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Zeng W, Liu H, Mao Y, Jiang S, Yi H, Zhang Z, Wang M, Zong Z. Myeloid‑derived suppressor cells: Key immunosuppressive regulators and therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 65:85. [PMID: 39054950 PMCID: PMC11299769 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer. CRC has no apparent symptoms in the early stages of disease, and most patients receive a confirmed diagnosis in the middle or late disease stages. The incidence of CRC continues to increase, and the affected population tends to be younger. Therefore, determining how to achieve an early CRC diagnosis and treatment has become a top priority for prolonging patient survival. Myeloid‑derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of bone marrow‑derived immuno‑negative regulatory cells that are divided into two subpopulations, polymorphonuclear‑MDSCs and monocytic‑MDSCs, based on their phenotypic similarities to neutrophils and monocytes, respectively. These cells can inhibit the immune response and promote cancer cell metastasis in the tumour microenvironment (TME). A large aggregation of MDSCs in the TME is often a marker of cancer and a poor prognosis in inflammatory diseases of the intestine (such as colonic adenoma and ulcerative colitis). In the present review, the phenotypic classification of MDSCs in the CRC microenvironment are first discussed. Then, the amplification, role and metastatic mechanism of MDSCs in the CRC TME are described, focusing on genes, gene modifications, proteins and the intestinal microenvironment. Finally, the progress in CRC‑targeted therapies that aim to modulate the quantity, function and structure of MDSCs are summarized in the hope of identifying potential screening markers for CRC and improving CRC prognosis and therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- HuanKui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Haohan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhao Mao
- Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shihao Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zitong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- HuanKui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Menghui Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- HuanKui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Liao X, Kishi K, Du K, Komaki R, Mizoe J, Aikawa G, Zheng W, Pan C. Risk factors of local control in adrenal metastases treated by stereotactic body radiation therapy - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1193574. [PMID: 38045003 PMCID: PMC10691549 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1193574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study is aimed to explore risk factors affect the therapy outcomes of adrenal metastases (AM) for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and guide clinical dose selection. Methods and materials PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched in September 22, 2022 in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA). Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to search for sources of heterogeneity and identify risky outcomes factors. Publication bias test and sensitivity analysis were also conducted. Results Thirty-three studies with full text from 2009 to 2022 about AM with SBRT on 1483 patients were included. Pooled 1- and 2-year local control (LC) and overall survival(OS) were 81.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 75.6%-86.5%), 62.8% (95% CI, 53.8%-71.8%), 67.4% (95%CI, 61.8%-73.1%) and 46.5% (95%CI, 40.4%-52.6%), respectively. Biological effective dose (BED, α/β=10Gy) and dose per fraction affected 1-year LC (Qm=23.89, 15.10; P<0.0001, 0.0001). In the range of 60-80Gy (BED10), the group of dose per fraction ≥ 9Gy achieved the excellent 1-year LC (< 9Gy: ≥ 9Gy =78%, 91%; χ2 = 10.16, P = 0.001). Tracking technology significantly affected 1- and 2-year OS (Qm = 5.73, 8.75; P = 0.017, 0.003) and high tracking adoption group showed excellent 1- and 2- year OS (78.7% [95%CI, 68.6%- 88.9%]; and 62.9% [95%CI, 53.1%-72.7%]). Conclusion Increasing the dose per fraction appropriately may help control locally AM lesious. Tracking technology might contribute to improve survival of advanced patients with AM. But these results need prospective studies to verify them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Liao
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Kishi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Disaster Medical Center, National Hospital Organization (NHO), Incorporated Administrative Agency 3256 Tachitawa City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaixin Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Komaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emeritus of The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Junetsu Mizoe
- Department of Sapporo High Functioning Radiotherapy Center, Hokkaido Ohno Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gosuke Aikawa
