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Chen J, Sun Y, Li J, Lyu M, Yuan L, Sun J, Chen S, Hu C, Wei Q, Xu Z, Guo T, Cheng X. In-depth metaproteomics analysis of tongue coating for gastric cancer: a multicenter diagnostic research study. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:6. [PMID: 38191439 PMCID: PMC10773145 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study revealed marked differences in tongue images between individuals with gastric cancer and those without gastric cancer. However, the biological mechanism of tongue images as a disease indicator remains unclear. Tongue coating, a major factor in tongue appearance, is the visible layer on the tongue dorsum that provides a vital environment for oral microorganisms. While oral microorganisms are associated with gastric and intestinal diseases, the comprehensive function profiles of oral microbiota remain incompletely understood. Metaproteomics has unique strength in revealing functional profiles of microbiota that aid in comprehending the mechanism behind specific tongue coating formation and its role as an indicator of gastric cancer. METHODS We employed pressure cycling technology and data-independent acquisition (PCT-DIA) mass spectrometry to extract and identify tongue-coating proteins from 180 gastric cancer patients and 185 non-gastric cancer patients across 5 independent research centers in China. Additionally, we investigated the temporal stability of tongue-coating proteins based on a time-series cohort. Finally, we constructed a machine learning model using the stochastic gradient boosting algorithm to identify individuals at high risk of gastric cancer based on tongue-coating microbial proteins. RESULTS We measured 1432 human-derived proteins and 13,780 microbial proteins from 345 tongue-coating samples. The abundance of tongue-coating proteins exhibited high temporal stability within an individual. Notably, we observed the downregulation of human keratins KRT2 and KRT9 on the tongue surface, as well as the downregulation of ABC transporter COG1136 in microbiota, in gastric cancer patients. This suggests a decline in the defense capacity of the lingual mucosa. Finally, we established a machine learning model that employs 50 microbial proteins of tongue coating to identify individuals at a high risk of gastric cancer, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 in the independent validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS We characterized the alterations in tongue-coating proteins among gastric cancer patients and constructed a gastric cancer screening model based on microbial-derived tongue-coating proteins. Tongue-coating proteins are shown as a promising indicator for identifying high-risk groups for gastric cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Sun
- Westlake Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengge Lyu
- Westlake Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiancheng Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shangqi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Westlake Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.
- School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Verscheure E, Stierum R, Schlünssen V, Lund Würtz AM, Vanneste D, Kogevinas M, Harding BN, Broberg K, Zienolddiny-Narui S, Erdem JS, Das MK, Makris KC, Konstantinou C, Andrianou X, Dekkers S, Morris L, Pronk A, Godderis L, Ghosh M. Characterization of the internal working-life exposome using minimally and non-invasive sampling methods - a narrative review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117001. [PMID: 37683788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
During recent years, we are moving away from the 'one exposure, one disease'-approach in occupational settings and towards a more comprehensive approach, taking into account the totality of exposures during a life course by using an exposome approach. Taking an exposome approach however is accompanied by many challenges, one of which, for example, relates to the collection of biological samples. Methods used for sample collection in occupational exposome studies should ideally be minimally invasive, while at the same time sensitive, and enable meaningful repeated sampling in a large population and over a longer time period. This might be hampered in specific situations e.g., people working in remote areas, during pandemics or with flexible work hours. In these situations, using self-sampling techniques might offer a solution. Therefore, our aim was to identify existing self-sampling techniques and to evaluate the applicability of these techniques in an occupational exposome context by conducting a literature review. We here present an overview of current self-sampling methodologies used to characterize the internal exposome. In addition, the use of different biological matrices was evaluated and subdivided based on their level of invasiveness and applicability in an occupational exposome context. In conclusion, this review and the overview of self-sampling techniques presented herein can serve as a guide in the design of future (occupational) exposome studies while circumventing sample collection challenges associated with exposome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Verscheure
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob Stierum
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Research unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Lund Würtz
- Department of Public Health, Research unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorian Vanneste
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Environment and Health over the Lifecourse Program, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara N Harding
- Environment and Health over the Lifecourse Program, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Mrinal K Das
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Konstantinos C Makris
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Corina Konstantinou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Xanthi Andrianou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Susan Dekkers
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Anjoeka Pronk
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Idewe, External Service for Prevention and Protection at work, Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Marques C, Dinis LT, Santos MJ, Mota J, Vilela A. Beyond the Bottle: Exploring Health-Promoting Compounds in Wine and Wine-Related Products-Extraction, Detection, Quantification, Aroma Properties, and Terroir Effects. Foods 2023; 12:4277. [PMID: 38231704 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Health-promoting compounds in wine and wine-related products are important due to their potential benefits to human health. Through an extensive literature review, this study explores the presence of these compounds in wine and wine-related products, examining their relationship with terroir and their impact on the aromatic and flavor properties that are perceived orally: sunlight exposure, rainfall patterns, and soil composition impact grapevines' synthesis and accumulation of health-promoting compounds. Enzymes, pH, and the oral microbiome are crucial in sensory evaluation and perception of health promotion. Moreover, their analysis of health-promoting compounds in wine and wine-related products relies on considerations such as the specific target compound, selectivity, sensitivity, and the complexity of the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Marques
