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Estrada-Prat X, Estrada E, Tor J, Mezzatesta M, Aranbarri A, Aizpitarte A, Butjosa A, Albiac N, Fabrega M, Haro JM, Pineda II, Alda JA, Virgili C, Camprodon E, Dolz M, Keating C, Via E. Caregiver-reported emotional-behavioral symptoms in Spanish youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03364-4. [PMID: 38982168 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic stressors affected youth's mental health. This longitudinal study aims to explore these effects while considering predictive factors such as age and sex. METHODS An initial sample of 1502 caregivers answered a longitudinal survey evaluating their youths' (4-17 years of age) emotional/behavioral symptoms using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) screening tool. First assessment in May-July 2020 included the prior year's retrospective (TR) and since-lockdown-start (T0) PSC, followed by monthly evaluations until February 2021. RESULTS A positive screening PSC (PSC+) was reported in 13.09% of cases at TR and 35.01% at T0, but the likelihood of PSC+ quickly decreased over time. At T0, a more pronounced impact was found on children (39.7%) compared to adolescents (25.4%); male children exhibited higher risk for a PSC+ at T0 and longitudinally than females. Adolescents presented a weaker effect of time-improvement. PSC+ at TR, experienced stressors, and caregiver's stress/depressive symptoms positively predicted PSC+ at T0 and longitudinally; adolescents' unproductive coping style predicted PSC+ at T0. CONCLUSION: The study shows a caregiver-reported increase in emotional/behavioral symptoms in youths during the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting predominantly younger children in the early stages and showing gradual improvement over time, albeit possibly slower in adolescents. IMPACT The results show the anticipated surge in emotional and behavioral symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown in youth reported by caregivers, followed by subsequent amelioration. Of greater significance, the study reveals a heightened impact on young children initially, yet it suggests a slower improvement trajectory in adolescents. The study also identifies risk factors linked to emotional and behavioral symptoms within each age group. Alongside the longitudinal approach, the authors underscore the remarkable inclusion of a significant representation of young children, an unusual feature in such surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Estrada-Prat
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Eduardo Estrada
- Department of Social Psychology and Methodology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordina Tor
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Marcela Mezzatesta
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Aritz Aranbarri
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Alazne Aizpitarte
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Anna Butjosa
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Albiac
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marina Fabrega
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Immaculada Insa Pineda
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jose A Alda
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carles Virgili
- Independent researcher in collaboration with the Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Camprodon
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Montserrat Dolz
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry and Legal Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charlotte Keating
- Independent researcher in collaboration with the Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Via
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
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Langeland W, Olff M. Sex and gender in psychotrauma research. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2358702. [PMID: 38872459 PMCID: PMC11182052 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2358702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is two to three times more common in women than in men. To better understand this phenomenon, we need to know why men, women, and possibly individuals with other sex/gender identities respond differently to trauma. To stimulate sex and gender sensitive research, the European Journal of Psychotraumatology (EJPT) was the first journal to adopt a gender policy. In addition, a call for papers entitled Integrating and Evaluating Sex and Gender in Psychotrauma Research was announced.Objective: This special issue synthesizes the past five years of psychotrauma research with regard to sex/gender differences.Method: Seventy-seven articles were identified from EJPT archives, including five systematic reviews. These articles examined sex differences and/or gender differences in exposure to trauma, posttraumatic stress responses, or how sex and gender impacts (mental) health outcomes or treatment responses.Results: Findings from these studies outlined that: 1. sex and gender still need to be more clearly defined, also in relation to the context that codetermine trauma responses, like other 'diversity' variables; 2. in most studies, sex and gender are measured or reported as binary variables; 3. sex and gender are important variables when examining trauma exposure, responses to these events, symptoms trajectories, and mental and physical health outcomes across the life span; and 4. in PTSD treatment studies, including a meta-analysis and a systematic review, sex and gender were not significant predictors of treatment outcome.Conclusion: Future research must focus on sex and gender as important and distinct variables; they should include sex and gender in their statistical analyses plan to better clarify associations between these variables and (responses to) psychotrauma. To enhance reporting of comparable data across studies, we provide suggestions for future research, including how to assess sex and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemien Langeland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
