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Elhoseny SM, Saleh NM, Meshali MM. Self-Nanoemulsion Intrigues the Gold Phytopharmaceutical Chrysin: In Vitro Assessment and Intrinsic Analgesic Effect. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:54. [PMID: 38443653 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chrysin is a natural flavonoid with a wide range of bioactivities. Only a few investigations have assessed the analgesic activity of chrysin. The lipophilicity of chrysin reduces its aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Hence, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) were designed to overcome this problem. Kollisolv GTA, Tween 80, and Transcutol HP were selected as oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant, respectively. SNEDDS A, B, and C were prepared, loaded with chrysin (0.1%w/w), and extensively evaluated. The optimized formula (B) encompasses 25% Kollisolv GTA, 18.75% Tween 80, and 56.25% Transcutol HP was further assessed. TEM, in vitro release, and biocompatibility towards the normal oral epithelial cell line (OEC) were estimated. Brain targeting and acetic acid-induced writhing in a mouse model were studied. After testing several adsorbents, powdered SNEDDS B was formulated and evaluated. The surfactant/cosurfactant (S/CoS) ratio of 1:3 w/w was appropriate for the preparation of SNEDDS. Formula B exhibited instant self-emulsification, spherical nanoscaled droplets of 155.4 ± 32.02 nm, and a zeta potential of - 12.5 ± 3.40 mV. The in vitro release proved the superiority of formula B over chrysin suspension (56.16 ± 10.23 and 9.26 ± 1.67%, respectively). The biocompatibility of formula B towards OEC was duplicated (5.69 ± 0.03 µg/mL). The nociceptive pain was mitigated by formula B more efficiently than chrysin suspension as the writhing numbers reduced from 8.33 ± 0.96 to 0 after 60 min of oral administration. Aerosil R972 was selected as an adsorbent, and its chemical compatibility was confirmed. In conclusion, our findings prove the therapeutic efficacy of chrysin self-nanoemulsion as a potential targeting platform to combat pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Mohamed Elhoseny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Noha Mohamed Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mahasen Mohamed Meshali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Hashim M, Badruddeen, Akhtar J, Khan MI, Ahmad M, Islam A, Ahmad A. Diabetic Neuropathy: An Overview of Molecular Pathways and Protective Mechanisms of Phytobioactives. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:758-776. [PMID: 37867264 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303266444231008143430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus that affects the peripheral nerves and causes pain, numbness, and impaired function. The pathogenesis of DN involves multiple molecular mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and pathways of advanced glycation end products, polyol, hexosamine, and protein kinase C. Phytochemicals are natural compounds derived from plants that have various biological activities and therapeutic potential. Flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, stilbenes, and tannins are some of the phytochemicals that have been identified as having protective potential for diabetic neuropathy. These compounds can modulate various cellular pathways involved in the development and progression of neuropathy, including reducing oxidative stress and inflammation and promoting nerve growth and repair. In this review, the current evidence on the effects of phytochemicals on DN by focusing on five major classes, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, stilbenes, and tannins, are summarized. This compilation also discusses the possible molecular targets of numerous pathways of DN that these phytochemicals modulate. These phytochemicals may offer a promising alternative or complementary approach to conventional drugs for DN management by modulating multiple pathological pathways and restoring nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hashim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Badruddeen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anas Islam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asad Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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El-Marasy SA, AbouSamra MM, El-Mosallamy AEMK, Emam AN, Mabrok HB, Galal AF, Ahmed-Farid OA, Abd El-Rahman SS, Moustafa PE. Chrysin loaded nanovesicles ameliorated diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Role of NGF/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 375:110402. [PMID: 36804429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common diabetic complication. Chrysin (CHY) has many biological properties but poor oral bioavailability. This study investigates the effect of CHY and CHY-loaded nanovesicles (CHY-NVs) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DPN in rats. CHY-NVs were prepared by using film hydration method. The formula with the best entrapment efficiency%, lowest particle size, highest zeta potential, and highest in vitro CHY released profile was selected, characterized by Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy analysis, and examined by Transmission electron microscope. Acute toxicity test, pharmacokinetic study and experimental model of diabetes mellitus were performed on the selected formulation. Wistar rats were considered diabetic by administration of a single intraperitoneal dose of STZ (50 mg/kg). 