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Kim HY, Lim Y, Jang JS, Ko YK, Choi Y, Kim H, Choi B. Extracellular vesicles from periodontal pathogens regulate hepatic steatosis via Toll-like receptor 2 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12407. [PMID: 38251423 PMCID: PMC10801670 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by lipid accumulation in the liver. In this study, we showed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the periodontal pathogens Filifactor alocis and Porphyromonas gingivalis induced steatosis by inducing PAI-1 in the liver and serum of mice fed a low-fat diet. PAI-1 induction was not observed in TLR2-/- mice. When tested using HEK-Blue hTLR2 cells, human TLR2 reporter cells, the TLR2-activating ability of serum from NAFLD patients (n = 100) was significantly higher than that of serum from healthy subjects (n = 100). Correlation analysis confirmed that PAI-1 levels were positively correlated with the TLR2-activating ability of serum from NAFLD patients and healthy subjects. Amphiphilic molecules in EVs were involved in PAI-1 induction. Our data demonstrate that the TLR2/PAI-1 axis is important for hepatic steatosis by EVs of periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Dental Research InstituteSchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Younggap Lim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Jang
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yeon Kyeong Ko
- Department of Immunology and Molecular MicrobiologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular MicrobiologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Dental Research InstituteSchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hong‐Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Dental Research InstituteSchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Bong‐Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Lamont RJ, Miller DP, Bagaitkar J. Illuminating the oral microbiome: cellular microbiology. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad045. [PMID: 37533213 PMCID: PMC10657920 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells line mucosal surfaces such as in the gingival crevice and provide a barrier to the ingress of colonizing microorganisms. However, epithelial cells are more than a passive barrier to microbial intrusion, and rather constitute an interactive interface with colonizing organisms which senses the composition of the microbiome and communicates this information to the underlying cells of the innate immune system. Microorganisms, for their part, have devised means to manipulate host cell signal transduction pathways to favor their colonization and survival. Study of this field, which has become known as cellular microbiology, has revealed much about epithelial cell physiology, bacterial colonization and pathogenic strategies, and innate host responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, KY40202, United States
| | - Daniel P Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, VA23298, United States
| | - Juhi Bagaitkar
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, OH43205, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, OH43210, United States
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Park B, Koh H, Patatanian M, Reyes-Caballero H, Zhao N, Meinert J, Holbrook JT, Leinbach LI, Biswal S. The mediating roles of the oral microbiome in saliva and subgingival sites between e-cigarette smoking and gingival inflammation. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:35. [PMID: 36732713 PMCID: PMC9893987 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic cigarettes (ECs) have been widely used by young individuals in the U.S. while being considered less harmful than conventional tobacco cigarettes. However, ECs have increasingly been regarded as a health risk, producing detrimental chemicals that may cause, combined with poor oral hygiene, substantial inflammation in gingival and subgingival sites. In this paper, we first report that EC smoking significantly increases the odds of gingival inflammation. Then, through mediation analysis, we seek to identify and explain the mechanism that underlies the relationship between EC smoking and gingival inflammation via the oral microbiome. METHODS We collected saliva and subgingival samples from 75 EC users and 75 non-users between 18 and 34 years in age and profiled their microbial compositions via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We conducted raw sequence data processing, denoising and taxonomic annotations using QIIME2 based on the expanded human oral microbiome database (eHOMD). We then created functional annotations (i.e., KEGG pathways) using PICRUSt2. RESULTS We found significant increases in α-diversity for EC users and disparities in β-diversity between EC users and non-users. We also found significant disparities between EC users and non-users in the relative abundance of 36 microbial taxa in the saliva site and 71 microbial taxa in the subgingival site. Finally, we found that 1 microbial taxon in the saliva site and 18 microbial taxa in the subgingival site significantly mediated the effects of EC smoking on gingival inflammation. The mediators on the genus level, for example, include Actinomyces, Rothia, Neisseria, and Enterococcus in the subgingival site. In addition, we report significant disparities between EC users and non-users in the relative abundance of 71 KEGG pathways in the subgingival site. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that continued EC use can further increase microbial dysbiosis that may lead to periodontal disease. Our findings also suggest that continued surveillance for the effect of ECs on the oral microbiome and its transmission to oral diseases is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongsoo Park