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Sadeh Y, Graham L, Curtis M, Janson M, Kim J, Schwartz A, Undset A, Denejkina A. Posttraumatic stress and depression symptom classes in parents of trauma-exposed children: a transdiagnostic perspective using pooled individual participant data. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2299194. [PMID: 38197328 PMCID: PMC10783838 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2299194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: In the aftermath of child trauma, post-traumatic stress (PTS) and depression symptoms often co-occur among trauma exposed children and their parents. Studies have used latent class analysis (LCA) to examine PTS and depression symptoms and identify homogeneous subgroups among trauma exposed children. However, little is known about subgroups or classes of PTS and depression reactions of parents of traumatised children.Objectives: (1) Determine PTS and depression symptom classes at 2-9 months post-trauma, and (2) to examine sociodemographic covariates among parents of trauma exposed children.Methods: Using harmonised individual participant data (n = 702) from eight studies (Australia, UK, US) included in the Prospective studies of Acute Child Trauma and Recovery Data Archive (PACT/R), we modelled these phenomena at the symptom level using LCA.Results: Our LCA yielded three solutions: 'high internalizing symptom' class (11%); 'low PTS-high depression' class (17%); and 'low internalizing symptom' class (72%). Parents of children in the 'low PTS-high depression' class were more likely to have children of older age and be part of an ethnic minority, compared to the 'low internalizing symptoms' class. Mothers were more likely to be in the 'high internalizing symptom' class compared to the 'low internalizing symptoms' class.Conclusions: These findings reveal a qualitative structure and relationship between depression and PTS symptoms that highlights the importance of assessing and targeting a broad range of internalising symptoms in post-trauma psychological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Sadeh
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leila Graham
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Curtis
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa Janson
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jeeeun Kim
- Soro Orot Institute, Inc. (Soro Orot Institute – Counselor Group for Counseling and Education of Multicultural and Social Justice Issues), Seoul, Korea
| | - Ashlyn Schwartz
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Andrea Undset
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Denejkina
- Translational Health Research Institute; YouthInsight, Sydney, Australia
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Shih CH, Zhou A, Grider S, Xie H, Wang X, Elhai JD. Early self-reported post-traumatic stress symptoms after trauma exposure and associations with diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder at 3 months: latent profile analysis. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e27. [PMID: 36700253 PMCID: PMC9885326 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma exposure can cause post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and persistently experiencing PTSS may lead to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research has shown that PTSS that emerged within days of trauma was a robust predictor of PTSD development. AIMS To investigate patterns of early stress responses to trauma and their associations with development of PTSD. METHOD We recruited 247 civilian trauma survivors from a local hospital emergency department. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS) were completed within 2 weeks after the traumatic event. Additionally, 3 months post-trauma 146 of these participants completed a PTSD diagnostic interview using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5. RESULTS We first used latent profile analysis on four symptom clusters of the PCL-5 and the dissociation symptom cluster of the ASDS and determined that a four-profile model ('severe symptoms', 'moderate symptoms', 'mild symptoms', 'minimal symptoms') was optimal based on multiple fit indices. Gender was found to be predictive of profile membership. We then found a significant association between subgroup membership and PTSD diagnosis (χ2(3) = 11.85, P < 0.01, Cramer's V = 0.263). Post hoc analysis revealed that this association was driven by participants in the 'severe symptoms' profile, who had a greater likelihood of developing PTSD. CONCLUSIONS These findings fill the knowledge gap of identifying possible subgroups of individuals based on their PTSS severity during the early post-trauma period and investigating the relationship between subgroup membership and PTSD development, which have important implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Shih
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Adrian Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen Grider
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Jon D Elhai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA; and Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Liu T, Liu X, Li Y, Wang A, Chen S, Wu S, Hou S, Fan H, Cao C. Associations of Traumatic Injury with Abnormal Glucose Metabolism: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Epidemiol 2023; 15:325-336. [PMID: 36936063 PMCID: PMC10022519 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s399920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Empirical data on the association between traumatic injury and abnormal glucose metabolism risk is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between traumatic injury and abnormal glucose metabolism. Patients and Methods This study included 153,162 participants in the Kailuan Study from 2006 to 2013. Participants with abnormal glucose metabolism at baseline were excluded. All participants were monitored every two years until December 31, 2019. During follow-up, 1915 subjects with a first traumatic injury (defined as a physical injury caused by an external force) were identified. For each subject with traumatic injury, one control subject was randomly selected and matched for age (± 3 years) and sex. A total of 3830 subjects were included in the final analysis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between traumatic injury and the subsequent risk of abnormal glucose metabolism. Results During a median follow-up of 6.91 (3.57-9.41) years, 990 abnormal glucose metabolism events occurred. After adjustment for demographics, lifestyle behaviors, and traditional risk factors, those who had traumatic injury compared to controls were 32% more likely to develop any abnormal glucose metabolism (hazard ratio [HR] 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]1.16-1.49), including impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.12-1.48) and diabetes (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.10-1.70). The risks for abnormal glucose metabolism, IFG, and diabetes in subjects with moderate-severe injury were higher than in subjects with mild injury for the 1-year follow-up period, while the association was not significantly different by injury severity for the whole follow-up period. Conclusion Traumatic injury was associated with an increased risk of abnormal glucose metabolism. However, the risks of outcome events decreased as the follow-up period extended. Improved short- and long-term prevention and management strategies for controlling glucose are needed for individuals with traumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aitian Wang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shike Hou
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Cao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Chunxia Cao; Haojun Fan, Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 02227893596, Fax +86 02227893596-307, Email ;
