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Liu YC, Chen P, Chang R, Liu X, Jhang JW, Enkhbat M, Chen S, Wang H, Deng C, Wang PY. Artificial tumor matrices and bioengineered tools for tumoroid generation. Biofabrication 2024; 16:022004. [PMID: 38306665 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for tumor growth and metastasis. The TME contains cancer-associated cells, tumor matrix, and tumor secretory factors. The fabrication of artificial tumors, so-called tumoroids, is of great significance for the understanding of tumorigenesis and clinical cancer therapy. The assembly of multiple tumor cells and matrix components through interdisciplinary techniques is necessary for the preparation of various tumoroids. This article discusses current methods for constructing tumoroids (tumor tissue slices and tumor cell co-culture) for pre-clinical use. This article focuses on the artificial matrix materials (natural and synthetic materials) and biofabrication techniques (cell assembly, bioengineered tools, bioprinting, and microfluidic devices) used in tumoroids. This article also points out the shortcomings of current tumoroids and potential solutions. This article aims to promotes the next-generation tumoroids and the potential of them in basic research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chiang Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ray Chang
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjian Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jhe-Wei Jhang
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325024, People's Republic of China
| | - Myagmartsend Enkhbat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Shan Chen
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325024, People's Republic of China
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2
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Hasselluhn MC, Decker-Farrell AR, Vlahos L, Thomas DH, Curiel-Garcia A, Maurer HC, Wasko UN, Tomassoni L, Sastra SA, Palermo CF, Dalton TC, Ma A, Li F, Tolosa EJ, Hibshoosh H, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Muir A, Califano A, Olive KP. Tumor Explants Elucidate a Cascade of Paracrine SHH, WNT, and VEGF Signals Driving Pancreatic Cancer Angiosuppression. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:348-361. [PMID: 37966260 PMCID: PMC10922937 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The sparse vascularity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents a mystery: What prevents this aggressive malignancy from undergoing neoangiogenesis to counteract hypoxia and better support growth? An incidental finding from prior work on paracrine communication between malignant PDAC cells and fibroblasts revealed that inhibition of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway partially relieved angiosuppression, increasing tumor vascularity through unknown mechanisms. Initial efforts to study this phenotype were hindered by difficulties replicating the complex interactions of multiple cell types in vitro. Here we identify a cascade of paracrine signals between multiple cell types that act sequentially to suppress angiogenesis in PDAC. Malignant epithelial cells promote HH signaling in fibroblasts, leading to inhibition of noncanonical WNT signaling in fibroblasts and epithelial cells, thereby limiting VEGFR2-dependent activation of endothelial hypersprouting. This cascade was elucidated using human and murine PDAC explant models, which effectively retain the complex cellular interactions of native tumor tissues. SIGNIFICANCE We present a key mechanism of tumor angiosuppression, a process that sculpts the physiologic, cellular, and metabolic environment of PDAC. We further present a computational and experimental framework for the dissection of complex signaling cascades that propagate among multiple cell types in the tissue environment. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C. Hasselluhn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Amanda R. Decker-Farrell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Lukas Vlahos
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Alvaro Curiel-Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - H. Carlo Maurer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Urszula N. Wasko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Lorenzo Tomassoni
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Stephen A. Sastra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Carmine F. Palermo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Tanner C. Dalton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Alice Ma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Fangda Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ezequiel J. Tolosa
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hanina Hibshoosh
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Alexander Muir
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrea Califano
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Kenneth P. Olive
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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Carranza-Rosales P, Valencia-Mercado D, Esquivel-Hernández O, González-Geroniz MI, Bañuelos-García JI, Castruita-Ávila AL, Sánchez-Prieto MA, Viveros-Valdez E, Morán-Martínez J, Balderas-Rentería I, Guzmán-Delgado NE, Carranza-Torres IE. Breast Cancer Tissue Explants: An Approach to Develop Personalized Therapy in Public Health Services. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1521. [PMID: 37888132 PMCID: PMC10608341 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Lately, there is great interest in developing methods that assess individual sensitivity and/or resistance of tumors to antineoplastics to provide personalized therapy for patients. In this study we used organotypic culture of human breast tumor slices to predict the experimental effect of antineoplastics on the viability of tumoral tissue. Samples of breast tumor were taken from 27 patients with clinically advanced breast cancer; slices were obtained and incubated separately for 48 h with paclitaxel, docetaxel, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and cell culture media (control). We determined an experimental tumor sensitivity/resistance (S/R) profile by evaluating tissue viability using the Alamar Blue® metabolic test, and by structural viability (histopathological analyses, necrosis, and inflammation). These parameters were related to immunohistochemical expression of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. The predominant histological type found was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (85.2%), followed by lobular carcinoma (7.4%) and mixed carcinoma (7.4%). Experimental drug resistance was related to positive hormone receptor status in 83% of samples treated with cyclophosphamide (p = 0.027). Results suggest that the tumor S/R profile can help to predict personalized therapy or optimize chemotherapeutic treatments in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Carranza-Rosales
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calle Jesús Dionisio González # 501, Col. Independencia, Monterrey 64720, NL, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Valencia-Mercado
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia No. 23, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Avenida Constitución y Félix U, Gómez s/n, Colonia Centro, Monterrey 64000, NL, Mexico; (D.V.-M.); (O.E.-H.); (M.I.G.-G.); (J.I.B.-G.)
| | - Olga Esquivel-Hernández
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia No. 23, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Avenida Constitución y Félix U, Gómez s/n, Colonia Centro, Monterrey 64000, NL, Mexico; (D.V.-M.); (O.E.-H.); (M.I.G.-G.); (J.I.B.-G.)
| | - Manuel Ismael González-Geroniz
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia No. 23, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Avenida Constitución y Félix U, Gómez s/n, Colonia Centro, Monterrey 64000, NL, Mexico; (D.V.-M.); (O.E.-H.); (M.I.G.-G.); (J.I.B.-G.)
| | - José Inocente Bañuelos-García
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia No. 23, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Avenida Constitución y Félix U, Gómez s/n, Colonia Centro, Monterrey 64000, NL, Mexico; (D.V.-M.); (O.E.-H.); (M.I.G.-G.); (J.I.B.-G.)
| | - Ana Lilia Castruita-Ávila
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 25, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av Fidel Velázquez s/n, Mitras Nte., Monterrey 64180, NL, Mexico; (A.L.C.-Á.); (M.A.S.-P.)
| | - Mario Alberto Sánchez-Prieto
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 25, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av Fidel Velázquez s/n, Mitras Nte., Monterrey 64180, NL, Mexico; (A.L.C.-Á.); (M.A.S.-P.)
| | - Ezequiel Viveros-Valdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico;
| | - Javier Morán-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Ultraestructura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Av. Morelos 900-Oriente, Primera de Cobián Centro, Torreón 27000, CH, Mexico;
| | - Isaías Balderas-Rentería
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico;
| | - Nancy Elena Guzmán-Delgado
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Cardiología No. 34, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Lincoln S/N, Col. Valle Verde 2do. Sector, Monterrey 64360, NL, Mexico
| | - Irma Edith Carranza-Torres
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calle Jesús Dionisio González # 501, Col. Independencia, Monterrey 64720, NL, Mexico;
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico;
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4
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Massa C, Seliger B. Combination of multiple omics techniques for a personalized therapy or treatment selection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1258013. [PMID: 37828984 PMCID: PMC10565668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite targeted therapies and immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients, only a limited number of patients have long-term responses. Moreover, due to differences within cancer patients in the tumor mutational burden, composition of the tumor microenvironment as well as of the peripheral immune system and microbiome, and in the development of immune escape mechanisms, there is no "one fit all" therapy. Thus, the treatment of patients must be personalized based on the specific molecular, immunologic and/or metabolic landscape of their tumor. In order to identify for each patient the best possible therapy, different approaches should be employed and combined. These include (i) the use of predictive biomarkers identified on large cohorts of patients with the same tumor type and (ii) the evaluation of the individual tumor with "omics"-based analyses as well as its ex vivo characterization for susceptibility to different therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Massa
- Institute for Translational Immunology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute for Translational Immunology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Labadie KP, Kreuser SA, Brempelis KJ, Daniel SK, Jiang X, Sullivan KM, Utria AF, Kenerson HL, Kim TS, Crane CA, Pillarisetty VG. Production of an interleukin-10 blocking antibody by genetically engineered macrophages increases cancer cell death in human gastrointestinal tumor slice cultures. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1227-1233. [PMID: 37296315 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although it can promote effector T-cell function, the summative effect of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) appears to be suppressive; therefore, blocking this critical regulatory cytokine has therapeutic potential to enhance antitumor immune function. As macrophages efficiently localize to the TME, we hypothesized that they could be used as a delivery vehicle for drugs designed to block this pathway. To test our hypothesis, we created and evaluated genetically engineered macrophages (GEMs) that produce an IL-10-blocking antibody (αIL-10). Healthy donor human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were differentiated and transduced with a novel lentivirus (LV) encoding BT-063, a humanized αIL-10 antibody. The efficacy of αIL-10 GEMs was assessed in human gastrointestinal tumor slice culture models developed from resected specimens of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma primary tumors and colorectal cancer liver metastases. LV transduction led to sustained production of BT-063 by αIL-10 GEMs for at least 21 days. Transduction did not alter GEM phenotype as evaluated by flow cytometry, but αIL-10 GEMs produced measurable quantities of BT-063 in the TME that was associated with an ~5-fold higher rate of tumor cell apoptosis than control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Labadie
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shannon A Kreuser
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine J Brempelis
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sara K Daniel
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiuyun Jiang
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin M Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alan F Utria
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heidi L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Courtney A Crane
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Venu G Pillarisetty
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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6