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Aging, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Hyunwook Koh
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, The State University of New York, Korea, Incheon, 21985, South Korea
| | - Michael Patatanian
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hermes Reyes-Caballero
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jill Meinert
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Janet T Holbrook
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Leah I Leinbach
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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4
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Farrugia C, Stafford GP, Gains AF, Cutts AR, Murdoch C. Fusobacterium nucleatum mediates endothelial damage and increased permeability following single species and polymicrobial infection. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1421-1433. [PMID: 35644006 PMCID: PMC9796848 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous lines of evidence link periodontal pathobionts and their virulence factors with endothelial damage. Most research has been conducted using single species infections at the exclusion of other periodontal microorganisms that have been identified in vascular tissue. Here, we assessed endothelial infection with either single or mixed periodontal species infection and examined their effect on endothelial damage and permeability. METHODS Cell surface abundance of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) or endothelial permeability following infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies (ssp) nucleatum, ssp polymorphum or Tannerella forsythia as single or mixed species infection was determined by flow cytometry and a fluorescent dextran permeability assay. Zebrafish embryos were infected systemically with either single or mixed species with mortality and disease measured over time. RESULTS F. nucleatum ssp nucleatum, ssp polymorphum and P. gingivalis significantly reduced PECAM-1 abundance in single species infection, whereas T. forsythia had no effect. F. nucleatum ssp polymorphum caused considerable mortality and morbidity in a zebrafish systemic infection model. Polymicrobial infection underscored the virulence of F. nucleatum ssp polymorphum in particular with increased endothelial cell death and reduced PECAM-1 abundance in co-infection studies with this organism. When injected systemically into zebrafish in polymicrobial infection, fluorescently labeled bacteria were distributed throughout the vasculature and cardiac region where, in some instances, they co-localized with each other. CONCLUSIONS These data provide further evidence on the effects of F. nucleatum on endothelium adhesion molecule abundance and permeability while also highlighting the importance of performing polymicrobial infection to study the molecular mechanisms associated with periodontal pathogen-induced vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cher Farrugia
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK,Bristol Dental SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Ashley F. Gains
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | | | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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5
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Moore C, Cheng Y, Tjokro N, Zhang B, Kerr M, Hayati M, Chang KCJ, Shah N, Chen C, Jokerst JV. A Photoacoustic-Fluorescent Imaging Probe for Proteolytic Gingipains Expressed by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201843. [PMID: 35583940 PMCID: PMC9296565 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen in periodontal disease. We herein report a dual-modal fluorescent and photoacoustic imaging probe for the detection of gingipain proteases secreted by P. gingivalis. Upon proteolytic cleavage by Arg-specific gingipain (RgpB), five-fold photoacoustic enhancement and >100-fold fluorescence activation was measured with detection limits of 1.1 nM RgpB and 5.0E4 CFU mL-1 bacteria in vitro. RgpB activity was imaged in porcine jaws with low-nanomolar sensitivity. Diagnostic efficacy was evaluated in gingival crevicular fluid samples from subjects with and without periodontal disease, wherein activation was correlated to qPCR-based detection of P. gingivalis (Pearson's r=0.71). Finally, photoacoustic imaging of RgpB-cleaved probe was achieved in murine brains ex vivo, with relevance and potential utility for disease models of general infection by P. gingivalis, motivated by the recent biological link between gingipain and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colman Moore
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093. USA
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093. USA
| | - Natalia Tjokro
