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Zhang F, Ma Y, Li D, Wei J, Chen K, Zhang E, Liu G, Chu X, Liu X, Liu W, Tian X, Yang Y. Cancer associated fibroblasts and metabolic reprogramming: unraveling the intricate crosstalk in tumor evolution. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:80. [PMID: 39223656 PMCID: PMC11367794 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming provides tumors with an energy source and biofuel to support their survival in the malignant microenvironment. Extensive research into the intrinsic oncogenic mechanisms of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has established that cancer-associated fibroblast (CAFs) and metabolic reprogramming regulates tumor progression through numerous biological activities, including tumor immunosuppression, chronic inflammation, and ecological niche remodeling. Specifically, immunosuppressive TME formation is promoted and mediators released via CAFs and multiple immune cells that collectively support chronic inflammation, thereby inducing pre-metastatic ecological niche formation, and ultimately driving a vicious cycle of tumor proliferation and metastasis. This review comprehensively explores the process of CAFs and metabolic regulation of the dynamic evolution of tumor-adapted TME, with particular focus on the mechanisms by which CAFs promote the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and support metastasis. Existing findings confirm that multiple components of the TME act cooperatively to accelerate the progression of tumor events. The potential applications and challenges of targeted therapies based on CAFs in the clinical setting are further discussed in the context of advancing research related to CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yongsu Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Dongqi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jianlei Wei
- Key laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, 154007, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Enkui Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Guangnian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiangyu Chu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Weikang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yinmo Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Zeng W, Liu H, Mao Y, Jiang S, Yi H, Zhang Z, Wang M, Zong Z. Myeloid‑derived suppressor cells: Key immunosuppressive regulators and therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 65:85. [PMID: 39054950 PMCID: PMC11299769 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer. CRC has no apparent symptoms in the early stages of disease, and most patients receive a confirmed diagnosis in the middle or late disease stages. The incidence of CRC continues to increase, and the affected population tends to be younger. Therefore, determining how to achieve an early CRC diagnosis and treatment has become a top priority for prolonging patient survival. Myeloid‑derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of bone marrow‑derived immuno‑negative regulatory cells that are divided into two subpopulations, polymorphonuclear‑MDSCs and monocytic‑MDSCs, based on their phenotypic similarities to neutrophils and monocytes, respectively. These cells can inhibit the immune response and promote cancer cell metastasis in the tumour microenvironment (TME). A large aggregation of MDSCs in the TME is often a marker of cancer and a poor prognosis in inflammatory diseases of the intestine (such as colonic adenoma and ulcerative colitis). In the present review, the phenotypic classification of MDSCs in the CRC microenvironment are first discussed. Then, the amplification, role and metastatic mechanism of MDSCs in the CRC TME are described, focusing on genes, gene modifications, proteins and the intestinal microenvironment. Finally, the progress in CRC‑targeted therapies that aim to modulate the quantity, function and structure of MDSCs are summarized in the hope of identifying potential screening markers for CRC and improving CRC prognosis and therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- HuanKui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Haohan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhao Mao
- Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shihao Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zitong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- HuanKui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Menghui Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- HuanKui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Magne B, Ferland K, Savard É, Barbier MA, Morissette A, Larouche D, Beaudoin-Cloutier C, Germain L. The Human Neonatal Skin Fibroblast, an Available Cell Source for Tissue Production and Transplantation, Exhibits Low Risk of Immunogenicity In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6965. [PMID: 39000078 PMCID: PMC11241615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity of allogeneic skin fibroblasts in transplantation has been controversial. Whether this controversy comes from a natural heterogeneity among fibroblast subsets or species-specific differences between human and mouse remains to be addressed. In this study, we sought to investigate whether fibroblasts derived from either adult or neonatal human skin tissues could induce different immune responses toward phagocytosis and T cell activation using in vitro co-culture models. Our results indicate that both phagocytosis and T cell proliferation are reduced in the presence of neonatal skin fibroblasts compared to adult skin fibroblasts. We also show that neonatal skin fibroblasts secrete paracrine factors that are responsible for reduced T cell proliferation. In addition, we show that neonatal skin fibroblasts express less class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules than adult skin fibroblasts after interferon gamma priming, which might also contribute to reduced T cell proliferation. In conclusion, this study supports the use of allogeneic neonatal skin fibroblasts as a readily available cell source for tissue production and transplantation to treat patients with severe injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Magne
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec City, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
| | - Karel Ferland
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec City, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
| | - Étienne Savard
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec City, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
| | - Martin A. Barbier
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec City, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
| | - Amélie Morissette
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec City, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
| | - Danielle Larouche
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec City, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
| | - Chanel Beaudoin-Cloutier
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec City, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
- Burn Care Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Hospital, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec City, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
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Sánchez-Ramírez D, Mendoza-Rodríguez MG, Alemán OR, Candanedo-González FA, Rodríguez-Sosa M, Montesinos-Montesinos JJ, Salcedo M, Brito-Toledo I, Vaca-Paniagua F, Terrazas LI. Impact of STAT-signaling pathway on cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer and its role in immunosuppression. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1705-1724. [PMID: 38764833 PMCID: PMC11099434 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most commonly diagnosed and deadliest types of cancer worldwide. CRC displays a desmoplastic reaction (DR) that has been inversely associated with poor prognosis; less DR is associated with a better prognosis. This reaction generates excessive connective tissue, in which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical cells that form a part of the tumor microenvironment. CAFs are directly involved in tumorigenesis through different mechanisms. However, their role in immunosuppression in CRC is not well understood, and the precise role of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) in mediating CAF activity in CRC remains unclear. Among the myriad chemical and biological factors that affect CAFs, different cytokines mediate their function by activating STAT signaling pathways. Thus, the harmful effects of CAFs in favoring tumor growth and invasion may be modulated using STAT inhibitors. Here, we analyze the impact of different STATs on CAF activity and their immunoregulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Sánchez-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mónica G Mendoza-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Omar R Alemán
- Department of Biology, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Fernando A Candanedo-González
- Department of Pathology, National Medical Center Century XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Investigacion en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Juan José Montesinos-Montesinos
- Laboratorio de Células Troncales Mesenquimales, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Salcedo
- Unidad de Investigacion en Biomedicina y Oncologia Genomica, Instituto Mexciano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 07300, Mexico
| | - Ismael Brito-Toledo
- Servicio de Colon y Recto, Hospital de Oncología Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vaca-Paniagua
- Unidad de Investigacion en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luis I Terrazas
- Unidad de Investigacion en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
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Yang EL, Sun ZJ. Nanomedicine Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Enhances Anti-Tumor Immunity. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303294. [PMID: 38288864 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, a field within immunology that aims to enhance the host's anti-cancer immune response, frequently encounters challenges associated with suboptimal response rates. The presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), crucial constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME), exacerbates this issue by fostering immunosuppression and impeding T cell differentiation and maturation. Consequently, targeting MDSCs has emerged as crucial for immunotherapy aimed at enhancing anti-tumor responses. The development of nanomedicines specifically designed to target MDSCs aims to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy by transforming immunosuppressive tumors into ones more responsive to immune intervention. This review provides a detailed overview of MDSCs in the TME and current strategies targeting these cells. Also the benefits of nanoparticle-assisted drug delivery systems, including design flexibility, efficient drug loading, and protection against enzymatic degradation, are highlighted. It summarizes advances in nanomedicine targeting MDSCs, covering enhanced treatment efficacy, safety, and modulation of the TME, laying the groundwork for more potent cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
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Zheng J, Hao H. The importance of cancer-associated fibroblasts in targeted therapies and drug resistance in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1333839. [PMID: 38273859 PMCID: PMC10810416 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1333839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a substantial role in the tumor microenvironment, exhibiting a strong association with the advancement of various types of cancer, including breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. CAFs represent the most abundant mesenchymal cell population in breast cancer. Through diverse mechanisms, including the release of cytokines and exosomes, CAFs contribute to the progression of breast cancer by influencing tumor energy metabolism, promoting angiogenesis, impairing immune cell function, and remodeling the extracellular matrix. Moreover, CAFs considerably impact the response to treatment in breast cancer. Consequently, the development of interventions targeting CAFs has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in the management of breast cancer. This article provides an analysis of the role of CAFs in breast cancer, specifically in relation to diagnosis, treatment, drug resistance, and prognosis. The paper succinctly outlines the diverse mechanisms through which CAFs contribute to the malignant behavior of breast cancer cells, including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the potential of CAFs as valuable tools for early diagnosis, targeted therapy, treatment resistance, and prognosis assessment in breast cancer, thereby offering novel approaches for targeted therapy and overcoming treatment resistance in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hua Hao