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lia-Tânia Dinis
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria João Santos
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Mota
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alice Vilela
- Chemistry Research Centre (CQ-VR), Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Kalló G, Bertalan PM, Márton I, Kiss C, Csősz É. Salivary Chemical Barrier Proteins in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Alterations in the Defense Mechanism of the Oral Cavity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13657. [PMID: 37686462 PMCID: PMC10487546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most frequent types of head and neck cancer. Despite the genetic and environmental risk factors, OSCC is also associated with microbial infections and/or dysbiosis. The secreted saliva serves as the chemical barrier of the oral cavity and, since OSCC can alter the protein composition of saliva, our aim was to analyze the effect of OSCC on the salivary chemical barrier proteins. Publicly available datasets regarding the analysis of salivary proteins from patients with OSCC and controls were collected and examined in order to identify differentially expressed chemical barrier proteins. Network analysis and gene ontology (GO) classification of the differentially expressed chemical barrier proteins were performed as well. One hundred and twenty-seven proteins showing different expression pattern between the OSCC and control groups were found. Protein-protein interaction networks of up- and down-regulated proteins were constructed and analyzed. The main hub proteins (IL-6, IL-1B, IL-8, TNF, APOA1, APOA2, APOB, APOC3, APOE, and HP) were identified and the enriched GO terms were examined. Our study highlighted the importance of the chemical barrier of saliva in the development of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Kalló
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petra Magdolna Bertalan
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Márton
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
| | - Csongor Kiss
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Araújo V, Fehn AM, Phiri A, Wills J, Rocha J, Gayà-Vidal M. Oral microbiome homogeneity across diverse human groups from southern Africa: first results from southwestern Angola and Zimbabwe. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:226. [PMID: 37596536 PMCID: PMC10436416 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the human oral microbiome is known to play an important role in systemic health, its average composition and diversity patterns are still poorly understood. To gain better insights into the general composition of the microbiome on a global scale, the characterization of microbiomes from a broad range of populations, including non-industrialized societies, is needed. Here, we used the portion of non-human reads obtained through an expanded exome capture sequencing approach to characterize the saliva microbiomes of 52 individuals from eight ethnolinguistically diverse southern African populations from Angola (Kuvale, Kwepe, Himba, Tjimba, Kwisi, Twa, !Xun) and Zimbabwe (Tshwa), including foragers, food-producers, and peripatetic groups (low-status communities who provide services to their dominant neighbors). RESULTS Our results indicate that neither host genetics nor livelihood seem to influence the oral microbiome profile, with Neisseria, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Rothia, and Porphyromonas being the five most frequent genera in southern African groups, in line with what has been shown for other human populations. However, we found that some Tshwa and Twa individuals display an enrichment of pathogenic genera from the Enterobacteriaceae family (i.e. Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Salmonella) of the Proteobacteria phylum, probably reflecting deficient sanitation and poor health conditions associated with social marginalization. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that socio-economic status, rather than ethnolinguistic affiliation or subsistence mode, is a key factor in shaping the salivary microbial profiles of human populations in southern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor Araújo
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
- Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, BIOPOLIS, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Anne-Maria Fehn
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
- Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, BIOPOLIS, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
| | - Admire Phiri
- Department of Linguistics and Language Practice, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Jorge Rocha
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
- Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, BIOPOLIS, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Gayà-Vidal
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal.
- Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, BIOPOLIS, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal.
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Duarte-Coimbra S, Forcina G, Pérez-Pardal L, Beja-Pereira A. Characterization of tongue dorsum microbiome in wine tasters. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112259. [PMID: 36596171 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Taste plays a paramount role in food and beverage choice, with recent studies pointing to a potential influence of the microorganisms from the tongue dorsum - particularly bacteria - on flavor perception. Thus, the association between tongue dorsum biofilm and taste is a fundamental prerequisite for a better understanding of the role played by these bacteria in wine tasting. To study this impact, we have analyzed the microbiomes from 58 samples of the tongue dorsum surface from professional wine tasters and 30 samples from non professional wine tasters. The microbiome of each sample was characterized through metagenome sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for taxonomic discrimination of bacteria. A total of 497 taxa were identified in the tongue dorsum, and significant differences in diversity were observed between the wine taster and the control group. The comparison of bacterial diversity between samples collected before and after wine tasting along with the presence of new bacterial taxa indicates a direct effect of wine on the microbiome of frequent wine tasters, particularly in those tasting sparkling wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Duarte-Coimbra
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Giovanni Forcina
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Global Change Ecology and Evolution Research Group (GloCEE), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Pérez-Pardal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Albano Beja-Pereira
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre (GreenUPorto), Universidade do Porto, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal.