48 h after STZ administration, hyperglycemic rats were randomly assigned into four groups, one group of untreated hyperglycemic rats and the other three groups received daily oral doses of unloaded NVs, CHY-NVs (25 mg/kg), and CHY-NVs (50 mg/kg), respectively for 21 days. Moreover, five additional groups of healthy rats received: distilled water (control), free CHY, unloaded NVs, and CHY-NVs respectively for 21 days. CHY and CHY-NVs maintained body weight and reduced STZ-induced behavioral changes in rotarod, hind paw cold allodynia, tail cold allodynia, tail flick, and hot plate tests. CHY and CHY-NVs lowered blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, elevated serum reduced glutathione (GSH), and reduced plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. CHY-NVs elevated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pi3k), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), and reduced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in sciatic nerve homogenate. CHY and CHY-NVs increased nerve growth factor (NGF) and decreased glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) gene expressions in the sciatic nerve. In conclusion, CHY and CHY-NVs ameliorated STZ-induced DPN behavioral and histopathological changes via attenuating hyperglycemia, exerting anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, activating NGF/p-AKT/GSK-3β pathway, and its anti-apoptotic effect. The best pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic effect was observed in rats treated with CHY-loaded NVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A El-Marasy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical and clinical studies institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mona M AbouSamra
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Pharmaceutical drug industries research institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aliaa E M K El-Mosallamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical and clinical studies institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N Emam
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials Technology and Mineral Researches research institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda B Mabrok
- Nutrition and food science department, Food industries and nutrition research institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Galal
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, Medical and clinical studies research institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Sahar S Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Passant E Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical and clinical studies institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Kim S, Lim SW, Choi J. Drug discovery inspired by bioactive small molecules from nature. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:254-265. [PMID: 36605590 PMCID: PMC9809404 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2157480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) have greatly contributed to the development of novel treatments for human diseases such as cancer, metabolic disorders, and infections. Compared to synthetic chemical compounds, primary and secondary metabolites from medicinal plants, fungi, microorganisms, and our bodies are promising resources with immense chemical diversity and favorable properties for drug development. In addition to the well-validated significance of secondary metabolites, endogenous small molecules derived from central metabolism and signaling events have shown great potential as drug candidates due to their unique metabolite-protein interactions. In this short review, we highlight the values of NPs, discuss recent scientific and technological advances including metabolomics tools, chemoproteomics approaches, and artificial intelligence-based computation platforms, and explore potential strategies to overcome the current challenges in NP-driven drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea, Seyun Kim
| | - Seol-Wa Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Human Endogenous Retroviruses: Friends and Foes in Urology Clinics. Int Neurourol J 2022; 26:275-287. [PMID: 36599336 PMCID: PMC9816444 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2244284.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are originated from ancient exogenous retroviruses, which infected human germ line cells millions of years ago. HERVs have generally lost their replication and retrotransposition abilities, but adopted physiological roles in human biology. Though mostly inactive, HERVs can be reactivated by internal and external factors such as inflammations and environmental conditions. Their aberrant expression can participate in various human malignancies with complex etiology. This review describes the features and functions of HERVs in urological subjects, such as urological cancers and human reproduction. It provides the current knowledge of the HERVs and useful insights helping practice in urology clinics.