- Department of Sapporo High Functioning Radiotherapy Center, Hokkaido Ohno Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Zboralski D, Osterkamp F, Christensen E, Bredenbeck A, Schumann A, Hoehne A, Schneider E, Paschke M, Ungewiss J, Haase C, Robillard L, Simmons AD, Harding TC, Nguyen M. Fibroblast activation protein targeted radiotherapy induces an immunogenic tumor microenvironment and enhances the efficacy of PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibition. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2621-2635. [PMID: 37086273 PMCID: PMC10317891 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE FAP is a membrane-bound protease under investigation as a pan-cancer target, given its high levels in tumors but limited expression in normal tissues. FAP-2286 is a radiopharmaceutical in clinical development for solid tumors that consists of two functional elements: a FAP-targeting peptide and a chelator used to attach radioisotopes. Preclinically, we evaluated the immune modulation and anti-tumor efficacy of FAP-2287, a murine surrogate for FAP-2286, conjugated to the radionuclide lutetium-177 (177Lu) as a monotherapy and in combination with a PD-1 targeting antibody. METHODS C57BL/6 mice bearing MCA205 mouse FAP-expressing tumors (MCA205-mFAP) were treated with 177Lu-FAP-2287, anti-PD-1, or both. Tumor uptake of 177Lu- FAP-2287 was assessed by SPECT/CT scanning, while therapeutic efficacy was measured by tumor volume and survival. Immune profiling of tumor infiltrates was evaluated through flow cytometry, RNA expression, and immunohistochemistry analyses. RESULTS 177Lu-FAP-2287 rapidly accumulated in MCA205-mFAP tumors leading to significant tumor growth inhibition (TGI) and longer survival time. Significant TGI was also observed from anti-PD-1 and the combination. In flow cytometry analysis of tumors, 177Lu-FAP-2287 increased CD8+ T cell infiltration which was maintained in the combination with anti-PD-1. The increase in CD8+ T cells was accompanied by an induction of STING-mediated type I interferon response and higher levels of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD86. CONCLUSION In a preclinical model, FAP-targeted radiotherapy enhanced anti-PD-1-mediated TGI by modulating the TME and increasing the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. These findings provide a rationale for clinical studies of combined 177Lu-FAP-2286 radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibition in FAP-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Zboralski
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frank Osterkamp
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Anne Bredenbeck
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Schumann
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aileen Hoehne
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Paschke
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Ungewiss
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Haase
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
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Mao L, Zhou JJ, Xiao Y, Yang QC, Yang SC, Wang S, Wu ZZ, Xiong HG, Yu HJ, Sun ZJ. Immunogenic hypofractionated radiotherapy sensitising head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to anti-PD-L1 therapy in MDSC-dependent manner. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:2126-2139. [PMID: 36977825 PMCID: PMC10206106 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancing the response rate of immunotherapy will aid in the success of cancer treatment. Here, we aimed to explore the combined effect of immunogenic radiotherapy with anti-PD-L1 treatment in immunotherapy-resistant HNSCC mouse models. METHODS The SCC7 and 4MOSC2 cell lines were irradiated in vitro. SCC7-bearing mice were treated with hypofractionated or single-dose radiotherapy followed by anti-PD-L1 therapy. The myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs) were depleted using an anti-Gr-1 antibody. Human samples were collected to evaluate the immune cell populations and ICD markers. RESULTS Irradiation increased the release of immunogenic cell death (ICD) markers (calreticulin, HMGB1 and ATP) in SCC7 and 4MOSC2 in a dose-dependent manner. The supernatant from irradiated cells upregulated the expression of PD-L1 in MDSCs. Mice treated with hypofractionated but not single-dose radiotherapy were resistant to tumour rechallenge by triggering ICD, when combined with anti-PD-L1 treatment. The therapeutic efficacy of combination treatment partially relies on MDSCs. The high expression of ICD markers was associated with activation of adaptive immune responses and a positive prognosis in HNSCC patients. CONCLUSION These results present a translatable method to substantially improve the antitumor immune response by combining PD-L1 blockade with immunogenic hypofractionated radiotherapy in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Mao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Chao Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Chen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Gang Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Jun Yu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Province Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China.