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Rabe A, Gesell Salazar M, Michalik S, Kocher T, Below H, Völker U, Welk A. Impact of different oral treatments on the composition of the supragingival plaque microbiome. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2138251. [PMID: 36338832 PMCID: PMC9629129 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2138251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental plaque consists of a diverse microbial community embedded in a complex structure of exopolysaccharides. Dental biofilms form a natural barrier against pathogens but lead to oral diseases in a dysbiotic state. Objective Using a metaproteome approach combined with a standard plaque-regrowth study, this pilot study examined the impact of different concentrations of lactoperoxidase (LPO) on early plaque formation, and active biological processes. Design Sixteen orally healthy subjects received four local treatments as a randomized single-blind study based on a cross-over design. Two lozenges containing components of the LPO-system in different concentrations were compared to a placebo and Listerine®. The newly formed dental plaque was analyzed by mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). Results On average 1,916 metaproteins per sample were identified, which could be assigned to 116 genera and 1,316 protein functions. Listerine® reduced the number of metaproteins and their relative abundance, confirming the plaque inhibiting effect. The LPO-lozenges triggered mainly higher metaprotein abundances of early and secondary colonizers as well as bacteria associated with dental health but also periodontitis. Functional information indicated plaque biofilm growth. Conclusion In conclusion, the mechanisms on plaque biofilm formation of Listerine® and the LPO-system containing lozenges are different. In contrast to Listerine®, the lozenges led to a higher bacterial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rabe
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475Greifswald, Germany,CONTACT Alexander Rabe University Medicine Greifswald, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manuela Gesell Salazar
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Michalik
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Center for Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School of University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstraße 42-44, 17489
| | - Harald Below
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walter-Rathenau-Straße 49 A17475Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Welk
- Center for Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School of University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstraße 42-44, 17489
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8
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Jiang X, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wang Z, Hu S, Cao C, Xiao H. In-Depth Metaproteomics Analysis of Oral Microbiome for Lung Cancer. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9781578. [PMID: 36320634 PMCID: PMC9590273 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9781578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human oral microbiome correlates with numerous diseases, including lung cancer. Identifying the functional changes by metaproteomics helps understand the disease-related dysbiosis, yet characterizing low-abundant bacteria is challenging. Here, we developed a free-flow isoelectric focusing electrophoresis-mass spectrometry- (FFIEF-MS-) based metaproteomics strategy to reduce host interferences and enrich low-abundant bacteria for in-depth interpretation of the oral microbiome. With our method, the number of interfering peptides decreased by 52.87%, whereas the bacterial peptides and species increased by 94.97% and 44.90%, respectively, compared to the conventional metaproteomics approach. We identified 3647 bacterial proteins, which is the most comprehensive oral metaproteomics study to date. Lung cancer-associated bacteria were validated among an independent cohort. The imbalanced Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella histicola and their dysregulated functions in inhibiting immune response and maintaining cell redox homeostasis were revealed. The FFIEF-MS may serve as a valuable strategy to study the mechanisms between human diseases and microbiomes with broader applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zeyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shen Hu
- School of Dentistry and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, USA
| | - Chengxi Cao
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Lu C, Zhu H, Zhao D, Zhang J, Yang K, Lv Y, Peng M, Xu X, Huang J, Shao Z, Xiao M, Li X. Oral-Gut Microbiome Analysis in Patients With Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Having Different Tongue Image Feature. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:787143. [PMID: 35846747 PMCID: PMC9277304 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.787143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to identify the biological correlation between the tongue coating color and oral and gut micro-characteristics in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) patients. Method The characteristics of the tongue coating were examined using an automatic tongue diagnosis system. Tongue coating and stool samples were collected from 38 MAFLD patients, and 16S rDNA full-length assembly sequencing technology (16S-FAST) was used for bioinformatic analysis. Results Twenty-two and 16 subjects were included in two distinct clusters according to the white/yellow color of the tongue coating, which was assessed by the L*a*b* values of the image. Upon analyzing the microorganisms in the tongue coating, 66 and 62 pathognomonic bacterial genera were found in the White and Yellow Coating Groups, respectively. The abundance of Stomatobaculumis positively correlated with the a* values of the tongue coating in the White Coating Group, while Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, and Tannerella abundance was significantly correlated with the b* values in the Yellow Coating Group. Function prediction mainly showed the involvement of protein families related to BRITE hierarchies and metabolism. The MHR (MONO%/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) of the Yellow Coating Group was higher than that of the White Coating Group. Conclusion In MAFLD patients, lower a* values and higher b* values are indicators of a yellow tongue coating. There were also significant differences in the flora of different tongue coatings, with corresponding changes in the intestinal flora, indicating a correlation between carbohydrate metabolism disorders and inflammation in the oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Lu
- The Clinical Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- The Clinical Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- The Clinical Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Obesity, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Research and Development, Germountx Company, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Obesity, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao Peng
- Department of Obesity, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Obesity, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Obesity, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuoyu Shao
