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Artymiuk CJ, Basu S, Koganti T, Tandale P, Balan J, Dina MA, Barr Fritcher EG, Wu X, Ashworth T, He R, Viswanatha DS. Clinical Validation of a Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Panel for Lymphoid Malignancies. J Mol Diagn 2024; 26:583-598. [PMID: 38582399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid malignancies are a heterogeneous group of hematological disorders characterized by a diverse range of morphologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical features. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly being applied to delineate the complex nature of these malignancies and identify high-value biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic benefit. However, there are various challenges in using NGS routinely to characterize lymphoid malignancies, including pre-analytic issues, such as sequencing DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, and optimizing the bioinformatic workflow for accurate variant calling and filtering. This study reports the clinical validation of a custom capture-based NGS panel to test for molecular markers in a range of lymphoproliferative diseases and histiocytic neoplasms. The fully validated clinical assay represents an accurate and sensitive tool for detection of single-nucleotide variants and small insertion/deletion events to facilitate the characterization and management of patients with hematologic cancers specifically of lymphoid origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Artymiuk
- Molecular Hematopathology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Shubham Basu
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tejaswi Koganti
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Michelle A Dina
- Molecular Hematopathology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Xianglin Wu
- Clinical Genome Sequencing Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Taylor Ashworth
- Clinical Genome Sequencing Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rong He
- Hematopathology Division, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Lillo A, Serrano-Marín J, Lillo J, Raïch I, Navarro G, Franco R. Differential Gene Expression in Activated Microglia Treated with Adenosine A 2A Receptor Antagonists Highlights Olfactory Receptor 56 and T-Cell Activation GTPase-Activating Protein 1 as Potential Biomarkers of the Polarization of Activated Microglia. Cells 2023; 12:2213. [PMID: 37759436 PMCID: PMC10526142 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation often accompanies the plastic changes occurring in the brain of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. A2A and A3 adenosine receptors have been proposed as therapeutic targets to combat neurodegeneration. RNAseq was performed using samples isolated from lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ activated microglia treated with SCH 58261, a selective A2A receptor antagonist, and with both SCH 58261 and 2-Cl-IB-MECA, a selective A3 receptor agonist. None of the treatments led to any clear microglial phenotype when gene expression for classical biomarkers of microglial polarization was assessed. However, many of the downregulated genes were directly or indirectly related to immune system-related events. Searching for genes whose expression was both significantly and synergistically affected when treated with the two adenosine receptor ligands, the AC122413.1 and Olfr56 were selected among those that were, respectively, upregulated and downregulated. We therefore propose that the products of these genes, olfactory receptor 56 and T-cell activation GTPase-activating protein 1, deserve attention as potential biomarkers of phenotypes that occur upon microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Lillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.); (J.L.); (I.R.); (G.N.)
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Serrano-Marín
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.); (J.L.); (I.R.); (G.N.)
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Iu Raïch
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.); (J.L.); (I.R.); (G.N.)
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.); (J.L.); (I.R.); (G.N.)