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Guo S, Yao Y, Tang Y, Xin Z, Wu D, Ni C, Huang J, Wei Q, Zhang T. Radiation-induced tumor immune microenvironments and potential targets for combination therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:205. [PMID: 37208386 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the four major means of cancer treatment including surgery, radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy, immunotherapy, RT can be applied to various cancers as both a radical cancer treatment and an adjuvant treatment before or after surgery. Although RT is an important modality for cancer treatment, the consequential changes caused by RT in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have not yet been fully elucidated. RT-induced damage to cancer cells leads to different outcomes, such as survival, senescence, or death. During RT, alterations in signaling pathways result in changes in the local immune microenvironment. However, some immune cells are immunosuppressive or transform into immunosuppressive phenotypes under specific conditions, leading to the development of radioresistance. Patients who are radioresistant respond poorly to RT and may experience cancer progression. Given that the emergence of radioresistance is inevitable, new radiosensitization treatments are urgently needed. In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. Overall, this review highlights the possibilities of synergistic therapy by building on existing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zengfeng Xin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Mireștean CC, Iancu RI, Iancu DPT. Active Immune Phenotype in Head and Neck Cancer: Reevaluating the Iso-Effect Fractionation Based on the Linear Quadratic (LQ) Model-A Narrative Review. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:4805-4816. [PMID: 37232820 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30050362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered fractionation concepts and especially moderate hypo-fractionation are evaluated as alternatives to standard treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), associated with or not concurrent with or sequential to chemotherapy. The calculation of the iso-equivalent dose regimens has as its starting point the linear quadratic (LQ) formalism traditionally based on the "4Rs" of radiobiology. The higher rates of therapeutic failure after radiotherapy of HNSCC are associated with the heterogeneity of radio-sensibility. The identification of genetic signatures and radio-resistance scores aims to improve the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy and to conceptualize personalized fractionation schemes. The new data regarding the involvement of the sixth "R" of radiobiology in HNSCC, especially for the HPV-driven subtype, but also for the "immune active" minority of HPV-negative HNSCCs, bring to the fore a multifactorial variation of the α/β ratio. The involvement of the antitumor immune response and the dose/fractionation/volume factors as well as the therapeutic sequence in the case of new multimodal treatments including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) could be included as an additional term in the quadratic linear formalism especially for hypo-fractionation regimens. This term should take into account the dual immunomodulatory effect (immunosuppressant and stimulator of antitumor immunity) of radiotherapy, which varies from case to case and can bring benefit or a detrimental effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camil Ciprian Mireștean
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Railways Clinical Hospital Iasi, Department of Surgery, 700506 Iași, Romania
| | - Roxana Irina Iancu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Oral Pathology Department, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, "St. Spiridon" Emergency Universitary Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Dragoș Petru Teodor Iancu
- Faculty of Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Department, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Regional Institute of Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, 700483 Iași, Romania
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Du P, Zheng J, Wang S, Lou Y, Zhang Z, Wang J, Zhu Y, You J, Zhang A, Liu P. Combining Cryo-Thermal Therapy with Anti-IL-6 Treatment Promoted the Maturation of MDSCs to Induce Long-Term Survival in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7018. [PMID: 37108179 PMCID: PMC10138396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression plays a significant role in tumor recurrence and metastasis, ultimately causing poor survival outcomes. Overcoming immunosuppression and stimulating durable antitumor immunity are essential for tumor treatment. In our previous study, a novel cryo-thermal therapy involving liquid nitrogen freezing and radiofrequency heating could reduce the proportion of Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), but the remaining MDSCs produced IL-6 by the NF-κB pathway, resulting in an impaired therapeutic effect. Therefore, here we combined cryo-thermal therapy with anti-IL-6 treatment to target the MDSC-dominant immunosuppressive environment, thereby optimizing the efficacy of cryo-thermal therapy. We found that combinational treatment significantly increased the long-term survival rate of breast cancer-bearing mice. Mechanistic investigation revealed that combination therapy was capable of reducing the proportion of MDSCs in the spleen and blood while promoting their maturation, which resulted in increased Th1-dominant CD4+ T-cell differentiation and enhancement of CD8+ T-mediated tumor killing. In addition, CD4+ Th1 cells promoted mature MDSCs to produce IL-7 through IFN-γ, indirectly contributing to the maintenance of Th1-dominant antitumor immunity in a positive feedback loop. Our work suggests an attractive immunotherapeutic strategy targeting the MDSC-dominant immunosuppressive environment, which would offer exciting opportunities for highly immunosuppressive and unresectable tumors in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ping Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (P.D.); (J.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (A.Z.)