- Department of Pathology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Deliktas O, Gedik ME, Koc I, Gunaydin G, Kiratli H. Modulation of AMPK Significantly Alters Uveal Melanoma Tumor Cell Viability. Ophthalmic Res 2023; 66:1230-1244. [PMID: 37647867 PMCID: PMC10614466 DOI: 10.1159/000533806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uveal melanoma (UM) responds poorly to targeted therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a pivotal serine/threonine protein kinase that coordinates vital processes such as cell growth. Targeting AMPK pathway, which represents a critical mechanism mediating the survival of UM cells, may prove to be a novel treatment strategy for UM. We aimed to demonstrate the effects of AMPK modulation on UM cells. METHODS In silico analyses were performed to compare UM and normal melanocyte cells via Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The effects of AMPK modulation on cell viability and proliferation in UM cell lines with different molecular profiles (i.e., 92-1, MP46, OMM2.5, and Mel270) were investigated via XTT cell viability and proliferation assays after treating the cells with varying concentrations of A-769662 (AMPK activator) or dorsomorphin (AMPK inhibitor). RESULTS KEGG/GSEA studies demonstrated that genes implicated in the AMPK signaling pathway were differentially regulated in UM. Gene sets comprising genes involved in AMPK signaling and genes involved in energy-dependent regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin by liver kinase B1-AMPK were downregulated in UM. We observed gradual decreases in the numbers of viable UM cells as the concentration of A-769662 treatment increased. All UM cells demonstrated statistically significant decreases in cell viability when treated with 200 µm A-769662. Moreover, the effects of AMPK inhibition on UM cells were potent, since low doses of dorsomorphin treatment resulted in significant decreases in viabilities of UM cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values confirmed the potency of dorsomorphin treatment against UM in vitro. CONCLUSION AMPK may act like a friend or a foe in cancer depending on the context. As such, the current study contributes to the literature in determining the effects of therapeutic strategies targeting AMPK in several UM cells. We propose a new perspective in the treatment of UM. Targeting AMPK pathway may open up new avenues in developing novel therapeutic approaches to improve overall survival in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Deliktas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bursa City Hospital, Nilufer, Turkey
| | - M. Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irem Koc
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hayyam Kiratli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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Wu Y, Song Y, Wang R, Wang T. Molecular mechanisms of tumor resistance to radiotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:96. [PMID: 37322433 PMCID: PMC10268375 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the most prevalent cause of death globally, and radiotherapy is considered the standard of care for most solid tumors, including lung, breast, esophageal, and colorectal cancers and glioblastoma. Resistance to radiation can lead to local treatment failure and even cancer recurrence. MAIN BODY In this review, we have extensively discussed several crucial aspects that cause resistance of cancer to radiation therapy, including radiation-induced DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis escape, abundance of cancer stem cells, modification of cancer cells and their microenvironment, presence of exosomal and non-coding RNA, metabolic reprogramming, and ferroptosis. We aim to focus on the molecular mechanisms of cancer radiotherapy resistance in relation to these aspects and to discuss possible targets to improve treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Studying the molecular mechanisms responsible for radiotherapy resistance and its interactions with the tumor environment will help improve cancer responses to radiotherapy. Our review provides a foundation to identify and overcome the obstacles to effective radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042 Liaoning Province China
- School of Graduate, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 China
| | - Yingqiu Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042 Liaoning Province China
| | - Runze Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042 Liaoning Province China
- School of Graduate, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 China
| | - Tianlu Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042 Liaoning Province China
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 China
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Zaki MSA, Eldeen MA, Abdulsahib WK, Shati AA, Alqahtani YA, Al-Qahtani SM, Otifi HM, Asiri A, Hassan HM, Emam Mohammed Ahmed H, Dawood SA, Negm A, Eid RA. A Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Analysis Identifies CEP55 as a Potential Oncogene and Novel Therapeutic Target. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:1613. [PMID: 37175004 PMCID: PMC10178510 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging research findings have shown that a centrosomal protein (CEP55) is a potential oncogene in numerous human malignancies. Nevertheless, no pan-cancer analysis has been conducted to investigate the various aspects and behavior of this oncogene in different human cancerous tissues. Numerous databases were investigated to conduct a detailed analysis of CEP55. Initially, we evaluated the expression of CEP55 in several types of cancers and attempted to find the correlation between that and the stage of the examined malignancies. Then, we conducted a survival analysis to determine the relationship between CEP55 overexpression in malignancies and the patient's survival. Furthermore, we examined the genetic alteration forms and the methylation status of this oncogene. Additionally, the interference of CEP55 expression with immune cell infiltration, the response to various chemotherapeutic agents, and the putative molecular mechanism of CEP55 in tumorigenesis were investigated. The current study found that CEP55 was upregulated in cancerous tissues versus normal controls where this upregulation was correlated with a poor prognosis in multiple forms of human cancers. Additionally, it influenced the level of different immune cell infiltration and several chemokines levels in the tumor microenvironment in addition to the response to several antitumor drugs. Herein, we provide an in-depth understanding of the oncogenic activities of CEP55, identifying it as a possible predictive marker as well as a specific target for developing anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Cell Biology, Histology & Genetics Division, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Waleed K. Abdulsahib
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Farahidi University, Baghdad 00965, Iraq
| | - Ayed A. Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef A. Alqahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh M. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan M. Otifi
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwag Asiri
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham M. Hassan
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Samy A. Dawood
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Negm
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Refaat A. Eid
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
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Cotner M, Meng S, Jost T, Gardner A, De Santiago C, Brock A. Integration of quantitative methods and mathematical approaches for the modeling of cancer cell proliferation dynamics. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C247-C262. [PMID: 36503241 PMCID: PMC9886359 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00185.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Physiological processes rely on the control of cell proliferation, and the dysregulation of these processes underlies various pathological conditions, including cancer. Mathematical modeling can provide new insights into the complex regulation of cell proliferation dynamics. In this review, we first examine quantitative experimental approaches for measuring cell proliferation dynamics in vitro and compare the various types of data that can be obtained in these settings. We then explore the toolbox of common mathematical modeling frameworks that can describe cell behavior, dynamics, and interactions of proliferation. We discuss how these wet-laboratory studies may be integrated with different mathematical modeling approaches to aid the interpretation of the results and to enable the prediction of cell behaviors, specifically in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cotner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Sarah Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Tyler Jost
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Andrea Gardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Carolina De Santiago
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Amy Brock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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11
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Wang J, Liu T, Huang T, Shang M, Wang X. The mechanisms on evasion of anti-tumor immune responses in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:943806. [PMID: 36439472 PMCID: PMC9686275 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.943806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system and the tumor have been at each other's throats for so long that the neoplasm has learned to avoid detection and avoid being attacked, which is called immune evasion. Malignant tumors, such as gastric cancer (GC), share the ability to evade the body's immune system as a defining feature. Immune evasion includes alterations to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), antigen presentation mechanisms (APMs), and the tumor microenvironment (TME). While TAA and APM are simpler in nature, they both involve mutations or epigenetic regulation of genes. The TME is comprised of numerous cell types, cytokines, chemokines and extracellular matrix, any one of which might be altered to have an effect on the surrounding ecosystem. The NF-kB, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hippo and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways are all associated with gastric cancer tumor immune evasion. In this review, we will delineate the functions of these pathways in immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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12
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Davodabadi F, Sarhadi M, Arabpour J, Sargazi S, Rahdar A, Díez-Pascual AM. Breast cancer vaccines: New insights into immunomodulatory and nano-therapeutic approaches. J Control Release 2022; 349:844-875. [PMID: 35908621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is known to be a highly heterogeneous disease that is clinically subdivided into four primary molecular subtypes, each having distinct morphology and clinical implications. These subtypes are principally defined by hormone receptors and other proteins involved (or not involved) in BC development. BC therapeutic vaccines [including peptide-based vaccines, protein-based vaccines, nucleic acid-based vaccines (DNA/RNA vaccines), bacterial/viral-based vaccines, and different immune cell-based vaccines] have emerged as an appealing class of cancer immunotherapeutics when used alone or combined with other immunotherapies. Employing the immune system to eliminate BC cells is a novel therapeutic modality. The benefit of active immunotherapies is that they develop protection against neoplastic tissue and readjust the immune system to an anti-tumor monitoring state. Such immunovaccines have not yet shown effectiveness for BC treatment in clinical trials. In recent years, nanomedicines have opened new windows to increase the effectiveness of vaccinations to treat BC. In this context, some nanoplatforms have been designed to efficiently deliver molecular, cellular, or subcellular vaccines to BC cells, increasing the efficacy and persistence of anti-tumor immunity while minimizing undesirable side effects. Immunostimulatory nano-adjuvants, liposomal-based vaccines, polymeric vaccines, virus-like particles, lipid/calcium/phosphate nanoparticles, chitosan-derived nanostructures, porous silicon microparticles, and selenium nanoparticles are among the newly designed nanostructures that have been used to facilitate antigen internalization and presentation by antigen-presenting cells, increase antigen stability, enhance vaccine antigenicity and remedial effectivity, promote antigen escape from the endosome, improve cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, and produce humoral immune responses in BC cells. Here, we summarized the existing subtypes of BC and shed light on immunomodulatory and nano-therapeutic strategies for BC vaccination. Finally, we reviewed ongoing clinical trials on BC vaccination and highlighted near-term opportunities for moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Davodabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
| | - Javad Arabpour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran.