- The Clinical Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Department of Obesity, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver Disease, Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingzhong Xiao
- The Clinical Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Department of Obesity, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver Disease, Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- The Clinical Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Department of Obesity, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver Disease, Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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10
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Simopoulos CMA, Figeys D, Lavallée-Adam M. Novel Bioinformatics Strategies Driving Dynamic Metaproteomic Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2456:319-338. [PMID: 35612752 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2124-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Constant improvements in mass spectrometry technologies and laboratory workflows have enabled the proteomics investigation of biological samples of growing complexity. Microbiomes represent such complex samples for which metaproteomics analyses are becoming increasingly popular. Metaproteomics experimental procedures create large amounts of data from which biologically relevant signal must be efficiently extracted to draw meaningful conclusions. Such a data processing requires appropriate bioinformatics tools specifically developed for, or capable of handling metaproteomics data. In this chapter, we outline current and novel tools that can perform the most commonly used steps in the analysis of cutting-edge metaproteomics data, such as peptide and protein identification and quantification, as well as data normalization, imputation, mining, and visualization. We also provide details about the experimental setups in which these tools should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M A Simopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lavallée-Adam
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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11
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Liu X, Tong X, Zhu J, Tian L, Jie Z, Zou Y, Lin X, Liang H, Li W, Ju Y, Qin Y, Zou L, Lu H, Zhu S, Jin X, Xu X, Yang H, Wang J, Zong Y, Liu W, Hou Y, Jia H, Zhang T. Metagenome-genome-wide association studies reveal human genetic impact on the oral microbiome. Cell Discov 2021; 7:117. [PMID: 34873157 PMCID: PMC8648780 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiota contains billions of microbial cells, which could contribute to diseases in many body sites. Challenged by eating, drinking, and dental hygiene on a daily basis, the oral microbiota is regarded as highly dynamic. Here, we report significant human genomic associations with the oral metagenome from more than 1915 individuals, for both the tongue dorsum (n = 2017) and saliva (n = 1915). We identified five genetic loci associated with oral microbiota at study-wide significance (p < 3.16 × 10-11). Four of the five associations were well replicated in an independent cohort of 1439 individuals: rs1196764 at APPL2 with Prevotella jejuni, Oribacterium uSGB 3339 and Solobacterium uSGB 315; rs3775944 at the serum uric acid transporter SLC2A9 with Oribacterium uSGB 1215, Oribacterium uSGB 489 and Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense; rs4911713 near OR11H1 with species F0422 uSGB 392; and rs36186689 at LOC105371703 with Eggerthia. Further analyses confirmed 84% (386/455 for tongue dorsum) and 85% (391/466 for saliva) of host genome-microbiome associations including six genome-wide significant associations mutually validated between the two niches. As many of the oral microbiome-associated genetic variants lie near miRNA genes, we tentatively validated the potential of host miRNAs to modulate the growth of specific oral bacteria. Human genetics accounted for at least 10% of oral microbiome compositions between individuals. Machine learning models showed that polygenetic risk scores dominated over oral microbiome in predicting risk of dental diseases such as dental calculus and gingival bleeding. These findings indicate that human genetic differences are one explanation for a stable or recurrent oral microbiome in each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Tong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu Tian
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuye Jie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuanqiang Zou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqian Lin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Wenxi Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanmei Ju
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youwen Qin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Leying Zou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haorong Lu
- China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shida Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Jin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Zong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weibin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Hou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huijue Jia
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Human Commensal Microorganisms and Health Research, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Ruan W, Sun C, Gao Q, Shrivastava N. Metaproteomics associated with severe early childhood caries highlights the differences in salivary proteins. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 131:105220. [PMID: 34461447 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the salivary metaproteomic characteristics of the children with and without severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). DESIGN In this study, we collected unstimulated saliva samples from 34 children (age 3-4 years) with caries free (NC, dmfs (= index of decayed, missing due to caries, or filled tooth surfaces) = 0, n = 23) and with S-ECC (dmfs≥10, n = 11). Salivary proteins were extracted and reduced, and then a Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry system was used to identify proteins. RESULTS Nearly 3000 proteins were identified in this study, and about 3.5 % of the proteins originated from human while 86 % were derived from microbes. The salivary protein types in the NC group were statistically greater than those in the S-ECC group (P <0.05). Specifically, the salivary protein types derived from microbes in the NC group were significantly greater than those in the S-ECC group. Three proteins, human lactoferrin, penicillin-binding protein 1C [Burkholderia ubonensis], human alpha-defensin 1 (F28a mutant), were decreased statistically in the NC group compared to the S-ECC group (P < 0.05). Only one protein, 50S ribosomal protein L17 secreted by Haemophilus haemolyticus, was significantly increased in the NC group compared to the S-ECC group. Salivary IgA was the top highest protein in the NC group whereas human lysozyme was the top highest protein in the S-ECC group. CONCLUSIONS The differential proteins recognized in this study may be conducive for finding a caries biomarker. Understanding the metaproteomic characteristics can help us to control the caries from human origin and microbial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Ruan
- Department of Stomatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinic Research Center for Child Health, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310052, PR China.