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 925 West 34 Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089. USA
| | - Brendan Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093. USA
| | - Matthew Kerr
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093. USA
| | - Mohammed Hayati
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 925 West 34 Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089. USA
| | - Kai Chiao Joe Chang
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 925 West 34 Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089. USA
| | - Nisarg Shah
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093. USA
| | - Casey Chen
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 925 West 34 Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089. USA
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093. USA
- Materials Science Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093. USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093. USA
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Moore C, Cheng Y, Tjokro N, Zhang B, Kerr M, Hayati M, Chang KCJ, Shah N, Chen C, Jokerst JV. A Photoacoustic‐Fluorescent Imaging Probe for Proteolytic Gingipains Expressed by
Porphyromonas gingivalis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colman Moore
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Natalia Tjokro
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry University of Southern California 925 West 34th Street Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Brendan Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Current address: Diazyme Laboratories Inc
| | - Matthew Kerr
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Mohammed Hayati
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry University of Southern California 925 West 34th Street Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Kai Chiao Joe Chang
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry University of Southern California 925 West 34th Street Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Nisarg Shah
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Casey Chen
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry University of Southern California 925 West 34th Street Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Materials Science Program University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Department of Radiology University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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Yang R, Liu T, Pang C, Cai Y, Lin Z, Guo L, Wei X. The Regulatory Effect of Coaggregation Between Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus gordonii on the Synergistic Virulence to Human Gingival Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:879423. [PMID: 35573793 PMCID: PMC9100429 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.879423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In subgingival plaque biofilms, Fusobacterium nucleatum is closely related to the occurrence and development of periodontitis. Streptococcus gordonii, as an accessory pathogen, can coaggregate with periodontal pathogens, facilitating the subgingival colonization of periodontal pathogens. Studies have shown that F. nucleatum can coaggregate with S. gordonii and colonize the subgingival plaque. However, most studies have focused on monocultures or coinfection of species and the potential impact of coaggregation between the two species on periodontal interactions to human gingival epithelial cells (hGECs) remains poorly understood. The present study explored the effect of coaggregation between F. nucleatum and S. gordonii on subgingival synergistic virulence to hGECs. The results showed that coaggregation inhibited the adhesion and invasion of F. nucleatum to hGECs compared with that in the F. nucleatum monoculture and coinfection group. Coaggregation and coinfection with F. nucleatum both enhanced S. gordonii adhesion to hGECs, but neither of the two groups affected S. gordonii invasion to hGECs compared with S. gordonii monoculture. The gene expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 in hGECs in the coaggregation group were higher than those in the monoculture groups but lower than those in the coinfection group. Compared with coinfection, the coaggregation inhibited apoptosis of hGECs and promoted the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 by hGECs, showed a synergistic inflammatory effect, while coaggregation inhibited the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β1. Coaggregation enhanced the phosphorylation of p65, p38, and JNK proteins and therefore activated the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Pretreatment with a pathway antagonist/inhibitor decreased the phosphorylation levels of proteins and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. In conclusion, coaggregation inhibited the adhesion and invasion of F. nucleatum to hGECs. However, it enhanced the adhesion of S. gordonii to hGECs. Compared with coinfection, coaggregation inhibited the apoptosis of hGECs. The coaggregation coordinately promoted the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 by hGECs through the TLR/NF-κB and TLR/MAPK signaling pathways while inhibiting the secretion of TGF-β1, thus aggravating the inflammatory response of hGECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingjun Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Pang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Cai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengmei Lin, ; Lihong Guo, ; Xi Wei,
