonic development are periods of high cell activity, and imbalances in cell signaling pathways can result in infertility, miscarriage, or pregnancy complications. O-GlcNAcylation is involved in cellular processes such as genome maintenance, epigenetic regulation, protein synthesis/degradation, metabolic pathways, signaling pathways, apoptosis, and stress response. Trophoblastic differentiation/invasion and placental vasculogenesis, as well as zygote viability and embryonic neuronal development, are all dependent on O-GlcNAcylation. This PTM is required for pluripotency, which is a required condition for embryonic development. Further, this pathway is a nutritional sensor and cell stress marker, which is primarily measured by the OGT enzyme and its product, protein O-GlcNAcylation. Yet, this post-translational modification is enrolled in metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations during pregnancy. Finally, evidence of how O-GlcNAc impacts pregnancy during pathological conditions such as hyperglycemia, gestational diabetes, hypertension, and stress disorders are reviewed. Considering this scenario, progress in understanding the role of O- GlcNAcylation in pregnancy is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta de Lima Castro
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Rodrigues Dos Passos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil; Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Dela Justina
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil; Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Waldemar Naves do Amaral
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Regina Giachini
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil; Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil.
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He XF, Hu X, Wen GJ, Wang Z, Lin WJ. O-GlcNAcylation in cancer development and immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2023; 566:216258. [PMID: 37279852 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), as a posttranslational modification (PTM), is a reversible reaction that attaches β-N-GlcNAc to Ser/Thr residues on specific proteins by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the O-GlcNAc from O-GlcNAcylated proteins. O-GlcNAcylation regulates numerous cellular processes, including signal transduction, the cell cycle, metabolism, and energy homeostasis. Dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the development of various diseases, including cancers. Accumulating evidence has revealed that higher expression levels of OGT and hyper-O-GlcNAcylation are detected in many cancer types and governs glucose metabolism, proliferation, metastasis, invasion, angiogenesis, migration and drug resistance. In this review, we describe the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of OGT- or O-GlcNAcylation-mediated tumorigenesis. Moreover, we discuss the potential role of O-GlcNAcylation in tumor immunotherapy. Furthermore, we highlight that compounds can target O-GlcNAcylation by regulating OGT to suppress oncogenesis. Taken together, targeting protein O-GlcNAcylation might be a promising strategy for the treatment of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fen He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gao-Jing Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Metformin Induces Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer (PC) Cells Accompanied by Changes in the Levels of Histone Acetyltransferases (Particularly, p300/CBP-Associated Factor (PCAF) Protein Levels). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010115. [PMID: 36678613 PMCID: PMC9863441 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence (mainly from experimental research) suggests that metformin possesses anticancer properties through the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. However, its effect on the enzymes responsible for histone acetylation status, which plays a key role in carcinogenesis, remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of metformin on histone acetyltransferases (HATs) (i.e., p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), p300, and CBP) and on histone deacetylases (HDACs) (i.e., SIRT-1 in human pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines, 1.2B4, and PANC-1). The cells were exposed to metformin, an HAT inhibitor (HATi), or a combination of an HATi with metformin for 24, 48, or 72 h. Cell viability was determined using an MTT assay, and the percentage of early apoptotic cells was determined with an Annexin V-Cy3 Apoptosis Detection Assay Kit. Caspase-9 activity was also assessed. SIRT-1, PCAF, p300, and CBP expression were determined at the mRNA and protein levels using RT-PCR and Western blotting methods, respectively. Our results reveal an increase in caspase-9 in response to the metformin, indicating that it induced the apoptotic death of both 1.2B4 and PANC-1 cells. The number of cells in early apoptosis and the activity of caspase-9 decreased when treated with an HATi alone or a combination of an HATi with metformin, as compared to metformin alone. Moreover, metformin, an HATi, and a combination of an HATi with metformin also modified the mRNA expression of SIRT-1, PCAF, CBP, and p300. However, metformin did not change the expression of the studied genes in 1.2B4 cells. The results of the Western blot analysis showed that metformin diminished the protein expression of PCAF in both the 1.2B4 and PANC-1 cells. Hence, it appears possible that PCAF may be involved in the metformin-mediated apoptosis of PC cells.