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Li S, Liu C, Tang Y. Role of Fyn in hematological malignancies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04608-2. [PMID: 36754870 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase Fyn is a member of the Src family of kinases. In addition to the wild type, three mRNA splice isoforms of Fyn have been identified; Fyn-B, Fyn-T, and Fyn-C. Fyn-T is highly expressed in T lymphocytes, and its expression level is significantly higher in mature T cells than in immature T cells. The abnormal expression of Fyn is closely related to the metabolism, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells. Recent studies have shown that Fyn is expressed in a variety of tumor tissues, and its expression and function vary among different tumors. In some tumors, Fyn acts as a pro-oncogene to promote tumor proliferation and metastasis. Moreover, Fyn mutations have been detected in many hematological tumors in recent years, suggesting a critical regulatory role of Fyn in the development of malignancies. METHODS This review analyzed the relevant literature in PubMed and other databases. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to systemically review recent research findings on various aspects of Fyn in the pathogenesis and treatment of different types of hematological malignancies and suggests possible future research directions for targeted tumor therapy. CONCLUSION Fyn could be a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target. Treatment option targeting Fyn might be beneficial for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yunlian Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Nakamura S, Kitazawa M, Miyagawa Y, Koyama M, Miyazaki S, Hondo N, Muranaka F, Tokumaru S, Yamamoto Y, Ehara T, Matsumura T, Takeoka M, Soejima Y. RhoA G17E/Vav1 Signaling Induces Cancer Invasion via Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Gastric Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338221146024. [PMID: 36617975 PMCID: PMC9834417 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221146024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RAS homolog family member A (RhoA), a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, and Vav1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho family GTPases, have been reported to activate pathways related to the actin cytoskeleton and regulation of cell shape, attachment, and motility. The interaction between these molecules in lymphoma is involved in malignant signaling, but its function in epithelial malignancy is unknown. Here, we investigated the malignant signal of mutant RhoA in gastric cancer and demonstrated the potential of RhoA G17E/Vav1 as a therapeutic target for diffuse gastric cancer. METHODS The RhoA mutants R5W, G17E, and Y42C were retrovirally transduced into the gastric cancer cell line MKN74. The stably transduced cells were used for morphology, proliferation, and migration/invasion assays in vitro. MKN74 cells stably transduced with ectopic wild-type RhoA and mutant RhoA (G17E) were used in a peritoneal xenograft assay. RESULTS The RhoA mutations G17E and Y42C induced morphological changes in MKN74. G17E induced Vav1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels and promoted the migration and invasion of MKN74. An RNA interference assay of Vav1 revealed that RhoA G17E enhanced cancer cell invasion via Vav1. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation revealed that Vav1 and RhoA G17E specifically bind and function together through matrix metalloproteinase -9. In a peritoneal xenograft model of nude mice, RhoA G17E promoted peritoneal dissemination, whereas Vav1 knockdown suppressed it. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings indicate that RhoA G17E is associated with Vav1 and promoted cancer invasion via matrix metalloproteinase -9 in gastric cancer cells. Thus, RhoA G17E/Vav1 signaling in diffuse gastric cancer may be a useful therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masato Kitazawa
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,Masato Kitazawa, MD, PhD, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1 Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Miyagawa
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Makoto Koyama
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyazaki
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Nao Hondo
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Futoshi Muranaka
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shigeo Tokumaru
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takehito Ehara
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tomio Matsumura
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Michiko Takeoka
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuji Soejima
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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Du J, Jin S, Zhang M, Fu X, Yang J, Zhang L, Chen Z, Huang Z, Li W, Hou J, Wang T. Precise diagnosis and targeted therapy of nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma (T-FHCL). Front Oncol 2023; 13:1163190. [PMID: 37188182 PMCID: PMC10175683 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1163190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma (T-FHCL) derived from T-follicular helper (Tfh) cell falls into a heterogeneous category of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). Due to the limited number of therapeutic regimens and limited first-line efficacy, T-FHCL has a poor prognosis, and there is an urgent need for effective targeted therapies. With advancements in sequencing technologies, especially single-cell sequencing and next-generation sequencing, more specific genetic aberrations characteristic of T-FHCL can be discovered, allowing for precise molecular diagnosis and specific research on novel agents. Many biomarker-targeting agents, used either alone or in combination, have been tested, and they have generally enhanced the therapeutic outcomes of T-FHCL. Histone deacetylase inhibitors achieve significant clinical benefits in the treatment of T-FHCL, especially in combination therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T-cell) immunotherapies, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and other potential agents merit further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Du
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shikai Jin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehang Fu
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenwei Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zoufang Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Weisong Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Wang, ; Jian Hou, ; Weisong Li,
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Wang, ; Jian Hou, ; Weisong Li,
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Wang, ; Jian Hou, ; Weisong Li,
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VAV1 mutations contribute to development of T-cell neoplasms in mice. Blood 2021; 136:3018-3032. [PMID: 32992343 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the Vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (VAV1) gene are reported in various subtypes of mature T-cell neoplasms (TCNs). However, oncogenic activities associated with VAV1 mutations in TCNs remain unclear. To define them, we established transgenic mice expressing VAV1 mutants cloned from human TCNs. Although we observed no tumors in these mice for up to a year, tumors did develop in comparably aged mice on a p53-null background (p53-/-VAV1-Tg), and p53-/-VAV1-Tg mice died with shorter latencies than did p53-null (p53-/-) mice. Notably, various TCNs with tendency of maturation developed in p53-/-VAV1-Tg mice, whereas p53-/- mice exhibited only immature TCNs. Mature TCNs in p53-/-VAV1-Tg mice mimicked a subtype of human peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL-GATA3) and exhibited features of type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. Phenotypes seen following transplantation of either p53-/-VAV1 or p53-/- tumor cells into nude mice were comparable, indicating cell-autonomous tumor-initiating capacity. Whole-transcriptome analysis showed enrichment of multiple Myc-related pathways in TCNs from p53-/-VAV1-Tg mice relative to p53-/- or wild-type T cells. Remarkably, amplification of the Myc locus was found recurrently in TCNs of p53-/-VAV1-Tg mice. Finally, treatment of nude mice transplanted with p53-/-VAV1-Tg tumor cells with JQ1, a bromodomain inhibitor that targets the Myc pathway, prolonged survival of mice. We conclude that VAV1 mutations function in malignant transformation of T cells in vivo and that VAV1-mutant-expressing mice could provide an efficient tool for screening new therapeutic targets in TCNs harboring these mutations.