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Loos MLHJ, Meij-de Vries A, Nagtegaal M, Bakx R. Child abuse and neglect in paediatric burns: The majority is caused by neglect and thus preventable. Burns 2022; 48:688-697. [PMID: 34103201 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is complex to distinguish negligent burns from inflicted and non-intentional burns, especially since no deliberate action caused the burn. Its recognition is important to create a safe life without (future) burns for our loved-ones who cannot take care of themselves (yet). Our aim was to investigate the incidence and associated characteristics of negligent burns are among children treated at a burn center. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical files of all children attending a Dutch burn center with an acute burn between January 2013-December 2015. The conclusion of the Child Abuse and Neglect team (CAN) was used to define inflicted, negligent or non-intentional burns. The remaining cases were reviewed by an expert panel using a standardized protocol. Demographic and social data as well as clinical information about the burn were collected. RESULTS In total 330 children were included. Negligent burns accounted for 56%, non-intentional for 42% and inflicted for 2% of the burns. Negligent burns were associated with: hot beverages (OR 4.40, 95%CI 2.75-7.05), a younger age (p < 0.001), occurrence at home (OR 4.87 95%CI 2.80-8.45) and were located at the anterior trunk (OR 2.75, 95%CI 1.73-4.35) and neck (OR 1.98, 95%CI 1.12-3.50). CONCLUSION This study shows that neglect is a major factor in the occurrence of burns in young children, therefore we conclude that the majority of paediatric burns are preventable. Educational programs creating awareness and focussing on prevention of these burns should be aimed at households, since the majority of negligent as cause of preventable burns occur at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise H J Loos
- Emma Children's Hospital, Paediatric Surgical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam & Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Annebeth Meij-de Vries
- Emma Children's Hospital, Paediatric Surgical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam & Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Red Cross Hospital, Burn Center Beverwijk, Vondellaan 13, 1942 LE, Beverwijk, The Netherlands.
| | - Michelle Nagtegaal
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam & Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Social Paediatrics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Forensic Medicine, Section on Forensic Paediatrics, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - Roel Bakx
- Emma Children's Hospital, Paediatric Surgical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam & Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Measuring Traumatic Reactions in Palestinian Children: A Psychometric Assessment of the Children Revised Impact of Event Scale-Arabic Version (CRIES-13A). Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:16-26. [PMID: 33385256 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the measurement model and measurement invariance of the Impact of Event Scale (Arabic version) in a large sample of Palestinian children. We estimated (Study 1; n = 610) the measurement model using confirmatory factor analysis. In Study 2 (n = 864), we conducted multigroup (girls and boys) tests of measurement invariance. We pooled the data collected from the participants in the first two studies (Study 3, N = 1474) to assess overall score reliability, as well as the IES' convergent and divergent validity vis-à-vis other measures of child wellbeing and mental health. The outcomes of the statistical analyses supported an invariant 13-item measurement model (intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal) for CRIES-13A. Intrusion and hyper-arousal together made up a first-order domain of symptoms (re-experiencing). The combined findings of these studies suggest that the CRIES-13A displays robust psychometric properties and may be used in contexts of military violence.
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Kassam-Adams N, Kenardy JA, Delahanty DL, Marsac ML, Meiser-Stedman R, Nixon RDV, Landolt MA, Palmieri PA. Development of an international data repository and research resource: the Prospective studies of Acute Child Trauma and Recovery (PACT/R) Data Archive. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1729025. [PMID: 32284820 PMCID: PMC7144287 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1729025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies that identify children after acute trauma and prospectively track risk/protective factors and trauma responses over time are resource-intensive; small sample sizes often limit power and generalizability. The Prospective studies of Acute Child Trauma and Recovery (PACT/R) Data Archive was created to facilitate more robust integrative cross-study data analyses. Objectives: To (a) describe creation of this research resource, including harmonization of key variables; (b) describe key study- and participant-level variables; and (c) examine retention to follow-up across studies. Methods: For the first 30 studies in the Archive, we described study-level (design factors, retention rates) and participant-level (demographic, event, traumatic stress) variables. We used Chi square or ANOVA to examine study- and participant-level variables potentially associated with retention. Results: These 30 prospective studies (N per study = 50 to 568; overall N = 5499) conducted by 15 research teams in 5 countries enrolled children exposed to injury (46%), disaster (24%), violence (13%), traffic accidents (10%), or other acute events. Participants were school-age or adolescent (97%), 60% were male, and approximately half were of minority ethnicity. Using harmonized data from 22 measures, 24% reported significant traumatic stress ≥1 month post-event. Other commonly assessed outcomes included depression (19 studies), internalizing/externalizing symptoms (19), and parent mental health (19). Studies involved 2 to 5 research assessments; 80% of participants were retained for ≥2 assessments. At the study level, greater retention was associated with more planned assessments. At the participant level, adolescents, minority youth, and those of lower socioeconomic status had lower retention rates. Conclusion: This project demonstrates the feasibility and value of bringing together traumatic stress research data and making it available for re-use. As an ongoing research resource, the Archive can promote 'FAIR' data practices and facilitate integrated analyses to advance understanding of child traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Kassam-Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justin A Kenardy
- Department of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Meghan L Marsac
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Richard Meiser-Stedman
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Markus A Landolt
- Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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