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Ferreira NS, Lima NF, Sulczewski FB, Soares IS, Ferreira MU, Boscardin SB. Plasmodium vivax infection alters the peripheral immunoregulatory network of CD4 T follicular cells and B cells. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350372. [PMID: 37160134 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory and effector cell responses to Plasmodium vivax, the most common human malaria parasite outside Africa, remain understudied in naturally infected populations. Here, we describe peripheral CD4+ T- and B-cell populations during and shortly after an uncomplicated P. vivax infection in 38 continuously exposed adult Amazonians. Consistent with previous observations, we found an increased frequency in CD4+ CD45RA- CD25+ FoxP3+ T regulatory cells that express the inhibitory molecule CTLA-4 during the acute infection, with a sustained expansion of CD21- CD27- atypical memory cells within the CD19+ B-cell compartment. Both Th1- and Th2-type subsets of CXCR5+ ICOShi PD-1+ circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells, which are thought to contribute to antibody production, were induced during P. vivax infection, with a positive correlation between overall cTfh cell frequency and IgG antibody titers to the P. vivax blood-stage antigen MSP119 . We identified significant changes in cell populations that had not been described in human malaria, such as an increased frequency of CTLA-4+ T follicular regulatory cells that antagonize Tfh cells, and a decreased frequency of circulating CD24hi CD27+ B regulatory cells in response to acute infection. In conclusion, we disclose a complex immunoregulatory network that is critical to understand how naturally acquired immunity develops in P. vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália S Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathália F Lima
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando B Sulczewski
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irene S Soares
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo U Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Silvia B Boscardin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Divenuto F, Pavia G, Marascio N, Barreca GS, Quirino A, Matera G. Role of Treg, Breg and other cytokine sets in host protection and immunopathology during human leishmaniasis: Are they potential valuable markers in clinical settings and vaccine evaluation? Acta Trop 2023; 240:106849. [PMID: 36731621 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by obligate intracellular protozoan parasites that can infect humans and other mammals. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are important regulators of innate and specific responses in Leishmania infection. Resistance to leishmaniasis is related to T helper 1 (Th1) response with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-12, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 leading to activation of macrophages and parasite killing. Instead, a more intense Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), Treg (IL-10 and TGF-β) and Breg response (IL-10 and IL-35) are related to parasite persistence through the inhibition of macrophage activation, which promotes the escape from host immune system. Interestingly, a cytokine involved in the parasite killing in one form of leishmaniasis may be "pathogen friendly" in another form of the disease. To date, few studies are focusing on the role of Treg and Breg cytokines in human models of leishmaniasis; therefore, further investigations are needed to clarify their potential role in the diagnosis and prognosis of such protozoan infections, as well as in the development of vaccines against leishmaniasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of cytokines produced by Th1, Th2, Treg, and Breg cells involved in Leishmania disease progression and host protection. Some cytokines might play a role as diagnostic and prognostic clinical markers, or they could represent a novel approach leading to new anti-leishmaniasis therapies. Overall, advances in knowledge of the complex network of cytokines secreted by immune cells could help to better understand signaling pathways and host immune responses during Leishmania infection. This approach would allow these mediators to be used as therapeutic strategies against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Divenuto
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Grazia Pavia
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nadia Marascio
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Angela Quirino
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Matera
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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3
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Kalkal M, Das J. Current understanding of the immune potential of B-cell subsets in malarial pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1046002. [PMID: 36778886 PMCID: PMC9909418 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1046002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past several decades, our understanding of how B cells are generated and what function they perform has continued to advance. It is widely accepted that B-cell subsets play a critical role in mediating immune response. Surprisingly, human and murine malarial infections cause major alterations in the composition of B-cell subsets in both the spleen and periphery. Multiple B-cell subsets are well characterized in murine models following primary and secondary infection, although in human malarial infection, these subsets are not well defined. Furthermore, a rare known function of B cells includes the potential role of regulating the activities of other cells in the body as regulatory cells. Plasmodium infection strongly alters the frequency of these regulatory B cells indicating the immunoregulatory function of B cells in malarial. It is important to note that these subsets, taken together, form the cellular basis of humoral immune responses, allowing protection against a wide array of Plasmodium antigens to be achieved. However, it remains a challenge and an important area of investigation to understand how these B-cell subsets work together to provide protection against Plasmodium infection.
