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Huang X, Li Y, Li J, Jiang Y, Cui W, Zhou H, Tang L. The long noncoding RNA loc107053557 acts as a gga-miR-3530-5p sponge to suppress the replication of vvIBDV through regulating STAT1 expression. Virulence 2024; 15:2333237. [PMID: 38528779 PMCID: PMC10984138 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2333237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes immunosuppression and high mortality in young chickens. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators during viral infection. However, detailed the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA have not yet been described in IBDV infection. Here, we analysed the role of lncRNA53557/gga-miR-3530-5p/STAT1 axis in very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) infection. Evidently upregulated expression of lncRNA53557 was observed in bursa of Fabricius and DT40 cells. Meanwhile, overexpression of lncRNA53557 promoted STAT1 expression and inhibited vvIBDV replication and vice versa, indicating that the upregulation of lncRNA53557 was part of the host antiviral defence. The subcellular fractionation assay confirmed that lncRNA53557 can be localized in the cytoplasm. Further, dual-luciferase reporter, RNA pulldown, FISH and RT-qPCR assays revealed that lncRNA53557 were directly bound to gga-miR-3530-5p and had a negative regulatory relationship between them. Subsequent mechanistic analysis showed that lncRNA53557 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of gga-miR-3530-5p to relieve the repressive effect of gga-miR-3530-5p on its target STAT1, as well as Mx1, OASL, and ISG15, thereby suppressing vvIBDV replication. The study reveals that a network of enriched lncRNAs and lncRNA-associated ceRNA is involved in the regulation of IBDV infection, offering new insight into the mechanisms underlying IBDV-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, P.R. China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, P.R. China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, P.R. China
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2
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Liu W, Huang X. Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus infection triggered microscopic changes, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokines imbalance in chicken spleen and thymus. Avian Pathol 2024:1-27. [PMID: 38995197 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2380420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
AbstractInfectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) can cause a highly contagious disease, resulting in severe damage to the immune system that causes immunosuppression in young chickens. Both spleen and thymus are important immune organs, which play a key role in eliciting protective immune responses. However, the effects of very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) strain LJ-5 infection on chicken spleen and thymus are still unknown. In the present study, three-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were infected with vvIBDV for one to five days. The vvIBDV infection significantly increased the spleen index and decreased the thymus index.Microscopic analysis indicated necrosis, depletion of the lymphoid cells and complete loss of structural integrity in spleen and thymus. Ultrastructural analysis displayed mitochondrial and nuclear damage, including mitochondrial cristae breaks, and deformation of nuclear membrane in vvIBDV-infected spleen and thymus tissues. Cytokine levels increased in the spleen and thymus after IBDV infection, promoting inflammation and causing an inflammatory imbalance. Moreover, the mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes was significantly upregulated in the vvIBDV infection group compared to in the control group. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of mitochondrial dynamics was altered in the spleen and thymus of vvIBDV-infected chickens. These results suggested that vvIBDV infection triggers an imbalance of inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis in the spleen and thymus, resulting in immune injury in chickens. This study offered basic data for the further study of vvIBDV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P.R. China
| | - Xuewei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P.R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
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3
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Eid AAM, Mahmoud AM, Hamouda EE, Metwally M, Ezz-Eldin RM, ElBakrey RM. The efficacy of simultaneous successive classic and variant infectious bronchitis virus vaccines versus circulating variant II Egyptian field virus. Open Vet J 2024; 14:90-107. [PMID: 38633144 PMCID: PMC11018445 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Being a ubiquitous, highly contagious virus with a continuous mutation and a large number of evolutions worldwide, the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) continues to wreak problems among Egyptian chickens and generate economic losses. The commonly applied IBV vaccination protocols in broilers include alternatives to classic and/or variant attenuated live virus vaccines. Aim The current study targeted to assess the protective efficacy of concurrent and successive Ma5 and 4/91 vaccine strain regimens against the field variant II IBV strain (IBV-EGY-ZU/Ck-127/2021) in chickens. Methods Commercial broiler chickens were vaccinated with Ma5 and 4/91 strains simultaneously at 1 and 14 days of age. The evaluation parameters included clinical protection and humoral and early innate immunity aspects in the renal tissues of vaccinated and infected