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Jeon KB, Lee SH, Kwon YS, Beak JH, Lee H, Ma CJ. Protective effect of fermented aloe extract on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:318-327. [PMID: 36605589 PMCID: PMC9809408 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2147584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive glutamate can cause oxidative stress in neuronal cells and this can significantly contribute to the etiology of neurodegenerative disease. The present study mainly aims to investigate that aloe extract (AE) and fermented aloe extract (FAE) could protect against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress. In this study, both AE and FAE showed potent neuroprotective activity by inhibiting ROS and Ca2+ concentration, increasing mitochondria membrane potential, and activating glutathione-related enzymes against glutamate-insulted neurotoxicity in HT22 cells. In addition, the neuroprotective activity of FAE was more potent than that of AE. HPLC analysis reveals that the chemical composition of FAE is different from that of AE. Especially, the contents of aloin A, aloin B and aloenin were higher in FAE than in AE. In conclusion, this study indicates that both AE and FAE may have effective neuroprotective activity in glutamate-insulted pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease by managing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Beom Jeon
- R&DB Center, Beauty Science, Ltd., Sejong, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Hyeon Lee
- R&DB Center, Beauty Science, Ltd., Sejong, Korea
| | - Choong Je Ma
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea, Choong Je Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea. Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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Feng JH, Jung JS, Hwang SH, Lee SK, Lee SY, Kwak YG, Kim DH, Song CY, Kim MJ, Suh HW, Kim SC, Lim SS. The mixture of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. extract produces analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:166-173. [PMID: 36046031 PMCID: PMC9423830 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2106302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hui Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon Sub Jung
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soo Kyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Korean Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youn Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Gil Kwak
- Research Institute, Huons Foodience, Keumsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Ho Kim
- Research Institute, Huons Foodience, Keumsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu-Youn Song
- Research Institute, Huons Foodience, Keumsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Institute, Huons Foodience, Keumsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Won Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Korean Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Matsia S, Tsave O, Hatzidimitriou A, Salifoglou A. Chromium Flavonoid Complexation in an Antioxidant Capacity Role. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137171. [PMID: 35806176 PMCID: PMC9266733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The plethora of flavonoid antioxidants in plant organisms, widespread in nature, and the appropriate metal ions known for their influence on biological processes constitute the crux of investigations toward the development of preventive metallodrugs and therapeutics in several human pathophysiologies. To that end, driven by the need to enhance the structural and (bio)chemical attributes of the flavonoid chrysin, as a metal ion complexation agent, thereby rendering it bioavailable toward oxidative stress, synthetic efforts in our lab targeted ternary Cr(III)-chrysin species in the presence of auxiliary aromatic N,N′-chelators. The crystalline metal-organic Cr(III)-chrysin-L (L = bipyridine (1) and phenanthroline (2)) compounds that arose were physicochemically characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Visible, ESI-MS, luminescence, and X-ray crystallography. The properties of these compounds in a solid state and in solution formulate a well-defined profile for the two species, thereby justifying their further use in biological experiments, intimately related to cellular processes on oxidative stress. Experiments in C2C12 myoblasts at the cellular level (a) focus on the antioxidant capacity of the Cr(III)-complexed flavonoids, emphasizing their distinct antiradical activity under oxidative stress conditions, and (b) exemplify the importance of structural speciation in Cr(III)-flavonoid interactions, thereby formulating correlations with the antioxidant activity of a bioavailable flavonoid toward cellular pathophysiologies, collectively supporting flavonoid introduction in new metallo-therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevasti Matsia
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.M.); (O.T.)
| | - Olga Tsave
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.M.); (O.T.)
| | - Antonios Hatzidimitriou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Salifoglou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.M.); (O.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-996-179
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Abstract
This paper is the forty-third consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2020 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
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Li Y, Wang X. Chrysin Attenuates High Glucose-Induced BMSC Dysfunction via the Activation of the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:165-182. [PMID: 35058687 PMCID: PMC8763623 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s335024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose High glucose environment in diabetes mellitus induces the dysfunction of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and impairs bone regeneration. Chrysin is a natural polyphenol with outstanding anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation ability. However, whether and how chrysin affects BMSCs in high glucose conditions remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of chrysin on the BMSCs exposed to high glucose environment. Materials and Methods Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit 8 assay and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine staining, while cell apoptosis was determined through flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/PI kit. The oxidative stress in BMSCs was evaluated by detecting the reactive oxygen species production, malondialdehyde content, and superoxide dismutase activity. Alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red staining, and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to determine the