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4
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Moreira H, Dobosz A, Cwynar-Zając Ł, Nowak P, Czyżewski M, Barg M, Reichert P, Królikowska A, Barg E. Unraveling the role of Breg cells in digestive tract cancer and infectious immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:981847. [PMID: 36618354 PMCID: PMC9816437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.981847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, regulatory B cells (Breg cells or Bregs) have emerged as an immunosuppressive subset of B lymphocytes playing a key role in inflammation, infection, allergy, transplantation, and cancer. However, the involvement of Bregs in various pathological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract is not fully understood and is the subject of much recent research. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current state of knowledge about the origin, phenotype, and suppressive mechanisms of Bregs. The relationship between the host gut microbiota and the function of Bregs in the context of the disturbance of mucosal immune homeostasis is also discussed. Moreover, we focused our attention on the role of Bregs in certain diseases and pathological conditions related to the digestive tract, especially Helicobacter pylori infection, parasitic diseases (leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis), and gastrointestinal neoplasms. Increasing evidence points to a relationship between the presence and number of Bregs and the severity and progression of these pathologies. As the number of cases is increasing year by year, also among young people, it is extremely important to understand the role of these cells in the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Moreira
- Department of Medical Sciences Foundation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland,*Correspondence: Helena Moreira, ; Agnieszka Dobosz,
| | - Agnieszka Dobosz
- Department of Medical Sciences Foundation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland,*Correspondence: Helena Moreira, ; Agnieszka Dobosz,
| | - Łucja Cwynar-Zając
- Department of Medical Sciences Foundation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Nowak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Czyżewski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Barg
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Reichert
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Clinical Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Królikowska
- Ergonomics and Biomedical Monitoring Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Barg
- Department of Medical Sciences Foundation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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5
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Conde L, Maciel G, de Assis GM, Freire-de-Lima L, Nico D, Vale A, Freire-de-Lima CG, Morrot A. Humoral response in Leishmaniasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1063291. [PMID: 36579347 PMCID: PMC9791258 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1063291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis presents different types of clinical manifestations that can be divided into cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis. The host's immune system, associated with genetic and nutritional factors, is strongly involved in the evolution of the disease or parasite escape. Humoral immunity is characterized by the production of antibodies capable of promoting neutralization, opsonization, and activation of the complement system. In this scenario, B lymphocytes produce antibodies that play an important role in Leishmania infection although neglected for a long time. Thus, relevant aspects in the establishment of Leishmania infection will be addressed, highlighting the importance of humoral immunity during the entire process of Leishmania infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Conde
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Maciel
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Meira de Assis
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dirlei Nico
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Vale
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Morrot
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,*Correspondence: Alexandre Morrot,
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6
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Li M, Wang H, Ni Y, Li C, Xu X, Chang H, Xu Z, Hou M, Ji M. Helminth-induced CD9 + B-cell subset alleviates obesity-associated inflammation via IL-10 production. Int J Parasitol 2021; 52:111-123. [PMID: 34863801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that helminth infection can protect against obesity and improve insulin sensitivity to a certain extent, based on epidemiological investigations and animal experiments. Meanwhile, helminths induce a network of regulatory immune cells, including regulatory B cells (Bregs). However, the molecule characteristics and function of these Bregs in improving whole-body metabolic homeostasis remains largely unclear. We established a mouse model with chronic Schistosoma japonicum infection, and compared the differences in B10 cells (CD19+CD5+CD1dhi) and B10- cells (CD19+CD5-CD1d-) from splenic B cells of infected mice using RNA-seq. A unique Breg population was identified. Furthermore, these Bregs were evaluated for their ability to produce inhibitory cytokines in vitro and suppress obesity when adoptively transferred into mice on a high-fat diet. We found that schistosome infection could expand Breg cell populations in mice. CD9 was demonstrated to be a key surface marker for most murine IL-10+ B cells in spleen. CD19+CD9+ B cells produced more IL-10 than conventional B10 cells. Adoptive transfer of CD9+ B cells had the capacity to alleviate obesity-associated inflammation via promoting Tregs, Th2 cells and decreasing Th1, Th17 cells in high-fat diet mice. In conclusion, schistosome infection can induce regulatory CD9+ B cell production, which plays a critical role in the regulation of metabolic disorders through IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maining Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiquan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyue Ni
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejun Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Hou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Immunosuppression in Malaria: Do Plasmodium falciparum Parasites Hijack the Host? Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101277. [PMID: 34684226 PMCID: PMC8536967 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria reflects not only a state of immune activation, but also a state of general immune defect or immunosuppression, of complex etiology that can last longer than the actual episode. Inhabitants of malaria-endemic regions with lifelong exposure to the parasite show an exhausted or immune regulatory profile compared to non- or minimally exposed subjects. Several studies and experiments to identify and characterize the cause of this malaria-related immunosuppression have shown that malaria suppresses humoral and cellular responses to both homologous (Plasmodium) and heterologous antigens (e.g., vaccines). However, neither the underlying mechanisms nor the relative involvement of different types of immune cells in immunosuppression during malaria is well understood. Moreover, the implication of the parasite during the different stages of the modulation of immunity has not been addressed in detail. There is growing evidence of a role of immune regulators and cellular components in malaria that may lead to immunosuppression that needs further research. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on how malaria parasites may directly and indirectly induce immunosuppression and investigate the potential role of specific cell types, effector molecules and other immunoregulatory factors.