| | - Chao Sun
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Qikang Gao
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Neeraj Shrivastava
- Formerly visiting scientist at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Amity Institute of Microbial Technology (AIMT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Sector 125, Super Express Way, Noida, 201 303, UP, India
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13
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Chen H, Li Q, Li M, Liu S, Yao C, Wang Z, Zhao Z, Liu P, Yang F, Li X, Wang J, Zeng Y, Tong X. Microbial characteristics across different tongue coating types in a healthy population. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1946316. [PMID: 34367522 PMCID: PMC8317956 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1946316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The physical appearance of tongue coatings is vital for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to diagnose health and disease status. The microbiota of different tongue coatings could also influence coating formation and be further associated with specific diseases. Previous studies have focused on bacteria from different tongue coatings in the context of specific diseases, but the normal variations in healthy individuals remain unknown.Aim: We examined the tongue microbiota by metagenomics in 94 healthy individuals classified into eight different tongue types.Results: The overall composition of the tongue coating microbiome is not drastically different among different coating types, similar to the findings of previous studies in healthy populations. Further analysis revealed microbiota characteristics of each coating type, and many of the key bacteria are reported to be implicated in diseases. Moreover, further inclusion of diabetic patients revealed disease-specific enrichment of Capnocytophaga, even though the same tongue coatings were studied.Conclusions: This work revealed the characteristic compositions of distinctive tongue coatings in a healthy population, which serves as a basis for understanding the tongue coating formation mechanism and provides a valuable reference to further investigate disease-specific tongue coating bacterial markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- Departments of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Departments of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Departments of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chensi Yao
- Departments of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoya Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Departments of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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McDaniel S, McDaniel J, Howard KM, Kingsley K. Molecular Screening and Analysis Reveal Novel Oral Site-Specific Locations for the Cariogenic Pathogen Scardovia wiggsiae. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9060073. [PMID: 34204219 PMCID: PMC8234915 DOI: 10.3390/dj9060073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Scardovia wiggsiae (SW) is a newly identified cariogenic pathogen associated with severe early childhood caries and oral disease. New studies have confirmed the presence of this organism among clinical samples from both pediatric and adult patients. However, the recent discovery of this organism has left researchers with only limited information available regarding the prevalence of this organism—and virtually no information regarding oral site-specific locations. Based upon this lack of information, the overall objective of this study was to perform an oral site-specific analysis of SW prevalence from clinical samples. Methods: Using an approved human subjects protocol, samples (n = 60) from an existing saliva and site-specific biorepository were identified and screened for SW presence using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). These data were summarized and subsequently analyzed for correlations with demographic (age, sex, race or ethnicity) or clinical (body mass index or BMI, primary/mixed/permanent dentition, orthodontic brackets) variables. Results: These data revealed that average DNA concentrations from all sample sites (saliva, dorsum of tongue, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), biofilm of upper buccal molar, and biofilm of lower lingual incisor) ranged between 13.74 and 14.69 μg/μL, with an overall average of 14.30 μg/μL ± 1.12 (standard error or SE). qPCR screening revealed a total of n = 34/60 or 56.7% of patient samples harboring SW. A total of n = 71/170 specific oral sites harbored this organism, with the majority of the SW-positive participant samples harboring SW at more than one oral site, n = 22/34 or 64.7%, including non-traditional sites such as GCF and the dorsum of the tongue. Weak correlations were found between specific SW outcomes in GCF and type of dentition (permanent; R = 0.2444), as well as SW outcomes in saliva with age (R = 0.228) and presence of orthodontic brackets (R = 0.2118). Conclusions: This study may be among the first to provide oral site-specific analysis to reveal the prevalence and location of Scardovia among clinical patient samples. Moreover, these data also provide some of the first evidence to suggest this organism may be present not only in traditional supragingival tooth-associated biofilm sites, but also in non-traditional oral sites including the dorsum of the tongue and the gingival crevice. Based upon these results, these data may represent a significant advance in our understanding of the potential sites and locations that harbor this organism and may help contribute to our understanding of the prevalence, distribution and potential for the development of oral disease among clinic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven McDaniel
- Department of Advanced Education in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1700 W. Charleston, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (S.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Jaydene McDaniel