birds. Results The vaccine regimen ameliorated the clinical and histopathological lesions against variant II IBV and enhanced body gain as well as succeeded in preventing tracheal shedding and minimizing cloacal shedding of the field virus. The IL-1β mRNA gene expression was evident as early as 24 hours, with highly significant upregulation at 48 hours post vaccination and 24 hours post challenge (PC) in vaccinated birds. Remarkable upregulation was observed in oligoadenylate synthetases (OAS) expression 48 hours PC in vaccinated and unvaccinated infected birds. The vaccinated birds developed a significant antibody titer of 704.0 ± 111.98 at 28 days of age, with a consistent antibody titer increase after the challenge. Conclusion Overall, a combination of heterologous protectotype commercial vaccines achieved good protection against the Egyptian variant II IBV strain. This vaccine program could be an effective protocol against the threat posed by IBV viruses circulating in the Egyptian field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. M. Eid
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Esraa E. Hamouda
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha M.M. Ezz-Eldin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Reham M. ElBakrey
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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González‐Moro I, Garcia‐Etxebarria K, Mendoza LM, Fernández‐Jiménez N, Mentxaka J, Olazagoitia‐Garmendia A, Arroyo MN, Sawatani T, Moreno‐Castro C, Vinci C, Op de Beek A, Cnop M, Igoillo‐Esteve M, Santin I. LncRNA ARGI Contributes to Virus-Induced Pancreatic β Cell Inflammation Through Transcriptional Activation of IFN-Stimulated Genes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300063. [PMID: 37382191 PMCID: PMC10477904 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disease that develops in genetically susceptible individuals. Most T1D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are located in non-coding regions of the human genome. Interestingly, SNPs in long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may result in the disruption of their secondary structure, affecting their function, and in turn, the expression of potentially pathogenic pathways. In the present work, the function of a virus-induced T1D-associated lncRNA named ARGI (Antiviral Response Gene Inducer) is characterized. Upon a viral insult, ARGI is upregulated in the nuclei of pancreatic β cells and binds to CTCF to interact with the promoter and enhancer regions of IFNβ and interferon-stimulated genes, promoting their transcriptional activation in an allele-specific manner. The presence of the T1D risk allele in ARGI induces a change in its secondary structure. Interestingly, the T1D risk genotype induces hyperactivation of type I IFN response in pancreatic β cells, an expression signature that is present in the pancreas of T1D patients. These data shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which T1D-related SNPs in lncRNAs influence pathogenesis at the pancreatic β cell level and opens the door for the development of therapeutic strategies based on lncRNA modulation to delay or avoid pancreatic β cell inflammation in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar González‐Moro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of the Basque CountryLeioa48940Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldo48903Spain
| | - Koldo Garcia‐Etxebarria
- Biodonostia Health Research InstituteGastrointestinal Genetics GroupSan Sebastián20014Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)Barcelona08036Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of the Basque CountryLeioa48940Spain
| | - Nora Fernández‐Jiménez
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldo48903Spain
- Department of GeneticsPhysical Anthropology and Animal PhysiologyUniversity of the Basque CountryLeioa48940Spain
| | - Jon Mentxaka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of the Basque CountryLeioa48940Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldo48903Spain
| | - Ane Olazagoitia‐Garmendia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of the Basque CountryLeioa48940Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldo48903Spain
| | - María Nicol Arroyo
- ULB Center for Diabetes ResearchUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrussels1070Belgium
| | - Toshiaki Sawatani
- ULB Center for Diabetes ResearchUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrussels1070Belgium
| | | | - Chiara Vinci
- ULB Center for Diabetes ResearchUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrussels1070Belgium
| | - Anne Op de Beek
- ULB Center for Diabetes ResearchUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrussels1070Belgium
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes ResearchUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrussels1070Belgium
- Division of EndocrinologyErasmus HospitalUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrussels1070Belgium
| | | | - Izortze Santin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of the Basque CountryLeioa48940Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldo48903Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid28029Spain
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5