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran.
| | - Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Synergistic effects of radiotherapy and targeted immunotherapy in improving tumor treatment efficacy: a review. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2022; 24:2255-2271. [PMID: 35913663 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT), unlike chemotherapy, is one of the most routinely used and effective genotoxic and immune response inducing cancer therapies with an advantage of reduced side effects. However, cancer can relapse after RT owing to multiple factors, including acquired tumor resistance, immune suppressive microenvironment buildup, increased DNA repair, thus favoring tumor metastasis. Efforts to mitigate these undesirable effects have drawn interest in combining RT with immunotherapy, particularly the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, to tilt the pre-existing tumor stromal microenvironment into long-lasting therapy-induced antitumor immunity at multiple metastatic sites (abscopal effects). This multimodal therapeutic strategy can alleviate the increased T cell priming and decrease tumor growth and metastasis, thus emerging as a significant approach to sustain as long-term antitumor immunity. To understand more about this synergism, a detailed cellular mechanism underlying the dynamic interaction between tumor and immune cells within the irradiated tumor microenvironment needs to be explored. Hence, in the present review, we have attempted to evaluate various RT-inducible immune factors, which can be targeted by immunotherapy and provide detailed explanation to optimally maximize their synergy with immunotherapy for long-lasting antitumor immunity. Moreover, we have critically assessed various combinatorial approaches along with their challenges and described strategies to modify them in addition to providing approaches for optimal synergistic effects of the combination.
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14
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Joshi S, Sharabi A. Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells to enhance natural killer cell-based immunotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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15
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Yahsi B, Gunaydin G. Immunometabolism - The Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acids. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886822. [PMID: 35812393 PMCID: PMC9259854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism has been the focus of extensive research over the last years, especially in terms of augmenting anti-tumor immune responses. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of CD4+ T cells, which have been known for their immunosuppressive roles in various conditions including anti-tumor immune responses. Even though several studies aimed to target Tregs in the tumor microenvironment (TME), such approaches generally result in the inhibition of the Tregs non-specifically, which may cause immunopathologies such as autoimmunity. Therefore, specifically targeting the Tregs in the TME would be vital in terms of achieving a successful and specific treatment. Recently, an association between Tregs and isoleucine, which represents one type of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), has been demonstrated. The presence of isoleucine seems to affect majorly Tregs, rather than conventional T cells. Considering the fact that Tregs bear several distinct metabolic features in the TME, targeting their immunometabolic pathways may be a rational approach. In this Review, we provide a general overview on the potential distinct metabolic features of T cells, especially focusing on BCAAs in Tregs as well as in their subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkay Yahsi
- School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Saw PE, Chen J, Song E. Targeting CAFs to overcome anticancer therapeutic resistance. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:527-555. [PMID: 35331673 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The view of cancer as a tumor cell-centric disease is now replaced by our understanding of the interconnection and dependency of tumor stroma. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most abundant stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), are involved in anticancer therapeutic resistance. As we unearth more solid evidence on the link between CAFs and tumor progression, we gain insight into the role of CAFs in establishing resistance to cancer therapies. Herein, we review the origin, heterogeneity, and function of CAFs, with a focus on how CAF subsets can be used as biomarkers and can contribute to therapeutic resistance in cancer. We also depict current breakthroughs in targeting CAFs to overcome anticancer therapeutic resistance and discuss emerging CAF-targeting modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Erwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China; Fountain-Valley Institute for Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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17
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Navarro-Ocón A, Blaya-Cánovas JL, López-Tejada A, Blancas I, Sánchez-Martín RM, Garrido MJ, Griñán-Lisón C, Calahorra J, Cara FE, Ruiz-Cabello F, Marchal JA, Aptsiauri N, Granados-Principal S. Nanomedicine as a Promising Tool to Overcome Immune Escape in Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:505. [PMID: 35335881 PMCID: PMC8950730 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy and leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Despite the current revolutionary advances in the field of cancer immunotherapy, clinical response in breast cancer is frequently below expectations, in part due to various mechanisms of cancer immune escape that produce tumor variants that are resistant to treatment. Thus, a further understanding of the molecular events underlying immune evasion in breast cancer may guarantee a significant improvement in the clinical success of immunotherapy. Furthermore, nanomedicine provides a promising opportunity to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy by improving the delivery, retention and release of immunostimulatory agents in targeted cells and tumor tissues. Hence, it can be used to overcome tumor immune escape and increase tumor rejection in numerous malignancies, including breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the current status and emerging trends in nanomedicine-based strategies targeting cancer immune evasion and modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, including the inhibition of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor area, the activation of dendritic cells and the stimulation of the specific antitumor T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Navarro-Ocón
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.N.-O.); (J.L.B.-C.); (A.L.-T.); (R.M.S.-M.); (C.G.-L.); (J.C.); (F.E.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (I.B.); (F.R.-C.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Jose L. Blaya-Cánovas
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.N.-O.); (J.L.B.-C.); (A.L.-T.); (R.M.S.-M.); (C.G.-L.); (J.C.); (F.E.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (I.B.); (F.R.-C.); (J.A.M.)
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaen, 23007 Jaen, Spain
| | - Araceli López-Tejada
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.N.-O.); (J.L.B.-C.); (A.L.-T.); (R.M.S.-M.); (C.G.-L.); (J.C.); (F.E.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (I.B.); (F.R.-C.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Blancas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (I.B.); (F.R.-C.); (J.A.M.)
- UGC de Oncología, Hospital Universitario “San Cecilio”, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario M. Sánchez-Martín
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.N.-O.); (J.L.B.-C.); (A.L.-T.); (R.M.S.-M.); (C.G.-L.); (J.C.); (F.E.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (I.B.); (F.R.-C.); (J.A.M.)
| | - María J. Garrido
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy & Nutrition, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Carmen Griñán-Lisón
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.N.-O.); (J.L.B.-C.); (A.L.-T.); (R.M.S.-M.); (C.G.-L.); (J.C.); (F.E.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (I.B.); (F.R.-C.); (J.A.M.)
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaen, 23007 Jaen, Spain
| | - Jesús Calahorra
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.N.-O.); (J.L.B.-C.); (A.L.-T.); (R.M.S.-M.); (C.G.-L.); (J.C.); (F.E.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (I.B.); (F.R.-C.); (J.A.M.)
