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Benefits and Challenges of Inhibiting EZH2 in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051537. [PMID: 36900330 PMCID: PMC10000483 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive thoracic cancer that is mainly associated with prior exposure to asbestos fibers. Despite being a rare cancer, its global rate is increasing and the prognosis remains extremely poor. Over the last two decades, despite the constant research of new therapeutic options, the combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and pemetrexed has remained the only first-line therapy for MPM. The recent approval of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based immunotherapy has opened new promising avenues of research. However, MPM is still a fatal cancer with no effective treatments. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyl transferase that exerts pro-oncogenic and immunomodulatory activities in a variety of tumors. Accordingly, a growing number of studies indicate that EZH2 is also an oncogenic driver in MPM, but its effects on tumor microenvironments are still largely unexplored. This review describes the state-of-the-art of EZH2 in MPM biology and discusses its potential use both as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. We highlight current gaps of knowledge, the filling of which will likely favor the entry of EZH2 inhibitors within the treatment options for MPM patients.
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2
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Detection of Specific Immune Cell Subpopulation Changes Associated with Systemic Immune Inflammation–Index Level in Germ Cell Tumors. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050678. [PMID: 35629346 PMCID: PMC9147028 DOI: 10.3390/life12050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) and the host inflammatory response are closely interconnected. The interplay between systemic inflammation and the local immune response may influence tumor development and progression in various types of cancer. The systemic immune–inflammation index (SII) represents a prognostic marker for germ cell tumors (GCTs). The aim of the present study was to detect specific immune cell subpopulation changes which were associated with the SII level in chemotherapy-naïve GCT patients. In total, 51 GCT patients, prior to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, were included in the present study. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations was performed using flow cytometry. The SII level was correlated with the percentage of various leukocyte subpopulations. The obtained results demonstrated that SII levels above the cut-off value of SII ≥ 1003 were associated with higher neutrophil percentages. An inverse correlation was found between the SII and the peripheral lymphocyte percentage that logically reflects the calculations of the SII index. Furthermore, the presented data also showed that in the lymphocyte subpopulation, the association with the SII was driven by T-cell subpopulations. In innate immunity–cell subpopulations, we observed a correlation between SII level and neutrophils as well as associations with eosinophil, basophil, natural killer cell and dendritic cell percentages. We suppose that the described interactions represent a manifestation of cancer-induced immune suppression. The results of the present study contribute to the elucidation of the interrelationship between tumor cells and the innate/adaptive immune system of the host.
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3
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Lu Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Kang Y, Liao Z, He Y, Zhang C. Novel Immunotherapies for Osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:830546. [PMID: 35433427 PMCID: PMC9012135 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.830546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone sarcoma mainly affecting adolescents and young adults, which often progresses to pulmonary metastasis and leads to the death of OS patients. OS is characterized as a highly heterogeneous cancer type and the underlying pathologic mechanisms triggering tumor progress and metastasis are incompletely recognized. Surgery combined with neoadjuvant and postoperative chemotherapy has elevated 5-year survival to over 70% for patients with localized OS tumors, as opposed to only 20% of patients with recurrence and/or metastasis. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are needed to overcome the drawbacks of conventional treatments. Immunotherapy is gaining momentum for the treatment of OS with an increasing number of FDA-approved therapies for malignancies resistant to conventional therapies. Here, we review the OS tumor microenvironment and appraise the promising immunotherapies available in the management of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Liao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanqi He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cangyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Cangyu Zhang,
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4