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8
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Jansen K, Cevhertas L, Ma S, Satitsuksanoa P, Akdis M, van de Veen W. Regulatory B cells, A to Z. Allergy 2021; 76:2699-2715. [PMID: 33544905 DOI: 10.1111/all.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
B cells play a central role in the immune system through the production of antibodies. During the past two decades, it has become increasingly clear that B cells also have the capacity to regulate immune responses through mechanisms that extend beyond antibody production. Several types of human and murine regulatory B cells have been reported that suppress inflammatory responses in autoimmune disease, allergy, infection, transplantation, and cancer. Key suppressive molecules associated with regulatory B-cell function include the cytokines IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β as well as cell membrane-bound molecules such as programmed death-ligand 1, CD39, CD73, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Regulatory B cells can be induced by a range of different stimuli, including microbial products such as TLR4 or TLR9 ligands, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-α, as well as CD40 ligation. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge on regulatory B cells. We discuss different types of regulatory B cells, the mechanisms through which they exert their regulatory functions, factors that lead to induction of regulatory B cells and their role in the alteration of inflammatory responses in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Jansen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Lacin Cevhertas
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Department of Medical Immunology Institute of Health SciencesBursa Uludag University Bursa Turkey
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery+ Beijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
| | | | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
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9
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Wang W, Zou R, Qiu Y, Liu J, Xin Y, He T, Qiu Z. Interaction Networks Converging on Immunosuppressive Roles of Granzyme B: Special Niches Within the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670324. [PMID: 33868318 PMCID: PMC8047302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Granzyme B is a renowned effector molecule primarily utilized by CTLs and NK cells against ill-defined and/or transformed cells during immunosurveillance. The overall expression of granzyme B within tumor microenvironment has been well-established as a prognostic marker indicative of priming immunity for a long time. Until recent years, increasing immunosuppressive effects of granzyme B are unveiled in the setting of different immunological context. The accumulative evidence confounded the roles of granzyme B in immune responses, thereby arousing great interests in characterizing detailed feature of granzyme B-positive niche. In this paper, the granzyme B-related regulatory effects of major suppressor cells as well as the tumor microenvironment that defines such functionalities were longitudinally summarized and discussed. Multiplex networks were built upon the interactions among different transcriptional factors, cytokines, and chemokines that regarded to the initiation and regulation of granzyme B-mediated immunosuppression. The conclusions and prospect may facilitate better interpretations of the clinical significance of granzyme B, guiding the rational development of therapeutic regimen and diagnostic probes for anti-tumor purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jishuang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Xin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Tianzhu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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10
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Guo K, Ma S. The Immune System in Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury Prevention and Therapy: Update and Perspective. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:639976. [PMID: 33842545 PMCID: PMC8024523 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.639976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As an initiator of respiratory distress, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is regarded as one of the rare complications associated with transfusion medicine. However, to date, the pathogenesis of TRALI is still unclear, and specific therapies are unavailable. Understanding the mechanisms of TRALI may promote the design of preventive and therapeutic strategies. The immune system plays vital roles in reproduction, development and homeostasis. Sterile tissue damage, such as physical trauma, ischemia, or reperfusion injury, induces an inflammatory reaction that results in wound healing and regenerative mechanisms. In other words, in addition to protecting against pathogens, the immune response may be strongly associated with TRALI prevention and treatment through a variety of immunomodulatory strategies to inhibit excessive immune system activation. Immunotherapy based on immune cells or immunological targets may eradicate complications. For example, IL-10 therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy to explore further. This review will focus on ultramodern advances in our understanding of the potential role of the immune system in TRALI prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxuan Ma
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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11
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Understanding the immune responses involved in mediating protection or immunopathology during leishmaniasis. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:297-311. [PMID: 33449103 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) transmitted by the sand fly and is a major public health problem worldwide. Infections caused by Leishmania clinically manifest as a wide range of diseases, such as cutaneous (CL), diffuse cutaneous (DCL), mucosal (MCL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The host innate and adaptative immune responses play critical roles in the defense against leishmaniasis. However, Leishmania parasites also manipulate the host immune response for their survival and replication. In addition, other factors such as sand fly salivary proteins and microbiota also promote disease susceptibility and parasite spread by modulating local immune response. Thus, a complex interplay between parasite, sand fly and the host immunity governs disease severity and outcome. In this review, we discuss the host immune response during Leishmania infection and highlight the factors associated with resistance or susceptibility.