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Zhou Y, Li Z, Xu M, Zhang D, Ling J, Yu P, Shen Y. O-GlycNacylation Remission Retards the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223637. [PMID: 36429065 PMCID: PMC9688300 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disease spectrum associated with insulin resistance (IR), from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification, regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Abnormal O-GlcNAcylation plays a key role in IR, fat deposition, inflammatory injury, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. However, the specific mechanisms and clinical treatments of O-GlcNAcylation and NAFLD are yet to be elucidated. The modification contributes to understanding the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD, thus clarifying the protective effect of O-GlcNAcylation inhibition on liver injury. In this review, the crucial role of O-GlcNAcylation in NAFLD (from NAFL to HCC) is discussed, and the effect of therapeutics on O-GlcNAcylation and its potential mechanisms on NAFLD have been highlighted. These inferences present novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatments of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (P.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (P.Y.); (Y.S.)
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Zhang J, Xun M, Li C, Chen Y. The O-GlcNAcylation and its promotion to hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188806. [PMID: 36152903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification that attaches O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to the serine and threonine residues of proteins. Such a glycosylation would alter the activities, stabilities, and interactions of target proteins that are functional in a wide range of biological processes and diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that O-GlcNAcylation is tightly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in its onset, growth, invasion and metastasis, drug resistance, and stemness. Here we summarize the discoveries of the role of O-GlcNAcylation in HCC and its function mechanism, aiming to deepen our understanding of HCC pathology, generate more biomarkers for its diagnosis and prognosis, and offer novel molecular targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Min Xun
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Chaojie Li
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China.
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Feng J, Wang X, Ye X, Ares I, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Mitochondria as an important target of metformin: The mechanism of action, toxic and side effects, and new therapeutic applications. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Gondane A, Girmay S, Helevä A, Pallasaho S, Loda M, Itkonen HM. O-GlcNAc transferase couples MRE11 to transcriptionally active chromatin to suppress DNA damage. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:13. [PMID: 35164752 PMCID: PMC8842528 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription, metabolism and DNA damage response are tightly regulated to preserve the genomic integrity, and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is positioned to connect the three. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, and androgen-ablation therapy halts disease progression. However, a significant number of prostate cancer patients develop resistance against anti-androgens, and this incurable disease is termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We have shown that combined inhibition of OGT and the transcription elongation kinase CDK9 induce CRPC-selective anti-proliferative effects. Here, we explain the functional basis for these combinatorial effects. Methods We used comprehensive mass spectrometry profiling of short-term CDK9 inhibitor effects on O-GlcNAcylated proteins in an isogenic cell line system that models transition from PC to CRPC. In addition, we used both ChIP-seq and RNA-seq profiling, and pulldown experiments in multiple CRPC models. Finally, we validated our findings in prostate cancer patient samples. Results Inhibition of CDK9 results in an OGT-dependent remodeling of the proteome in prostate cancer cells. More specifically, the activity of the DNA damage repair protein MRE11 is regulated in response to CDK9 inhibition in an OGT-dependent manner. MRE11 is enriched at the O-GlcNAc-marked loci. CDK9 inhibition does not decrease the expression of mRNAs whose genes are bound by both O-GlcNAc and MRE11. Combined inhibition of CDK9 and OGT or MRE11 further decreases RNA polymerase II activity, induces DNA damage signaling, and blocks the survival of prostate cancer cells. These effects are seen in CRPC cells but not in normal prostate cells. Mechanistically, OGT activity is required for MRE11 chromatin-loading in cells treated with CDK9 inhibitor. Finally, we show that MRE11 and O-GlcNAc are enriched at the prostate cancer-specific small nucleotide polymorphic sites, and the loss of MRE11 activity results in a hyper-mutator phenotype in patient tumors. Conclusions Both OGT and MRE11 are essential for the repair of CDK9 inhibitor-induced DNA damage. Our study raises the possibility of targeting CDK9 to elicit DNA damage in CRPC setting as an adjuvant to other treatments. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00795-1.