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaen, 23007 Jaen, Spain
| | - Francisca E. Cara
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.N.-O.); (J.L.B.-C.); (A.L.-T.); (R.M.S.-M.); (C.G.-L.); (J.C.); (F.E.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (I.B.); (F.R.-C.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Cabello
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (I.B.); (F.R.-C.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology 3 and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan A. Marchal
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (I.B.); (F.R.-C.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Aptsiauri
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (I.B.); (F.R.-C.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology 3 and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Granados-Principal
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.N.-O.); (J.L.B.-C.); (A.L.-T.); (R.M.S.-M.); (C.G.-L.); (J.C.); (F.E.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (I.B.); (F.R.-C.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
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18
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Vokurka M, Lacina L, Brábek J, Kolář M, Ng YZ, Smetana K. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Influence the Biological Properties of Malignant Tumours via Paracrine Secretion and Exosome Production. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:964. [PMID: 35055153 PMCID: PMC8778626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an essential component of the tumour microenvironment. They represent a heterogeneous group of cells that are under the control of cancer cells and can reversely influence the cancer cell population. They affect the cancer cell differentiation status, and the migration and formation of metastases. This is achieved through the production of the extracellular matrix and numerous bioactive factors. IL-6 seems to play the central role in the communication of noncancerous and cancer cells in the tumour. This review outlines the role of exosomes in cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Available data on the exosomal cargo, which can significantly intensify interactions in the tumour, are summarised. The role of exosomes as mediators of the dialogue between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts is discussed together with their therapeutic relevance. The functional unity of the paracrine- and exosome-mediated communication of cancer cells with the tumour microenvironment represented by CAFs is worthy of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vokurka
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
| | - Lukáš Lacina
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
- BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
| | - Yi Zhen Ng
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL)—Biopolis, Skin Research Institute of Singapore, 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos Singapore, Singapore 138665, Singapore;
| | - Karel Smetana
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
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19
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Manoukian P, Bijlsma M, van Laarhoven H. The Cellular Origins of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Their Opposing Contributions to Pancreatic Cancer Growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:743907. [PMID: 34646829 PMCID: PMC8502878 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.743907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic tumors are known to harbor an abundant and highly desmoplastic stroma. Among the various cell types that reside within tumor stroma, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have gained a lot of attention in the cancer field due to their contributions to carcinogenesis and tumor architecture. These cells are not a homogeneous population, but have been shown to have different origins, phenotypes, and contributions. In pancreatic tumors, CAFs generally emerge through the activation and/or recruitment of various cell types, most notably resident fibroblasts, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), and tumor-infiltrating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In recent years, single cell transcriptomic studies allowed the identification of distinct CAF populations in pancreatic tumors. Nonetheless, the exact sources and functions of those different CAF phenotypes remain to be fully understood. Considering the importance of stromal cells in pancreatic cancer, many novel approaches have aimed at targeting the stroma but current stroma-targeting therapies have yielded subpar results, which may be attributed to heterogeneity in the fibroblast population. Thus, fully understanding the roles of different subsets of CAFs within the stroma, and the cellular dynamics at play that contribute to heterogeneity in CAF subsets may be essential for the design of novel therapies and improving clinical outcomes. Fortunately, recent advances in technologies such as microfluidics and bio-printing have made it possible to establish more advanced ex vivo models that will likely prove useful. In this review, we will present the different roles of stromal cells in pancreatic cancer, focusing on CAF origin as a source of heterogeneity, and the role this may play in therapy failure. We will discuss preclinical models that could be of benefit to the field and that may contribute to further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Manoukian
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Bijlsma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke van Laarhoven
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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20
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Mao X, Xu J, Wang W, Liang C, Hua J, Liu J, Zhang B, Meng Q, Yu X, Shi S. Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment: new findings and future perspectives. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:131. [PMID: 34635121 PMCID: PMC8504100 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 882] [Impact Index Per Article: 294.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a stromal cell population with cell-of-origin, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, are the most essential components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Through multiple pathways, activated CAFs can promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, along with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and even chemoresistance. Numerous previous studies have confirmed the critical role of the interaction between CAFs and tumor cells in tumorigenesis and development. However, recently, the mutual effects of CAFs and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) have been identified as another key factor in promoting tumor progression. The TIME mainly consists of distinct immune cell populations in tumor islets and is highly associated with the antitumor immunological state in the TME. CAFs interact with tumor-infiltrating immune cells as well as other immune components within the TIME via the secretion of various cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, exosomes and other effector molecules, consequently shaping an immunosuppressive TME that enables cancer cells to evade surveillance of the immune system. In-depth studies of CAFs and immune microenvironment interactions, particularly the complicated mechanisms connecting CAFs with immune cells, might provide novel strategies for subsequent targeted immunotherapies. Herein, we shed light on recent advances regarding the direct and indirect crosstalk between CAFs and infiltrating immune cells and further summarize the possible immunoinhibitory mechanisms induced by CAFs in the TME. In addition, we present current related CAF-targeting immunotherapies and briefly describe some future perspectives on CAF research in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Mao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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21
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Li K, Shi H, Zhang B, Ou X, Ma Q, Chen Y, Shu P, Li D, Wang Y. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as immunosuppressive regulators and therapeutic targets in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:362. [PMID: 34620838 PMCID: PMC8497485 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogenic population of immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive effects, which undergo massive expansion during tumor progression. These cells not only support immune escape directly but also promote tumor invasion via various non-immunological activities. Besides, this group of cells are proved to impair the efficiency of current antitumor strategies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Therefore, MDSCs are considered as potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Treatment strategies targeting MDSCs have shown promising outcomes in both preclinical studies and clinical trials when administrated alone, or in combination with other anticancer therapies. In this review, we shed new light on recent advances in the biological characteristics and immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs. We also hope to propose an overview of current MDSCs-targeting therapies so as to provide new ideas for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Houhui Shi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Benxia Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejin Ou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Qizhi Ma
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Shu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, and Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, China. .,Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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22
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Gunaydin G, Gedik ME, Ayan S. Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer-A Review of the Current Clinical Status. Front Chem 2021; 9:686303. [PMID: 34409014 PMCID: PMC8365093 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.686303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used as an anti-tumor treatment method for a long time and photosensitizers (PS) can be used in various types of tumors. Originally, light is an effective tool that has been used in the treatment of diseases for ages. The effects of combination of specific dyes with light illumination was demonstrated at the beginning of 20th century and novel PDT approaches have been developed ever since. Main strategies of current studies are to reduce off-target effects and improve pharmacokinetic properties. Given the high interest and vast literature about the topic, approval of PDT as the first drug/device combination by the FDA should come as no surprise. PDT consists of two stages of treatment, combining light energy with a PS in order to destruct tumor cells after activation by light. In general, PDT has fewer side effects and toxicity than chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. In addition to the purpose of treatment, several types of PSs can be used for diagnostic purposes for tumors. Such approaches are called photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). In this Review, we provide a general overview of the clinical applications of PDT in cancer, including the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Assessment of PDT therapeutic efficacy in the clinic will be discussed, since identifying predictors to determine the response to treatment is crucial. In addition, examples of PDT in various types of tumors will be discussed. Furthermore, combination of PDT with other therapy modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and immunotherapy will be emphasized, since such approaches seem to be promising in terms of enhancing effectiveness against tumor. The combination of PDT with other treatments may yield better results than by single treatments. Moreover, the utilization of lower doses in a combination therapy setting may cause less side effects and better results than single therapy. A better understanding of the effectiveness of PDT in a combination setting in the clinic as well as the optimization of such complex multimodal treatments may expand the clinical applications of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M. Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seylan Ayan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Gunaydin G. CAFs Interacting With TAMs in Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Tumorigenesis and Immune Evasion. Front Oncol 2021; 11:668349. [PMID: 34336660 PMCID: PMC8317617 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.668349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most important and abundant players of the tumor microenvironment. CAFs as well as TAMs are known to play pivotal supportive roles in tumor growth and progression. The number of CAF or TAM cells is mostly correlated with poor prognosis. Both CAFs and TAMs are in a reciprocal communication with the tumor cells in the tumor milieu. In addition to such interactions, CAFs and TAMs are also involved in a dynamic and reciprocal interrelationship with each other. Both CAFs and TAMs are capable of altering each other's functions. Here, the current understanding of the distinct mechanisms about the complex interplay between CAFs and TAMs are summarized. In addition, the consequences of such a mutual relationship especially for tumor progression and tumor immune evasion are highlighted, focusing on the synergistic pleiotropic effects. CAFs and TAMs are crucial components of the tumor microenvironment; thus, they may prove to be potential therapeutic targets. A better understanding of the tri-directional interactions of CAFs, TAMs and cancer cells in terms of tumor progression will pave the way for the identification of novel theranostic cues in order to better target the crucial mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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24