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Zong Q, Qu H, Zheng X, Wang H, Wu S, Yin Z, Bao W. Hypomethylated interferon regulatory factor 8 recruits activating protein-2α to attenuate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in porcine jejunum. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1187144. [PMID: 37593742 PMCID: PMC10427914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a key regulator of innate immune receptor signaling that resists pathogen invasion by regulating cell growth and differentiation. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) targets the intestine and damages the mucosal barrier. However, whether IRF8 regulates PEDV replication remains unclear. We revealed that PEDV infection activated IRF8 expression. Moreover, IRF8 deletion drastically promoted PEDV replication and invasion, increasing the virus copies and titers. Hypomethylation enrichment of activating protein (AP)-2α was significantly negatively correlated with high IRF8 expression, and AP-2α directly targeted the IRF8 promoter to regulate PEDV replication. Furthermore, IRF8 overexpression decreased the cellular reactive oxygen species levels and mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the antioxidant enzyme activities to alleviate PEDV-induced oxidative damage. IRF8 overexpression suppressed apoptotic gene expression, thereby inhibiting apoptosis in response to PEDV stimulation. Taken together, this study demonstrates that AP-2α is involved in PEDV-induced epigenetic modification of IRF8 to reduce cell apoptosis and oxidative stress and facilitate host resistance to PEDV in the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Zong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianrui Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haifei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenglong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenbin Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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6
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You G, Li W, Wang Y, Cao H, Li X, Gao L, Zheng SJ. Reduced NR2F2 Expression in the Host Response to Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Infection Suppressed Viral Replication by Enhancing Type I Interferon Expression by Targeting SOCS5. J Virol 2023; 97:e0066423. [PMID: 37358466 PMCID: PMC10373545 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00664-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that play an important role in regulating innate antiviral immunity and other biological processes. However, the role of nuclear receptors in the host response to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection remains elusive. In this study, we show that IBDV infection or poly(I·C) treatment of DF-1 or HD11 cells markedly decreased nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2 (NR2F2) expression. Surprisingly, knockdown, knockout, or inhibition of NR2F2 expression in host cells remarkably inhibited IBDV replication and promoted IBDV/poly(I·C)-induced type I interferon and interferon-stimulated genes expression. Furthermore, our data show that NR2F2 negatively regulates the antiviral innate immune response by promoting the suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 (SOCS5) expression. Thus, reduced NR2F2 expression in the host response to IBDV infection inhibited viral replication by enhancing the expression of type I interferon by targeting SOCS5. These findings reveal that NR2F2 plays a crucial role in antiviral innate immunity, furthering our understanding of the mechanism underlying the host response to viral infection. IMPORTANCE Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive disease causing considerable economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Nuclear receptors play an important role in regulating innate antiviral immunity. However, the role of nuclear receptors in the host response to IBD virus (IBDV) infection remains elusive. Here, we report that NR2F2 expression decreased in IBDV-infected cells, which consequently reduced SOCS5 expression, promoted type I interferon expression, and suppressed IBDV infection. Thus, NR2F2 serves as a negative factor in the host response to IBDV infection by regulating SOCS5 expression, and intervention in the NR2F2-mediated host response by specific inhibitors might be employed as a strategy for prevention and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangju You
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun J. Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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7
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Wen B, Qi X, Lv D, Yang L, Tang P, Chang W, Han S, Yu S, Wei S, Xue Q, Wang J. Long noncoding RNA IRF1-AS is associated with peste des petits ruminants infection. Vet Res 2022; 53:89. [PMID: 36307867 PMCID: PMC9617334 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute and highly contagious disease and has long been a significant threat to small ruminant productivity worldwide. However, the molecular mechanism underlying host-PPRV interactions remains unclear and the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulation of PPR virus (PPRV) infection has rarely been reported so far. Here, we first demonstrated that PPRV infection can induce an obvious innate immune response in caprine endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) at 48 h post-infection (hpi) with an MOI of 3. Subsequently, we determined that PPRV infection is associated with 191 significantly differentially expressed (SDE) lncRNAs, namely, 137 upregulated and 54 downregulated lncRNAs, in caprine EECs compared with mock control cells at 48 hpi by using deep sequencing technology. Importantly, bioinformatics preliminarily analyses revealed that these DE lncRNAs were closely related to the immune response. Furthermore, we identified a system of lncRNAs related to the immune response and focused on the role of lncRNA 10636385 (IRF1-AS) in regulating the innate immune response. Interestingly, we found that IRF1-AS was a potent positive regulator of IFN-β and ISG production, which can significantly inhibit PPRV replication in host cells. In addition, our data revealed that IRF1-AS was positively correlated with its potential target gene, IRF1, which enhanced the activation of IRF3 and the expression of ISGs and interacted with IRF3. This study suggests that IRF1-AS could be a new host factor target for developing antiviral therapies against PPRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daiyue Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenchi Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuizhong Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengmeng Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaopeng Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinghong Xue