osteogenic differentiation. Western blot was used to examine the expression of the PI3K/ATK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, chrysin was injected into calvarial defects of type 1 diabetic SD rats to assess its in vivo bone formation capability. Results Chrysin reduced oxidative stress, increased cell viability, and promoted osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs exposed to high glucose. Blocking PI3K/ATK/Nrf2 signaling pathway weakened the beneficial effects of chrysin, indicating that chrysin at least partly worked through the PI3K/ATK/Nrf2 pathway. Conclusion Chrysin can protect BMSCs from high glucose-induced oxidative stress via the activation of the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway, and promote bone regeneration in type 1 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center-Hand and Plastic Surgery, University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ximei Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Sivakumar PM, Prabhakar PK, Cetinel S, R N, Prabhawathi V. Molecular Insights on the Therapeutic Effect of Selected Flavonoids on Diabetic Neuropathy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:1828-1846. [PMID: 35264089 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220309140855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the common clinical complications of diabetes is diabetic neuropathy affecting the nervous system. Painful diabetic neuropathy is widespread and highly prevalent. At least 50% of diabetes patients develop diabetic neuropathy eventually. The four main types of diabetic neuropathy are peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, proximal neuropathy (diabetic polyradiculopathy), and mononeuropathy (Focal neuropathy). Glucose control remains the common therapy for diabetic neuropathy due to limited knowledge on early biomarkers that are expressed during nerve damage, thereby limiting the cure through pharmacotherapy. Glucose control dramatically reduces the onset of neuropathy in type 1 diabetes but proves less effective in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the focus is on various herbal remedies for prevention and treatment. There is numerous research on the use of anticonvulsants and antidepressants for the management of pain in diabetic neuropathy. Extensive research is being done on natural products including the isolation of pure compounds like flavonoids from plants and their effect on diabetic neuropathy. This review focuses on the use of an important of flavonoids such as flavanols (e.g., quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin), flavanones (e.g., hesperidin, naringenin and c,lass eriodictyol), and flavones (e.g., apigenin, luteolin, tangeretin, chrysin, and diosmin) for the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy. The mechanisms of action of flavonoids against diabetic neuropathy by their antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-glycation properties, etc. are also covered in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam.
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | - Sibel Cetinel
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Neelakandan R
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veluchamy Prabhawathi
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore - 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Feng JH, Kim HY, Sim SM, Zuo GL, Jung JS, Hwang SH, Kwak YG, Kim MJ, Jo JH, Kim SC, Lim SS, Suh HW. The Anti-Inflammatory and the Antinociceptive Effects of Mixed Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Extract. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061234. [PMID: 34204404 PMCID: PMC8234973 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arthritis is a common condition that causes pain and inflammation in a joint. Previously, we reported that the mixture extract (ME) from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (AP) and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SM) could ameliorate gout arthritis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of ME and characterize the mechanism. We compared the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of a positive control, Perna canaliculus powder (PC). The results showed that one-off and one-week treatment of ME reduced the pain threshold in a dose-dependent manner (from 10 to 100 mg/kg) in the mono-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) model. ME also reduced the plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels. In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, ME inhibited the release of NO, PGE2, LTB4, and IL-6, increased the phosphorylation of PPAR-γ protein, and downregulated TNF-α and MAPKs proteins expression in a concentration-dependent (from 1 to 100 µg/mL) manner. Furthermore, ME ameliorated the progression of ear edema in mice. In most of the experiments, ME-induced effects were almost equal to, or were higher than, PC-induced effects. Conclusions: The data presented here suggest that ME shows anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, indicating ME may be a potential therapeutic for arthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hui Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea; (J.-H.F.); (S.-M.S.)
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Yong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea; (H.-Y.K.); (G.-L.Z.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Su-Min Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea; (J.-H.F.); (S.-M.S.)
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Guang-Lei Zuo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea; (H.-Y.K.); (G.-L.Z.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Jeon-Sub Jung
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Seung-Hwan Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea; (H.-Y.K.); (G.-L.Z.); (S.-H.H.)
- R&D Center, Huons Co., Ltd., 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Youn-Gil Kwak
- Research Institute, Huons Nature, Geumsan 32742, Choong-cheong Nam-do, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (M.-J.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Research Institute, Huons Nature, Geumsan 32742, Choong-cheong Nam-do, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (M.-J.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Jeong-Hun Jo
- Research Institute, Huons Nature, Geumsan 32742, Choong-cheong Nam-do, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (M.-J.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Sung-Chan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Soon-Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea; (H.-Y.K.); (G.-L.Z.); (S.-H.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.-S.L.); (H.-W.S.); Tel.: +82-33-248-2133 (S.-S.L.); +82-33-248-2614 (H.-W.S.)
| | - Hong-Won Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea; (J.-H.F.); (S.-M.S.)