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Kayser C, Brauer A, Susanne S, Wandmacher AM. The challenge of making the right choice: patient avatars in the era of cancer immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1237565. [PMID: 37638045 PMCID: PMC10449253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1237565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are a key therapeutic strategy to fight cancer. Diverse approaches are used to activate tumor-directed immunity and to overcome tumor immune escape. The dynamic interplay between tumor cells and their tumor(immune)microenvironment (T(I)ME) poses a major challenge to create appropriate model systems. However, those model systems are needed to gain novel insights into tumor (immune) biology and a prerequisite to accurately develop and test immunotherapeutic approaches which can be successfully translated into clinical application. Several model systems have been established and advanced into so-called patient avatars to mimic the patient´s tumor biology. All models have their advantages but also disadvantages underscoring the necessity to pay attention in defining the rationale and requirements for which the patient avatar will be used. Here, we briefly outline the current state of tumor model systems used for tumor (immune)biological analysis as well as evaluation of immunotherapeutic agents. Finally, we provide a recommendation for further development to make patient avatars a complementary tool for testing and predicting immunotherapeutic strategies for personalization of tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Kayser
- Group of Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Annika Brauer
- Group of Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebens Susanne
- Group of Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Maxi Wandmacher
- Group of Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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7
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Siwczak F, Hiller C, Pfannkuche H, Schneider MR. Culture of vibrating microtome tissue slices as a 3D model in biomedical research. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:36. [PMID: 37264444 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic idea behind the use of 3-dimensional (3D) tools in biomedical research is the assumption that the structures under study will perform at the best in vitro if cultivated in an environment that is as similar as possible to their natural in vivo embedding. Tissue slicing fulfills this premise optimally: it is an accessible, unexpensive, imaging-friendly, and technically rather simple procedure which largely preserves the extracellular matrix and includes all or at least most supportive cell types in the correct tissue architecture with little cellular damage. Vibrating microtomes (vibratomes) can further improve the quality of the generated slices because of the lateral, saw-like movement of the blade, which significantly reduces tissue pulling or tearing compared to a straight cut. In spite of its obvious advantages, vibrating microtome slices are rather underrepresented in the current discussion on 3D tools, which is dominated by methods as organoids, organ-on-chip and bioprinting. Here, we review the development of vibrating microtome tissue slices, the major technical features underlying its application, as well as its current use and potential advances, such as a combination with novel microfluidic culture chambers. Once fully integrated into the 3D toolbox, tissue slices may significantly contribute to decrease the use of laboratory animals and is likely to have a strong impact on basic and translational research as well as drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatina Siwczak
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hiller
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helga Pfannkuche
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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8
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Wu KZ, Adine C, Mitriashkin A, Aw BJJ, Iyer NG, Fong ELS. Making In Vitro Tumor Models Whole Again. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202279. [PMID: 36718949 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
As a reductionist approach, patient-derived in vitro tumor models are inherently still too simplistic for personalized drug testing as they do not capture many characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as tumor architecture and stromal heterogeneity. This is especially problematic for assessing stromal-targeting drugs such as immunotherapies in which the density and distribution of immune and other stromal cells determine drug efficacy. On the other end, in vivo models are typically costly, low-throughput, and time-consuming to establish. Ex vivo patient-derived tumor explant (PDE) cultures involve the culture of resected tumor fragments that potentially retain the intact TME of the original tumor. Although developed decades ago, PDE cultures have not been widely adopted likely because of their low-throughput and poor long-term viability. However, with growing recognition of the importance of patient-specific TME in mediating drug response, especially in the field of immune-oncology, there is an urgent need to resurrect these holistic cultures. In this Review, the key limitations of patient-derived tumor explant cultures are outlined and technologies that have been developed or could be employed to address these limitations are discussed. Engineered holistic tumor explant cultures may truly realize the concept of personalized medicine for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Zhuoran Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119276, Singapore
| | - Christabella Adine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119276, Singapore
| | - Aleksandr Mitriashkin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119276, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Jun Jie Aw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119276, Singapore
| | - N Gopalakrishna Iyer
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Eliza Li Shan Fong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119276, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute (CSI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
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9
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Dong M, Böpple K, Thiel J, Winkler B, Liang C, Schueler J, Davies EJ, Barry ST, Metsalu T, Mürdter TE, Sauer G, Ott G, Schwab M, Aulitzky WE. Perfusion Air Culture of Precision-Cut Tumor Slices: An Ex Vivo System to Evaluate Individual Drug Response under Controlled Culture Conditions. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050807. [PMID: 36899943 PMCID: PMC10001200 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision-cut tumor slices (PCTS) maintain tissue heterogeneity concerning different cell types and preserve the tumor microenvironment (TME). Typically, PCTS are cultured statically on a filter support at an air-liquid interface, which gives rise to intra-slice gradients during culture. To overcome this problem, we developed a perfusion air culture (PAC) system that can provide a continuous and controlled oxygen medium, and drug supply. This makes it an adaptable ex vivo system for evaluating drug responses in a tissue-specific microenvironment. PCTS from mouse xenografts (MCF-7, H1437) and primary human ovarian tumors (primary OV) cultured in the PAC system maintained the morphology, proliferation, and TME for more than 7 days, and no intra-slice gradients were observed. Cultured PCTS were analyzed for DNA damage, apoptosis, and transcriptional biomarkers for the cellular stress response. For the primary OV slices, cisplatin treatment induced a diverse increase in the cleavage of caspase-3 and PD-L1 expression, indicating a heterogeneous response to drug treatment between patients. Immune cells were preserved throughout the culturing period, indicating that immune therapy can be analyzed. The novel PAC system is suitable for assessing individual drug responses and can thus be used as a preclinical model to predict in vivo therapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Dong
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-711-8101-2070
| | - Kathrin Böpple
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Thiel
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernd Winkler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Robert Bosch Hospital, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Chunguang Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schueler
- Charles River Germany GmbH, Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emma J. Davies
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Simon T. Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Tauno Metsalu
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, 51009 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Thomas E. Mürdter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Georg Sauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Robert Bosch Hospital, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert Bosch Hospital, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Nascentes Melo LM, Kumar S, Riess V, Szylo KJ, Eisenburger R, Schadendorf D, Ubellacker JM, Tasdogan A. Advancements in melanoma cancer metastasis models. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023; 36:206-223. [PMID: 36478190 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a complex and deadly disease. Due to its complexity, the development of novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit metastatic melanoma remains an outstanding challenge. Our ability to study metastasis is advanced with the development of in vitro and in vivo models that better mimic the different steps of the metastatic cascade beginning from primary tumor initiation to final metastatic seeding. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of in vitro models, in vivo models, and in silico platforms to study the individual steps of melanoma metastasis. Furthermore, we highlight the advantages and limitations of each model and discuss the challenges of how to improve current models to enhance translation for melanoma cancer patients and future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen and German Cancer Consortium, Essen, Germany
| | - Valeria Riess
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen and German Cancer Consortium, Essen, Germany
| | - Krystina J Szylo
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robin Eisenburger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen and German Cancer Consortium, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen and German Cancer Consortium, Essen, Germany
| | - Jessalyn M Ubellacker
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alpaslan Tasdogan
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen and German Cancer Consortium, Essen, Germany
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11
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Establishment and Molecular Characterization of Two Patient-Derived Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines as Preclinical Models for Treatment Response. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040587. [PMID: 36831254 PMCID: PMC9954561 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is exceedingly poor. Although surgical resection is the only curative treatment option, multimodal treatment is of the utmost importance, as only about 20% of tumors are primarily resectable at the time of diagnosis. The choice of chemotherapeutic treatment regimens involving gemcitabine and FOLFIRINOX is currently solely based on the patient's performance status, but, ideally, it should be based on the tumors' individual biology. We established two novel patient-derived primary cell lines from surgical PDAC specimens. LuPanc-1 and LuPanc-2 were derived from a pT3, pN1, G2 and a pT3, pN2, G3 tumor, respectively, and the clinical follow-up was fully annotated. STR-genotyping revealed a unique profile for both cell lines. The population doubling time of LuPanc-2 was substantially longer than that of LuPanc-1 (84 vs. 44 h). Both cell lines exhibited a typical epithelial morphology and expressed moderate levels of CK7 and E-cadherin. LuPanc-1, but not LuPanc-2, co-expressed E-cadherin and vimentin at the single-cell level, suggesting a mixed epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation. LuPanc-1 had a missense mutation (p.R282W) and LuPanc-2 had a frameshift deletion (p.P89X) in TP53. BRCA2 was nonsense-mutated (p.Q780*) and CREBBP was missense-mutated (p.P279R) in LuPanc-1. CDKN2A was missense-mutated (p.H83Y) in LuPanc-2. Notably, only LuPanc-2 harbored a partial or complete deletion of DPC4. LuPanc-1 cells exhibited high basal and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced migratory activity in real-time cell migration assays, while LuPanc-2 was refractory. Both LuPanc-1 and LuPanc-2 cells responded to treatment with TGF-β1 with the activation of SMAD2; however, only LuPanc-1 cells were able to induce TGF-β1 target genes, which is consistent with the absence of DPC4 in LuPanc-2 cells. Both cell lines were able to form spheres in a semi-solid medium and in cell viability assays, LuPanc-1 cells were more sensitive than LuPanc-2 cells to treatment with gemcitabine and FOLFIRINOX. In summary, both patient-derived cell lines show distinct molecular phenotypes reflecting their individual tumor biology, with a unique clinical annotation of the respective patients. These preclinical ex vivo models can be further explored for potential new treatment strategies and might help in developing personalized (targeted) therapy regimens.