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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8
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Zhang S, Zheng S. Host Combats IBDV Infection at Both Protein and RNA Levels. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102309. [PMID: 36298864 PMCID: PMC9607458 DOI: 10.3390/v14102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious, and immunosuppressive avian disease caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). In recent years, with the emergence of IBDV variants and recombinant strains, IBDV still threatens the poultry industry worldwide. It seems that the battle between host and IBDV will never end. Thus, it is urgent to develop a more comprehensive and effective strategy for the control of this disease. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying virus-host interactions would be of help in the development of novel vaccines. Recently, much progress has been made in the understanding of the host response against IBDV infection. If the battle between host and IBDV at the protein level is considered the front line, at the RNA level, it can be taken as a hidden line. The host combats IBDV infection at both the front and hidden lines. Therefore, this review focuses on our current understanding of the host response to IBDV infection at both the protein and RNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(10)-6273-4681
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9
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Genome-wide identification of chicken bursae of Fabricius miRNAs in response to very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1855-1864. [PMID: 35752686 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) can cause a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease in young chickens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression and are involved in the pathogenesis of IBDV infection. To investigate the roles of miRNA in chicken bursae of Fabricius in response to very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) infection, RNA sequencing was performed to compare the small RNA libraries from uninfected and vvIBDV-infected group which was infected for 3 days. A total of 77 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in BF, of which 42 DE miRNAs were upregulated and 35 DE miRNAs were downregulated. A gene ontology analysis showed that genes associated with cellular processes, cells, and binding were enriched. Moreover, pathway analyses suggested that apoptosis, T cell receptor signaling pathways, and chemokine signaling pathways may be activated following vvIBDV infection. In addition, we predicted the target genes of DE miRNAs and constructed an miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. In total, 189 pairs of miRNA-target genes were identified, comprising 67 DE miRNAs and 73 mRNAs. In this network, gga-miR-1684b-3p was identified with the highest fold change, as well as gga-miR-1788-3p and gga-miR-3530-5p showed a high degree of change. The above three miRNAs were considered to play vital roles in vvIBDV-host interactions. This study was the first to perform a comprehensive analysis of DE miRNAs in the bursa of Fabricius in response to vvIBDV infection, and it provided new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying vvIBDV infection and pathogenesis.
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10
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Poornajaf Y, Dashti F, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Jamali E. Interaction Between Non-Coding RNAs and Interferons: With an Especial Focus on Type I Interferons. Front Immunol 2022; 13:877243. [PMID: 35572537 PMCID: PMC9091820 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a group of cellular proteins with critical roles in the regulation of immune responses in the course of microbial infections. Moreover, expressions of IFNs are dysregulated in autoimmune disorders. IFNs are also a part of immune responses in malignant conditions. The expression of these proteins and activities of related signaling can be influenced by a number of non-coding RNAs. IFN regulatory factors (IRFs) are the most investigated molecules in the field of effects of non-coding RNAs on IFN signaling. These interactions have been best assessed in the context of cancer, revealing the importance of immune function in the pathoetiology of cancer. In addition, IFN-related non-coding RNAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric conditions, systemic sclerosis, Newcastle disease, Sjögren’s syndrome, traumatic brain injury, lupus nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus, and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. In the current review, we describe the role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in the regulation of IFN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Poornajaf
- Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Dashti
- Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Elena Jamali
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Alqazlan N, Emam M, Nagy É, Bridle B, Sargolzaei M, Sharif S. Transcriptomics of chicken cecal tonsils and intestine after infection with low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20462. [PMID: 34650121 PMCID: PMC8517014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause severe respiratory infections in humans and birds, triggering global health concerns and economic burden. Influenza infection is a dynamic process involving complex biological host responses. The objective of this study was to illustrate global biological processes in ileum and cecal tonsils at early time points after chickens were infected with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H9N2 through transcriptome analysis. Total RNA isolated from ileum and cecal tonsils of non-infected and infected layers at 12-, 24- and 72-h post-infection (hpi) was used for mRNA sequencing analyses to characterize differentially expressed genes and overrepresented pathways. Statistical analysis highlighted transcriptomic signatures significantly occurring 24 and 72 hpi, but not earlier at 12 hpi. Interferon (IFN)-inducible and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression was increased, followed by continued expression of various heat-shock proteins (HSP), including HSP60, HSP70, HSP90 and HSP110. Some upregulated genes involved in innate antiviral responses included DDX60, MX1, RSAD2 and CMPK2. The ISG15 antiviral mechanism pathway was highly enriched in ileum and cecal tonsils at 24 hpi. Overall, most affected pathways were related to interferon production and the heat-shock response. Research on these candidate genes and pathways is warranted to decipher underlying mechanisms of immunity against LPAIV in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiyah Alqazlan
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Mehdi Emam
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E7 Canada
| | - Éva Nagy
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Byram Bridle
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Mehdi Sargolzaei
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada ,Select Sires, Inc., Plain City, OH 43064 USA
| | - Shayan Sharif
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
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12
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Li C, Han H, Li X, Wu J, Li X, Niu H, Li W. Analysis of lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA Expression Profiling in Type I IFN and Type II IFN Overexpressed in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages. Int J Genomics 2021; 2021:6666160. [PMID: 34222462 PMCID: PMC8225432 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6666160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Current data is scarce regarding the function of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the interferon- (IFN-) mediated immune response. This is a comprehensive study that analyzes the lncRNA and miRNA expression profiles of the type I IFN and type II IFN in porcine alveolar macrophages using RNA sequencing. There was a total of 152 overexpressed differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 21 DE miRNAs across type I IFN and type II IFN in porcine alveolar macrophages. Subsequent lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network construction revealed the involvement of 36 DE lncRNAs and 12 DE miRNAs. LncRNAs such as the XLOC_211306, XLOC_100516, XLOC_00695, XLOC_149196, and XLOC_014459 were expressed at a higher degree in the type I IFN group, while XLOC_222640, XLOC_047290, XLOC_147777, XLOC_162298, XLOC_220210, and XLOC_165237 were expressed at a higher degree in the type II IFN group. These lncRNAs were found to act as "sponges" for miRNAs such as miR-34a, miR-328, miR-885-3p, miR-149, miR-30c-3p, miR-30b-5p, miR-708-5p, miR-193a-5p, miR-365-5p, and miR-7. Their target genes FADS2, RPS6KA1, PIM1, and NOD1 were found to be associated with several immune-related signaling pathways including the NOD-like receptor, Jak-STAT, mTOR, and PPAR signaling pathways. These experiments provide a comprehensive profile of overexpressed noncoding RNAs in porcine alveolar macrophages, providing new insights regarding the IFN-mediated immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haoyuan Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinfeng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Unconventional Feed Resources Innovative Utilization, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wantao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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13
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Host-virus interactions mediated by long non-coding RNAs. Virus Res 2021; 298:198402. [PMID: 33771610 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate pathogens that cause a wide range of diseases across all kingdoms of life. They have a colossal impact on the economy and healthcare infrastructure world-wide. Plants and animals have developed sophisticated molecular mechanisms to defend themselves against viruses and viruses in turn hijack host mechanisms to ensure their survival inside their hosts. Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs have emerged as important macromolecules that regulate plant-virus and animal-virus interactions. Both pro-viral and anti-viral lncRNAs have been reported and they show immense potential to be used as markers and in therapeutics. The current review is focussed on the recent developments that have been made in viral interactions of animals and plants.