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Hsu ATW, Hung YC, Fang SH, D'Adamo CR, Mavanur AA, Svoboda SM, Wolf JH. Metformin use and the risk of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in type II diabetic patients. Colorectal Dis 2021; 23:3220-3226. [PMID: 34347359 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Emerging evidence has suggested that metformin may be protective against the development of human-papillomavirus-related cancers. Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is highly associated with human papillomavirus infection and a precancerous status of anal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between metformin usage and the development of AIN in a large national sample. METHODOLOGY The IBM MarketScan dataset was used to design a nested case-control study from 2010 to 2017. Patients aged 18-65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were evaluated, and cases of AIN were identified. Four controls were randomly selected in the risk set of each case by using incidence density sampling. The association between metformin usage and AIN was assessed using multivariate logistic regression modelling. RESULTS A total of 258 patients with type 2 DM were diagnosed with AIN during the study interval, and these were matched to 1032 control patients without a diagnosis of AIN. Patients who developed AIN had 38% lower odds of prior metformin use compared to those without a history of AIN (P < 0.01) and this finding remained robust after adjusting for age, sex, human immunodeficiency virus infection and DM complications (P = 0.02). Patients with AIN had 56% lower odds of long-term metformin use compared to control patients (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS An AIN diagnosis in patients with DM is associated with 56% lower likelihood of prior metformin use. This relationship suggests that metformin could potentially play a protective role against AIN. Prospective studies in non-diabetic patients are warranted to examine these findings further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ting-Wei Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ya-Ching Hung
- Department of Surgery, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandy H Fang
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher R D'Adamo
- Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arun A Mavanur
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Surgery, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shane M Svoboda
- Department of Surgery, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua H Wolf
- Department of Surgery, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Misirkic Marjanovic MS, Vucicevic LM, Despotovic AR, Stamenkovic MM, Janjetovic KD. Dual anticancer role of metformin: an old drug regulating AMPK dependent/independent pathways in metabolic, oncogenic/tumorsuppresing and immunity context. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5625-5643. [PMID: 34873484 PMCID: PMC8640802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been known to treat type 2 diabetes for decades and is widely prescribed antidiabetic drug. Recently, its anticancer potential has also been discovered. Moreover, metformin has low cost thus it has attained profound research interest. Comprehensing the complexity of the molecular regulatory networks in cancer provides a mode for advancement of research in cancer development and treatment. Metformin targets many pathways that play an important role in cancer cell survival outcome. Here, we described anticancer activity of metformin on the AMPK dependent/independent mechanisms regulating metabolism, oncogene/tumor suppressor signaling pathways together with the issue of clinical studies. We also provided brief overwiev about recently described metformin's role in cancer immunity. Insight in these complex molecular networks, will simplify application of metformin in clinical trials and contribute to improvement of anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja S Misirkic Marjanovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of BelgradeSerbia
| | - Ljubica M Vucicevic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of BelgradeSerbia
| | - Ana R Despotovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of BelgradeSerbia
| | - Marina M Stamenkovic
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of BelgradeSerbia
| | - Kristina D Janjetovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of BelgradeSerbia
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Gu X, Han YY, Yang CY, Ji HM, Lan YJ, Bi YQ, Zheng C, Qu J, Cheng MH, Gao J. Activated AMPK by metformin protects against fibroblast proliferation during pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing FOXM1. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105844. [PMID: 34450310 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive and devastating lung disease of unknown etiology, excessive fibroblast proliferation serves as a key event to promote PF. Transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is not only a well-known proto-oncogene, but also an essential driver of cell proliferation. Recently, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is reported to reduce the incidence of PF. However, it remains elusive whether have an underlying relationship between AMPK and FOXM1 in fibroblast proliferation-mediated PF. Here, the progression of lung fibroblast proliferation and the expression levels of AMPK and FOXM1 were observed by intratracheally instilled of bleomycin (BLM) and intraperitoneal injection of metformin in C57BL/6 J mice. Meanwhile, human fetal lung fibroblast1 (HFL1) cells were respectively treated with AMPK activator metformin or AMPK inhibitor Compound C, or FOXM1 depletion by transfected small interfering RNA (siRNA) to unveil roles of AMPK, FOXM1 and the link between them on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced fibroblast proliferation. Our results demonstrated that AMPK activated by metformin could down-regulate FOXM1 and alleviate BLM-induced mouse PF model. In vitro, activation of AMPK attenuated PDGF-induced fibroblast proliferation accompanied by the down-regulation of FOXM1. In contrast, inhibition of AMPK enhanced PDGF-induced fibroblast proliferation along with activating FOXM1. These findings suggest that AMPK can ameliorate the progression of fibroblast proliferation during PF via suppressing the expression of FOXM1 and provide new insight into seek PF treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Gu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200120, China; 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723000, China
| | - Yong-Yue Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Chong-Yang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Hui-Min Ji
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yue-Jiao Lan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yu-Qian Bi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, China
| | - Ming-Han Cheng
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200120, China.