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Vroman H, Balzaretti G, Belderbos RA, Klarenbeek PL, van Nimwegen M, Bezemer K, Cornelissen R, Niewold ITG, van Schaik BD, van Kampen AH, Aerts JGJV, de Vries N, Hendriks RW. T cell receptor repertoire characteristics both before and following immunotherapy correlate with clinical response in mesothelioma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000251. [PMID: 32234848 PMCID: PMC7174074 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly lethal malignancy in need for new treatment options. Although immunotherapies have been shown to boost a tumor-specific immune response, not all patients respond and prognostic biomarkers are scarce. In this study, we determined the peripheral blood T cell receptor β (TCRβ) chain repertoire of nine MPM patients before and 5 weeks after the start of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy. Materials and methods We separately profiled PD1+ and PD1−CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as Tregs and analyzed 70 000 TCRβ sequences per patient. Results Strikingly, limited TCRβ repertoire diversity and high average clone sizes in total CD3+ T cells before the start of immunotherapy were associated with a better clinical response. To explore the differences in TCRβ repertoire prior-DC-therapy and post-DC-therapy, for each patient the TCRβ clones present in the total CD3+ T cell fractions were classified into five categories, based on therapy-associated frequency changes: expanding, decreasing, stable, newly appearing and disappearing clones. Subsequently, the presence of these five groups of clones was analyzed in the individual sorted T cell fractions. DC-therapy primarily induced TCRβ repertoire changes in the PD1+CD4+ and PD1+CD8+ T cell fractions. In particular, in the PD1+CD8+ T cell subpopulation we found high frequencies of expanding, decreasing and newly appearing clones. Conversion from a PD1− to a PD1+ phenotype was significantly more frequent in CD8+ T cells than in CD4+ T cells. Hereby, the number of expanding PD1+CD8+ T cell clones—and not expanding PD1+CD4+ T cell clones following immunotherapy positively correlated with overall survival, progression-free survival and reduction of tumor volume. Conclusion We conclude that the clinical response to DC-mediated immunotherapy is dependent on both the pre-existing TCRβ repertoire of total CD3+ T cells and on therapy-induced changes, in particular expanding PD1+CD8+ T cell clones. Therefore, TCRβ repertoire profiling in sorted T cell subsets could serve as predictive biomarker for the selection of MPM patients that benefit from immunotherapy. Trial registration number NCT02395679.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Vroman
- Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Balzaretti
- Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Belderbos
- Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L Klarenbeek
- Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Koen Bezemer
- Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Cornelissen
- Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse T G Niewold
- Laboratory of Genome Analysis, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Joachim G J V Aerts
- Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niek de Vries
- Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Désage AL, Karpathiou G, Peoc’h M, Froudarakis ME. The Immune Microenvironment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3205. [PMID: 34206956 PMCID: PMC8269097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive tumour with a poor prognosis, associated with asbestos exposure. Nowadays, treatment is based on chemotherapy with a median overall survival of less than two years. This review highlights the main characteristics of the immune microenvironment in MPM with special emphasis on recent biological advances. The MPM microenvironment is highly infiltrated by tumour-associated macrophages, mainly M2-macrophages. In line with infiltration by M2-macrophages, which contribute to immune suppression, other effectors of innate immune response are deficient in MPM, such as dendritic cells or natural killer cells. On the other hand, tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are also found in MPM, but CD4+ and CD8+ TILs might have decreased cytotoxic effects through T-regulators and high expression of immune checkpoints. Taken together, the immune microenvironment is particularly heterogeneous and can be considered as mainly immunotolerant or immunosuppressive. Therefore, identifying molecular vulnerabilities is particularly relevant to the improvement of patient outcomes and the assessment of promising treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Désage
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, North Hospital, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Georgia Karpathiou
- Pathology, North Hospital, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France; (G.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Michel Peoc’h
- Pathology, North Hospital, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France; (G.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Marios E. Froudarakis
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, North Hospital, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France;
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6
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Belderbos RA, Vroman H, Aerts JGJV. Cellular Immunotherapy and Locoregional Administration of CAR T-Cells in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:777. [PMID: 32582537 PMCID: PMC7283907 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a treatment recalcitrant tumor with a poor overall survival (OS). Current approved treatment consists of first line chemotherapy that only modestly increases OS, illustrating the desperate need for other treatment options in MPM. Unfortunately, clinical studies that investigate the effectivity of checkpoint inhibitor (CI) treatment failed to improve clinical outcome over current applied therapies. In general, MPM is characterized as an immunological cold tumor with low T-cell infiltration, which could explain the disappointing results of clinical trials investigating CI treatment in MPM. Currently, many other therapeutic approaches, such as cellular therapies and cancer vaccines are investigated that could induce a tumor-specific immune response and increase of the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In this review we will discuss these novel treatment approaches for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Belderbos