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7
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Fiore D, Cappelli LV, Broccoli A, Zinzani PL, Chan WC, Inghirami G. Peripheral T cell lymphomas: from the bench to the clinic. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:323-342. [PMID: 32249838 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of orphan neoplasms. Despite the introduction of anthracycline-based chemotherapy protocols, with or without autologous haematopoietic transplantation and a plethora of new agents, the progression-free survival of patients with PTCLs needs to be improved. The rarity of these neoplasms, the limited knowledge of their driving defects and the lack of experimental models have impaired clinical successes. This scenario is now rapidly changing with the discovery of a spectrum of genomic defects that hijack essential signalling pathways and foster T cell transformation. This knowledge has led to new genomic-based stratifications, which are being used to establish objective diagnostic criteria, more effective risk assessment and target-based interventions. The integration of genomic and functional data has provided the basis for targeted therapies and immunological approaches that underlie individual tumour vulnerabilities. Fortunately, novel therapeutic strategies can now be rapidly tested in preclinical models and effectively translated to the clinic by means of well-designed clinical trials. We believe that by combining new targeted agents with immune regulators and chimeric antigen receptor-expressing natural killer and T cells, the overall survival of patients with PTCLs will dramatically increase.
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MESH Headings
- Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/metabolism
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Mutation
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Fiore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luca Vincenzo Cappelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Broccoli
- Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Shin W, Mun S, Choi S, Han K. Application of NanoString technologies in angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:485-494. [PMID: 32146712 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an aggressive disease. Most cancer diagnoses are determined by anatomical histology. Therefore, many samples are stored in FFPE blocks for H&E staining. However, RNAs extracted from the FFPE block have a high level of fragmentation, making it difficult to perform accurate DEG analysis using RNA sequencing. OBJECTIVE To overcome fragmented RNA's drawback in NGS application, we applied the NanoString nCounter® technique of hybridization method that can be used for DEG analysis without PCR amplification. METHODS We characterized the gene expression profiling of AITLs though transcriptome analysis based on the nCounter® PanCancer IO 360™ Panel and NanoString platform. To perform the analysis of differential expression gene (DEG) profiles in AITLs, we compared the NanoString data from eight AITL patients with a healthy control donor. RESULTS Ninety-one genes were up-regulated and six genes were down-regulated in AITLs compared to control. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of 97-DEGs revealed that they were closely related to cytokine, MAPK cascade, leukocyte differentiation, and immune response, suggesting that this affect the immune system. In addition, KEGG analysis revealed that AITL DEGs were found to be highly involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION We believe that comprehensive multiplex studies, along with NanoString analysis, may be helpful to understand the molecular mechanisms of AITL, including mutations, gene expression, and protein expression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonseok Shin
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Mun
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkyu Choi
- Department of Pathology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Zhou Y, Xu Z, Lin W, Duan Y, Lu C, Liu W, Su W, Yan Y, Liu H, Liu L, Zhong M, Zhou J, Zhu H. Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of EBV-Positive Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma and the Expression and Clinicopathological Correlations of Some Related Genes. Front Oncol 2019; 9:683. [PMID: 31403034 PMCID: PMC6669985 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (EBV+ DLBCL) is a rare type of lymphoma with a high incidence in elderly patients, poor drug response, and unfavorable prognosis. Despite advances in genomic profiling and precision medicine in DLBCL, EBV+ DLBCL remain poorly characterized and understood. We include 236 DLBCL patients for EBV-encoded mRNA (EBER) in situ hybridization detection and analyzed 9 EBV+ and 6 EBV negative cases by next-generation sequencing (NGS). We then performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to