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12
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Szekerczés T, Selvam AK, Moro CF, Elduayen SP, Dillner J, Björnstedt M, Ghaderi M. Exploration of Patient-Derived Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Ex Vivo Tissue for Treatment Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010167. [PMID: 36671030 PMCID: PMC9855166 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived tissue culture models are valuable tools to investigate drug effects and targeted treatment approaches. Resected tumor slices cultured ex vivo have recently gained interest in precision medicine, since they reflect the complex microenvironment of cancer tissue. In this study, we examined the treatment response to an internally developed ex vivo tissue culture model from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and in vitro analysis. Seven PDAC tissues were cultured and subsequently treated with indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA). IPA, which is known as an agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway, has antioxidant properties. Genome-wide transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed activation of AHR pathway genes (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, significant upregulation of AHR repressor genes AHRR and TiPARP was also observed (p ≤ 0.05), which is indicative of the negative feedback loop activation of AHR pathway signaling. The overall transcriptomic response to IPA indicated that the tissues are biologically active and respond accordingly to exogenous treatment. Cell culture analysis confirmed the significant induction of selected AHR genes by IPA. A morphological examination of the paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tissue did not show obvious signs of IPA treatment related to tumor cell damage. This study is a proof of concept that ex vivo patient-derived tissue models offer a valuable tool in precision medicine to monitor the effect of personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Szekerczés
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Arun Kumar Selvam
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Carlos Fernández Moro
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soledad Pouso Elduayen
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Björnstedt
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehran Ghaderi
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (M.G.)
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13
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Role of Patient-Derived Models of Cancer in Translational Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010139. [PMID: 36612135 PMCID: PMC9817860 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Each individual tumor is unique and characterized by structural, cellular, genetic and molecular features. Therefore, patient-derived cancer models are indispensable tools in cancer research and have been actively introduced into the healthcare system. For instance, patient-derived models provide a good reproducibility of susceptibility and resistance of cancer cells against drugs, allowing personalized therapy for patients. In this article, we review the advantages and disadvantages of the following patient-derived models of cancer: (1) PDC-patient-derived cell culture, (2) PDS-patient-derived spheroids and PDO-patient-derived organoids, (3) PDTSC-patient-derived tissue slice cultures, (4) PDX-patient-derived xenografts, humanized PDX, as well as PDXC-PDX-derived cell cultures and PDXO-PDX-derived organoids. We also provide an overview of current clinical investigations and new developments in the area of patient-derived cancer models. Moreover, attention is paid to databases of patient-derived cancer models, which are collected in specialized repositories. We believe that the widespread use of patient-derived cancer models will improve our knowledge in cancer cell biology and contribute to the development of more effective personalized cancer treatment strategies.
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14
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Weitz J, Montecillo Gulay KC, Hurtado de Mendoza T, Tiriac H, Baumgartner J, Kelly K, Veerapong J, Lowy AM. Culture and Imaging of Ex Vivo Organotypic Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Tumor Slices from Resected Human Tumor Specimens. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/64620. [PMID: 36571414 PMCID: PMC10880464 DOI: 10.3791/64620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare condition that results from the dissemination of a mucinous primary tumor and the resultant accumulation of mucin-secreting tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity. PMP can arise from various types of cancers, including appendiceal, ovarian, and colorectal, though appendiceal neoplasms are by far the most common etiology. PMP is challenging to study due to its (1) rarity, (2) limited murine models, and (3) mucinous, acellular histology. The method presented here allows real-time visualization and interrogation of these tumor types using patient-derived ex vivo organotypic slices in a preparation where the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains intact. In this protocol, we first describe the preparation of tumor slices using a vibratome and subsequent long-term culture. Second, we describe confocal imaging of tumor slices and how to monitor functional readouts of viability, calcium imaging, and local proliferation. In short, slices are loaded with imaging dyes and are placed in an imaging chamber that can be mounted onto a confocal microscope. Time-lapse videos and confocal images are used to assess the initial viability and cellular functionality. This procedure also explores translational cellular movement, and paracrine signaling interactions in the TME. Lastly, we describe a dissociation protocol for tumor slices to be used for flow cytometry analysis. Quantitative flow cytometry analysis can be used for bench-to-bedside therapeutic testing to determine changes occurring within the immune landscape and epithelial cell content.
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15
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Bockorny B, Grossman JE, Hidalgo M. Facts and Hopes in Immunotherapy of Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4606-4617. [PMID: 35775964 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most challenging cancers to treat. For patients with advanced and metastatic disease, chemotherapy has yielded only modest incremental benefits, which are not durable. Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of other solid tumors by leading to cures where none existed only a decade ago, yet it has made few inroads with PDAC. A host of trials with promising preclinical data have failed, except for in a small minority of patients with selected biomarkers. There is, however, a glimmer of hope, which we seek to cultivate. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the uniquely immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in PDAC, learnings from completed trials of checkpoint inhibitors, TME modifiers, cellular and vaccine therapies, oncolytic viruses, and other novel approaches. We go on to discuss our expectations for improved preclinical models of immunotherapy in PDAC, new approaches to modifying the TME including the myeloid compartment, and emerging biomarkers to better select patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. We also discuss improvements in clinical trial design specific to immunotherapy that will help us better measure success when we find it. Finally, we discuss the urgent imperative to better design and execute bold, but rational, combination trials of novel agents designed to cure patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bockorny
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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16
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He L, Deng C. Recent advances in organotypic tissue slice cultures for anticancer drug development. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5885-5896. [PMID: 36263166 PMCID: PMC9576528 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.78997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Organotypic tissue slice culture is established from animal or patient tissues and cultivated in an in vitro ecosystem. This technique has made countless contributions to anticancer drug development due to the vast number of advantages, such as the preservation of the cell repertoire and immune components, identification of invasive ability of tumors, toxicity determination of compounds, quick assessment of therapeutic efficacy, and high predictive performance of drug responses. Importantly, it serves as a reliable tool to stratify therapeutic responders from nonresponders and select the optimal standard-of-care treatment regimens for personalized medicine, which is expected to become a potent platform and even the gold standard for anticancer drug screening of individualization in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Chu-Xia Deng, Ph.D. Dean and Chair Professor, E12, Room 4041, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China. Phone: (853) 8822 4997; Fax: 8822 2314; E-mail:
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17
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Moro CF, Selvam AK, Ghaderi M, Pimenoff VN, Gerling M, Bozóky B, Elduayen SP, Dillner J, Björnstedt M. Drug-induced tumor-specific cytotoxicity in a whole tissue ex vivo model of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965182. [PMID: 36059619 PMCID: PMC9436406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer. PDAC has a dismal prognosis and an inherent resistance to cytostatic drugs. The lack of reliable experimental models is a severe limitation for drug development targeting PDAC. We have employed a whole tissue ex vivo culture model to explore the effect of redox-modulation by sodium selenite on the viability and growth of PDAC. Drug-resistant tumors are more vulnerable to redox-active selenium compounds because of high metabolic activity and redox imbalance. Sodium selenite efficiently and specifically reduced PDAC cell viability (p <0.02) (n=8) and decreased viable de novo tumor cell outgrowth (p<0.05) while preserving non-neoplastic tissues. Major cellular responses (damaged tumor cells > 90%, tumor regression grades III-IV according to Evans) were observed for sodium selenite concentrations between 15-30 µM. Moreover, selenium levels used in this study were significantly below the previously reported maximum tolerated dose for humans. Transcriptome data analysis revealed decreased expression of genes known to drive PDAC growth and metastatic potential (CEMIP, DDR2, PLOD2, P4HA1) while the cell death-inducing genes (ATF3, ACHE) were significantly upregulated (p<0.0001). In conclusion, we report that sodium selenite has an extraordinary efficacy and specificity against drug-resistant pancreatic cancer in an organotypic slice culture model. Our ex vivo organotypic tissue slice culture model can be used to test a variety of drug candidates for swift and reliable drug responses to individual PDAC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernández Moro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology F46, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arun Kumar Selvam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology F46, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehran Ghaderi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology F46, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ville N. Pimenoff
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology F46, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Gerling
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Tema Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Béla Bozóky
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soledad Pouso Elduayen
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology F46, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Björnstedt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology F46, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Mikael Björnstedt,
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18
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Lim CY, Chang JH, Lee WS, Kim J, Park IY. CD40 Agonists Alter the Pancreatic Cancer Microenvironment by Shifting the Macrophage Phenotype toward M1 and Suppress Human Pancreatic Cancer in Organotypic Slice Cultures. Gut Liver 2022; 16:645-659. [PMID: 34933280 PMCID: PMC9289829 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims CD40 agonists are thought to generate antitumor effects on pancreatic cancer via macrophages and T cells. We aimed to investigate the role of CD40 agonists in the differentiation of macrophages and treatment of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded surgical blocks from patients with pancreatic cancers to evaluate macrophage phenotypes and their relationship with survival. The effects of CD40 agonists on macrophage phenotypes and human pancreatic cancer were evaluated utilizing cell cocultures and organotypic slice cultures. Results CD163+ (predominant in M2 macrophages) and FOXP3+ (predominant in regulatory T cells) expression levels in the tumors were significantly lower in patients with stage IB pancreatic cancer than in those with stage II or III disease (p=0.002 and p=0.003, respectively). Patients with high CD163+ expression had shorter overall survival than those with low CD163+ expression (p=0.002). In vitro treatment of THP-1 macrophages with a CD40 agonist led to an increase in HLA-DR+ (predominant in M1 macrophages) and a decrease in CD163+ expression in THP-1 cells. Cell cocultures showed that CD40 agonists facilitate the suppression of PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells by THP-1 macrophages. Organotypic slice cultures showed that CD40 agonists alter the pancreatic cancer microenvironment by shifting the macrophage phenotype toward M1 (increase HLA-DR+ and decrease CD163+ expression), decreasing the abundance of regulatory T cells, and increasing tumor cell apoptosis. Conclusions CD163 is related to advanced human pancreatic cancer stages and shorter overall survival. CD40 agonists alter macrophage phenotype polarization to favor the M1 phenotype and suppress human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Yoon Lim
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyuck Chang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Sun Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeana Kim
- Departments of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Young Park
- Departments of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Affolter A, Kern J, Bieback K, Scherl C, Rotter N, Lammert A. Biomarkers and 3D models predicting response to immune checkpoint blockade in head and neck cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:88. [PMID: 35642667 PMCID: PMC9183766 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has evolved into a powerful tool in the fight against a number of types of cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Although checkpoint inhibition (CPI) has definitely enriched the treatment options for advanced stage HNSCC during the past decade, the percentage of patients responding to treatment is widely varying between 14-32% in second-line setting in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC with a sporadic durability. Clinical response and, consecutively, treatment success remain unpredictable in most of the cases. One potential factor is the expression of target molecules of the tumor allowing cancer cells to acquire therapy resistance mechanisms. Accordingly, analyzing and modeling the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is key to i) stratify subgroups of patients most likely to respond to CPI and ii) to define new combinatorial treatment regimens. Particularly in a heterogeneous disease such as HNSCC, thoroughly studying the interactions and crosstalking between tumor and TME cells is one of the biggest challenges. Sophisticated 3D models are therefore urgently needed to be able to validate such basic science hypotheses and to test novel immuno-oncologic treatment regimens in consideration of the individual biology of each tumor. The present review will first summarize recent findings on immunotherapy, predictive biomarkers, the role of the TME and signaling cascades eliciting during CPI. Second, it will highlight the significance of current promising approaches to establish HNSCC 3D models for new immunotherapies. The results are encouraging and indicate that data obtained from patient-specific tumors in a dish might be finally translated into personalized immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Affolter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johann Kern
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden‑Württemberg‑Hessen, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Scherl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicole Rotter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Lammert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
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20
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Precision-Cut Tumor Slices (PCTS) as an Ex Vivo Model in Immunotherapy Research. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11020026. [PMID: 35466279 PMCID: PMC9036232 DOI: 10.3390/antib11020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision-cut tumor slices (PCTS) have recently emerged as important ex vivo human tumor models, offering the opportunity to study individual patient responses to targeted immunotherapies, including CAR-T cell therapies. In this review, an outline of different human tumor models available in laboratory settings is provided, with a focus on the unique characteristics of PCTS. Standard PCTS generation and maintenance procedures are outlined, followed by an in-depth overview of PCTS utilization in preclinical research aiming to better understand the unique functional characteristics of cytotoxic T cells within human tumors. Furthermore, recent studies using PCTS as an ex vivo model for predicting patient responses to immunotherapies and other targeted therapies against solid tumors are thoroughly presented. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the PCTS models are discussed. PCTS are expected to gain momentum and be fully utilized as a significant tool towards better patient stratification and personalized medicine.