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heleen Vroman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joachim G J V Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Zhu S, Yang N, Wu J, Wang X, Wang W, Liu YJ, Chen J. Tumor microenvironment-related dendritic cell deficiency: a target to enhance tumor immunotherapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104980. [PMID: 32504832 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), as specialized antigen-presenting cells, are essential for the initiation of specific T cell responses in innate antitumor immunity and, in certain cases, support humoral responses to inhibit tumor development. Mounting evidence suggests that the DC system displays a broad spectrum of dysfunctional status in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which ultimately affects antitumor immune responses. DC-based therapy can restore the function of DCs in the TME, thus showing a promising potential in tumor therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the DC deficiency caused by various factors in the TME and discuss proposed strategies to reverse DC deficiency and the applications of novel combinatorial DC-based therapy for immune normalization of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Jingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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8
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Trempolec N, Degavre C, Doix B, Brusa D, Corbet C, Feron O. Acidosis-Induced TGF-β2 Production Promotes Lipid Droplet Formation in Dendritic Cells and Alters Their Potential to Support Anti-Mesothelioma T Cell Response. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051284. [PMID: 32438640 PMCID: PMC7281762 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For poorly immunogenic tumors such as mesothelioma there is an imperious need to understand why antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) are not prone to supporting the anticancer T cell response. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is thought to be a major contributor to this DC dysfunction. We have reported that the acidic TME component promotes lipid droplet (LD) formation together with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells through autocrine transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) signaling. Since TGF-β is also a master regulator of immune tolerance, we have here examined whether acidosis can impede immunostimulatory DC activity. We have found that exposure of mesothelioma cells to acidosis promotes TGF-β2 secretion, which in turn leads to LD accumulation and profound metabolic rewiring in DCs. We have further documented how DCs exposed to the mesothelioma acidic milieu make the anticancer vaccine less efficient in vivo, with a reduced extent of both DC migratory potential and T cell activation. Interestingly, inhibition of TGF-β2 signaling and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT), the last enzyme involved in triglyceride synthesis, led to a significant restoration of DC activity and anticancer immune response. In conclusion, our study has identified that acidic mesothelioma milieu drives DC dysfunction and altered T cell response through pharmacologically reversible TGF-β2-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Trempolec
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.T.); (C.D.); (B.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Charline Degavre
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.T.); (C.D.); (B.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Bastien Doix
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.T.); (C.D.); (B.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Davide Brusa
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC) Flow Cytometry Platform, UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.T.); (C.D.); (B.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.T.); (C.D.); (B.D.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-7645264; Fax: +32-2-7645269
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9
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Abbott DM, Bortolotto C, Benvenuti S, Lancia A, Filippi AR, Stella GM. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Genetic and Microenviromental Heterogeneity as an Unexpected Reading Frame and Therapeutic Challenge. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051186. [PMID: 32392897 PMCID: PMC7281319 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a malignancy of serosal membranes including the peritoneum, pleura, pericardium and the tunica vaginalis of the testes. Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare disease with a global incidence in countries like Italy of about 1.15 per 100,000 inhabitants. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is the most common form of mesothelioma, accounting for approximately 80% of disease. Although rare in the global population, mesothelioma is linked to industrial pollutants and mineral fiber exposure, with approximately 80% of cases linked to asbestos. Due to the persistent asbestos exposure in many countries, a worldwide progressive increase in MPM incidence is expected for the current and coming years. The tumor grows in a loco-regional pattern, spreading from the parietal to the visceral pleura and invading the surrounding structures that induce the clinical picture of pleural effusion, pain and dyspnea. Distant spreading and metastasis are rarely observed, and most patients die from the burden of the primary tumor. Currently, there are no effective treatments for MPM, and the prognosis is invariably poor. Some studies average the prognosis to be roughly one-year after diagnosis. The uniquely poor mutational landscape which characterizes MPM appears to derive from a selective pressure operated by the environment; thus, inflammation and immune response emerge as key players in driving MPM progression and represent promising therapeutic targets. Here we recapitulate current knowledge on MPM with focus on the emerging network between genetic asset and inflammatory microenvironment which characterize the disease as amenable target for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Michael Abbott
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Chandra Bortolotto
- Unit of Radiology, Department of Intensive Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Silvia Benvenuti