analyze chromosome rearrangements and gene expressions in 22 EBV+ and 30 EBV negative cases. The EBER results showed a 9.3% (22/236) positive rate. The NGS results revealed recurrent alterations in MYC and RHOA, components of apoptosis and NF-κB pathways. The most frequently mutated genes in EBV+ DLBCL were MYC (3/9; 33.3%), RHOA (3/9; 33.3%), PIM1 (2/9; 22.2%), MEF2B (2/9; 22.2%), MYD88 (2/9; 22.2%), and CD79B (2/9; 22.2%) compared with KMT2D (4/6; 66.7%), CREBBP (3/6; 50.0%), PIM1 (2/6; 33.3%), TNFAIP3 (2/6; 33.3%), and BCL2 (2/6; 33.3%) in EBV-negative DLBCL. MYC and KMT2D alterations stood out the most differently mutated genes between the two groups. FISH detection displayed a lower rearrangement rate in EBV+ cohort. Furthermore, KMT2D expression was highly expressed and associated with poor survival in both cohorts. MYC was only overexpressed and related to an inferior prognosis in the EBV+ DLBCL cohort. In summary, we depicted a distinct mutation profile for EBV+ and EBV-negative DLBCL and validated the differential expression of KMT2D and MYC with potential prognostic influence, thereby providing new perspectives into the pathogenesis and precision medicine of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangying Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yumei Duan
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Lu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiping Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meizuo Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Recurrent MSC E116K mutations in ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Blood 2019; 133:2776-2789. [PMID: 31101622 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) represent a relatively common group of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (T-NHLs) that are unified by similar pathologic features but demonstrate marked genetic heterogeneity. ALCLs are broadly classified as being anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ or ALK-, based on the presence or absence of ALK rearrangements. Exome sequencing of 62 T-NHLs identified a previously unreported recurrent mutation in the musculin gene, MSC E116K, exclusively in ALK- ALCLs. Additional sequencing for a total of 238 T-NHLs confirmed the specificity of MSC E116K for ALK- ALCL and further demonstrated that 14 of 15 mutated cases (93%) had coexisting DUSP22 rearrangements. Musculin is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that heterodimerizes with other bHLH proteins to regulate lymphocyte development. The E116K mutation localized to the DNA binding domain of musculin and permitted formation of musculin-bHLH heterodimers but prevented their binding to authentic target sequence. Functional analysis showed MSCE116K acted in a dominant-negative fashion, reversing wild-type musculin-induced repression of MYC and cell cycle inhibition. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and transcriptome analysis identified the cell cycle regulatory gene E2F2 as a direct transcriptional target of musculin. MSCE116K reversed E2F2-induced cell cycle arrest and promoted expression of the CD30-IRF4-MYC axis, whereas its expression was reciprocally induced by binding of IRF4 to the MSC promoter. Finally, ALCL cells expressing MSC E116K were preferentially targeted by the BET inhibitor JQ1. These findings identify a novel recurrent MSC mutation as a key driver of the CD30-IRF4-MYC axis and cell cycle progression in a unique subset of ALCLs.
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11
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Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) is a tumor suppressor in T cell lymphoma. Nat Med 2018; 25:130-140. [PMID: 30510251 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In T lymphocytes, the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP) and WASP-interacting-protein (WIP) regulate T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling, but their role in lymphoma is largely unknown. Here we show that the expression of WASP and WIP is frequently low or absent in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) compared to other T cell lymphomas. In anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+) ALCL, WASP and WIP expression is regulated by ALK oncogenic activity via its downstream mediators STAT3 and C/EBP-β. ALK+ lymphomas were accelerated in WASP- and WIP-deficient mice. In the absence of WASP, active GTP-bound CDC42 was increased and the genetic deletion of one CDC42 allele was sufficient to impair lymphoma growth. WASP-deficient lymphoma showed increased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation that could be exploited as a therapeutic vulnerability. Our findings demonstrate that WASP and WIP are tumor suppressors in T cell lymphoma and suggest that MAP-kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors combined with ALK inhibitors could achieve a more potent therapeutic effect in ALK+ ALCL.