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14
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Li H, Cui P, Fu X, Zhang L, Yan W, Zhai Y, Lei C, Wang H, Yang X. Identification and analysis of long non-coding RNAs and mRNAs in chicken macrophages infected with avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:67. [PMID: 33472590 PMCID: PMC7816148 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a gamma coronavirus that severely affects the poultry industry worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a subset of non-coding RNAs with a length of more than 200 nucleotides, have been recently recognized as pivotal factors in the pathogenesis of viral infections. However, little is known about the function of lncRNAs in host cultured cells in response to IBV infection. RESULTS We used next-generation high throughput sequencing to reveal the expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs in IBV-infected HD11 cells. Compared with the uninfected cells, we identified 153 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs (106 up-regulated mRNAs, 47 down-regulated mRNAs) and 181 DE lncRNAs (59 up-regulated lncRNAs, 122 down-regulated lncRNAs) in IBV-infected HD11 cells. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses indicated that DE mRNAs and lncRNAs were mainly involved in cellular innate immunity, amino acid metabolism, and nucleic acid metabolism. In addition, 2640 novel chicken lncRNAs were identified, and a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNAs) network centered on gga-miR-30d and miR-146a-5p was established. CONCLUSIONS We identified expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs during IBV infection that provided new insights into the pathogenesis of IBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xue Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yaru Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Changwei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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15
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Huang X, Liu W, Zhang J, Liu Z, Wang M, Wang L, Zhou H, Jiang Y, Cui W, Qiao X, Xu Y, Li Y, Tang L. Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus-induced immune injury is involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokines imbalance in the bursa of fabricius. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103839. [PMID: 32898577 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) can cause a highly contagious disease in young chickens, resulting in bursal necrosis that causes severe damage to the immune system. The effects of various IBDV strains on the bursa of Fabricius (BF) have been extensively studied; however, few studies have investigated the effects of IBDV strain LJ-5, a newly discovered very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV), infection on young chicken BF. In this study, three-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were infected with vvIBDV for one to five days. LJ-5 decreased the bursa index, B lymphocyte viability and immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, including IgM and IgA in the bursa and IgY in the sera. Histopathological analysis revealed necrosis and depletion of the lymphoid cells and complete loss of bursal architecture in the BF, and transmission electron microscopy revealed mitochondrial vacuoles, cristae breaks, and nuclear damage in vvIBDV-infected bursa tissue. The number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling-positive nuclei significantly increased following IBDV infection. Cytokine levels increased in the bursa after IBDV infection, promoting inflammation and causing an inflammatory imbalance. Apoptotic gene expression confirmed that vvIBDV infection promotes the apoptosis of bursal cells. These results suggest that vvIBDV infection attenuate immune responses by reducing B lymphocyte activity of secretion Ig in the bursa or sera and triggers inflammation, apoptosis, and an imbalance of inflammatory cytokines in the BF, resulting in immune injury in SPF chickens, which offered basic data for further study of vvIBDV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zengsu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, PR China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, PR China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, PR China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, PR China
| | - Yigang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, PR China
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, PR China
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, PR China.
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16
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Huang X, Zhang J, Liu Z, Wang M, Fan X, Wang L, Zhou H, Jiang Y, Cui W, Qiao X, Xu Y, Li Y, Tang L. Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in chicken bursae of Fabricius during infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:724. [PMID: 33076825 PMCID: PMC7574500 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes acute, highly contagious, immunosuppressive, and lethal infectious disease in young chickens and mainly infects the bursa of Fabricius (BF). To investigate interactions between IBDV and its host, RNA sequencing was applied to analyze the responses of the differentially expressed transcriptional profiles of BF infected by very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV). Results In total, 317 upregulated and 94 downregulated mRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed in infected chickens, compared to controls. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) alterations were identified in IBDV-infected chickens, and significantly different expression was observed in 272 lncRNAs and 143 circRNAs. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed to assess the functions of significantly dysregulated genes, which showed that the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and apoptosis may be activated by IBDV infection. We predicted interactions between differentially expressed genes and produced lncRNA-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulator network. Conclusions The present study identified the expression profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs during vvIBDV infection and provides new insights into the pathogenesis of IBDV and antiviral immunity of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengsu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yigang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China. .,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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17
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LncRNAs in the Type I Interferon Antiviral Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176447. [PMID: 32899429 PMCID: PMC7503479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper functioning of the immune system requires a robust control over a delicate equilibrium between an ineffective response and immune overactivation. Poor responses to viral insults may lead to chronic or overwhelming infection, whereas unrestrained activation can cause autoimmune diseases and cancer. Control over the magnitude and duration of the antiviral immune response is exerted by a finely tuned positive or negative regulation at the DNA, RNA, and protein level of members of the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathways and on the expression and activity of antiviral and proinflammatory factors. As summarized in this review, committed research during the last decade has shown that several of these processes are exquisitely regulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcripts with poor coding capacity, but highly versatile functions. After infection, viruses, and the antiviral response they trigger, deregulate the expression of a subset of specific lncRNAs that function to promote or repress viral replication by inactivating or potentiating the antiviral response, respectively. These IFN-related lncRNAs are also highly tissue- and cell-type-specific, rendering them as promising biomarkers or therapeutic candidates to modulate specific stages of the antiviral immune response with fewer adverse effects.
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