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO—IRCCS—Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95—10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy;
| | - Andrea Lancia
- Unit of Radiation Therapy, Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.L.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Andrea Riccardo Filippi
- Unit of Radiation Therapy, Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.L.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Giulia Maria Stella
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Trempolec N, Doix B, Degavre C, Brusa D, Bouzin C, Riant O, Feron O. Photodynamic Therapy-Based Dendritic Cell Vaccination Suited to Treat Peritoneal Mesothelioma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030545. [PMID: 32120810 PMCID: PMC7139796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy to treat cancer is, nowadays, well documented. Still, the clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors has dampened the interest in anticancer DC vaccination. For highly life-threatening tumors that are regarded as nonimmunogenic, such as mesothelioma, however, T helper 1 immunity-biased DC-based immunotherapy could still represent an attractive strategy. In this study, we took advantage of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to induce immunogenic cell death to generate mesothelioma cell lysates for DC priming and evaluated such a vaccine to treat peritoneal mesothelioma. We found that the white light in vitro activation of the photosensitizer OR141 led to mesothelioma cell death, together with the release of bona fide danger signals that promote DC maturation. The administration of a PDT-based DC vaccine to mice bearing peritoneal mesothelioma led to highly significant survival when compared with sham or control animals treated with anti-CTLA4 antibodies. This was further supported by a strong CD8+ and CD4+ T cell response, characterized by an increased proliferation, cytotoxic activities and the expression of activation markers, including interferon gamma (IFNγ). Moreover, the PDT-based DC vaccine led to a significant increase in IFNγ+ T cells infiltered within mesothelioma, as determined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Finally, in vivo tracking of intraperitoneally administered DCs led us to document rapid chemotaxis towards tumor-occupied lymphatics (vs. lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated DC). DCs pulsed with PDT-killed mesothelioma cells also exhibited a significant increase in CCR7 receptors, together with an intrinsic capacity to migrate towards the lymph nodes. Altogether, these results indicate that PDT-based DC vaccination is particularly suited to induce a potent immune response against peritoneal mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Trempolec
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.T.); (B.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Bastien Doix
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.T.); (B.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Charline Degavre
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.T.); (B.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Davide Brusa
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC) Flow Cytometry Platform, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC) 2IP, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Olivier Riant
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.T.); (B.D.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-7645264; Fax: +32-2-7645269
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11
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Lee YS, Radford KJ. The role of dendritic cells in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 348:123-178. [PMID: 31810552 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy harnesses the ability of the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer. The potent ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to initiate and regulate adaptive immune responses underpins the successful generation of anti-tumor immune responses. DCs are a heterogeneous leukocyte population comprised of distinct subsets that drive specific types of immune responses. Understanding how DCs induce tumor immune responses and the mechanisms adopted by tumors to evade DC surveillance is essential to render immunotherapies more effective. This review discusses current knowledge of the roles played by different DC subsets in human cancer and how these might be manipulated as new immunotherapeutics to improve CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses, with a particular focus on the conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Seng Lee
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
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12
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Li B, Wang S, Chen T, Ye Z. Innate Immune Cells: A Potential and Promising Cell Population for Treating Osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1114. [PMID: 31156651 PMCID: PMC6531991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced, recurrent, or metastasized osteosarcomas remain challenging to cure or even alleviate. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. Cancer immunotherapy has greatly improved in recent years, with options including adoptive cellular therapy, vaccination, and checkpoint inhibitors. As such, immunotherapy is becoming a potential strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Innate immunocytes, the first line of defense in the immune system and the bridge to adaptive immunity, are one of the vital effector cell subpopulations in cancer immunotherapy. Innate immune cell-based therapy has shown potent antitumor activity against hematologic malignancies and some solid tumors, including osteosarcoma. Importantly, some immune checkpoints are expressed on both innate and adaptive immune cells, modulating their functions in tumor immunity. Therefore, blocking or activating immune checkpoint-mediated downstream signaling pathways can improve the therapeutic effects of innate immune cell-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the current status and future prospects of innate immune cell-based therapy for the treatment of osteosarcoma, with a focus on the potential synergistic effects of combination therapy involving innate immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors/oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengdong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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de Goeje PL, Klaver Y, Kaijen-Lambers MEH, Langerak AW, Vroman H, Kunert A, Lamers CHJ, Aerts JGJV, Debets R, Hendriks RW. Autologous Dendritic Cell Therapy in Mesothelioma Patients Enhances Frequencies of Peripheral CD4 T Cells Expressing HLA-DR, PD-1, or ICOS. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2034. [PMID: 30245692 PMCID: PMC6137618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a malignancy with a very poor prognosis for which new treatment options are urgently needed. We have previously shown that dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy provides a clinically feasible treatment option. In the current study, we set out to assess the immunological changes induced by DC immunotherapy in peripheral blood of MPM patients. Methods: Peripheral blood was collected from nine patients enrolled in a phase I dose escalation study, before and after treatment with DCs that were pulsed with an allogeneic tumor lysate preparation consisting of a mixture of five cultured mesothelioma cell lines. We used immune profiling by multiplex flow cytometry to characterize different populations of immune cells. In particular, we determined frequencies of T cell subsets that showed single and combinatorial expression of multiple markers that signify T cell activation, maturation and inhibition. Therapy-induced T cell reactivity was assessed in peptide/MHC multimer stainings using mesothelin as a prototypic target antigen with confirmed expression in the clinical tumor lysate preparation. T cell receptor (TCR) diversity was evaluated by TCRB gene PCR assays. Results: We observed an increase in the numbers of B cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells, but not NK cells at 6 weeks post-treatment. The increases in B and T lymphocytes were not accompanied by major changes in T cell reactivity toward mesothelin nor in TCRB diversity. Notably, we did observe enhanced proportions of CD4 T cells expressing HLA-DR, PD-1 (at 2 weeks after onset of treatment) and ICOS (6 weeks) and a CD8 T cell population expressing LAG3 (2 weeks). Discussion: DC immunotherapy using allogeneic tumor lysate resulted in enhanced frequencies of B cells and T cells in blood. We did not detect a skewed antigen-reactivity of peripheral CD8 T cells. Interestingly, frequencies of CD4 T cells expressing activation markers and PD-1 were increased. These findings indicate a systemic activation of the adaptive immune response and may guide future immune monitoring studies of DC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline L de Goeje
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yarne Klaver
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Margaretha E H Kaijen-Lambers
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heleen Vroman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - André Kunert
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cor H J Lamers
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joachim G J V Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reno Debets
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Lester JF, Casbard AC, Al-Taei S, Harrop R, Katona L, Attanoos RL, Tabi Z, Griffiths GO. A single centre phase II trial to assess the immunological activity of TroVax® plus pemetrexed/cisplatin in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma - the SKOPOS trial. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1457597. [PMID: 30524880 PMCID: PMC6279419 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1457597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines in combination with chemotherapy have been shown to be safe in different tumor types. We investigated the immunological activity of the TroVax® vaccine in combination with pemetrexed-cisplatin chemotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). In this first line, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study, patients with locally advanced or metastatic MPM were enrolled. Eligible patients received up to 9 intramuscular injections of TroVax®, starting two weeks before chemotherapy and continuing at regular intervals during and after chemotherapy to 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the induction of cellular or humoral anti-5T4 immune response (defined as a doubling of either response at any of six follow-up time points), with a target response rate of 64%. Of 27 patients, enrolled between Feb 2013-Dec 2014, 23 (85%) received at least three doses of TroVax® and one cycle of chemotherapy and were included in the per-protocol analysis (PPA). 22/23 patients (95.6%) developed humoral or cellular immune response to 5T4. Thus, the study reached its primary endpoint. Disease control was observed in 87% of patients (partial response: 17.4%, stable disease: 69.6%). The median progression-free survival was 6.8 months and median overall survival 10.9 months. Treatment-related adverse events were comparable to those observed in patients with chemotherapy alone. Translational immunology studies revealed a circulating baseline immune signature that was significantly associated with long-term (>20 months in n = 8/23, 34.8%) survival. In this phase 2 trial, TroVax® with pemetrexed-cisplatin chemotherapy showed robust immune activity, acceptable safety and tolerability to warrant further investigation in a phase 3 setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela C Casbard
- Wales Cancer Trials Unit, Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Saly Al-Taei
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Lajos Katona