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Templeton AR, Jeffery PL, Thomas PB, Perera MPJ, Ng G, Calabrese AR, Nicholls C, Mackenzie NJ, Wood J, Bray LJ, Vela I, Thompson EW, Williams ED. Patient-Derived Explants as a Precision Medicine Patient-Proximal Testing Platform Informing Cancer Management. Front Oncol 2022; 11:767697. [PMID: 34988013 PMCID: PMC8721047 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.767697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine approaches that inform clinical management of individuals with cancer are progressively advancing. Patient-derived explants (PDEs) provide a patient-proximal ex vivo platform that can be used to assess sensitivity to standard of care (SOC) therapies and novel agents. PDEs have several advantages as a patient-proximal model compared to current preclinical models, as they maintain the phenotype and microenvironment of the individual tumor. However, the longevity of PDEs is not compatible with the timeframe required to incorporate candidate therapeutic options identified by whole exome sequencing (WES) of the patient’s tumor. This review investigates how PDE longevity varies across tumor streams and how this is influenced by tissue preparation. Improving longevity of PDEs will enable individualized therapeutics testing, and thus contribute to improving outcomes for people with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby R Templeton
- School of Biomedical Sciences at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland (APCRC-Q), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Penny L Jeffery
- School of Biomedical Sciences at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland (APCRC-Q), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick B Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland (APCRC-Q), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mahasha P J Perera
- School of Biomedical Sciences at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland (APCRC-Q), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital (PAH), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gary Ng
- Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital (PAH), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alivia R Calabrese
- School of Biomedical Sciences at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland (APCRC-Q), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clarissa Nicholls
- School of Biomedical Sciences at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nathan J Mackenzie
- School of Biomedical Sciences at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland (APCRC-Q), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jack Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura J Bray
- Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian Vela
- School of Biomedical Sciences at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland (APCRC-Q), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital (PAH), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- School of Biomedical Sciences at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- School of Biomedical Sciences at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland (APCRC-Q), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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22
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Claridge SE, Cavallo JA, Hopkins BD. Patient-Derived In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1361:215-233. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91836-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Gündel B, Liu X, Löhr M, Heuchel R. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Preclinical in vitro and ex vivo Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:741162. [PMID: 34746135 PMCID: PMC8569794 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.741162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most overlooked cancers despite its dismal median survival time of 6 months. The biggest challenges in improving patient survival are late diagnosis due to lack of diagnostic markers, and limited treatment options due to almost complete therapy resistance. The past decades of research identified the dense stroma and the complex interplay/crosstalk between the cancer- and the different stromal cells as the main culprits for the slow progress in improving patient outcome. For better ex vivo simulation of this complex tumor microenvironment the models used in PDAC research likewise need to become more diverse. Depending on the focus of the investigation, several in vitro and in vivo models for PDAC have been established in the past years. Particularly, 3D cell culture such as spheroids and organoids have become more frequently used. This review aims to examine current PDAC in vitro models, their inherent limitations, and their successful implementations in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Gündel
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Matthias Löhr
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Upper GI, C1:77, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rainer Heuchel
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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24
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Xing F, Liu YC, Huang S, Lyu X, Su SM, Chan UI, Wu PC, Yan Y, Ai N, Li J, Zhao M, Rajendran BK, Liu J, Shao F, Sun H, Choi TK, Zhu W, Luo G, Liu S, Xu DL, Chan KL, Zhao Q, Miao K, Luo KQ, Ge W, Xu X, Wang G, Liu TM, Deng CX. Accelerating precision anti-cancer therapy by time-lapse and label-free 3D tumor slice culture platform. Theranostics 2021; 11:9415-9430. [PMID: 34646378 PMCID: PMC8490519 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of personalized medicine for cancer treatment is largely hampered by costly, labor-intensive and time-consuming models for drug discovery. Herein, establishing new pre-clinical models to tackle these issues for personalized medicine is urgently demanded. Methods: We established a three-dimensional tumor slice culture (3D-TSC) platform incorporating label-free techniques for time-course experiments to predict anti-cancer drug efficacy and validated the 3D-TSC model by multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, RNA sequence analysis, histochemical and histological analysis. Results: Using time-lapse imaging of the apoptotic reporter sensor C3 (C3), we performed cell-based high-throughput drug screening and shortlisted high-efficacy drugs to screen murine and human 3D-TSCs, which validate effective candidates within 7 days of surgery. Histological and RNA sequence analyses demonstrated that 3D-TSCs accurately preserved immune components of the original tumor, which enables the successful achievement of immune checkpoint blockade assays with antibodies against PD-1 and/or PD-L1. Label-free multiphoton fluorescence imaging revealed that 3D-TSCs exhibit lipofuscin autofluorescence features in the time-course monitoring of drug response and efficacy. Conclusion: This technology accelerates precision anti-cancer therapy by providing a cheap, fast, and easy platform for anti-cancer drug discovery.
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25
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Weitz JR, Tiriac H, Hurtado de Mendoza T, Wascher A, Lowy AM. Using Organotypic Tissue Slices to Investigate the Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer: Pharmacotyping and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194991. [PMID: 34638476 PMCID: PMC8507648 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the highest mortality rate of all major cancers and, disappointingly, neither immune- nor stroma-directed therapies are found to improve upon the current standard of care. Among the most challenging aspects of PDAC biology which impede clinical success are the physiological features of the pancreatic cancer microenvironment (TME), including the presence of a highly fibrotic extracellular matrix marked by perineural invasion and an immunosuppressive milieu. Many current strategies for PDAC therapy are focused on altering these features to improve therapeutic efficacy. This review discusses the recent investigations using organotypic tumor slices as a model system to study cellular and extracellular interactions of the pancreatic TME. Future studies utilizing such models may provide new insights into the TME by identifying mechanisms of communication between multiple cell types and investigating novel therapeutic approaches for personalized cancer therapy. Abstract Organotypic tissue slices prepared from patient tumors are a semi-intact ex vivo preparation that recapitulates many aspects of the tumor microenvironment (TME). While connections to the vasculature and nervous system are severed, the integral functional elements of the tumor remain intact for many days during the slice culture. During this window of time, the slice platforms offer a suite of molecular, biomechanical and functional tools to investigate PDAC biology. In this review, we first briefly discuss the development of pancreatic tissue slices as a model system. Next, we touch upon using slices as an orthogonal approach to study the TME as compared to other established 3D models, such as organoids. Distinct from most other models, the pancreatic slices contain autologous immune and other stromal cells. Taking advantage of the existing immune cells within the slices, we will discuss the breakthrough studies which investigate the immune compartment in the pancreas slices. These studies will provide an important framework for future investigations seeking to exploit or reprogram the TME for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Robert Weitz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (J.R.W.); (H.T.); (T.H.d.M.); (A.W.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Herve Tiriac
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (J.R.W.); (H.T.); (T.H.d.M.); (A.W.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tatiana Hurtado de Mendoza
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (J.R.W.); (H.T.); (T.H.d.M.); (A.W.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexis Wascher
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (J.R.W.); (H.T.); (T.H.d.M.); (A.W.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew M. Lowy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (J.R.W.); (H.T.); (T.H.d.M.); (A.W.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-822-2124
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26
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Nivolumab Reduces PD1 Expression and Alters Density and Proliferation of Tumor Infiltrating Immune Cells in a Tissue Slice Culture Model of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184511. [PMID: 34572738 PMCID: PMC8471479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a first-choice therapy option in the treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). A predictive biomarker is urgently needed since not all patients respond and adverse events occur. Therefore, an ex vivo tissue slice culture (TSC) model was tested to investigate the effects of nivolumab on tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIIC). A decrease in programmed death receptor 1 expression, as well as effects on density and proliferation of TIIC, were observed. Thus, the TSC model could serve as a test platform for response prediction to ICIs. Abstract Background: In the treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), nivolumab is an established component of the first-line therapy with a favorable impact on progression free survival and overall survival. However, treatment-related adverse effects occur and, to date, there is no approved predictive biomarker for patient stratification. Thus, the aim of this study was to establish an ex vivo tissue slice culture model of ccRCC and to elucidate the impact of nivolumab on tumor infiltrating immune cells. Methods: Fresh tumor tissue of ccRCC was treated with the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab using ex vivo tissue slice culture (TSC). After cultivation, tissue slices were formalin-fixed, immunohistochemically stained and analyzed via digital image analysis. Results: The TSC model was shown to be suitable for ex vivo pharmacological experiments on intratumoral immune cells in ccRCC. PD1 expression on tumor infiltrating immune cells was dose-dependently reduced after nivolumab treatment (p < 0.01), whereas density and proliferation of tumor infiltrating T-cells and cytotoxic T-cells were inter-individually altered with a remarkable variability. Tumor cell proliferation was not affected by nivolumab. Conclusions: This study could demonstrate nivolumab-dependent effects on PD1 expression and tumor infiltrating T-cells in TSC of ccRCC. This is in line with results from other scientific studies about changes in immune cell proliferation in peripheral blood in response to nivolumab. Thus, TSC of ccRCC could be a further step to personalized medicine in terms of testing the response of individual patients to nivolumab.