- Department of Advanced Education in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1700 W. Charleston, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (S.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Katherine M. Howard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA;
| | - Karl Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-702-774-2623
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15
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Microbial Screening Reveals Oral Site-Specific Locations of the Periodontal Pathogen Selenomonas noxia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:353-364. [PMID: 34204609 PMCID: PMC8929098 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Selenomonas noxia (SN) is an important periodontal pathogen, associated with gingivitis and periodontitis. Many studies have found associations between SN and indicators of poor health outcomes, such as smoking, low socioeconomic status and obesity. However, less is known about the prevalence of this organism and more specifically about other oral site-specific locations that may harbor this organism. METHODS Using an existing patient repository (n = 47) of DNA isolated from saliva and other oral sites (n = 235), including the dorsum of the tongue, lower lingual incisor, upper buccal molar and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), molecular screening for SN was performed. Screening results were analyzed for associations between demographic variables (age, sex, race/ethnicity) and clinical information (body mass index or BMI, presence of orthodontic brackets, primary/mixed/permanent dentition). RESULTS qPCR screening revealed a total of n = 62/235 sites or 26.3% harboring SN with saliva and GCF (either alone or in combination with one or more sites) most often observed (Saliva, n = 23/27 or 85.18%, GCF, n = 14/27 or 51%). Analysis of site-specific data revealed most positive results were found among saliva and GCF alone or in combination, with fewer positive results observed among the tongue (33.3%), lower lingual incisor (29.6%), and upper buccal molar (25.9%). No significant associations were found between demographic or clinical variables and presence of SN at any site. CONCLUSIONS These results may be among the first to describe site-specific locations of S. noxia among various additional oral biofilm sites. These data may represent a significant advancement in our understanding of the sites and locations that harbor this organism, which may be important for our understanding of the prevalence and distribution of these organisms among patients of different ages undergoing different types of oral treatments, such as orthodontic treatment or therapy.
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16
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Rabe A, Gesell Salazar M, Völker U. Bottom-Up Community Proteome Analysis of Saliva Samples and Tongue Swabs by Data-Dependent Acquisition Nano LC-MS/MS Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2327:221-238. [PMID: 34410648 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1518-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Analysis using mass spectrometry enables the characterization of metaproteomes in their native environments and overcomes the limitation of proteomics of pure cultures. Metaproteomics is a promising approach to link functions of currently actively expressed genes to the phylogenetic composition of the microbiome in their habitat. In this chapter, we describe the preparation of saliva samples and tongue swabs for nLC-MS/MS measurements and their bioinformatic analysis based on the Trans-Proteomic Pipeline and Prophane to study the oral microbiome .
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rabe
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Manuela Gesell Salazar
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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17
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Romanis CS, Pearson LA, Neilan BA. Cyanobacterial blooms in wastewater treatment facilities: Significance and emerging monitoring strategies. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 180:106123. [PMID: 33316292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) are prone to the proliferation of cyanobacterial species which thrive in stable, nutrient-rich environments. Dense cyanobacterial blooms frequently disrupt treatment processes and the supply of recycled water due to their production of extracellular polymeric substances, which hinder microfiltration, and toxins, which pose a health risk to end-users. A variety of methods are employed by water utilities for the identification and monitoring of cyanobacteria and their toxins in WWTFs, including microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA, chemoanalytical methods, and more recently, molecular methods. Here we review the literature on the occurrence and significance of cyanobacterial blooms in WWTFs and discuss the pros and cons of the various strategies for monitoring these potentially hazardous events. Particular focus is directed towards next-generation metagenomic sequencing technologies for the development of site-specific cyanobacterial bloom management strategies. Long-term multi-omic observations will enable the identification of indicator species and the development of site-specific bloom dynamics models for the mitigation and management of cyanobacterial blooms in WWTFs. While emerging metagenomic tools could potentially provide deep insight into the diversity and flux of problematic cyanobacterial species in these systems, they should be considered a complement to, rather than a replacement of, quantitative chemoanalytical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin S Romanis
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
| | - Leanne A Pearson
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
| | - Brett A Neilan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia.