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Zhu G, Cao B, Liang X, Li L, Hao Y, Meng W, He C, Wang L, Li L. Small extracellular vesicles containing miR-192/215 mediate hypoxia-induced cancer-associated fibroblast development in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2021; 506:11-22. [PMID: 33639203 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the hypoxic cancer cell-mediated differentiation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have not been elucidated yet. The present study showed that the hypoxic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells promoted CAF-like differentiation through secreting TGF-β and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that contain enhanced levels of miR-192/215 family miRNAs. Caveolin-1 (CAV1), which is a target gene of miR-192/215, inhibited the TGF-β/SMAD signaling and promoted CAF-like differentiation of the fibroblasts. Restoring the levels of CAV1 inhibited the hypoxic sEV- and TGF-β-induced CAF-like differentiation. The enhanced levels of miR-192/215 encapsulated in the HNSCC tissue-derived sEVs (but not serum-derived sEVs) indicated hypoxic and aggressive cancer stroma. miR-215 in the tumor tissue-derived sEVs (but not circulating sEVs) was correlated with poor overall survival of patients with HNSCC. This study demonstrated that sEVs function as a "courier" to deliver miRNAs from the cancer cells to the fibroblasts, which promotes the remodeling of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, and that cancer tissue-derived sEV could potentially serve as a source of biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiquan Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bangrong Cao
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinhua Liang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaying Hao
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanrong Meng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanshi He
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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25
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He C, Li L, Wang L, Meng W, Hao Y, Zhu G. Exosome-mediated cellular crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment upon irradiation. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:21-33. [PMID: 33628582 PMCID: PMC7877182 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most effective treatment methods for various solid tumors. Bidirectional signal transduction between cancer cells and stromal cells within the irradiated microenvironment is important in cancer development and treatment responsiveness. Exosomes, initially considered as “garbage bins” for unwanted from cells, are now understood to perform a variety of functions in interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Exosome-mediated regulation processes are rebuilt under the irradiation stimuli, because the exosome production, uptake, and contents are markedly modified by irradiation. In turn, irradiation-modified exosomes may modulate the cell response to irradiation through feedback regulation. Here, we review current knowledge and discuss the roles of exosome-mediated interactions between cells under radiotherapy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshi He
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Wanrong Meng
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Yaying Hao
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Guiquan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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26
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Yin K, Xia X, Rui K, Wang T, Wang S. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: A New and Pivotal Player in Colorectal Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:610104. [PMID: 33384962 PMCID: PMC7770157 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.610104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a devastating human malignancy with poor prognosis. Of the various factors, immune evasion mechanisms play pivotal roles in CRC progression and impede the effects of cancer therapy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) constitute an immature population of myeloid cells that are typical during tumor progression. These cells have the ability to induce strong immunosuppressive effects within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and promote CRC development. Indeed, MDSCs have been shown to accumulate in both tumor-bearing mice and CRC patients, and may therefore become an obstacle for cancer immunotherapy. Consequently, numerous studies have focused on the characterization of MDSCs and their immunosuppressive capacity, as well as developing novel approaches to suppress MDSCs function with different approaches. Current therapeutic strategies that target MDSCs in CRC include inhibition of their recruitment and alteration of their function, alone or in combination with other therapies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Herein, we summarize the recent roles and mechanisms of MDSCs in CRC progression. In addition, a brief review of MDSC-targeting approaches for potential CRC therapy is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xueli Xia
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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27
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Mukaida N, Zhang D, Sasaki SI. Emergence of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts as an Indispensable Cellular Player in Bone Metastasis Process. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2896. [PMID: 33050237 PMCID: PMC7600711 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is frequently complicated in patients with advanced solid cancers such as breast, prostate and lung cancers, and impairs patients' quality of life and prognosis. At the first step of bone metastasis, cancer cells adhere to the endothelium in bone marrow and survive in a dormant state by utilizing hematopoietic niches present therein. Once a dormant stage is disturbed, cancer cells grow through the interaction with various bone marrow resident cells, particularly osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Consequently, osteoclast activation is a hallmark of bone metastasis. As a consequence, the drugs targeting osteoclast activation are frequently used to treat bone metastasis but are not effective to inhibit cancer cell growth in bone marrow. Thus, additional types of resident cells are presumed to contribute to cancer cell growth in bone metastasis sites. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are fibroblasts that accumulate in cancer tissues and can have diverse roles in cancer progression and metastasis. Given the presence of CAFs in bone metastasis sites, CAFs are emerging as an important cellular player in bone metastasis. Hence, in this review, we will discuss the potential roles of CAFs in tumor progression, particularly bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; (D.Z.); (S.S.)
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28
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Yang Y, Li C, Liu T, Dai X, Bazhin AV. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Tumors: From Mechanisms to Antigen Specificity and Microenvironmental Regulation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1371. [PMID: 32793192 PMCID: PMC7387650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various immunological and non-immunological tumor-promoting activities of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), their immunosuppressive capacity remains a key hallmark. Effort in the past decade has provided us with a clearer view of the suppressive nature of MDSCs. More suppressive pathways have been identified, and their recognized targets have been expanded from T cells and natural killer (NK) cells to other immune cells. These novel mechanisms and targets afford MDSCs versatility in suppressing both innate and adaptive immunity. On the other hand, a better understanding of the regulation of their development and function has been unveiled. This intricate regulatory network, consisting of tumor cells, stromal cells, soluble mediators, and hostile physical conditions, reveals bi-directional crosstalk between MDSCs and the tumor microenvironment. In this article, we will review available information on how MDSCs exert their immunosuppressive function and how they are regulated in the tumor milieu. As MDSCs are a well-established obstacle to anti-tumor immunity, new insights in the potential synergistic combination of MDSC-targeted therapy and immunotherapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Lab of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofang Dai
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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29
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Wang X, Wang F, Zhong M, Yarden Y, Fu L. The biomarkers of hyperprogressive disease in PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy. Mol Cancer 2020. [PMID: 32359357 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01200-x.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies (Abs) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) Abs, are effective for patients with various cancers. However, low response rates to ICI monotherapies and even hyperprogressive disease (HPD) have limited the clinical application of ICIs. HPD is a novel pattern of progression, with an unexpected and fast progression in tumor volume and rate, poor survival of patients and early fatality. Considering the limitations of ICI due to HPD incidence, valid biomarkers are urgently needed to predict the occurrence of HPD and the efficacy of ICI. Here, we reviewed and summarized the known biomarkers of HPD, including tumor cell biomarkers, tumor microenvironment biomarkers, laboratory biomarkers and clinical indicators, which provide a potential effective approach for selecting patients sensitive to ICI cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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30
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The biomarkers of hyperprogressive disease in PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:81. [PMID: 32359357 PMCID: PMC7195736 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies (Abs) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) Abs, are effective for patients with various cancers. However, low response rates to ICI monotherapies and even hyperprogressive disease (HPD) have limited the clinical application of ICIs. HPD is a novel pattern of progression, with an unexpected and fast progression in tumor volume and rate, poor survival of patients and early fatality. Considering the limitations of ICI due to HPD incidence, valid biomarkers are urgently needed to predict the occurrence of HPD and the efficacy of ICI. Here, we reviewed and summarized the known biomarkers of HPD, including tumor cell biomarkers, tumor microenvironment biomarkers, laboratory biomarkers and clinical indicators, which provide a potential effective approach for selecting patients sensitive to ICI cancer treatments.