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27
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Hußtegge M, Hoang NA, Rebstock J, Monecke A, Gockel I, Weimann A, Schumacher G, Bechmann I, Lordick F, Kallendrusch S, Körfer J. PD-1 inhibition in patient derived tissue cultures of human gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1960729. [PMID: 34434611 PMCID: PMC8381835 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1960729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging immunotherapies quest for better patient stratification in cancer treatment decisions. Moderate response rates of PD-1 inhibition in gastric and esophagogastric junction cancers urge for meaningful human model systems that allow for investigating immune responses ex vivo. Here, the standardized patient-derived tissue culture (PDTC) model was applied to investigate tumor response to the PD-1 inhibitor Nivolumab and the CD3/CD28 t-lymphocyte activator ImmunoCultTM. Resident t-lymphocytes, tumor proliferation and apoptosis, as well as bulk gene expression data were analyzed after 72 h of PD-1 inhibition either as monotherapy or combined with Oxaliplatin or ImmunoCultTM. Individual responses to PD-1 inhibition were found ex vivo and combination with chemotherapy or t-lymphocyte activation led to enhanced antitumoral effects in PDTCs. T-lymphocyte activation as well as the addition of pre-cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells improved PDTC for studying t-lymphocyte and tumor cell communication. These data support the potential of PDTC to investigate immunotherapy ex vivo in gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Hußtegge
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig.,Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ngoc Anh Hoang
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jakob Rebstock
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig.,Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Astrid Monecke
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arved Weimann
- Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Hospital St. Georg Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Guido Schumacher
- Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - Florian Lordick
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Justus Körfer
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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28
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Domínguez-Bendala J, Qadir MMF, Pastori RL. Temporal single-cell regeneration studies: the greatest thing since sliced pancreas? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:433-443. [PMID: 34006411 PMCID: PMC8239162 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of single-cell analytic techniques to the study of stem/progenitor cell niches supports the emerging view that pancreatic cell lineages are in a state of flux between differentiation stages. For all their value, however, such analyses merely offer a snapshot of the cellular palette of the tissue at any given time point. Conclusions about potential developmental/regeneration paths are solely based on bioinformatics inferences. In this context, the advent of new techniques for the long-term culture and lineage tracing of human pancreatic slices offers a virtual window into the native organ and presents the field with a unique opportunity to serially resolve pancreatic regeneration dynamics at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Domínguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Mirza Muhammad Fahd Qadir
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ricardo Luis Pastori
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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29
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Kenerson HL, Sullivan KM, Labadie KP, Pillarisetty VG, Yeung RS. Protocol for tissue slice cultures from human solid tumors to study therapeutic response. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100574. [PMID: 34142099 PMCID: PMC8184656 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of systemic therapy on the tumor microenvironment has been difficult to study in human solid tumors. Our protocol describes steps for establishing slice cultures to investigate response to chemotherapies, immunotherapies, or adoptive cell therapies. Endpoints include changes in viability, histology, live-cell imaging, and multi-omics analyses. The protocol has been applied to a broad array of gastrointestinal malignancies. Culture conditions and treatment parameters can be modified for specific experiments. The platform is highly flexible and easy to manipulate. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kenerson et al. (2020), Jabbari et al. (2020), Brempelis et al. (2020), and Jiang et al. (2017). Organotypic tumor slice cultures (TSCs) can be utilized to study human cancer TSCs provide a model to study effects of chemo-, immuno-, and cell-based therapies Tumor response to treatment can be assessed using multiple readouts
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L Kenerson
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kevin M Sullivan
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kevin P Labadie
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Raymond S Yeung
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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30
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Kokkinos J, Jensen A, Sharbeen G, McCarroll JA, Goldstein D, Haghighi KS, Phillips PA. Does the Microenvironment Hold the Hidden Key for Functional Precision Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102427. [PMID: 34067833 PMCID: PMC8156664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers and no significant improvement in patient survival has been seen in the past three decades. Treatment options are limited and selection of chemotherapy in the clinic is usually based on the performance status of a patient rather than the biology of their disease. In recent years, research has attempted to unlock a personalised treatment strategy by identifying actionable molecular targets in tumour cells or using preclinical models to predict the effectiveness of chemotherapy. However, these approaches rely on the biology of PDAC tumour cells only and ignore the importance of the microenvironment and fibrotic stroma. In this review, we highlight the importance of the microenvironment in driving the chemoresistant nature of PDAC and the need for preclinical models to mimic the complex multi-cellular microenvironment of PDAC in the precision medicine pipeline. We discuss the potential for ex vivo whole-tissue culture models to inform precision medicine and their role in developing novel therapeutic strategies that hit both tumour and stromal compartments in PDAC. Thus, we highlight the critical role of the tumour microenvironment that needs to be addressed before a precision medicine program for PDAC can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kokkinos
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (J.K.); (G.S.); (D.G.)
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Anya Jensen
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - George Sharbeen
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (J.K.); (G.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Joshua A. McCarroll
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (J.K.); (G.S.); (D.G.)
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Prince of Wales Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Koroush S. Haghighi
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Prince of Wales Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Phoebe A. Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (J.K.); (G.S.); (D.G.)
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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31
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Pham TND, Shields MA, Spaulding C, Principe DR, Li B, Underwood PW, Trevino JG, Bentrem DJ, Munshi HG. Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Their Utility in Immunotherapy Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030440. [PMID: 33503832 PMCID: PMC7865443 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune checkpoint blockade has provided durable clinical responses in a number of human malignancies, but not in patients with pancreatic cancer. Efforts to understand mechanisms of resistance and increase efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in pancreatic cancer require the use of appropriate preclinical models in the laboratory. Here, we discuss the benefits, caveats, and potentials for improvement of the most commonly used models, including murine-based and patient-derived models. Abstract The advent of immunotherapy has transformed the treatment landscape for several human malignancies. Antibodies against immune checkpoints, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4, demonstrate durable clinical benefits in several cancer types. However, checkpoint blockade has failed to elicit effective anti-tumor responses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which remains one of the most lethal malignancies with a dismal prognosis. As a result, there are significant efforts to identify novel immune-based combination regimens for PDAC, which are typically first tested in preclinical models. Here, we discuss the utility and limitations of syngeneic and genetically-engineered mouse models that are currently available for testing immunotherapy regimens. We also discuss patient-derived xenograft mouse models, human PDAC organoids, and ex vivo slice cultures of human PDAC tumors that can complement murine models for a more comprehensive approach to predict response and resistance to immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao N. D. Pham
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (M.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Correspondence: (T.N.D.P.); (H.G.M.); Tel.: +1-312-503-0312 (T.N.D.P.); +1-312-503-2301 (H.G.M.)
| | - Mario A. Shields
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (M.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christina Spaulding
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (M.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Daniel R. Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Patrick W. Underwood
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (P.W.U.); (J.G.T.)
| | - Jose G. Trevino
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (P.W.U.); (J.G.T.)
| | - David J. Bentrem
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Hidayatullah G. Munshi
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (M.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence: (T.N.D.P.); (H.G.M.); Tel.: +1-312-503-0312 (T.N.D.P.); +1-312-503-2301 (H.G.M.)