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18
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Shokeen B, Dinis MDB, Haghighi F, Tran NC, Lux R. Omics and interspecies interaction. Periodontol 2000 2020; 85:101-111. [PMID: 33226675 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interspecies interactions are key determinants in biofilm behavior, ecology, and architecture. The cellular responses of microorganisms to each other at transcriptional, proteomic, and metabolomic levels ultimately determine the characteristics of biofilm and the corresponding implications for health and disease. Advances in omics technologies have revolutionized our understanding of microbial community composition and their activities as a whole. Large-scale analyses of the complex interaction between the many microbial species residing within a biofilm, however, are currently still hampered by technical and bioinformatics challenges. Thus, studies of interspecies interactions have largely focused on the transcriptional and proteomic changes that occur during the contact of a few prominent species, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and a few others, with selected partner species. Expansion of available tools is necessary to grow the revealing, albeit limited, insight these studies have provided into a profound understanding of the nature of individual microbial responses to the presence of others. This will allow us to answer important questions including: Which intermicrobial interactions orchestrate the myriad of cooperative, synergistic, antagonistic, manipulative, and other types of relationships and activities in the complex biofilm environment, and what are the implications for oral health and disease?
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Shokeen
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcia Dalila Botelho Dinis
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Farnoosh Haghighi
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nini Chaichanasakul Tran
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renate Lux
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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Bostanci N, Grant M, Bao K, Silbereisen A, Hetrodt F, Manoil D, Belibasakis GN. Metaproteome and metabolome of oral microbial communities. Periodontol 2000 2020; 85:46-81. [PMID: 33226703 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of high-throughput technologies for the comprehensive measurement of biomolecules, also referred to as "omics" technologies, has helped us gather "big data" and characterize microbial communities. In this article, we focus on metaproteomic and metabolomic approaches that support hypothesis-driven investigations on various oral biologic samples. Proteomics reveals the working units of the oral milieu and metabolomics unveils the reactions taking place; and so these complementary techniques can unravel the functionality and underlying regulatory processes within various oral microbial communities. Current knowledge of the proteomic interplay and metabolic interactions of microorganisms within oral biofilm and salivary microbiome communities is presented and discussed, from both clinical and basic research perspectives. Communities indicative of, or from, health, caries, periodontal diseases, and endodontic lesions are represented. Challenges, future prospects, and examples of best practice are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melissa Grant
- Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kai Bao
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelika Silbereisen
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franziska Hetrodt
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Manoil
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Schiebenhoefer H, Schallert K, Renard BY, Trappe K, Schmid E, Benndorf D, Riedel K, Muth T, Fuchs S. A complete and flexible workflow for metaproteomics data analysis based on MetaProteomeAnalyzer and Prophane. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:3212-3239. [PMID: 32859984 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metaproteomics, the study of the collective protein composition of multi-organism systems, provides deep insights into the biodiversity of microbial communities and the complex functional interplay between microbes and their hosts or environment. Thus, metaproteomics has become an indispensable tool in various fields such as microbiology and related medical applications. The computational challenges in the analysis of corresponding datasets differ from those of pure-culture proteomics, e.g., due to the higher complexity of the samples and the larger reference databases demanding specific computing pipelines. Corresponding data analyses usually consist of numerous manual steps that must be closely synchronized. With MetaProteomeAnalyzer and Prophane, we have established two open-source software solutions specifically developed and optimized for metaproteomics. Among other features, peptide-spectrum matching is improved by combining different search engines and, compared to similar tools, metaproteome annotation benefits from the most comprehensive set of available databases (such as NCBI, UniProt, EggNOG, PFAM, and CAZy). The workflow described in this protocol combines both tools and leads the user through the entire data analysis process, including protein database creation, database search, protein grouping and annotation, and results visualization. To the best of our knowledge, this protocol presents the most comprehensive, detailed and flexible guide to metaproteomics data analysis to date. While beginners are provided with robust, easy-to-use, state-of-the-art data analysis in a reasonable time (a few hours, depending on, among other factors, the protein database size and the number of identified peptides and inferred proteins), advanced users benefit from the flexibility and adaptability of the workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Schiebenhoefer
- Bioinformatics Unit (MF1), Department for Methods Development and Research Infrastructure, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Hasso Plattner Institute, Faculty for Digital Engineering, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kay Schallert
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Y Renard
- Bioinformatics Unit (MF1), Department for Methods Development and Research Infrastructure, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Hasso Plattner Institute, Faculty for Digital Engineering, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kathrin Trappe
- Bioinformatics Unit (MF1), Department for Methods Development and Research Infrastructure, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Schmid
- ID Computational & Data Science Support, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Benndorf
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes (CFGM), Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thilo Muth
- Bioinformatics Unit (MF1), Department for Methods Development and Research Infrastructure, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Section S.3 eScience, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Fuchs
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany.