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-S.L.); (H.-W.S.); Tel.: +82-33-248-2133 (S.-S.L.); +82-33-248-2614 (H.-W.S.)
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Chrysin: Perspectives on Contemporary Status and Future Possibilities as Pro-Health Agent. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062038. [PMID: 34198618 PMCID: PMC8232110 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin belongs to the group of natural polyphenols. It can be found, among others, in honey, propolis and fruits and has a wide range of biological activities, including the prevention of oxidative stress, inflammation, neurodegeneration and carcinogenesis. Being a part of the human diet, chrysin is considered to be a promising compound to be used in the prevention of many diseases, including cancers, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. Nevertheless, due to the low solubility of chrysin in water and under physiological conditions, its bioavailability is low. For this reason, attempts at its functionalization have been undertaken, aiming to increase its absorption and thus augment its in vivo therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent research on chrysin, including its sources, metabolism, pro-health effects and the effects of its functionalization on biological activity and pharmacological efficacy, evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.
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14
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Feng JH, Sim SM, Park JS, Hong JS, Suh H. Modulation of corticosterone and changes of signal molecules in the HPA axis after cold water swimming stress. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:37-45. [PMID: 33717415 PMCID: PMC7935129 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.1890211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effect of cold-water swimming stress (CWSS) on plasma corticosterone levels. Mice were exposed to stress in 4°C for 3 mins. Plasma corticosterone (CORT) level was measured at 0, 15, and 30 min after stress stimulation. The plasma CORT level was gradually increased up to 30 min. Then we further examined the changes of several signaling molecules expression levels, such as p-ERK, p-JNK, p-P38, p-AMPKα1, p-AMPKα2, and p-mTOR, in the HPA axis. We observed that those signaling molecules were altered after stress in the HPA axis. p-ERK, p-JNK, p-P38, and p-mTOR proteins expression were reduced by CWSS in the HPA axis. However, the phosphorylation of AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 were activated after CWSS in the HPA axis. Our results suggest that the upregulation of plasma CORT level induced by CWSS may be modulated by the those signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hui Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chun-Cheon, South Korea
| | - Su Min Sim
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chun-Cheon, South Korea
| | - Jung Seok Park
- Department of Physical Education, Hallym University, Chun-Cheon, South Korea
| | - Jae Seung Hong
- Department of Physical Education, Hallym University, Chun-Cheon, South Korea
| | - HongWon Suh
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chun-Cheon, South Korea
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15
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Biosynthesis of copperoxide nanoparticles using Abies spectabilis plant extract and analyzing its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potency in various mice models. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Al-Hariri MT, Abualait TS. Effects of Green Brazilian Propolis Alcohol Extract on Nociceptive Pain Models in Rats. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1102. [PMID: 32867097 PMCID: PMC7570148 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pain is one of the most common symptoms encountered in the medical practice. None of the management procedures used currently offer a complete relief for patients suffering from nociceptive pain. New treatment strategies for pain management are needed. Propolis has been used in traditional medicine to relieve various types of pain. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential effects of the green Brazilian propolis alcohol extract in vivo on the nociceptive and inflammatory pain models in rats. Rats were distributed into three random groups (n = 6); Group I: control group received normal saline intraperitoneally (i.p.); Group II: treated with green Brazilian propolis alcohol extract (P50 mg/kg i.p.); Group III: treated with P100 mg/kg i.p. After sixty minutes, 50 μL of 5% formalin was injected subcutaneously into the dorsal surface of the right hind paw. The nociceptive response was identified by counting the number of flinches of the injected paw. The number of flinches was counted for the period of 0-5 min (early phase; neurogenic) and 10-60 min (late phase; inflammatory). Thermal hyperalgesia was assessed using three-paw withdrawal latency measurement with ten minutes intervals using a planter analgesic meter. Abdominal writhe (contraction) was induced by i.p. injection of acetic acid (1 mL of 2%). The results showed that green Brazilian propolis alcohol extract caused a significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced pain and significantly increased the pain threshold against infrared and formalin tests. The promising antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of propolis and/or its active constituents as natural compounds in the present study indicates that it merits further studies in pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed T. Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2114, Dammam 31541, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S. Abualait
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
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