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8
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Chi H, Yang J, Peng G, Zhang J, Song G, Xie X, Xia Z, Liu J, Tian G. Circadian rhythm-related genes index: A predictor for HNSCC prognosis, immunotherapy efficacy, and chemosensitivity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1091218. [PMID: 36969232 PMCID: PMC10036372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1091218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer and is highly aggressive and heterogeneous, leading to variable prognosis and immunotherapy outcomes. Circadian rhythm alterations in tumourigenesis are of equal importance to genetic factors and several biologic clock genes are considered to be prognostic biomarkers for various cancers. The aim of this study was to establish reliable markers based on biologic clock genes, thus providing a new perspective for assessing immunotherapy response and prognosis in patients with HNSCC.MethodsWe used 502 HNSCC samples and 44 normal samples from the TCGA-HNSCC dataset as the training set. 97 samples from GSE41613 were used as an external validation set. Prognostic characteristics of circadian rhythm-related genes (CRRGs) were established by Lasso, random forest and stepwise multifactorial Cox. Multivariate analysis revealed that CRRGs characteristics were independent predictors of HNSCC, with patients in the high-risk group having a worse prognosis than those in the low-risk group. The relevance of CRRGs to the immune microenvironment and immunotherapy was assessed by an integrated algorithm.Results6-CRRGs were considered to be strongly associated with HNSCC prognosis and a good predictor of HNSCC. The riskscore established by the 6-CRRG was found to be an independent prognostic factor for HNSCC in multifactorial analysis, with patients in the low-risk group having a higher overall survival (OS) than the high-risk group. Nomogram prediction maps constructed from clinical characteristics and riskscore had good prognostic power. Patients in the low-risk group had higher levels of immune infiltration and immune checkpoint expression and were more likely to benefit from immunotherapy.Conclusion6-CRRGs play a key predictive role for the prognosis of HNSCC patients and can guide physicians in selecting potential responders to prioritise immunotherapy, which could facilitate further research in precision immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Gaoge Peng
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinhao Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guobin Song
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xixi Xie
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhijia Xia
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Jinhui Liu, ; Gang Tian,
| | - Jinhui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Jinhui Liu, ; Gang Tian,
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Jinhui Liu, ; Gang Tian,
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Chan MKK, Chan ELY, Ji ZZ, Chan ASW, Li C, Leung KT, To KF, Tang PMK. Transforming growth factor-β signaling: from tumor microenvironment to anticancer therapy. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:316-343. [PMID: 37205317 PMCID: PMC10185444 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is an important pathway for promoting the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including cancer. The roles of TGF-β signaling are heterogeneous and versatile in cancer development and progression, both anticancer and protumoral actions are reported. Interestingly, increasing evidence suggests that TGF-β enhances disease progression and drug resistance via immune-modulatory actions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors. A better understanding of its regulatory mechanisms in the TME at the molecular level can facilitate the development of precision medicine to block the protumoral actions of TGF-β in the TME. Here, the latest information about the regulatory mechanisms and translational research of TGF-β signaling in the TME for therapeutic development had been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Kam-Kwan Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Emily Lok-Yiu Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zoey Zeyuan Ji
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alex Siu-Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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Lähdeniemi IAK, Devlin JR, Nagaraj AS, Talwelkar SS, Bao J, Linnavirta N, Şeref Vujaklija C, Kiss EA, Hemmes A, Verschuren EW. Development of an adenosquamous carcinoma histopathology - selective lung metastasis model. Biol Open 2022; 11:281292. [PMID: 36355420 PMCID: PMC9770245 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical tumor models with native tissue microenvironments provide essential tools to understand how heterogeneous tumor phenotypes relate to drug response. Here we present syngeneic graft models of aggressive, metastasis-prone histopathology-specific NSCLC tumor types driven by KRAS mutation and loss of LKB1 (KL): adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) and adenocarcinoma (AC). We show that subcutaneous injection of primary KL; ASC cells results in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tumors with high levels of stromal infiltrates, lacking the source heterogeneous histotype. Despite forming subcutaneous tumors, intravenously injected KL;AC cells were unable to form lung tumors. In contrast, intravenous injection of KL;ASC cells leads to their lung re-colonization and lesions recapitulating the mixed AC and SCC histopathology, tumor immune suppressive microenvironment and oncogenic signaling profile of source tumors, demonstrating histopathology-selective phenotypic dominance over genetic drivers. Pan-ERBB inhibition increased survival, while selective ERBB1/EGFR inhibition did not, suggesting a role of the ERBB network crosstalk in resistance to ERBB1/EGFR. This immunocompetent NSCLC lung colonization model hence phenocopies key properties of the metastasis-prone ASC histopathology, and serves as a preclinical model to dissect therapy responses and metastasis-associated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris A. K. Lähdeniemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer R. Devlin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ashwini S. Nagaraj