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Shen Z, Zhou H, Li A, Wu T, Ji X, Guo L, Zhu X, Zhang D, He X. Metformin inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma development by inducing apoptosis and pyroptosis through regulating FOXO3. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22120-22133. [PMID: 34546972 PMCID: PMC8507283 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to expand our understanding of metformin (Met) in inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and to investigate its underlying mechanism. Met was administrated to HCC cells at 5, 10, and 20 μM, after which the cell phenotype was evaluated. RNA-seq cluster analysis was used to screen for target genes modulated by Met. Luciferase activity and ChIP assays were performed to detect the effect of FOXO3 on the transcriptional activation of NLRP3. We evaluated the effect of Met and FOXO3 and on the growth of HCC cells in vivo. Met inhibited HCC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Met also induced pyroptosis of HCC cells. FOXO3 was significantly upregulated by Met treatment, and FOXO3 activated transcription of NLRP3. Cells after Met treatment together with FOXO3 knockdown have a stronger colony formation and migration ability but a lower apoptosis rate compared to the Met treatment alone group. In vivo, Met inhibited HCC tumor growth. The tumors in Met treatment and FOXO3 knockdown group grew faster than in Met treatment group. Thus, Met attenuates HCC cell development by inducing apoptosis and pyroptosis. This effect of metformin is partially dependent on FOXO3 which can activate the transcription of NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetian Shen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aomei Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiancong Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Poolingmed Institute of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xixu Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dagan Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia He
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Xing X, Wang H, Niu T, Jiang Y, Shi X, Liu K. RUNX1 can mediate the glucose and O-GlcNAc-driven proliferation and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e001898. [PMID: 34348917 PMCID: PMC8340280 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to determine whether high glucose condition and dynamic O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification can promote the proliferation and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and whether Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) could mediate the glucose and O-GlcNAc-driven proliferation and migration of HRMECs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Western blot analysis was used to detect the O-GlcNAc modification level and RUNX1 level in cells and retina tissues, cell growth was studied by cell counting kit-8 assay, cell proliferation was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Then, cell migration and tube formation were investigated by scratch-wound assay, Transwell assay, and tube-forming assay. The changes of retinal structure were detected by H&E staining. The O-GlcNAc modification of RUNX1 was detected by immunoprecipitation. RESULTS High glucose increases pan-cellular O-GlcNAc modification and the proliferation and migration of HRMECs. Hence, O-GlcNAc modification is critical for the proliferation and migration of HRMECs. RUNX1 mediates the glucose and O-GlcNAc-driven proliferation and migration in HRMECs. RUNX1 can be modified by O-GlcNAc, and that the modification is enhanced in a high glucose environment. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals that high glucose condition directly affects retinal endothelial cells (EC) function, and O-GlcNAc modification is critical for the proliferation and migration of HRMECs, RUNX1 may take part in this mechanism, and maybe the function of RUNX1 is related to its O-GlcNAc modification level, which provides a new perspective for studying the mechanism of RUNX1 in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindan Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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15
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Metformin Attenuates Hypoxia-induced Endothelial Cell Injury by Activating the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:862-874. [PMID: 33929389 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Metformin reduces the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, and potential underlying mechanisms of action have been suggested. Here, we investigated the role of metformin in endothelial cell injury and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) induced by hypoxia. All experiments were performed in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs). HCMECs were exposed to hypoxic conditions for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, and we assessed the cell viability by cell counting kit 8; metformin (2, 5, 10, and 20 mmol/L) was added to the cells after exposure to the hypoxic conditions for 48 hours. The cells were randomly divided into the control group, hypoxia group, hypoxia + metformin group, hypoxia + control small interfering RNA group, hypoxia + small interfering Prkaa1 (siPrkaa1) group, and hypoxia + siPrkaa1 + metformin group. Flow cytometry and cell counting kit 8 were used to monitor apoptosis and assess cell viability. Immunofluorescence staining was used to identify the CD31+/alpha smooth muscle actin+ double-positive cells. Quantitative real-time-PCR and Western blot were used for mRNA and protein expression analyses, respectively. Hypoxia contributed to endothelial injuries and EndMT of HCMECs in a time-dependent manner, which was mainly manifested as decreases in cell viability, increases in apoptotic rate, and changes in expression of apoptosis-related and EndMT-related mRNAs and proteins. Furthermore, metformin could attenuate the injuries and EndMT caused by hypoxia. After metformin treatment, phosphorylated-AMPK (pAMPK) and p-endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression increased, whereas p-mammalian target of rapamycin expression decreased. However, results obtained after transfection with siPrkaa1 were in contrast to the results of metformin treatment. In conclusion, metformin can attenuate endothelial injuries and suppress EndMT of HCMECs under hypoxic conditions because of its ability to activate the AMPK pathway, increase p-AMPK/AMP-activated protein kinase, and inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin.