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31
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Ansems M, Span PN. The tumor microenvironment and radiotherapy response; a central role for cancer-associated fibroblasts. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2020; 22:90-97. [PMID: 32337377 PMCID: PMC7177030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth is not only dictated by events involving tumor cells, but also by the environment they reside in, the so-called tumor microenvironment (TME). In the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are often the predominant cell type. CAFs were long considered to be of limited importance in the TME, but are now recognized for their pivotal role in cancer progression. Recently, it has become evident that different subsets of CAFs exist, with certain CAF subtypes having protumorigenic properties, whereas others show more antitumorigenic characteristics. Currently, the intricate interaction between the different subsets of CAFs with tumor cells, but also with immune cells that reside in the TME, is still poorly understood. This crosstalk of CAFs with tumor and immune cells in the TME largely dictates how a tumor responds to therapy and whether the tumor will eventually be eliminated, stay dormant or will progress and metastasize. Radiotherapy (RT) is a widely used and mostly very effective local cancer treatment, but CAFs are remarkably RT resistant. Although radiation does cause persistent DNA damage, CAFs do not die upon clinically applied doses of RT, but rather become senescent. Through the secretion of cytokines and growth factors they have been implicated in the induction of tumor radioresistance and recruitment of specific immune cells to the TME, thereby affecting local immune responses. In this review we will discuss the versatile role of CAFs in the TME and their influence on RT response.
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32
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Cong X, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Li S, Yin X, Zhai Z, Zhang Y, Xue Y. CD66b + neutrophils and α-SMA + fibroblasts predict clinical outcomes and benefits from postoperative chemotherapy in gastric adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:2761-2773. [PMID: 32096331 PMCID: PMC7163111 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment (TME) influences tumor progression through the various cells it contains. Tumor‐associated neutrophils (TANs) and cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are prominent constituents of diverse malignant solid tumors and are crucial in the TME and cancer evolution. However, the relationships and combined prognostic value of these two cell types are not known in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). Materials and Methods In total, 215 GAC patients who underwent curative surgery were enrolled. TANs were assessed by immunohistochemical staining for CD66b, and CAFs were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA). Results The percentages of patients with high‐density TANs and CAFs in GAC tissue were 47.9% (103/215) and 43.3% (93/215), respectively. The densities of TANs and CAFs in GAC tissue samples were markedly elevated and independently correlated with GAC clinical outcomes. A strong correlation (R = .348, P < .001) was detected between TANs and CAFs in GAC. The combination of TANs and CAFs produced a more exact outcome than either factor alone. Patients with an α‐SMAlowCD66bhigh (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.791; 95% CI: 1.062‐3.021; P = .029), α‐SMAhighCD66blow (HR = 2.402; 95% CI: 1.379‐4.183; P = .002), or α‐SMAhighCD66bhigh (HR = 3.599; 95% CI: 2.330‐5.560; P < .001) phenotype were gradually correlated with poorer disease‐free survival than the subset of patients with an α‐SMAlowCD66blow phenotype. The same results were observed for disease‐specific survival in the subgroups. Noticeably, in stage II‐III patients with the α‐SMAlowCD66blow phenotype, an advantage was obtained with postoperative chemotherapeutics, and the risk of a poor prognosis was reduced compared with stage II‐III patients with the α‐SMAlowCD66bhigh, α‐SMAhighCD66blow or α‐SMAhighCD66bhigh phenotype (HR: 0.260, 95% CI: 0.124‐0.542, P < .001 for disease‐free survival; and HR: 0.258, 95% CI: 124‐0.538, P < .001 for disease‐specific survival). Conclusion Overall, we concluded that the combination of CD66b+ TANs and α‐SMA+ CAFs could be used as an independent factor for patient outcomes and to identify GAC patients who might benefit from the administration of postoperative chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Cong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yongle Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zhao Zhai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yingwei Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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Kanaya N, Chang G, Wu X, Saeki K, Bernal L, Shim HJ, Wang J, Warden C, Yamamoto T, Li J, Park JS, Synold T, Vonderfecht S, Rakoff M, Neuhausen SL, Chen S. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of estrogen- and endocrine-disrupting chemical-induced reorganization of mouse mammary gland. Commun Biol 2019; 2:406. [PMID: 31701034 PMCID: PMC6831695 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is a critical window of susceptibility for its sensitivity to endocrine disrupting chemicals due to the decline of endogenous estrogen. Using a surgical menopausal (ovariectomized) mouse model, we assessed how mammary tissue was affected by both 17β-estradiol (E2) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). As flame retardants in household products, PBDEs are widely detected in human serum. During physiologically-relevant exposure to E2, PBDEs enhanced E2-mediated regrowth of mammary glands with terminal end bud-like structures. Analysis of mammary gland RNA revealed that PBDEs both augmented E2-facilitated gene expression and modulated immune regulation. Through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) analysis, E2 was found to induce Pgr expression in both Esr1+ and Esr1- luminal epithelial cells and Ccl2 expression in Esr1+ fibroblasts. PBDEs promote the E2-AREG-EGFR-M2 macrophage pathway. Our findings support that E2 + PBDE increases the risk of developing breast cancer through the expansion of estrogen-responsive luminal epithelial cells and immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kanaya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Gregory Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Kohei Saeki
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Lauren Bernal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Hyun-Jeong Shim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Charles Warden
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Takuro Yamamoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Jay Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Timothy Synold
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Steve Vonderfecht
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
| | | | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA
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Monocytic Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215459. [PMID: 31683978 PMCID: PMC6862591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of novel agents and immunotherapies in solid and liquid tumors, there is an emerging need to understand the cross-talk between the neoplastic cells, the host immune system, and the microenvironment to mitigate proliferation, survival, migration and resistance to drugs. In the microenvironment of hematological tumors there are cells belonging to the normal bone marrow, extracellular matrix proteins, adhesion molecules, cytokines, and growth factors produced by both stromal cells and neoplastic cells themselves. In this context, myeloid suppressor cells are an emerging sub-population of regulatory myeloid cells at different stages of differentiation involved in cancer progression and chronic inflammation. In this review, monocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells and their potential clinical implications are discussed to give a comprehensive vision of their contribution to lymphoproliferative and myeloid disorders.
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35
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Palumbo GA, Parrinello NL, Giallongo C, D'Amico E, Zanghì A, Puglisi F, Conticello C, Chiarenza A, Tibullo D, Raimondo FD, Romano A. Monocytic Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2019. [PMID: 31683978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215459.pmid:31683978;pmcid:pmc6862591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of novel agents and immunotherapies in solid and liquid tumors, there is an emerging need to understand the cross-talk between the neoplastic cells, the host immune system, and the microenvironment to mitigate proliferation, survival, migration and resistance to drugs. In the microenvironment of hematological tumors there are cells belonging to the normal bone marrow, extracellular matrix proteins, adhesion molecules, cytokines, and growth factors produced by both stromal cells and neoplastic cells themselves. In this context, myeloid suppressor cells are an emerging sub-population of regulatory myeloid cells at different stages of differentiation involved in cancer progression and chronic inflammation. In this review, monocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells and their potential clinical implications are discussed to give a comprehensive vision of their contribution to lymphoproliferative and myeloid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Alberto Palumbo
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Nunziatina Laura Parrinello
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Emanuele D'Amico
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Aurora Zanghì
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Puglisi
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia generale e specialità medico-chirurgiche, CHIRMED, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Concetta Conticello
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Chiarenza
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- BIOMETEC, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia generale e specialità medico-chirurgiche, CHIRMED, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia generale e specialità medico-chirurgiche, CHIRMED, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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De Jaeghere EA, Denys HG, De Wever O. Fibroblasts Fuel Immune Escape in the Tumor Microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:704-723. [PMID: 31735289 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune escape is central to the persistence of most, if not all, solid tumors and poses a critical obstacle to successful cancer (immuno)therapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute the most prevalent, yet heterogeneous, component of the tumor stroma, where they 'cool down' the immune microenvironment. The central role played by CAFs, both as a physical barrier and source of immunosuppressive molecules, sets them as a target to enhance immunotherapy of cancer. We outline the current understanding of how CAFs fuel immune escape, as well as their potential clinical applications. Whether these therapeutics really have clinically significant activity remains to be seen, but the outlook is positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel A De Jaeghere
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Gynecologic Pelvic Oncology Network Ghent (GYPON), Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore G Denys
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Gynecologic Pelvic Oncology Network Ghent (GYPON), Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Gynecologic Pelvic Oncology Network Ghent (GYPON), Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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37
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An Y, Liu F, Chen Y, Yang Q. Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells in cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:13-24. [PMID: 31642585 PMCID: PMC6933413 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown that cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in tumour progression, including carcinogenesis, invasion, metastasis and the chemoresistance of cancer cells. Immune cells, including macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells and T cells, play a dual role in the tumour microenvironment. Although increasing research has focused on studying interactions between distinct cells in the tumour microenvironment, the complex relationships between CAFs and immune cells remain unclear and need further study. Here, we summarize our current understanding of crosstalk between CAFs and immune cells, which may help clarify their diagnostic and therapeutic value in tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan An
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Fengtian Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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38
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Cancer associated fibroblasts sculpt tumour microenvironment by recruiting monocytes and inducing immunosuppressive PD-1 + TAMs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3172. [PMID: 30816272 PMCID: PMC6395633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts turn into cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumour microenvironment. CAFs have recently attracted attention for their function as a regulator of immune cell recruitment and function in addition to their tumour-promoting roles. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of CAFs on monocyte recruitment and macrophage polarization in breast cancer. CAFs, which were α-SMA expressing fibroblasts in contrast to normal fibroblasts (NFs), effectively recruited monocytes. Recruitment of monocytes by CAFs might be mediated by monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) as well as stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) cytokines. CAFs differentiated the recruited monocytes into M2-like macrophages which are capable of exerting their immunosuppressive roles via the PD-1 axis. CAF-educated monocytes exhibited strong immune suppression unlike NF-educated monocytes and enhanced the motility/invasion of breast cancer cells in addition to increasing the expressions of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes and vimentin protein in cancer cells. CAF-educated M1 macrophages displayed increased expression of M2 markers and production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in contrast to decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12 compared with control M1 macrophages; suggesting that CAFs were also able to induce the trans-differentiation of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages. We then investigated the relationship between the infiltration of CAFs and tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) using tissue samples obtained from breast cancer patients. High grade of CAFs significantly correlated with the number of TAMs in human breast cancer tissue samples. It was also associated with higher Ki-67 proliferation index, and higher tumour volume. This result is in line with our finding of increased breast cancer cell proliferation due to the effects of CAF-educated monocytes in vitro. Our results concluded that CAFs play pivotal roles in sculpturing the tumour microenvironment in breast cancer, and therapeutic strategies to reverse the CAF-mediated immunosuppressive microenvironment should be taken into consideration.