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21
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Pereira JAM, Porto-Figueira P, Taware R, Sukul P, Rapole S, Câmara JS. Unravelling the Potential of Salivary Volatile Metabolites in Oral Diseases. A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E3098. [PMID: 32646009 PMCID: PMC7412334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fostered by the advances in the instrumental and analytical fields, in recent years the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has emerged as a new frontier in medical diagnostics. VOCs analysis is a non-invasive, rapid and inexpensive strategy with promising potential in clinical diagnostic procedures. Since cellular metabolism is altered by diseases, the resulting metabolic effects on VOCs may serve as biomarkers for any given pathophysiologic condition. Human VOCs are released from biomatrices such as saliva, urine, skin emanations and exhaled breath and are derived from many metabolic pathways. In this review, the potential of VOCs present in saliva will be explored as a monitoring tool for several oral diseases, including gingivitis and periodontal disease, dental caries, and oral cancer. Moreover, the analytical state-of-the-art for salivary volatomics, e.g., the most common extraction techniques along with the current challenges and future perspectives will be addressed unequivocally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. M. Pereira
- CQM–Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
| | - Priscilla Porto-Figueira
- CQM–Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
| | - Ravindra Taware
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind Road, SPPU Campus, Pune 411007, India; (R.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Pritam Sukul
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Srikanth Rapole
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind Road, SPPU Campus, Pune 411007, India; (R.T.); (S.R.)
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM–Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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22
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Antezack A, Chaudet H, Tissot-Dupont H, Brouqui P, Monnet-Corti V. Rapid diagnosis of periodontitis, a feasibility study using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230334. [PMID: 32168352 PMCID: PMC7069628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility and diagnostic contribution of protein profiling using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry applied to saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and dental plaque from periodontitis and healthy subjects. We hypothesized that rapid routine and blinded MALDI-TOF analysis could accurately classify these three types of samples according to periodontal state. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unstimulated saliva, GCF and dental plaque, collected from periodontitis subjects and healthy controls, were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Based on the differentially expressed peaks between the two groups, diagnostic decision trees were built for each sample. RESULTS Among 141 patients (67 periodontitis and 74 healthy controls), the decision trees diagnosed periodontitis with a sensitivity = 70.3% (± 0.211) and a specificity = 77.8% (± 0.165) for saliva, a sensitivity = 79.6% (± 0.188) and a specificity = 75.7% (± 0.195) for GCF, and a sensitivity = 72.1% (± 0.202) and a specificity = 72.2% (± 0.195) for dental plaque. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were improved to 100% (CI 95% = [0.91;1]) and 100% (CI 95% = [0.92;1]), respectively, when two samples were tested. CONCLUSION We developed, for the first time, diagnostic tests based on protein profiles of saliva, GCF and dental plaque between periodontitis patients and healthy subjects. When at least 2 of these samples were tested, the best results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angéline Antezack
- Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, AP-HM, UFR of Odontology, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Chaudet
- AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Tissot-Dupont
- AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brouqui
- AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Monnet-Corti
- Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, AP-HM, UFR of Odontology, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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23
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Yen E, Kaneko-Tarui T, Maron JL. Technical Considerations and Protocol Optimization for Neonatal Salivary Biomarker Discovery and Analysis. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:618553. [PMID: 33575231 PMCID: PMC7870796 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.618553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive techniques to monitor and diagnose neonates, particularly those born prematurely, are a long-sought out goal of Newborn Medicine. In recent years, technical advances, combined with increased assay sensitivity, have permitted the high-throughput analysis of multiple biomarkers simultaneously from a single sample source. Multiplexed transcriptomic and proteomic platforms, along with more comprehensive assays such as RNASeq, allow for interrogation of ongoing physiology and pathology in unprecedented ways. In the fragile neonatal population, saliva is an ideal biofluid to assess clinical status serially and offers many advantages over more invasively obtained blood samples. Importantly, saliva samples are amenable to analysis on emerging proteomic and transcriptomic platforms, even at quantitatively limited volumes. However, biomarker targets are often degraded in human saliva, and as a mixed source biofluid containing both human and microbial targets, saliva presents unique challenges for the investigator. Here, we provide insight into technical considerations and protocol optimizations developed in our laboratory to quantify and discover neonatal salivary biomarkers with improved reproducibility and reliability. We will detail insights learned from years of experimentation on neonatal saliva within our laboratory ranging from salivary collection techniques to processing to downstream analyses, highlighting the need for consistency in approach and a global understanding of both the potential benefits and limitations of neonatal salivary biomarker analyses. Importantly, we will highlight the need for robust and stringent research in this population to provide the field with standardized approaches and workflows to impact neonatal care successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Yen
- Mother Infant Research Institute at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Tufts Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tomoko Kaneko-Tarui
- Mother Infant Research Institute at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jill L Maron
- Mother Infant Research Institute at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Tufts Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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