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarang S. Talwelkar
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jie Bao
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nora Linnavirta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ceren Şeref Vujaklija
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina A. Kiss
- University of Helsinki and Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annabrita Hemmes
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emmy W. Verschuren
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Author for correspondence ()
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11
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Rana PS, Soler DC, Kort J, Driscoll JJ. Targeting TGF-β signaling in the multiple myeloma microenvironment: Steering CARs and T cells in the right direction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1059715. [PMID: 36578789 PMCID: PMC9790996 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1059715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains a lethal hematologic cancer characterized by the expansion of transformed plasma cells within the permissive bone marrow (BM) milieu. The emergence of relapsed and/or refractory MM (RRMM) is provoked through clonal evolution of malignant plasma cells that harbor genomic, metabolic and proteomic perturbations. For most patients, relapsed disease remains a major cause of overall mortality. Transforming growth factors (TGFs) have pleiotropic effects that regulate myelomagenesis as well as the emergence of drug resistance. Moreover, TGF-β modulates numerous cell types present with the tumor microenvironment, including many immune cell types. While numerous agents have been FDA-approved over the past 2 decades and significantly expanded the treatment options available for MM patients, the molecular mechanisms responsible for drug resistance remain elusive. Multiple myeloma is uniformly preceded by a premalignant state, monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, and both conditions are associated with progressive deregulation in host immunity characterized by reduced T cell, natural killer (NK) cell and antigen-presenting dendritic cell (DC) activity. TGF-β promotes myelomagenesis as well as intrinsic drug resistance by repressing anti-myeloma immunity to promote tolerance, drug resistance and disease progression. Hence, repression of TGF-β signaling is a prerequisite to enhance the efficacy of current and future immunotherapeutics. Novel strategies that incorporate T cells that have been modified to express chimeric antigen receptor (CARs), T cell receptors (TCRs) and bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) offer promise to block TGF-β signaling, overcome chemoresistance and enhance anti-myeloma immunity. Here, we describe the effects of TGF-β signaling on immune cell effectors in the bone marrow and emerging strategies to overcome TGF-β-mediated myeloma growth, drug resistance and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S. Rana
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - David C. Soler
- The Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, The Center of Excellence for Translational Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jeries Kort
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States,Adult Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - James J. Driscoll
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States,Adult Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States,*Correspondence: James J. Driscoll,
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Miljanic M, Montalvo S, Aliru M, Song T, Leon-Camarena M, Innella K, Vujovic D, Komaki R, Iyengar P. The Evolving Interplay of SBRT and the Immune System, along with Future Directions in the Field. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184530. [PMID: 36139689 PMCID: PMC9497192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We provide this commentary of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), and describe our evolving understanding of this treatment approach, its effects on the immune system, and the ability to stimulate immune cells to further recognize and attack cancer. The aim of this work is to describe our current knowledge of how SBRT effects the environment within the tumor and the immune cells present, whether timing the combination of this treatment with that of immunotherapy may have an impact on the body’s own immune response, and what the latest approaches in the field are in regards to this radiation treatment modality. Among these latest and exciting developments is Personalized Ultrafractionated Stereotactic Adaptive Radiation Therapy, known as PULSAR. This latest approach is described in detail herein, and may represent a leading novel method for adapting radiation treatments to treatment-induced tumor changes over time and