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39
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Budhwar S, Verma P, Verma R, Rai S, Singh K. The Yin and Yang of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2776. [PMID: 30555467 PMCID: PMC6280921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, most of our knowledge about myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) has come from cancer studies, which depicts Yin side of MDSCs. In cancer, inherent immunosuppressive action of MDSCs favors tumor progression by inhibiting antitumor immune response. However, recently Yang side of MDSCs has also been worked out and suggests the role in maintenance of homeostasis during non-cancer situations like pregnancy, obesity, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. Continued work in this area has armored the biological importance of these cells as master regulators of immune system and prompted scientists all over the world to look from a different perspective. Therefore, explicating Yin and Yang arms of MDSCs is obligatory to use it as a double edged sword in a much smarter way. This review is an attempt toward presenting a synergistic coalition of all the facts and controversies that exist in understanding MDSCs, bring them on the same platform and approach their "Yin and Yang" nature in a more comprehensive and coherent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehil Budhwar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rachna Verma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sangeeta Rai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Kiran Singh
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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40
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Gok Yavuz B, Gunaydin G, Kosemehmetoglu K, Karakoc D, Ozgur F, Guc D. The effects of cancer-associated fibroblasts obtained from atypical ductal hyperplasia on anti-tumor immune responses. Breast J 2018; 24:1099-1101. [PMID: 30264475 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Betul Gok Yavuz
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Derya Karakoc
- Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Ozgur
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dicle Guc
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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41
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce PDL1+ neutrophils through the IL6-STAT3 pathway that foster immune suppression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:422. [PMID: 29556041 PMCID: PMC5859264 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicate that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) affect tumor progression by reshaping the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophils are prominent components of solid tumors and important in cancer progression. Whether the phenotype and function of neutrophils in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are influenced by CAFs is not well understood. Herein, we investigated the effect of HCC-derived CAFs (HCC-CAFs) on the neutrophils and explored the biological role of this effect. We found that HCC-CAFs induced chemotaxis of neutrophils and protected them from spontaneous apoptosis. Neutrophils were activated by the conditioned medium from HCC-CAFs with increased expression of CD66b, PDL1, IL8, TNFa, and CCL2, and with decreased expression of CD62L. HCC-CAF-primed neutrophils impaired T-cell function through the PD1/PDL1 signaling pathway. We revealed that HCC-CAFs induced the activation of STAT3 pathways in neutrophils, which are essential for the survival and function of activated neutrophils. In addition, we demonstrated that HCC-CAF-derived IL6 was responsible for the STAT3 activation of neutrophils. Collectively, our results suggest that HCC-CAFs regulate the survival, activation, and function of neutrophils within HCC through an IL6-STAT3-PDL1 signaling cascade, which presents a novel mechanism for the role of CAFs in remodeling the cancer niche and provides a potential target for HCC therapy.
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42
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Jacobs J, Deschoolmeester V, Zwaenepoel K, Flieswasser T, Deben C, Van den Bossche J, Hermans C, Rolfo C, Peeters M, De Wever O, Lardon F, Siozopoulou V, Smits E, Pauwels P. Unveiling a CD70-positive subset of cancer-associated fibroblasts marked by pro-migratory activity and thriving regulatory T cell accumulation. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1440167. [PMID: 29900042 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1440167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are involved in the proliferative and invasive behavior of colorectal cancer (CRC). Nonetheless, CAFs represent a heterogeneous population with both cancer-promoting and cancer-restraining actions, lacking specific markers to target them. Expression of the immune checkpoint molecule CD70 is normally limited to cells of the lymphoid lineage. Instead, tumor cells hijack CD70 to facilitate immune evasion by increasing the amount of suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). The aim of this study was to explore CD70 expression patterns in CRC, not merely focusing on the tumor cells, but also taking the tumor stromal cells into account. We have analyzed the prognostic value of CD70 expression by immunohistochemistry in CRC specimens and its relationship with well-known fibroblast markers and Tregs. In addition, in vitro experiments were conducted to unravel the role of CD70-positive CAFs on migration and immune escape. We reveal prominent expression of CD70 on a specific subset of CAFs in invasive CRC specimens. Cancer cells show almost no expression of CD70. The presence of CD70-positive CAFs proved to be an independent adverse prognostic marker. Functionally, CD70-positive CAFs stimulated migration and significantly increased the frequency of naturally occurring Tregs. In conclusion, we have identified the expression of CD70 on CAFs as a novel prognostic marker for CRC. We have found evidence of a cross talk between CD70+ CAFs and naturally occurring Tregs, paving the way towards immune escape. As such, this study provides a strong rationale for the exploration of CD70-targeting antibodies in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jacobs
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Deschoolmeester
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Karen Zwaenepoel
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Tal Flieswasser
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Christophe Deben
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jolien Van den Bossche
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christophe Hermans
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Phase 1-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Siozopoulou
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, Belgium
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Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) have been subdivided into molecular subtypes. The mesenchymal HGSOC subgroup, defined by stromal-related gene signatures, is invariably associated with poor patient survival. We demonstrate that stroma exerts a key function in mesenchymal HGSOC. We highlight stromal heterogeneity in HGSOC by identifying four subsets of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF-S1-4). Mesenchymal HGSOC show high content in CAF-S1 fibroblasts, which exhibit immunosuppressive functions by increasing attraction, survival, and differentiation of CD25+FOXP3+ T lymphocytes. The beta isoform of the CXCL12 chemokine (CXCL12β) specifically accumulates in the immunosuppressive CAF-S1 subset through a miR-141/200a dependent-mechanism. Moreover, CXCL12β expression in CAF-S1 cells plays a crucial role in CAF-S1 immunosuppressive activity and is a reliable prognosis factor in HGSOC, in contrast to CXCL12α. Thus, our data highlight the differential regulation of the CXCL12α and CXCL12β isoforms in HGSOC, and reveal a CXCL12β-associated stromal heterogeneity and immunosuppressive environment in mesenchymal HGSOC.