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12
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Ma S, Satitsuksanoa P, Jansen K, Cevhertas L, van de Veen W, Akdis M. B regulatory cells in allergy. Immunol Rev 2020; 299:10-30. [PMID: 33345311 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
B cells have classically been recognized for their unique and indispensable role in the production of antibodies. Their potential as immunoregulatory cells with anti-inflammatory functions has received increasing attention during the last two decades. Herein, we highlight pioneering studies in the field of regulatory B cell (Breg) research. We will review the literature on Bregs with a particular focus on their role in the regulation of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Ma
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Kirstin Jansen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Lacin Cevhertas
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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13
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Jamal F, Singh MK, Hansa J, Pushpanjali, Ahmad G, Dikhit MR, Umar MS, Bimal S, Das P, Mujeeb AA, Singh SK, Zubair S, Owais M. Leishmania-Specific Promiscuous Membrane Protein Tubulin Folding Cofactor D Divulges Th 1/Th 2 Polarization in the Host via ERK -1/2 and p38 MAPK Signaling Cascade. Front Immunol 2020; 11:817. [PMID: 32582140 PMCID: PMC7280453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL)-related mortality and morbidity imposes a great deal of health concern across the globe. The existing anti-leishmanial drug regimen generally fails to eliminate newly emerging resistant isolates of this dreadful parasite. In such circumstances, the development of a prophylactic strategy to impart protection against the disease is likely to take center stage. In order to develop a promising prophylactic vaccine, it is desirable to identify an adequately potential vaccine candidate. In silico analysis of Leishmania tubulin folding cofactor D protein predicted its potential to activate both B- and T-cell repertoires. Furthermore, the ELISA employing anti-peptide27 (a segment of tubulin folding cofactor D) antibody revealed its proficiency in VL diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The peptide27 and its cocktail with another Leishmania peptide (peptide23) prompted the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-17, etc., and the down-regulation of immune-regulatory cytokines, such as IL-10, in the immunized BALB/c mice. Coherent to the consequence of peptide-specific humoral immune response, peptide cocktail-based immunization ensued in the predominant amplification of pathogen-specific IgG2a over the IgG1 isotype, up-regulated proliferation of T lymphocytes, and enhanced production of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, etc. We also established that the peptide cocktail modulated host MAPK signaling to favor the amplification of Th1-dominated immune response in the host. The peptide cocktail mediated the activation of the host immune armory, which was eventually translated into a significant decline in parasitic load in the visceral organs of experimental animals challenged with Leishmania donovani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Jamal
- Interdesciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Manish K Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Jagadish Hansa
- Department of Microbiology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Pushpanjali
- Department of Microbiology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Ghufran Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Dikhit
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Mohd Saad Umar
- Interdesciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Sanjiva Bimal
- Department of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Pradeep Das
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Anzar Abdul Mujeeb
- Interdesciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Shubhankar K Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Swaleha Zubair
- Department of Computer Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Interdesciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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14
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Valizadeh A, Sanaei R, Rezaei N, Azizi G, Fekrvand S, Aghamohammadi A, Yazdani R. Potential role of regulatory B cells in immunological diseases. Immunol Lett 2019; 215:48-59. [PMID: 31442542 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are immune-modulating cells that affect the immune system by producing cytokines or cellular interactions. These cells have immunomodulatory effects on the immune system by cytokine production. The abnormalities in Bregs could be involved in various disorders such as autoimmunity, chronic infectious disease, malignancies, allergies, and primary immunodeficiencies are immune-related scenarios. Ongoing investigation could disclose the biology and the exact phenotype of these cells and also the assigned mechanisms of action of each subset, as a result, potential therapeutic strategies for treating immune-related anomalies. In this review, we collect the findings of human and mouse Bregs and the therapeutic efforts to change the pathogenicity of these cells in diverse disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Valizadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roozbeh Sanaei
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saba Fekrvand
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Esteve-Solé A, Luo Y, Vlagea A, Deyà-Martínez Á, Yagüe J, Plaza-Martín AM, Juan M, Alsina L. B Regulatory Cells: Players in Pregnancy and Early Life. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072099. [PMID: 30029515 PMCID: PMC6073150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and early infancy represent two very particular immunological states. During pregnancy, the haploidentical fetus and the pregnant women develop tolerance mechanisms to avoid rejection; then, just after birth, the neonatal immune system must modulate the transition from the virtually sterile but haploidentical uterus to a world full of antigens and the rapid microbial colonization of the mucosa. B regulatory (Breg) cells are a recently discovered B cell subset thought to play a pivotal role in different conditions such as chronic infections, autoimmunity, cancer, and transplantation among others in addition to pregnancy. This review focuses on the role of Breg cells in pregnancy and early infancy, two special stages of life in which recent studies have positioned Breg cells as important players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Esteve-Solé
- Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.
- Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Yiyi Luo
- Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.
- Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alexandru Vlagea
- Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Immunology Service, Biomedic Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ángela Deyà-Martínez
- Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.
- Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Yagüe
- Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Immunology Service, Biomedic Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana María Plaza-Martín
- Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Manel Juan
- Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Immunology Service, Biomedic Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laia Alsina
- Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.
- Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Potential Role for Regulatory B Cells as a Major Source of Interleukin-10 in Spleen from Plasmodium chabaudi-Infected Mice. Infect Immun 2018. [PMID: 29531131 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00016-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing regulatory B (Breg) cells were found to be induced in a variety of infectious diseases. However, its importance in the regulation of immune response to malaria is still unclear. Here, we investigated the dynamics, phenotype, and function of Breg cells using Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS-infected C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. BALB/c mice were more susceptible to infection and had a stronger IL-10 response in spleen than C57BL/6 mice. Analysis of the surface markers of IL-10-producing cells with flow cytometry showed that CD19+ B cells were one of the primary IL-10-producing populations in P. c. chabaudi AS-infected C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, especially in the latter one. The Breg cells had a heterogeneous phenotype which shifted during infection. The well-established Breg subset, CD19+ CD5+ CD1dhi cells, accounted for less than 20% of IL-10-producing B cells in both strains during the course of infection. Most Breg cells were IgG+ and CD138- from day 0 to day 8 postinfection. Adoptive transfer of Breg cells to C57BL/6 mice infected with P. c. chabaudi AS led to a transient increase of parasitemia without an impact on survival rate. Our finding reveals that B cells play an active and important regulatory role in addition to mediating humoral immunity in immune response against malaria, which should be paid more attention in developing therapeutic or vaccine strategies against malaria involving stimulation of B cells.
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17
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Badirzadeh A, Taheri T, Abedi-Astaneh F, Taslimi Y, Abdossamadi Z, Montakhab-Yeganeh H, Aghashahi M, Niyyati M, Rafati S. Arginase activity of Leishmania isolated from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [PMID: 28731592 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most important vector-borne parasitic diseases, highly endemic in Iran, and its prevalence is increasing all over the country. Arginase (ARG) activity in isolated Leishmania parasites from CL patients is yet to be explored. This study aimed to compare the ARG activity of isolated Leishmania promastigotes from CL patients with a standard strain of Leishmania major and its influences on the disease pathogenesis. We recruited 16 confirmed CL patients from Qom Province, in central Iran; after detection of Leishmania species using PCR-RFLP, we assessed the levels of ARG in the isolated promastigotes and determined the parasites' growth rate. Only L. major was identified from CL patients. The level of ARG activity in the isolated Leishmania promastigotes from CL patients was significantly higher than that obtained from the standard strain of L. major. No significant correlations between ARG activity and lesion size, number or duration were observed; in contrast, a significant negative correlation was seen between ARG level and Leishmania' growth rate. The obtained results suggest that increased ARG expression and activity in the isolated Leishmania promastigotes might contribute to the higher parasite infectivity and play a major role in the pathogenicity of the CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Badirzadeh
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - T Taheri
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Abedi-Astaneh
- Department of Communicable Disease, Deputy of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Y Taslimi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Abdossamadi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Montakhab-Yeganeh
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Aghashahi
- Department of Communicable Disease, Deputy of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - M Niyyati
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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