| | - Lihong Guo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengmei Lin, ; Lihong Guo, ; Xi Wei,
| | - Xi Wei
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengmei Lin, ; Lihong Guo, ; Xi Wei,
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Muchova M, Balacco DL, Grant MM, Chapple ILC, Kuehne SA, Hirschfeld J. Fusobacterium nucleatum Subspecies Differ in Biofilm Forming Ability in vitro. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:853618. [PMID: 35368312 PMCID: PMC8967363 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.853618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of dysbiosis in complex multispecies bacterial biofilms forming on teeth, known as dental plaque, is one of the factors causing periodontitis. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is recognised as a key microorganism in subgingival dental plaque, and is linked to periodontitis as well as colorectal cancer and systemic diseases. Five subspecies of F. nucleatum have been identified: animalis, fusiforme, nucleatum, polymorphum, and vincentii. Differential integration of subspecies into multispecies biofilm models has been reported, however, biofilm forming ability of individual F. nucleatum subspecies is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the single-subspecies biofilm forming abilities of F. nucleatum ATCC type strains. Static single subspecies F. nucleatum biofilms were grown anaerobically for 3 days on untreated or surface-modified (sandblasting, artificial saliva, fibronectin, gelatin, or poly-L-lysine coating) plastic and glass coverslips. Biofilm mass was quantified using crystal violet (CV) staining. Biofilm architecture and thickness were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify orthologues of known adhesion proteins in F. nucleatum subspecies. Surface type and treatment significantly influenced single-subspecies biofilm formation. Biofilm formation was overall highest on poly-L-lysine coated surfaces and sandblasted glass surfaces. Biofilm thickness and stability, as well as architecture, varied amongst the subspecies. Interestingly, F. nucleatum ssp. polymorphum did not form a detectable, continuous layer of biofilm on any of the tested substrates. Consistent with limited biofilm forming ability in vitro, F. nucleatum ssp. polymorphum showed the least conservation of the adhesion proteins CmpA and Fap2 in silico. Here, we show that biofilm formation by F. nucleatum in vitro is subspecies- and substrate-specific. Additionally, F. nucleatum ssp. polymorphum does not appear to form stable single-subspecies continuous layers of biofilm in vitro. Understanding the differences in F. nucleatum single-subspecies biofilm formation may shed light on multi-species biofilm formation mechanisms and may reveal new virulence factors as novel therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of F. nucleatum-mediated infections and diseases.
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Lertsuphotvanit N, Santimaleeworagun W, Narakornwit W, Chuenbarn T, Mahadlek J, Chantadee T, Phaechamud T. Borneol-based antisolvent-induced in situ forming matrix for crevicular pocket delivery of vancomycin hydrochloride. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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10
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Ali Mohammed MM, Pettersen VK, Nerland AH, Wiker HG, Bakken V. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of the oral bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis to identify protein features relevant in biofilm formation. Anaerobe 2021; 72:102449. [PMID: 34543761 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The opportunistic pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis are Gram-negative bacteria associated with oral biofilm and periodontal disease. This study investigated interactions between F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis proteomes with the objective to identify proteins relevant in biofilm formation. METHODS We applied liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine the expressed proteome of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis cells grown in biofilm or planktonic culture, and as mono- and dual-species models. The detected proteins were classified into functional categories and their label-free quantitative (LFQ) intensities statistically compared. RESULTS The proteomic analyses detected 1,322 F. nucleatum and 966 P. gingivalis proteins, including abundant virulence factors. Using univariate statistics, we identified significant changes between biofilm and planktonic culture (p-value ≤0.05) in 0,4% F. nucleatum, 7% P. gingivalis, and 14% of all proteins in the dual-species model. For both species, proteins involved in vitamin B2 (riboflavin) metabolism had significantly increased levels in biofilm. In both mono- and dual-species biofilms, P. gingivalis increased the production of proteins for translation, oxidation-reduction, and amino acid metabolism compared to planktonic cultures. However, when we compared LFQ intensities between mono- and dual-species, over 90% of the significantly changed P. gingivalis proteins had their levels reduced in biofilm and planktonic settings of the dual-species model. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that P. gingivalis reduces the production of multiple proteins because of the F. nucleatum presence. The results highlight the complex interactions of bacteria contributing to oral biofilms, which need to be considered in the design of prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Audun H Nerland