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Robles-Valero J, Lorenzo-Martín LF, Fernández-Pisonero I, Bustelo XR. Rho guanosine nucleotide exchange factors are not such bad guys after all in cancer a. Small GTPases 2018; 11:233-239. [PMID: 29313423 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2018.1423851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GDP/GTP exchange factors (GEFs), the enzymes that trigger the stimulation of Rho GTPases during cell signaling, are widely deemed as potential therapeutic targets owing to their protumorigenic functions. However, the sparse use of animal models has precluded a full understanding of their pathophysiological roles at the organismal level. In a recent article in Cancer Cell, we have reported that the Vav1 GEF unexpectedly acts as a tumor suppressor by mediating the noncatalytic nucleation of cytoplasmic complexes between the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b and the active Notch1 intracellular domain (ICN1). These complexes favor the ubiquitinylation-mediated degradation of ICN1 in the proteosome and, therefore, the dampening of ICN1 signals in cells. The elimination of Vav1 in mice exacerbates ICN1 signaling in specific thymocyte subpopulations and, in collaboration with ancillary mutations, prompts the development of ICN1-driven T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). This new Vav1-dependent pathway antagonizes the fitness of T-ALL of the TLX+ clinical subtype in humans. As a result, VAV1 is found recurrently silenced in both TLX+ T-ALL cell lines and patients. These results call for an overall reevaluation of Rho GEF function in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Robles-Valero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
| | - L Francisco Lorenzo-Martín
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Fernández-Pisonero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
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Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ, Lim MS. New Insights into Lymphoma Pathogenesis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2017; 13:193-217. [PMID: 29140757 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lymphomas represent clonal proliferations of lymphocytes that are broadly classified based upon their maturity (peripheral or mature versus precursor) and lineage (B cell, T cell, and natural killer cell). Insights into the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in lymphoma impact the classification of lymphoma and have significant implications for the diagnosis and clinical management of patients. Serial scientific and technologic advances over the last 30 years in immunology, cytogenetics, molecular biology, gene expression profiling, mass spectrometry-based proteomics, and, more recently, next-generation sequencing have contributed to greatly enhance our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms in lymphoma. Novel and emerging concepts that challenge our previously accepted paradigms about lymphoma biology and how these impact diagnosis, molecular testing, disease monitoring, drug development, and personalized and precision medicine for lymphoma are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojo S J Elenitoba-Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , .,Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Megan S Lim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , .,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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TCR-CXCR4 signaling stabilizes cytokine mRNA transcripts via a PREX1-Rac1 pathway: implications for CTCL. Blood 2017; 130:982-994. [PMID: 28694325 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-03-770982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As with many immunopathologically driven diseases, the malignant T cells of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs), such as Sézary syndrome, display aberrant cytokine secretion patterns that contribute to pathology and disease progression. Targeting this disordered release of cytokines is complicated by the changing cytokine milieu that drives the phenotypic changes of CTCLs. Here, we characterize a novel signaling pathway that can be targeted to inhibit the secretion of cytokines by modulating either CXCR4 or CXCR4-mediated signaling. We demonstrate that upon ligation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR), the TCR associates with and transactivates CXCR4 via phosphorylation of S339-CXCR4 in order to activate a PREX1-Rac1-signaling pathway that stabilizes interleukin-2(IL-2), IL-4, and IL-10 messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts. Pharmacologic inhibition of either TCR-CXCR4 complex formation or PREX1-Rac1 signaling in primary human T cells decreased mRNA stability and inhibited secretion of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10. Applying this knowledge to Sézary syndrome, we demonstrate that targeting various aspects of this signaling pathway blocks both TCR-dependent and TCR-independent cytokine secretion from a Sézary syndrome-derived cell line and patient isolates. Together, these results identify multiple aspects of a novel TCR-CXCR4-signaling pathway that could be targeted to inhibit the aberrant cytokine secretion that drives the immunopathogenesis of Sézary syndrome and other immunopathological diseases.
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