- Wales Cancer Trials Unit, Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard L Attanoos
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board and Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Zsuzsanna Tabi
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gareth O Griffiths
- Wales Cancer Trials Unit, Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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15
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Khanna S, Graef S, Mussai F, Thomas A, Wali N, Yenidunya BG, Yuan C, Morrow B, Zhang J, Korangy F, Greten TF, Steinberg SM, Stetler-Stevenson M, Middleton G, De Santo C, Hassan R. Tumor-Derived GM-CSF Promotes Granulocyte Immunosuppression in Mesothelioma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2859-2872. [PMID: 29602801 PMCID: PMC6601632 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The cross-talk between tumor cells, myeloid cells, and T cells can play a critical role in tumor pathogenesis and response to immunotherapies. Although the etiology of mesothelioma is well understood, the impact of mesothelioma tumor cells on the surrounding immune microenvironment is less well studied. In this study, the effect of the mesothelioma tumor microenvironment on circulating and infiltrating granulocytes and T cells is investigated.Experimental Design: Tumor tissues and peripheral blood from mesothelioma patients were evaluated for presence of granulocytes, which were then tested for their T-cell suppression potential. Different cocultures of granulocytes and/or mesothelioma tumor cells and/or T cells were set up to identify the mechanism of T-cell inhibition.Results: Analysis of human tumors showed that the mesothelioma microenvironment is enriched in infiltrating granulocytes, which inhibit T-cell proliferation and activation. Characterization of the whole blood at diagnosis identified similar, circulating, immunosuppressive CD11b+CD15+HLADR- granulocytes at increased frequency compared with healthy controls. Culture of healthy-donor granulocytes with human mesothelioma cells showed that GM-CSF upregulates NOX2 expression and the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from granulocytes, resulting in T-cell suppression. Immunohistochemistry and transcriptomic analysis revealed that a majority of mesothelioma tumors express GM-CSF and that higher GM-CSF expression correlated with clinical progression. Blockade of GM-CSF with neutralizing antibody, or ROS inhibition, restored T-cell proliferation, suggesting that targeting of GM-CSF could be of therapeutic benefit in these patients.Conclusions: Our study presents the mechanism behind the cross-talk between mesothelioma tumors and the immune microenvironment and indicates that targeting GM-CSF could be a novel treatment strategy to augment immunotherapy in patients with mesothelioma. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2859-72. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Khanna
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Suzanne Graef
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Francis Mussai
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anish Thomas
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neha Wali
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Constance Yuan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Betsy Morrow
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jingli Zhang
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Firouzeh Korangy
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tim F Greten
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seth M Steinberg
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Office of the Clinical Director, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gary Middleton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carmela De Santo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Raffit Hassan
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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16
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Heterogeneous Contributing Factors in MPM Disease Development and Progression: Biological Advances and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010238. [PMID: 29342862 PMCID: PMC5796186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) tumors are remarkably aggressive and most patients only survive for 5–12 months; irrespective of stage; after primary symptoms appear. Compounding matters is that MPM remains unresponsive to conventional standards of care; including radiation and chemotherapy. Currently; instead of relying on molecular signatures and histological typing; MPM treatment options are guided by clinical stage and patient characteristics because the mechanism of carcinogenesis has not been fully elucidated; although about 80% of cases can be linked to asbestos exposure. Several molecular pathways have been implicated in the MPM tumor microenvironment; such as angiogenesis; apoptosis; cell-cycle regulation and several growth factor-related pathways predicted to be amenable to therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, the availability of genomic data has improved our understanding of the pathobiology of MPM. The MPM genomic landscape is dominated by inactivating mutations in several tumor suppressor genes; such as CDKN2A; BAP1 and NF2. Given the complex heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment in MPM; a better understanding of the interplay between stromal; endothelial and immune cells at the molecular level is required; to chaperone the development of improved personalized therapeutics. Many recent advances at the molecular level have been reported and several exciting new treatment options are under investigation. Here; we review the challenges and the most up-to-date biological advances in MPM pertaining to the molecular pathways implicated; progress at the genomic level; immunological progression of this fatal disease; and its link with developmental cell pathways; with an emphasis on prognostic and therapeutic treatment strategies.