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Harald G Wiker
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Vidar Bakken
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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11
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Zhang Z, Liu S, Zhang S, Li Y, Shi X, Liu D, Pan Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles inhibit the invasion of Fusobacterium nucleatum into oral epithelial cells by downregulating FadA and FomA. J Periodontol 2021; 93:515-525. [PMID: 34458990 PMCID: PMC9415117 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) participate in the formation and progression of periodontitis. They can exert virulence by invading into host cells, but the interaction between them and their specific mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of P. gingivalis outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) on the ability of F. nucleatum to invade oral epithelial cells, and the reasons for the influence. Methods The invasion abilities of the two bacteria were detected separately after mixed infection of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. Next, P. gingivalis OMVs were extracted with the kit, and their influence on the invasion ability of F. nucleatum was tested. The effects of P. gingivalis OMVs on F. nucleatum were evaluated by assessment of bacterial morphology, growth curves, auto‐aggregation morphology, and the expression of adhesion‐related proteins FadA and FomA. Results Our results showed that P. gingivalis inhibited the invasion of F. nucleatum into oral epithelial cells but F. nucleatum promoted the invasion of P. gingivalis. In subsequent experiments, we extracted P. gingivalis OMVs successfully and revealed that proteases in P. gingivalis OMVs inhibited the invasion of F. nucleatum into oral epithelial cells. Furthermore, P. gingivalis OMVs did not affect the morphology and proliferation of F. nucleatum, but proteases inside decreased the auto‐aggregation of F. nucleatum. Additionally, proteases in P. gingivalis OMVs reduced the expression levels of F. nucleatum surface adhesion‐related proteins FadA and FomA. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that proteases in P. gingivalis OMVs inhibited the invasion of F. nucleatum into oral epithelial cells by downregulating FadA and FomA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sai Liu
- Department of Dental Materials, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuchao Li
- Department of Periodontics, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoting Shi
- Department of Periodontics, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongjuan Liu
- Department of Emergency and Oral Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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The diverse roles of myeloid derived suppressor cells in mucosal immunity. Cell Immunol 2021; 365:104361. [PMID: 33984533 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal immune system plays a vital role in protecting the host from the external environment. Its major challenge is to balance immune responses against harmful and harmless agents and serve as a 'homeostatic gate keeper'. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of undifferentiated cells that are characterized by an immunoregulatory and immunosuppressive phenotype. Herein we postulate that MDSCs may be involved in shaping immune responses related to mucosal immunity, due to their immunomodulatory and tissue remodeling functions. Until recently, MDSCs were investigated mainly in cancerous diseases, where they induce and contribute to an immunosuppressive and inflammatory environment that favors tumor development. However, it is now becoming clear that MDSCs participate in non-cancerous conditions such as chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, pregnancy, aging processes and immune tolerance to commensal microbiota at mucosal sites. Since MDSCs are found in the periphery only in small numbers under normal conditions, their role is highlighted during pathologies characterized by acute or chronic inflammation, when they accumulate and become activated. In this review, we describe several aspects of the current knowledge characterizing MDSCs and their involvement in the regulation of the mucosal epithelial barrier, their crosstalk with commensal microbiota and pathogenic microorganisms, and their complex interactions with a variety of surrounding regulatory and effector immune cells. Finally, we discuss the beneficial and harmful outcomes of the MDSC regulatory functions in diseases affecting mucosal tissues. We wish to illuminate the pivotal role of MDSCs in mucosal immunity, the limitations in our understanding of all the players and the intricate challenges stemming from the complex interactions of MDSCs with their environment.