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Boucherit N, Gorvel L, Olive D. 3D Tumor Models and Their Use for the Testing of Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:603640. [PMID: 33362787 PMCID: PMC7758240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, immunotherapy has become a powerful and evident tool in the fight against cancers. Notably, the rise of checkpoint blockade using monoclonal antibodies (anti-CTLA4, anti-PD1) to avoid interaction between inhibitory molecules allowed the betterment of patient care. Indeed, immunotherapies led to increased overall survival in forms of cutaneous melanoma or lung cancer. However, the percentage of patients responding varies from 20 to 40% depending on the type of cancer and on the expression of the target molecules by the tumor. This is due to the tumor microenvironment which allows the acquisition of resistance mechanisms to immunotherapies by tumor cells. These are closely linked to the architecture and cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment. This one acts on different parameters such as the immune cells infiltrate its composition and therefore, favors the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells as well as the tumor expression of checkpoint inhibitors such as Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1). Therefore, the analysis and modeling of the complexity of the microenvironment is an important parameter to consider, not only in the search for new therapies but also for the identification and stratification of patients likely to respond to immunotherapy. This is why the use of 3D culture models, reflecting the architecture and cellular composition of a tumor, is essential in immuno-oncology studies. Nowadays, there are several 3-D culture methods such as spheroids and organoids, which are applicable to immuno-oncology. In this review we evaluate 3D culture models as tools for the development of treatments in the field of immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Boucherit
- Cancer Research Center in Marseille, CRCM, Paoli Calmette Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- Cancer Research Center in Marseille, CRCM, Paoli Calmette Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Cancer Research Center in Marseille, CRCM, Paoli Calmette Institute, Marseille, France
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Brempelis KJ, Cowan CM, Kreuser SA, Labadie KP, Prieskorn BM, Lieberman NAP, Ene CI, Moyes KW, Chinn H, DeGolier KR, Matsumoto LR, Daniel SK, Yokoyama JK, Davis AD, Hoglund VJ, Smythe KS, Balcaitis SD, Jensen MC, Ellenbogen RG, Campbell JS, Pierce RH, Holland EC, Pillarisetty VG, Crane CA. Genetically engineered macrophages persist in solid tumors and locally deliver therapeutic proteins to activate immune responses. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001356. [PMID: 33115946 PMCID: PMC7594542 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Though currently approved immunotherapies, including chimeric antigen receptor T cells and checkpoint blockade antibodies, have been successfully used to treat hematological and some solid tumor cancers, many solid tumors remain resistant to these modes of treatment. In solid tumors, the development of effective antitumor immune responses is hampered by restricted immune cell infiltration and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). An immunotherapy that infiltrates and persists in the solid TME, while providing local, stable levels of therapeutic to activate or reinvigorate antitumor immunity could overcome these challenges faced by current immunotherapies. Methods Using lentivirus-driven engineering, we programmed human and murine macrophages to express therapeutic payloads, including Interleukin (IL)-12. In vitro coculture studies were used to evaluate the effect of genetically engineered macrophages (GEMs) secreting IL-12 on T cells and on the GEMs themselves. The effects of IL-12 GEMs on gene expression profiles within the TME and tumor burden were evaluated in syngeneic mouse models of glioblastoma and melanoma and in human tumor slices isolated from patients with advanced gastrointestinal malignancies. Results Here, we present a cellular immunotherapy platform using lentivirus-driven genetic engineering of human and mouse macrophages to constitutively express proteins, including secreted cytokines and full-length checkpoint antibodies, as well as cytoplasmic and surface proteins that overcomes these barriers. GEMs traffic to, persist in, and express lentiviral payloads in xenograft mouse models of glioblastoma, and express a non-signaling truncated CD19 surface protein for elimination. IL-12-secreting GEMs activated T cells and induced interferon-gamma (IFNγ) in vitro and slowed tumor growth resulting in extended survival in vivo. In a syngeneic glioblastoma model, IFNγ signaling cascades were also observed in mice treated with mouse bone-marrow-derived GEMs secreting murine IL-12. These findings were reproduced in ex vivo tumor slices comprised of intact MEs. In this setting, IL-12 GEMs induced tumor cell death, chemokines and IFNγ-stimulated genes and proteins. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that GEMs can precisely deliver titratable doses of therapeutic proteins to the TME to improve safety, tissue penetrance, targeted delivery and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Brempelis
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Courtney M Cowan
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shannon A Kreuser
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kevin P Labadie
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brooke M Prieskorn
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicole A P Lieberman
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chibawanye I Ene
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kara W Moyes
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Harrison Chinn
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kole R DeGolier
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lisa R Matsumoto
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sara K Daniel
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jason K Yokoyama
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Immunotherapy Integration Hub, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amira D Davis
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Virginia J Hoglund
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kimberly S Smythe
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephanie D Balcaitis
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael C Jensen
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Immunotherapy Integration Hub, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard G Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jean S Campbell
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert H Pierce
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric C Holland
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Courtney A Crane
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA .,Discovery and Translational Sciences, Mozart Therapeutics, Seattle, WA, 98119
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Solanki A, King D, Thibault G, Wang L, Gibbs SL. Quantification of fluorophore distribution and therapeutic response in matched in vivo and ex vivo pancreatic cancer model systems. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229407. [PMID: 32097436 PMCID: PMC7041865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance plagues cancer outcomes, challenging treatment particularly in aggressive disease. A unique method to decipher drug interactions with their targets and inform therapy is to employ fluorescence-based screening tools; however, to implement productive screening assays, adequate model systems must be developed. Patient-derived pancreatic cancer models (e.g., cell culture, patient-derived xenograft mouse models, and organoids) have been traditionally utilized to predict personalized therapeutic response. However, cost, long read out times and the inability to fully recapitulate the tumor microenvironment have rendered most models incompatible with clinical decision making for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. Tumor explant cultures, where patient tissue can be kept viable for up to weeks, have garnered interest as a platform for delivering personalized therapeutic prediction on a clinically relevant timeline. To fully explore this ex vivo platform, a series of studies were completed to quantitatively compare in vivo models with tumor explants, examining gemcitabine therapeutic efficacy, small molecule uptake and drug-target engagement using a novel fluorescently-labeled gemcitabine conjugate. This initial work shows promise for patient-specific therapeutic selection, where tumor explant drug distribution and response recapitulated the in vivo behavior and could provide a valuable platform for understanding mechanisms of therapeutic response and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Solanki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Diana King
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Kenerson HL, Sullivan KM, Seo YD, Stadeli KM, Ussakli C, Yan X, Lausted C, Pillarisetty VG, Park JO, Riehle KJ, Yeh M, Tian Q, Yeung RS. Tumor slice culture as a biologic surrogate of human cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:114. [PMID: 32175407 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical to every aspect of cancer biology. Organotypic tumor slice cultures (TSCs) preserve the original TME and have demonstrated utility in predicting drug sensitivity, but the association between clinicopathologic parameters and in vitro TSC behavior has not been well-defined. Methods One hundred and eight fresh tumor specimens from liver resections at a tertiary academic center were procured and precisely cut with a Vibratome to create 250 μm × 6 mm slices. These fixed-dimension TSCs were grown on polytetrafluoroethylene inserts, and their metabolic activities were determined by a colorimetric assay. Correlation between baseline activities and clinicopathologic parameters was assessed. Tissue CEA mRNA expression was determined by RNAseq. Results By standardizing the dimensions of a slice, we found that adjacent tumor slices have equivalent metabolic activities, while those derived from different tumors exhibit >30-fold range in baseline MTS absorbances, which correlated significantly with the percentage of tumor necrosis based on histologic assessment. Extending this to individual cancers, we were able to detect intra-tumoral heterogeneity over a span of a few millimeters, which reflects differences in tumor cell density and Ki-67 positivity. For colorectal cancers, tissue CEA expression based on RNAseq of tumor slices was found to correlate with clinical response to chemotherapies. Conclusions We report a standardized method to assess and compare human cancer growth ex vivo across a wide spectrum of tumor samples. TSC reflects the state of tumor behavior and heterogeneity, thus providing a simple approach to study of human cancers with an intact TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin M Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yongwoo D Seo
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Cigdem Ussakli
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Venu G Pillarisetty
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Northwest Liver Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James O Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Northwest Liver Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly J Riehle
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Northwest Liver Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Yeh
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Northwest Liver Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raymond S Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Northwest Liver Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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36
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Zebrafish Avatars towards Personalized Medicine-A Comparative Review between Avatar Models. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020293. [PMID: 31991800 PMCID: PMC7072137 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer frequency and prevalence have been increasing in the past decades, with devastating impacts on patients and their families. Despite the great advances in targeted approaches, there is still a lack of methods to predict individual patient responses, and therefore treatments are tailored according to average response rates. “Omics” approaches are used for patient stratification and choice of therapeutic options towards a more precise medicine. These methods, however, do not consider all genetic and non-genetic dynamic interactions that occur upon drug treatment. Therefore, the need to directly challenge patient cells in a personalized manner remains. The present review addresses the state of the art of patient-derived in vitro and in vivo models, from organoids to mouse and zebrafish Avatars. The predictive power of each model based on the retrospective correlation with the patient clinical outcome will be considered. Finally, the review is focused on the emerging zebrafish Avatars and their unique characteristics allowing a fast analysis of local and systemic effects of drug treatments at the single-cell level. We also address the technical challenges that the field has yet to overcome.
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37
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Roelants C, Pillet C, Franquet Q, Sarrazin C, Peilleron N, Giacosa S, Guyon L, Fontanell A, Fiard G, Long JA, Descotes JL, Cochet C, Filhol O. Ex-Vivo Treatment of Tumor Tissue Slices as a Predictive Preclinical Method to Evaluate Targeted Therapies for Patients with Renal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010232. [PMID: 31963500 PMCID: PMC7016787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the third type of urologic cancer. At time of diagnosis, 30% of cases are metastatic with no effect of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Current targeted therapies lead to a high rate of relapse and resistance after a short-term response. Thus, a major hurdle in the development and use of new treatments for ccRCC is the lack of good pre-clinical models that can accurately predict the efficacy of new drugs and allow the stratification of patients into the correct treatment regime. Here, we describe different 3D cultures models of ccRCC, emphasizing the feasibility and the advantage of ex-vivo treatment of fresh, surgically resected human tumor slice cultures of ccRCC as a robust preclinical model for identifying patient response to specific therapeutics. Moreover, this model based on precision-cut tissue slices enables histopathology measurements as tumor architecture is retained, including the spatial relationship between the tumor and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the stromal components. Our data suggest that acute treatment of tumor tissue slices could represent a benchmark of further exploration as a companion diagnostic tool in ccRCC treatment and a model to develop new therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Roelants
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, IRIG-Biology of Cancer and Infection, UMR_S 1036, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (Q.F.); (C.S.); (N.P.); (S.G.); (L.G.); (C.C.)
- Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Pillet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, IRIG-Biologie à Grande Echelle, UMR 1038, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Quentin Franquet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, IRIG-Biology of Cancer and Infection, UMR_S 1036, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (Q.F.); (C.S.); (N.P.); (S.G.); (L.G.); (C.C.)
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France; (A.F.); (G.F.); (J.-A.L.); (J.-L.D.)
| | - Clément Sarrazin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, IRIG-Biology of Cancer and Infection, UMR_S 1036, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (Q.F.); (C.S.); (N.P.); (S.G.); (L.G.); (C.C.)
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France; (A.F.); (G.F.); (J.-A.L.); (J.-L.D.)
| | - Nicolas Peilleron
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, IRIG-Biology of Cancer and Infection, UMR_S 1036, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (Q.F.); (C.S.); (N.P.); (S.G.); (L.G.); (C.C.)
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France; (A.F.); (G.F.); (J.-A.L.); (J.-L.D.)
| | - Sofia Giacosa
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, IRIG-Biology of Cancer and Infection, UMR_S 1036, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (Q.F.); (C.S.); (N.P.); (S.G.); (L.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Laurent Guyon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, IRIG-Biology of Cancer and Infection, UMR_S 1036, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (Q.F.); (C.S.); (N.P.); (S.G.); (L.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Amina Fontanell
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France; (A.F.); (G.F.); (J.-A.L.); (J.-L.D.)
| | - Gaëlle Fiard
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France; (A.F.); (G.F.); (J.-A.L.); (J.-L.D.)
| | - Jean-Alexandre Long
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France; (A.F.); (G.F.); (J.-A.L.); (J.-L.D.)
| | - Jean-Luc Descotes
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France; (A.F.); (G.F.); (J.-A.L.); (J.-L.D.)
| | - Claude Cochet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, IRIG-Biology of Cancer and Infection, UMR_S 1036, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (Q.F.); (C.S.); (N.P.); (S.G.); (L.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Odile Filhol
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, IRIG-Biology of Cancer and Infection, UMR_S 1036, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (Q.F.); (C.S.); (N.P.); (S.G.); (L.G.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-38785645; Fax: +33-(0)4-38785058
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Rodriguez CP, Wu Q(V, Voutsinas J, Fromm JR, Jiang X, Pillarisetty VG, Lee SM, Santana-Davila R, Goulart B, Baik CS, Chow LQ, Eaton K, Martins R. A Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab and Vorinostat in Recurrent Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Salivary Gland Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:837-845. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Sivakumar R, Chan M, Shin JS, Nishida-Aoki N, Kenerson HL, Elemento O, Beltran H, Yeung R, Gujral TS. Organotypic tumor slice cultures provide a versatile platform for immuno-oncology and drug discovery. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1670019. [PMID: 31741771 PMCID: PMC6844320 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1670019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Organotypic tumor slices represent a physiologically-relevant culture system for studying the tumor microenvironment. Systematic characterization of the tumor slice culture system will enable its effective application for translational research. Here, using flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping, we performed a comprehensive characterization of the immune cell composition in organotypic tumor slices prepared from four syngeneic mouse tumor models and a human liver tumor. We found that the immune cell compositions of organotypic tumor slices prepared on the same day as the tumor cores were harvested are similar. Differences were primarily observed in the lymphocyte population of a clinical hepatocellular carcinoma case. Viable populations of immune cells persisted in the tumor slices for 7 days. Despite some changes in the immune cell populations, we showed the utility of mouse tumor slices for assessing responses to immune-modulatory agents. Further, we demonstrated the ability to use patient-derived xenograft tumor slices for assessing responses to targeted and cytotoxic drugs. Overall, tumor slices provide a broadly useful platform for studying the tumor microenvironment and evaluating the preclinical efficacy of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Sivakumar
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marina Chan
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jiye Stella Shin
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nao Nishida-Aoki
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heidi L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Was hington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Englander Institute of Precision medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Was hington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Taranjit S Gujral
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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40
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Riehle KJ, Kenerson HL, Riggle KM, Turnham R, Sullivan K, Bauer R, Scott JD, Yeung RS. Neurotensin as a source of cyclic AMP and co-mitogen in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5092-5102. [PMID: 31489118 PMCID: PMC6707953 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinomas (FL-HCCs) possess a unique mutation that encodes a chimeric form of protein kinase A (DNAJ-PKAc), which includes a chaperonin binding domain. DNAJ-PKAc retains most of the biochemical properties of the native enzyme, however, and activity remains dependent on cAMP. We thus speculated that a persistent source of cAMP is necessary to promote FL-HCC carcinogenesis, and that neurotensin (NTS) may drive cAMP production in this setting, given that NS serum and tumor levels are elevated in many patients with FL-HCC. We examined expression of NTS pathway components in human FL-HCCs and paired normal livers, and determined the role of NTS in driving proliferation in tumor slice cultures. Cultured hepatocytes were used to determine interactions between NTS and other proliferative pathways, and to determine the effects of NTS on cAMP production and PKA activity. We found that the NTS pathway is up-regulated in human FL-HCCs, and that NTS activates cAMP and PKA in hepatocytes. NTS increases proliferation in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF), and NTS-induced proliferation is dependent on NTSR1 and the EGFR/MEK pathway. We conclude that NTS serves as a co-mitogen in FL-HCC, and provides a source of cAMP to facilitate ongoing activation of DNAJ-PKAc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin M Riggle
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rigney Turnham
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Renay Bauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raymond S Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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41
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Hundeyin M, Kurz E, Mishra A, Rossi JAK, Liudahl SM, Leis KR, Mehrotra H, Kim M, Torres LE, Ogunsakin A, Link J, Sears RC, Sivagnanam S, Goecks J, Islam KMS, Dolgalev I, Savadkar S, Wang W, Aykut B, Leinwand J, Diskin B, Adam S, Israr M, Gelas M, Lish J, Chin K, Farooq MS, Wadowski B, Wu J, Shah S, Adeegbe DO, Pushalkar S, Vasudevaraja V, Saxena D, Wong KK, Coussens LM, Miller G. Innate αβ T Cells Mediate Antitumor Immunity by Orchestrating Immunogenic Macrophage Programming. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1288-1305. [PMID: 31266770 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Unconventional T-lymphocyte populations are emerging as important regulators of tumor immunity. Despite this, the role of TCRαβ+CD4-CD8-NK1.1- innate αβ T cells (iαβT) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has not been explored. We found that iαβTs represent ∼10% of T lymphocytes infiltrating PDA in mice and humans. Intratumoral iαβTs express a distinct T-cell receptor repertoire and profoundly immunogenic phenotype compared with their peripheral counterparts and conventional lymphocytes. iαβTs comprised ∼75% of the total intratumoral IL17+ cells. Moreover, iαβT-cell adoptive transfer is protective in both murine models of PDA and human organotypic systems. We show that iαβT cells induce a CCR5-dependent immunogenic macrophage reprogramming, thereby enabling marked CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell expansion/activation and tumor protection. Collectively, iαβTs govern fundamental intratumoral cross-talk between innate and adaptive immune populations and are attractive therapeutic targets. SIGNIFICANCE: We found that iαβTs are a profoundly activated T-cell subset in PDA that slow tumor growth in murine and human models of disease. iαβTs induce a CCR5-dependent immunogenic tumor-associated macrophage program, T-cell activation and expansion, and should be considered as novel targets for immunotherapy.See related commentary by Banerjee et al., p. 1164.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mautin Hundeyin
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Emma Kurz
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ankita Mishra
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Juan Andres Kochen Rossi
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shannon M Liudahl
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kenna R Leis
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Harshita Mehrotra
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mirhee Kim
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Luisana E Torres
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Adesola Ogunsakin
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jason Link
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shamilene Sivagnanam
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jeremy Goecks
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - K M Sadeq Islam
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shivraj Savadkar
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Wei Wang
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Berk Aykut
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Joshua Leinwand
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Brian Diskin
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Salma Adam
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Muhammad Israr
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Maeliss Gelas
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Justin Lish
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kathryn Chin
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mohammad Saad Farooq
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin Wadowski
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jingjing Wu
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Suhagi Shah
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dennis O Adeegbe
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Smruti Pushalkar
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | | | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - George Miller
- S.A. Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. .,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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42
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Seo YD, Jiang X, Sullivan KM, Jalikis FG, Smythe KS, Abbasi A, Vignali M, Park JO, Daniel SK, Pollack SM, Kim TS, Yeung R, Crispe IN, Pierce RH, Robins H, Pillarisetty VG. Mobilization of CD8 + T Cells via CXCR4 Blockade Facilitates PD-1 Checkpoint Therapy in Human Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3934-3945. [PMID: 30940657 PMCID: PMC6606359 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is rarely cured, and single-agent immune checkpoint inhibition has not demonstrated clinical benefit despite the presence of large numbers of CD8+ T cells. We hypothesized that tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells harbor latent antitumor activity that can be reactivated using combination immunotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Preserved human PDA specimens were analyzed using multiplex IHC (mIHC) and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. Fresh tumor was treated in organotypic slice culture to test the effects of combination PD-1 and CXCR4 blockade. Slices were analyzed using IHC, flow cytometry, and live fluorescent microscopy to assess tumor kill, in addition to T-cell expansion and mobilization. RESULTS mIHC demonstrated fewer CD8+ T cells in juxtatumoral stroma containing carcinoma cells than in stroma devoid of them. Using TCR sequencing, we found clonal expansion in each tumor; high-frequency clones had multiple DNA rearrangements coding for the same amino acid binding sequence, which suggests response to common tumor antigens. Treatment of fresh human PDA slices with combination PD-1 and CXCR4 blockade led to increased tumor cell death concomitant with lymphocyte expansion. Live microscopy after combination therapy demonstrated CD8+ T-cell migration into the juxtatumoral compartment and rapid increase in tumor cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous tumor-reactive T cells are present within the human PDA tumor microenvironment and can be reactivated by combined blockade of PD-1 and CXCR4. This provides a new basis for the rational selection of combination immunotherapy for PDA.See related commentary by Medina and Miller, p. 3747.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwoo David Seo
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Xiuyun Jiang
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kevin M Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Arezou Abbasi
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - James O Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sara K Daniel
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Seth M Pollack
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Raymond Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Harlan Robins
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington
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43
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Misra S, Moro CF, Del Chiaro M, Pouso S, Sebestyén A, Löhr M, Björnstedt M, Verbeke CS. Ex vivo organotypic culture system of precision-cut slices of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2133. [PMID: 30765891 PMCID: PMC6376017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis, which is mainly due to late diagnosis and profound resistance to treatment. The latter is to a large extent attributed to the tumor stroma that is exceedingly prominent in PDAC and engages in complex interactions with the cancer cells. Hence, relevant preclinical models of PDAC should also include the tumor stroma. We herein describe the establishment and functional validation of an ex vivo organotypic culture of human PDAC that is based on precision-cut tissue slices from surgical specimens and reproducibly recapitulates the complex cellular and acellular composition of PDAC, including its microenvironment. The cancer cells, tumor microenvironment and interspersed remnants of nonneoplastic pancreas contained in these 350 µm thick slices maintained their structural integrity, phenotypic characteristics and functional activity when in culture for at least 4 days. In particular, tumor cell proliferation persisted and the grade of differentiation and morphological phenotype remained unaltered. Cultured tissue slices were metabolically active and responsive to rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor. This culture system is to date the closest surrogate to the parent carcinoma and harbors great potential as a drug sensitivity testing system for the personalized treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougat Misra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology F46, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos F Moro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology F46, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Marco Del Chiaro
- Department of Clinical Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden
| | - Soledad Pouso
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- Tumour Biology Laboratory, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085 Ulloi ut 26., Hungary
| | - Matthias Löhr
- Department of Clinical Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden
| | - Mikael Björnstedt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology F46, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline S Verbeke
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postbox 1171 Blindern, Oslo, 0318, Norway.