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Derakhshandeh R, Sanadhya S, Lee Han K, Chen H, Goloubeva O, Webb TJ, Younis RH. Semaphorin 4D in human head and neck cancer tissue and peripheral blood: A dense fibrotic peri-tumoral stromal phenotype. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29541402 PMCID: PMC5834246 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for stromal biomarkers in carcinoma patients is a challenge in the field. Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D), known for its various developmental, physiological and pathological effects, plays a role in pro and anti-inflammatory responses. It is expressed in many epithelial tumors including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Recently, we found that HNSCC-associated Sema4D modulates an immune-suppressive, tumor-permissible environment by inducing the expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of Sema4D as a biomarker for the peri-tumoral stromal phenotype in human HNSCC. Our data showed Sema4D+ve/high tumor cells in 34% of the studied cohort with positive correlation to Stage III (p=0.0001). Sema4D+ve/high tumor cells correlated directly with dense fibrotic peri-tumoral stroma (p=0.0001) and inversely with infiltrate of Sema4D+ve/high tumor-associated inflammatory cells (TAIs) (p=0.01). Most of the Sema4D+ve/high TAIs were co-positive for the macrophage biomarker CD163. Knockdown of Sema4D in WSU-HN6 cells inhibited collagen production by fibroblasts, and decreased activated TGF-β1 levels in culture medium of HNSCC cell lines. In a stratification model of HNSCC using combined Sema4D and the programmed death ligand 1 (PDL-1), Sema4D+ve/high tumor cells represented a phenotype distinct from the PDL-1 positive tumors. Finally,Sema4D was detected in plasma of HNC patients at significantly higher levels (115.44, ± 39.37) compared to healthy donors (38.60± 12.73) (p <0.0001). In conclusion, we present a novel HNSCC tumor stratification model, based on the expression of the biomarker Sema4D. This model opens new avenues to novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Derakhshandeh
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonia Sanadhya
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyu Lee Han
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olga Goloubeva
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tonya J Webb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rania H Younis
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Oral Pathology Consultants, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,The Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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45
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Jiang M, Chen J, Zhang W, Zhang R, Ye Y, Liu P, Yu W, Wei F, Ren X, Yu J. Interleukin-6 Trans-Signaling Pathway Promotes Immunosuppressive Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells via Suppression of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 in Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1840. [PMID: 29326716 PMCID: PMC5736866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been reported to stimulate myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in multiple cancers, but the molecular events involved in this process are not completely understood. We previously found that cancer-derived IL-6 induces T cell suppression of MDSCs in vitro via the activation of STAT3/IDO signaling pathway. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We found that in primary breast cancer tissues, cancer-derived IL-6 was positively correlated with infiltration of MDSCs in situ, which was accompanied by more aggressive tumor phenotypes and worse clinical outcomes. In vitro IL-6 stimulated the amplification of MDSCs and promoted their T cell suppression ability, which were fully inhibited by an IL-6-specific blocking antibody. Our results demonstrate that IL-6-dependent suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) suppression in MDSCs induced phosphorylation of the JAK1, JAK2, TYK2, STAT1, and STAT3 proteins, which was correlated with T cell suppression of MDSCs in vitro. Therefore, dysfunction in the SOCS feedback loop promoted long-term activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and predominantly contributed to IL-6-mediated effects on MDSCs. Furthermore, IL-6-induced inhibition of SOCS3 and activation of the JAK/STAT pathway was correlated with an elevated expression of IL-6 receptor α (CD126), in which the soluble CD126-mediated IL-6 trans-signaling pathway significantly regulated IL-6-mediated effects on MDSCs. Finally, IL-6-induced SOCS3 dysfunction and sustained activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway promoted the amplification and immunosuppressive function of breast cancer MDSCs in vitro and in vivo, and thus blocking the IL-6 signaling pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy for eliminating and inhibiting MDSCs to improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jiang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jieying Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingnan Ye
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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46
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Garg AD, More S, Rufo N, Mece O, Sassano ML, Agostinis P, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Immunogenic cell death induction by anticancer chemotherapeutics. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1386829. [PMID: 29209573 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1386829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression "immunogenic cell death" (ICD) refers to a functionally unique form of cell death that facilitates (instead of suppressing) a T cell-dependent immune response specific for dead cell-derived antigens. ICD critically relies on the activation of adaptive responses in dying cells, culminating with the exposure or secretion of immunostimulatory molecules commonly referred to as "damage-associated molecular patterns". Only a few agents can elicit bona fide ICD, including some clinically established chemotherapeutics such as doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone, bleomycin, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and oxaliplatin. In this Trial Watch, we discuss recent progress on the development of ICD-inducing chemotherapeutic regimens, focusing on studies that evaluate clinical efficacy in conjunction with immunological biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sanket More
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicole Rufo
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Odeta Mece
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Livia Sassano
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Wang M, Zhang J, Huang Y, Ji S, Shao G, Feng S, Chen D, Zhao K, Wang Z, Wu A. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Autophagy Enhances Progression of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:3904-3912. [PMID: 28802099 PMCID: PMC5565237 DOI: 10.12659/msm.902870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key factors in malignant tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. However, the effect of CAFs autophagy on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells is not clear. In this study, the growth effect of TNBC cells regulated by CAFs autophagy was evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS CAFs were obtained from invasive TNBC tumors and identified by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining assay. CAFs were co-cultured with TNBC cells, and migration and invasion were evaluated by Matrigel-coated Transwell and Transwell inserts. TNBC cells growth was detected by MTT assay, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulated by CAFs was evaluated by Western blot assay. RESULTS CAFs were identified by the high expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein. Autophagy-relevant Beclin 1 and LC3-II/I protein conversion levels in CAFs were higher than those in NFs (P<0.05). TNBC cells migration, invasion, and proliferation levels were significantly improved in the CAFs-conditioned medium (CAFs-CM) group, compared with the other 3 groups (P<0.05). TNBC cells vimentin and N-cadherin protein levels were upregulated and E-cadherin protein level was downregulated in the CAFs-CM group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Further study indicated b-catenin and P-GSK-3β protein levels, which are the key proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, were upregulated in the CAFs-CM group compared with the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated CAFs autophagy can enhance TNBC cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, and CAFs autophagy can induce TNBC cells to engage in the EMT process through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yizhe Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Shufeng Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Guoli Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Shaobo Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Danxun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Kankan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zixiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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48
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Safarzadeh E, Orangi M, Mohammadi H, Babaie F, Baradaran B. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Important contributors to tumor progression and metastasis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3024-3036. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Safarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Mona Orangi
- Immunology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Immunology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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49
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Wang M, Zhang C, Song Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Luo F, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Wu Z, Xu Y. Mechanism of immune evasion in breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1561-1573. [PMID: 28352189 PMCID: PMC5359138 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s126424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor among women, with high morbidity and mortality. Its onset, development, metastasis, and prognosis vary among individuals due to the interactions between tumors and host immunity. Many diverse mechanisms have been associated with BC, with immune evasion being the most widely studied to date. Tumor cells can escape from the body’s immune response, which targets abnormal components and foreign bodies, using different approaches including modification of surface antigens and modulation of the surrounding environment. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and factors that impact the immunoediting process and analyze their functions in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Changwang Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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50
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Mukaida N, Sasaki S. Fibroblasts, an inconspicuous but essential player in colon cancer development and progression. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5301-5316. [PMID: 27340347 PMCID: PMC4910652 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments have a crucial role in cancer initiation and progression, and share many molecular and pathological features with wound healing process. Unless treated, tumors, however, do not heal in contrast to wounds that heal within a limited time framework. Wounds heal in coordination of a myriad of types of cells, particularly endothelial cells, leukocytes, and fibroblasts. Similar sets of cells also contribute to cancer initiation and progression, and as a consequence, anti-cancer treatment strategies have been proposed and tested by targeting endothelial cells and/or leukocytes. Compared with endothelial cells and leukocytes, less attention has been paid to the roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), fibroblasts present in tumor tissues, because their heterogeneity hinders the elucidation on them at cellular and molecular levels. Here, we will discuss the origin of CAFs and their crucial roles in cancer initiation and progression, and the possibility to develop a novel type of anti-cancer treatment by manipulating the migration and functions of CAFs.
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