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Anti-Early Stage of Bacterial Recolonization Effect of Curcuma longa Extract as Photodynamic Adjunctive Treatment. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:8823708. [PMID: 33381183 PMCID: PMC7765719 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8823708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the amount of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) on subgingival recolonized plaque after mechanical debridement and photodynamic treatment by using blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in combination with topical Curcuma longa gel extract. Methods A total of 12 subjects with stage III grade B periodontitis were recruited for the study. Maxillary posterior teeth with periodontal pocket >4 mm were selected. These teeth were examined for periodontal clinical data at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after treatment. All remaining teeth were treated by scaling and root planing (SRP). Then, the teeth were bilaterally divided using randomized split-mouth design with and without photodynamic adjunctive therapy (PDT). Samples of the subgingival microbiota were obtained in each visit. All samples were analyzed by multicolor TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of target bacteria. Results Throughout the six-week follow-up, long-term improvement of probing depth and bleeding on probing was revealed on the PDT group. The number of subgingival F. nucleatum and P. intermedia also significantly reduced, compared to the baseline. There was a statistically significant recolonization in F. nucleatum and P. intermedia number after 2 and 4 weeks of conventional SRP, respectively. Our quantitative PCR method showed no significant recolonization of those subgingival bacteria on PDT sites throughout the 6-week study duration. Conclusion The results showed that adjunctive photodynamic treatment by using blue LEDs in combination with topical Curcuma longa gel extract was effective to alter the recolonization patterns of F. nucleatum and P. intermedia after conventional debridement.
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14
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Levine JB, Goncalves J, Nguyen D, Nguyen O, Hasturk H. Efficacy of a novel post-foaming dental gel on gingival inflammation: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1569-1583. [PMID: 32372407 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pilot randomized controlled clinical trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of a post-foaming dental gel containing cetylpridinium chloride (CPC), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), sodium bicarbonate, and antioxidants on periodontal/oral health. METHODS Individuals with gingivitis or mild-moderate periodontitis (n=36) were included and randomly assigned to Group 1 and 2 with foaming gel loaded on a mouthpiece with a light source and controlled warming heat built-in unit or on a toothbrush, respectively, in addition to regular twice-daily brushing. Group 3 served as control with twice daily brushing and further assigned split-mouth to Group 3a-un-flossed and Group 3b-flossed. Gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were evaluated in addition to plaque index (PI), pocket depth, and clinical attachment level at days 14, 28, 42 (treatment), and 60 (maintenance). Subgingival plaque microbial profiles and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokine levels were determined by DNA-DNA hybridization and multiplexing assays, respectively. Exploratory analyses included esthetic outcomes: changes in tooth color and levels of volatile sulfur compounds in breath. Statistical analyses were conducted using ANOVA with a post hoc analysis of Fisher's LSD. RESULTS Use of post-foaming gel in both test groups resulted in significant changes in GI and BOP at Day 42 compared to control and un-flossed control (P<0.05). Device-enhanced foaming gel significantly reduced the PI in Group 1 at Day 42 compared to control and un-flossed control (P=0.02; P=0.007, respectively). GCF IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in Group 2 compared to control (PIL-6 =0.01, PTNF-α =0.02). Post-foaming gel resulted in greater reductions in periodontopathogens, whereas health-associated species remained stable. Despite cessation of adjunct treatments, Group 1 and 2 continued having reduced levels of GI, BOP, and PI at Day 60 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The novel post-foaming dental gel improves oral health by reducing gingival inflammation at the local site in addition to better esthetic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Nguyen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivia Nguyen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Liao Y, Li H, Shu R, Chen H, Zhao L, Song Z, Zhou W. Mesoporous Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Loaded With Recombinant-Human Amelogenin Could Enhance Antibacterial Effect and Promote Periodontal Regeneration. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:180. [PMID: 32411618 PMCID: PMC7201038 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery of impaired periodontium is still a challenge to the treatment of periodontitis. This study was the first to apply the mesoporous hydroxyapatites/chitosan (mHA/CS) composite scaffold to periodontal regeneration. The aim of our study is to evaluate the biological effects of mesoporous hydroxyapatite/chitosan (mHA/CS) loaded with recombinant human amelogenin (rhAm) on periodontal regeneration. The physicochemical properties of mHA/CS scaffolds were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Then, the biological effects of the mHA/CS loaded with rhAm were evaluated, including antibacterial effect, controlled-release capacity, osteogenic and cementogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. The antibacterial effect was tested on 1.5 mg/mL CS; 3 mg/mL mHA; 2.25 mg/mL mHA/CS; 4.5 mg/mL mHA/CS and 20 μg/mL rhAm. Tryptic Soy Broth culture medium was used as a baseline control. Osteogenic effect of rhAm (20 μg/mL rhAm), mHA/CS (4.5 mg/mL mHA/CS), and mHA/CS-rhAm (4.5 mg/mL mHA/CS and 20 μg/mL rhAm) on human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) was evaluated in osteogenic media. The hPDLCs treated either with osteogenic media or Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) alone were used as the baseline control. In the animal model, 4-week-old nude mice (BALB/c) (n = 6) implanted with root slices subcutaneously were used to observe the cementogenic effect in vivo. The root slices were treated with rhAm (20 μg/mL rhAm), mHA/CS (4.5 mg/mL mHA/CS), and mHA/CS-rhAm (4.5 mg/mL mHA/CS and 20 μg/mL rhAm). The root slices treated with osteogenic medium alone were used as the baseline control. The analyses showed that the mHA/CS particles were 2 μm in diameter and had a uniform pore size. The mesoporous structure was 7 nm in diameter and its surface area was 33.95 m2/g. The scaffold exhibited antibacterial effects against Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The mHA/CS scaffold sustainably released rhAm. The mHA/CS loaded with 20 μg/mL rhAm upregulated ALP activity, the expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins in vitro. Additionally, it promoted the formation of cementum-like tissue in vivo. Our findings suggest that mHA/CS loaded with 20 μg/mL rhAm could inhibit the growth of periodontal pathogens and promote the formation of bone and cementum-like tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liao
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huxiao Li
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shu
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Metallic Matrix Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongchen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Disease, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Seyama M, Yoshida K, Yoshida K, Fujiwara N, Ono K, Eguchi T, Kawai H, Guo J, Weng Y, Haoze Y, Uchibe K, Ikegame M, Sasaki A, Nagatsuka H, Okamoto K, Okamura H, Ozaki K. Outer membrane vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis attenuate insulin sensitivity by delivering gingipains to the liver. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165731. [PMID: 32088316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanosized particles derived from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is known to be a major pathogen of periodontitis that contributes to the progression of periodontal disease by releasing OMVs. The effect of Pg OMVs on systemic diseases is still unknown. To verify whether Pg OMVs affect the progress of diabetes mellitus, we analyzed the cargo proteins of vesicles and evaluated their effect on hepatic glucose metabolism. Here, we show that Pg OMVs were equipped with Pg-derived proteases gingipains and translocated to the liver in mice. In these mice, the hepatic glycogen synthesis in response to insulin was decreased, and thus high blood glucose levels were maintained. Pg OMVs also attenuated the insulin-induced Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK-3β) signaling in a gingipain-dependent fashion in hepatic HepG2 cells. These results suggest that the delivery of gingipains mediated by Pg OMV elicits changes in glucose metabolisms in the liver and contributes to the progression of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Seyama
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kaya Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Kayo Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Natsumi Fujiwara
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kisho Ono
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Biopathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takanori Eguchi
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hotaka Kawai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jiajie Guo
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yao Weng
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuan Haoze
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenta Uchibe
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mika Ikegame
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Biopathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Okamoto
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Okamura
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazumi Ozaki
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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17
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Zhang Y, Shi W, Song Y, Wang J. Metatranscriptomic analysis of an in vitro biofilm model reveals strain-specific interactions among multiple bacterial species. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1599670. [PMID: 31007867 PMCID: PMC6461087 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1599670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions among bacteria can affect biofilm properties. Method: Here, we investigated the role of different bacteria in functional dysbiosis of an in vitro polymicrobial subgingival plaque model using both 16S rRNA and metatranscriptomic sequencing. Results: We found that high-virulence Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 had greater effects on the symbiotic species than the low-virulence P. gingivalis ATCC33277, and that Prevotella intermedia exacerbated the effects of W83. P. gingivalis significantly influenced the expression of genes related to metabolic pathways and quorum sensing of commensal oral species in a strain-specific manner. P. intermedia exerted synergistic effects with P. gingivalis W83 but antagonistic effects with strain ATCC33277, which may regulate the expression of virulence factors of P. gingivalis through the clp regulator. Discussion: The interaction networks indicated that the strongest correlation was between Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus mitis, which demonstrated their bridge and cornerstone roles in biofilm. Changes in the expression of genes relating to outer membrane proteins in F. nucleatum indicated that the addition of different bacteria can interfere with the co-adherence among F. nucleatum and other partners. Conclusion: We report here the existence of strain-specific interactions in subgingival plaque, which may enhance our understanding of periodontal micro-ecology and facilitate the development of improved plaque control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Shi