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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Metformin in Cervical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112545. [PMID: 34067321 PMCID: PMC8196882 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The potential effects of metformin in terms of cancer prevention and therapy have been widely studied, and a number of studies have indicated its potential role in cancer treatment. Metformin exerts anticancer effects, alone or in combination with other agents, on cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. Metformin might thus serve as an adjunct therapeutic agent for cervical cancer. Abstract Cervical cancer is one of the major gynecologic malignancies worldwide. Treatment options include chemotherapy, surgical resection, radiotherapy, or a combination of these treatments; however, relapse and recurrence may occur, and the outcome may not be favorable. Metformin is an established, safe, well-tolerated drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes; it can be safely combined with other antidiabetic agents. Diabetes, possibly associated with an increased site-specific cancer risk, may relate to the progression or initiation of specific types of cancer. The potential effects of metformin in terms of cancer prevention and therapy have been widely studied, and a number of studies have indicated its potential role in cancer treatment. The most frequently proposed mechanism underlying the diabetes–cancer association is insulin resistance, which leads to secondary hyperinsulinemia; furthermore, insulin may exert mitogenic effects through the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor, and hyperglycemia may worsen carcinogenesis through the induction of oxidative stress. Evidence has suggested clinical benefits of metformin in the treatment of gynecologic cancers. Combining current anticancer drugs with metformin may increase their efficacy and diminish adverse drug reactions. Accumulating evidence is indicating that metformin exerts anticancer effects alone or in combination with other agents in cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. Metformin might thus serve as an adjunct therapeutic agent for cervical cancer. Here, we reviewed the potential anticancer effects of metformin against cervical cancer and discussed possible underlying mechanisms.
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17
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Hoppe-Seyler K, Herrmann AL, Däschle A, Kuhn BJ, Strobel TD, Lohrey C, Bulkescher J, Krijgsveld J, Hoppe-Seyler F. Effects of Metformin on the virus/host cell crosstalk in human papillomavirus-positive cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1137-1149. [PMID: 33844847 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are major human carcinogens. The viral E6/E7 oncogenes maintain the malignant growth of HPV-positive cancer cells. Targeted E6/E7 inhibition results in efficient induction of cellular senescence, which could be exploited for therapeutic purposes. Here we show that viral E6/E7 expression is strongly downregulated by Metformin in HPV-positive cervical cancer and head and neck cancer cells, both at the transcript and protein level. Metformin-induced E6/E7 repression is glucose and PI3K-dependent but-other than E6/E7 repression under hypoxia-AKT-independent. Proteome analyses reveal that Metformin-induced HPV oncogene repression is linked to the downregulation of cellular factors associated with E6/E7 expression in HPV-positive cancer biopsies. Notably, despite efficient E6/E7 repression, Metformin induces only a reversible proliferative stop in HPV-positive cancer cells and enables them to evade senescence. Metformin also efficiently blocks senescence induction in HPV-positive cancer cells in response to targeted E6/E7 inhibition by RNA interference. Moreover, Metformin treatment enables HPV-positive cancer cells to escape from chemotherapy-induced senescence. These findings uncover profound effects of Metformin on the virus/host cell interactions and the phenotype of HPV-positive cancer cells with implications for therapy-induced senescence, for attempts to repurpose Metformin as an anticancer agent and for the development of E6/E7-inhibitory therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hoppe-Seyler
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja L Herrmann
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Däschle
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bianca J Kuhn
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias D Strobel
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Lohrey
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Bulkescher
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Hoppe-Seyler
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Metformin induces caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis in human bladder cancer T24 cells. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:655-662. [PMID: 32568826 PMCID: PMC7365670 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the sixth most common cancer in men. Moreover, chemotherapy for BC leads to various side effects. Metformin is known to induce apoptosis in vitro in many types of cancer. Furthermore, it has feasibility as a drug repositioning used for the treatment of cancer. The molecular mechanism of metformin mediating apoptosis in BC is still unclear. In this study, we showed that metformin stimulated the caspase-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway in T24 cells, a human BC cell line. Moreover, the induced apoptosis was partially inhibited by a general caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, which suggested that metformin-induced apoptosis in T24 cells is partially caspase-independent. Notably, we observed the nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factors (AIFs) in metformin-promoted apoptosis, which is a typical characteristic of the caspase-independent apoptotic pathway. In addition, we found that metformin-mediated apoptosis occurred via degradation of the cellular FADD-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) by facilitating ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated c-FLIPL degradation. Furthermore, treatment with the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine, failed to suppress metformin-induced apoptosis and c-FLIPL protein degradation in metformin-treated T24 cells. In conclusion, these results indicate that metformin-induced apoptosis was mediated through AIF-promoted caspase-independent pathways as well as caspase-dependent pathways in T24 cells. As such, metformin could be used as a possible apoptotic agent for the treatment of BC.