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4956 Nydalen, Oslo, 0424, Norway.
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44
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Nishida-Aoki N, Gujral TS. Emerging approaches to study cell-cell interactions in tumor microenvironment. Oncotarget 2019; 10:785-797. [PMID: 30774780 PMCID: PMC6366828 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions are of crucial importance for tissue formation, homeostasis, regeneration processes, and immune response. Recent studies underlined contribution of cell-cell interaction in tumor microenvironment (TME) for tumor progression and metastasis. Cancer cells modify the host cells to tumor-supportive traits, and the modified host cells contribute to tumor progression by interacting with cancer cells and further modifying other normal cells. However, the complex interaction networks of cancer cells and host cells remained largely unknown. Recent advances in high throughput microscopy and single cells-based molecular analyses have unlocked a new era for studying cell-cell interactions in the complex tissue microenvironment at the resolution of a single cell. Here, we review various model systems and emerging experimental approaches that are used to study cell-cell interactions focusing on the studies of TME. We discuss strengths and weaknesses of each model system and each experimental approach, and how upcoming approaches can solve current fundamental questions of cell-cell interactions in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Nishida-Aoki
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Taranjit S. Gujral
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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45
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Abstract
Although immunotherapy is currently being widely applied to treat a variety of cancers, there is great heterogeneity in the response to these treatments. Many in the field hypothesize that this may be attributable to the characteristics of each individual tumor immune microenvironment, in addition to systemic immune factors. Therefore, understanding the immune cell microenvironment in a variety of tumors is critically important. Specifically, the interactions among immune, stromal, and cancer cells, along with other factors in tumors, may hold the key to developing rational personalized combinations of immunotherapeutic drugs. We recently developed an organotypic slice culture technique, which enables precise study of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) tumor microenvironment. We used a Vibratome to cut fresh human tumor tissue into 250 μm thick slices, and cultured slices on cell culture inserts with 0.4 μm pore to produce our tumor slice culture (TSC) system. We showed that TSC maintained many elements of the original tumor microenvironment and architecture for approximately one week. Using this slice culture technique for PDA, we demonstrated that immune cells, including T cells and macrophages, cancer cells, and stromal myofibroblasts were present throughout the culture period. TSCs were functionally responsive to drug treatment. Live PDA slices could be stained for multicolor immunofluorescence imaging of each of the primary cellular constituents of the tumor. Finally, autologous CFSE-labeled splenocytes were observed to readily migrate into cocultured tumor slices.
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46
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Coetzee A, Grose R, Kocher H. Pancreatic Cancer Organotypic Models. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 430:183-198. [PMID: 30790075 DOI: 10.1007/82_2019_155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis for patients due to late diagnosis and ineffective treatment options. There is a desperate need for more accurate disease models to enable improved therapies and diagnostic tests to reach the clinic. Pancreatic tumours have a high content of desmoplastic stroma, which forms a stiff, hypoxic tumour mass and contributes significantly to tumour development and metastatic spread. Therefore, 2D cell culture is not sufficient for understanding the complex biology of this disease. 3D in vitro models offer a more representative method of culturing cells for research in the laboratory. There are many different 3D models that can be used in research, organoids formed from patient or murine tumours are grown embedded in collagen or matrigel matrices, giving the potential for screening treatment options and personalised therapy in the future. Also, organotypic models using pancreatic cancer cell lines and stromal cells can be easily manipulated to study different aspects of pancreatic cancer and new therapeutic options in the laboratory. There are new emerging pancreatic cancer 3D models being developed, including microchip technology or synthetic scaffolds instead collagen and matrigel. All of these 3D culturing methods give an advantage over traditional 2D cell culture and could lead to improved understanding of this disease, translating to a better prognosis for patients in the clinic.
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47
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Sullivan KM, Kenerson HL, Pillarisetty VG, Riehle KJ, Yeung RS. Precision oncology in liver cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:285. [PMID: 30105235 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.06.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With the widespread adoption of molecular profiling in clinical oncology practice, many physicians are faced with making therapeutic decisions based upon isolated genomic alterations. For example, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) while anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies are ineffective in Ras-mutant colorectal cancers. The matching of mutations with drugs aimed at their respective gene products represents the current state of "precision" oncology. Despite the great expectations of this approach, only a fraction of cancers responds to 'targeted' interventions, and many early responders will ultimately develop resistance to these agents. The underwhelming success of mutation-driven therapies across all cancer types is not due to an inability to detect genetic changes in tumors; rather a deficit in functional insight into the genomic alterations that give rise to each cancer. The Achilles heel of precision oncology thus remains the lack of a robust functional understanding of an individual cancer genome that then allows prediction of the best therapy and resultant outcome for that patient. Current practice focuses on one 'actionable' mutation at a time, while solid cancers typically possess many mutations that involve different cellular sub-populations within a tumor. No method or platform currently exists to guide the interpretation of these complex data, nor to accurately predict response to treatment. This problem is particularly germane to primary liver cancers (PLC), for which only a handful of targeted therapies have been introduced. Here, we will review strategies aimed at overcoming some of these challenges in precision oncology, using liver cancer as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Sullivan
- Northwest Liver Research Program, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Heidi L Kenerson
- Northwest Liver Research Program, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Venu G Pillarisetty
- Northwest Liver Research Program, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kimberly J Riehle
- Northwest Liver Research Program, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Raymond S Yeung
- Northwest Liver Research Program, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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48
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Wu X, Roberto JB, Knupp A, Kenerson HL, Truong CD, Yuen SY, Brempelis KJ, Tuefferd M, Chen A, Horton H, Yeung RS, Crispe IN. Precision-cut human liver slice cultures as an immunological platform. J Immunol Methods 2018; 455:71-79. [PMID: 29408707 PMCID: PMC6689534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the central metabolic organ in the human body, and also plays an essential role in innate and adaptive immunity. While mouse models offer significant insights into immune-inflammatory liver disease, human immunology differs in important respects. It is not easy to address those differences experimentally. Therefore, to improve the understanding of human liver immunobiology and pathology, we have established precision-cut human liver slices to study innate immunity in human tissue. Human liver slices collected from resected livers could be maintained in ex vivo culture over a two-week period. Although an acute inflammatory response accompanied by signs of tissue repair was observed in liver tissue following slicing, the expression of many immune genes stabilized after day 4 and remained stable until day 15. Remarkably, histological evidence of pre-existing liver diseases was preserved in the slices for up to 7 days. Following 7 days of culture, exposure of liver slices to the toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, TLR3 ligand Poly-I:C and TLR4 ligand LPS, resulted in a robust activation of acute inflammation and cytokine genes. Moreover, Poly-I:C treatment induced a marked antiviral response including increases of interferons IFNB, IL-28B and a group of interferon-stimulated genes. Therefore, precision-cut liver slices emerge as a valuable tool to study human innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Jessica B Roberto
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Allison Knupp
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Heidi L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Camtu D Truong
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sebastian Y Yuen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Marianne Tuefferd
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research and Development, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Antony Chen
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research and Development, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Helen Horton
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research and Development, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Raymond S Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian N Crispe
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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