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yeqing Song
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Polak D, Zigron A, Eli-Berchoer L, Shapira L, Nussbaum G. Myd88 plays a major role in the keratinocyte response to infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:396-404. [PMID: 30793777 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the role of keratinocyte myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) expression in the adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to the cells and its subsequent invasion and intracellular survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary mouse keratinocytes from wild-type (WT) or Myd88-/- mice were infected with P gingivalis alone or co-infected with Fusobacterium nucleatum. Bacterial adhesion and invasion were measured using fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry, and intracellular survival in keratinocytes was quantified by an antibiotic protection assay. Keratinocyte expression of antimicrobial peptides was measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS In the absence of MyD88, P gingivalis adherence, invasion, and intracellular survival were enhanced compared with WT keratinocytes. The presence of F nucleatum during infection increased the adhesion of P gingivalis to WT keratinocytes but reduced the adhesion to Myd88-/- keratinocytes. Fusobacterium nucleatum improved mildly the invasion and survival of P gingivalis in both cell types. Baseline expression of beta-defensin 2, 3, 4 and RegIII-γ was elevated in Myd88-/- keratinocytes compared to WT cells; however, following infection beta-defensin expression was strongly induced in WT cells but decreased dramatically in the MyD88 deficient cells. CONCLUSION In the absence of MyD88 expression, P gingivalis adhesion to keratinocytes is improved, and invasion and intracellular survival are increased. Furthermore, keratinocyte infection by P gingivalis induces antimicrobial peptide expression in a MyD88-dependent manner. Thus, MyD88 plays a key role in the interaction between P gingivalis and keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Polak
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaf Zigron
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luba Eli-Berchoer
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Shapira
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gabriel Nussbaum
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
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19
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Ben Amara H, Song HY, Ryu E, Park JS, Schwarz F, Kim BM, Choi BK, Koo KT. Effects of quorum-sensing inhibition on experimental periodontitis induced by mixed infection in mice. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:449-457. [PMID: 30230039 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify, in in vivo settings, whether quorum-sensing inhibition molecules could attenuate alveolar bone loss induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis/Fusobacterium nucleatum co-infection and reduce the bacterial colonization of periodontal tissues. In BALB/c mice, periodontitis was induced through oral inoculation with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum six times during a 42-d period. Quorum sensing inhibitors (a furanone compound and D-ribose) were administered simultaneously with bacterial infection. Linear and volumetric modifications of interproximal alveolar bone levels were compared between groups using micro-computed tomography. Total bacteria, and P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum DNA in periodontal tissues, were quantified using real-time PCR. Radiographic linear measurements demonstrated a significant reduction of alveolar bone loss, of approximately 40%, in mice treated with quorum sensing inhibitors when compared with the co-infection group. This was confirmed by a significant increase of residual bone volume in the test group. While total bacterial genes in the treatment group significantly decreased by 93% in periodontal tissue samples when quorum sensing inhibitors were administered, no significant differences of P. gingivalis DNA were found. Quorum sensing inhibitors reduced periodontal breakdown and bacterial infection in periodontal tissues after co-infection with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heithem Ben Amara
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, Translational Research Laboratory for Tissue Engineering (TTE), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Y Song
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, Translational Research Laboratory for Tissue Engineering (TTE), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunju Ryu
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji S Park
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Frank Schwarz
- Department of Oral Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Byeong M Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Koo
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, Translational Research Laboratory for Tissue Engineering (TTE), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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