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Kathuria D, Raul AD, Wanjari P, Bharatam PV. Biguanides: Species with versatile therapeutic applications. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113378. [PMID: 33857729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biguanides are compounds in which two guanidine moieties are fused to form a highly conjugated system. Biguanides are highly basic and hence they are available as salts mostly hydrochloride salts, these cationic species have been found to exhibit many therapeutic properties. This review covers the research and development carried out on biguanides and accounts the various therapeutic applications of drugs containing biguanide group-such as antimalarial, antidiabetic, antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-tubercular, antifilarial, anti-HIV, as well as other biological activities. The aim of this review is to compile all the medicinal chemistry applications of this class of compounds so as to pave way for the accelerated efforts in finding the drug action mechanisms associated with this class of compounds. Importance has been given to the organic chemistry of these biguanide derivatives also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kathuria
- University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Akshay D Raul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Pravin Wanjari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India.
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20
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Ma J, Wu C, Hart GW. Analytical and Biochemical Perspectives of Protein O-GlcNAcylation. Chem Rev 2021; 121:1513-1581. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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21
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Yalcin G, Lee CK. The Discovery of Druggable Anti-aging Agents. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2021; 24:232-242. [PMID: 33389971 PMCID: PMC7781965 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.20.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to extend the lifespan of many species. Research to identify compounds that imitate the results of CR has shown extensions of both lifespan and healthspan via different mechanisms. For example, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors such as rapamycin, phenols, and flavonoids show antioxidant characteristics, while spermidine induces autophagy. Herein, we summarize research progress and proposed mechanisms for the most well-known compounds showing lifespan-extending potential for anti-aging characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulperi Yalcin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Koo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Ning J, Yang H. O-GlcNAcylation in Hyperglycemic Pregnancies: Impact on Placental Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:659733. [PMID: 34140929 PMCID: PMC8204080 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.659733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic cycling of N-acetylglucosamine, termed as O-GlcNAcylation, is a post-translational modification of proteins and is involved in the regulation of fundamental cellular processes. It is controlled by two essential enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase. O-GlcNAcylation serves as a modulator in placental tissue; furthermore, increased levels of protein O-GlcNAcylation have been observed in women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy, which may affect the short-and long-term development of offspring. In this review, we focus on the impact of O-GlcNAcylation on placental functions in hyperglycemia-associated pregnancies. We discuss the following topics: effect of O-GlcNAcylation on placental development and its association with hyperglycemia; maternal-fetal nutrition transport, particularly glucose transport, via the mammalian target of rapamycin and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways; and the two-sided regulatory effect of O-GlcNAcylation on inflammation. As O-GlcNAcylation in the placental tissues of pregnant women with hyperglycemia influences near- and long-term development of offspring, research in this field has significant therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Foetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing, China
- Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Foetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing, China
- Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huixia Yang,
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23
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Mehdizadehkashi A, Sadoughi F, Samimi M. Quercetin and cervical cancer: a view of great scope. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wang G, Dong Y, Liu H. Curcumol enhances the anti-tumor effects of metformin via suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in triple-negative breast cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:946. [PMID: 32953746 PMCID: PMC7475397 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a severe disease with a high mortality rate. Metformin has been found to possess anti-tumor properties. Curcumol, an active ingredient extracted from curcuma, exerts the protective effect in TNBC cells through inducing apoptosis. However, the effects of curcumol combined with metformin on the treatment of TNBC have yet to be fully established. Methods TNBC cells MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were used in the study. TNBC cells were treated with curcumol and metformin alone or treated with curcumol combined with metformin. Cell viability was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell apoptosis was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The levels of proteins were measured using Western blot. Wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assays were used to determine cell migration and invasion ability, respectively. A xenograft model was established to investigate the tumor growth ability. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of Ki-67 and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results In the study, the administration of curcumol alone had no significant effects on the TNBC cells. However, the anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis, and anti-epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) effects of metformin were enhanced by the addition of curcumol. Further, curcumol reversed TNBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT induced by rucaparib, and enhanced the effect of metformin on rucaparib-induced TNBC cells. The combination of curcumol and metformin also suppressed tumor growth, EMT marker expression, and the activation of Wnt2/β-Catenin signaling during in vivo experiments. Conclusions The combination of curcumol and metformin enhances the anti-tumor effects of metformin on TNBC via inhibiting EMT. Curcumol combined with metformin may hold promise as a therapeutic strategy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangyue Wang
- Department of Breast, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Breast, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Breast, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Cenni V, Squarzoni S, Loi M, Mattioli E, Lattanzi G, Capanni C. Emerin Phosphorylation during the Early Phase of the Oxidative Stress Response Influences Emerin-BAF Interaction and BAF Nuclear Localization. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061415. [PMID: 32517247 PMCID: PMC7349582 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are reactive molecules required for the maintenance of physiological functions. Oxidative stress arises when ROS production exceeds the cellular ability to eliminate such molecules. In this study, we showed that oxidative stress induces post-translational modification of the inner nuclear membrane protein emerin. In particular, emerin is phosphorylated at the early stages of the oxidative stress response, while protein phosphorylation is abolished upon recovery from stress. A finely tuned balance between emerin phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation seems to govern this dynamic and modulates emerin–BAF interaction and BAF nucleoplasmic localization during the oxidative stress response. Interestingly, emerin post-translational modifications, similar to those observed during the stress response, are detected in cells bearing LMNA gene mutations and are characterized by a free radical generating environment. On the other hand, under oxidative stress conditions, a delay in DNA damage repair and cell cycle progression is found in cells from Emery–Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy type 1, which do not express emerin. These results suggest a role of the emerin–BAF protein platform in the DNA damage response aimed at counteracting the detrimental effects of elevated levels of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cenni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (S.S.); (M.L.); (E.M.); (G.L.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Squarzoni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (S.S.); (M.L.); (E.M.); (G.L.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (S.S.); (M.L.); (E.M.); (G.L.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (S.S.); (M.L.); (E.M.); (G.L.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (S.S.); (M.L.); (E.M.); (G.L.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Capanni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (S.S.); (M.L.); (E.M.); (G.L.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-6366856; Fax: +39-051-4689922
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Qin L, Wang J, Zhao R, Zhang X, Mei Y. Ginsenoside-Rb1 Improved Diabetic Cardiomyopathy through Regulating Calcium Signaling by Alleviating Protein O-GlcNAcylation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:14074-14085. [PMID: 31793297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside-Rb1 (Rb1), a major active component of ginseng, has many benefits for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus (DM), but the effect and mechanism on diabetic cardiomyopathy are not clear. In the present study, we found that Rb1-feeding significantly improved cardiac dysfunction and abnormal cardiomyocytes calcium signaling caused by diabetes. This improved calcium signaling was because Rb1 reduced Ca2+ leakage caused by overactivated ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) and increased Ca2+ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a (SERCA 2a). Furthermore, we found that Rb1 not only enhanced energy metabolism like metformin and eliminated O-GlcNAcylation of calcium handling proteins to regulate calcium signaling but also directly inhibited RyR2 activity to regulate calcium signaling. The present study indicated that as a health supplement or drug, Rb1 was a relatively effective auxiliary therapeutic substance for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan , China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Chengdu Slan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. , Chengdu 610041 , Sichuan , China
| | - RongRong Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan , China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan , China
| | - Yingwu Mei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan , China
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