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17
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Aerts JGJV, de Goeje PL, Cornelissen R, Kaijen-Lambers MEH, Bezemer K, van der Leest CH, Mahaweni NM, Kunert A, Eskens FALM, Waasdorp C, Braakman E, van der Holt B, Vulto AG, Hendriks RW, Hegmans JPJJ, Hoogsteden HC. Autologous Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Allogeneic Tumor Cell Lysate in Mesothelioma: From Mouse to Human. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:766-776. [PMID: 29233904 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Mesothelioma has been regarded as a nonimmunogenic tumor, which is also shown by the low response rates to treatments targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Previously, we demonstrated that autologous tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy increased T-cell response toward malignant mesothelioma. However, the use of autologous tumor material hampers implementation in large clinical trials, which might be overcome by using allogeneic tumor cell lines as tumor antigen source. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether allogeneic lysate-pulsed DC immunotherapy is effective in mice and safe in humans.Experimental Design: First, in two murine mesothelioma models, mice were treated with autologous DCs pulsed with either autologous or allogeneic tumor lysate or injected with PBS (negative control). Survival and tumor-directed T-cell responses of these mice were monitored. Results were taken forward in a first-in-human clinical trial, in which 9 patients were treated with 10, 25, or 50 million DCs per vaccination. DC vaccination consisted of autologous monocyte-derived DCs pulsed with tumor lysate from five mesothelioma cell lines.Results: In mice, allogeneic lysate-pulsed DC immunotherapy induced tumor-specific T cells and led to an increased survival, to a similar extent as DC immunotherapy with autologous tumor lysate. In the first-in-human clinical trial, no dose-limiting toxicities were established and radiographic responses were observed. Median PFS was 8.8 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.1-20.3] and median OS not reached (median follow-up = 22.8 months).Conclusions: DC immunotherapy with allogeneic tumor lysate is effective in mice and safe and feasible in humans. Clin Cancer Res; 24(4); 766-76. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim G J V Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Pauline L de Goeje
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robin Cornelissen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Koen Bezemer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cor H van der Leest
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niken M Mahaweni
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - André Kunert
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ferry A L M Eskens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Waasdorp
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Braakman
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bronno van der Holt
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnold G Vulto
- Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P J J Hegmans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk C Hoogsteden
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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18
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Garg AD, More S, Rufo N, Mece O, Sassano ML, Agostinis P, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Immunogenic cell death induction by anticancer chemotherapeutics. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1386829. [PMID: 29209573 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1386829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression "immunogenic cell death" (ICD) refers to a functionally unique form of cell death that facilitates (instead of suppressing) a T cell-dependent immune response specific for dead cell-derived antigens. ICD critically relies on the activation of adaptive responses in dying cells, culminating with the exposure or secretion of immunostimulatory molecules commonly referred to as "damage-associated molecular patterns". Only a few agents can elicit bona fide ICD, including some clinically established chemotherapeutics such as doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone, bleomycin, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and oxaliplatin. In this Trial Watch, we discuss recent progress on the development of ICD-inducing chemotherapeutic regimens, focusing on studies that evaluate clinical efficacy in conjunction with immunological biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sanket More
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicole Rufo
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Odeta Mece
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Livia Sassano
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Garg AD, Vara Perez M, Schaaf M, Agostinis P, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Dendritic cell-based anticancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1328341. [PMID: 28811970 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1328341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines against cancer have been extensively developed over the past two decades. Typically DC-based cancer immunotherapy entails loading patient-derived DCs with an appropriate source of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and efficient DC stimulation through a so-called "maturation cocktail" (typically a combination of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptor agonists), followed by DC reintroduction into patients. DC vaccines have been documented to (re)activate tumor-specific T cells in both preclinical and clinical settings. There is considerable clinical interest in combining DC-based anticancer vaccines with T cell-targeting immunotherapies. This reflects the established capacity of DC-based vaccines to generate a pool of TAA-specific effector T cells and facilitate their infiltration into the tumor bed. In this Trial Watch, we survey the latest trends in the preclinical and clinical development of DC-based anticancer therapeutics. We also highlight how the emergence of immune checkpoint blockers and adoptive T-cell transfer-based approaches has modified the clinical niche for DC-based vaccines within the wide cancer immunotherapy landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monica Vara Perez
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Schaaf
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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