stimulating the body’s immune response against tumor cells. Abstract In this commentary, we describe the potential of highly ablative doses utilizing Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) in single or few fractions to enhance immune-responsiveness, how timing of this approach in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors may augment treatment-effect, and whether Personalized Ultrafractionated Stereotactic Adaptive Radiation Therapy (PULSAR) is an avenue for future advancement in the continued endeavor to foster a systemic effect of therapy beyond the radiation treatment field. The ablative potential of SBRT may support an increase in tumor-antigen presentation, enhancement of immune-stimulatory components, and an improvement in tumor-microenvironment immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, the latest advancement of ablative radiation delivery is PULSAR-based therapy, whereby ablative doses are delivered in pulses of treatment that may be several weeks apart, combined with adaptive treatment to tumor changes across time. The benefits of this novel approach include the ability to optimize direct tumor control by assessment of tumor size and location via dedicated imaging acquired prior to each delivered pulse, and further potentiation of immune recognition through combination with concurrent immune-checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihailo Miljanic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Steven Montalvo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Maureen Aliru
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tidie Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Maria Leon-Camarena
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA
| | - Kevin Innella
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Dragan Vujovic
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ritsuko Komaki
- Emeritus Professor of Radiation Oncology, UT MDACC, Adjunct Professor of Radiation Oncology Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Puneeth Iyengar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Chan MKK, Chung JYF, Tang PCT, Chan ASW, Ho JYY, Lin TPT, Chen J, Leung KT, To KF, Lan HY, Tang PMK. TGF-β signaling networks in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2022; 550:215925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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High-throughput profiling of histone post-translational modifications and chromatin modifying proteins by reverse phase protein array. J Proteomics 2022; 262:104596. [PMID: 35489683 PMCID: PMC10165948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic variation plays a significant role in normal development and human diseases including cancer, in part through post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones. Identification and profiling of changes in histone PTMs, and in proteins regulating PTMs, are crucial to understanding diseases, and for discovery of epigenetic therapeutic agents. In this study, we have adapted and validated an antibody-based reverse phase protein array (RPPA) platform for profiling 20 histone PTMs and expression of 40 proteins that modify histones and other epigenomic regulators. The specificity of the RPPA assay for histone PTMs was validated with synthetic peptides corresponding to histone PTMs and by detection of histone PTM changes in response to inhibitors of histone modifier proteins in cell cultures. The useful application of the RPPA platform was demonstrated with two models: induction of pluripotent stem cells and a mouse mammary tumor progression model. Described here is a robust platform that includes a rapid microscale method for histone isolation and partially automated workflows for analysis of histone PTMs and histone modifiers that can be performed in a high-throughput manner with hundreds of samples. This RPPA platform has potential for translational applications through the discovery and validation of epigenetic states as therapeutic targets and biomarkers. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study has established an antibody-based reverse phase protein array platform for global profiling of a wide range of post-translational modifications of histones and histone modifier proteins. The high-throughput platform provides comprehensive analyses of epigenetics for biological research and disease studies and may serve as screening assay for diagnostic purpose or therapy development.
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15
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Liu Y, Tu M, Wang L. Pan-Cancer Analysis Predicts FOXS1 as a Key Target in Prognosis and Tumor Immunotherapy. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2171-2185. [PMID: 35241932 PMCID: PMC8887970 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s354195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Only a few studies have reported the role of FOXS1, a transcriptional factor, in the tumor development process. In this article, we investigate the function of FOXS1 in distinct neoplastic development and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Patients and Methods The latent roles of FOXS1 in various tumors were prospected based on TCGA, GTEx, CCLE, GEPIA2, cBioPortal, TIMER, ImmuCellAI databases, GSVA datasets, GSEA datasets, and R packages. The expression difference, gene alteration, clinical characteristics, prognostic values, biological mechanism, potential pathways, tumor microenvironment, and immune cell infiltration related to FOXS1 were appraised. Results FOXS1 was strongly expressed in pan-cancer, and this gene was associated with low survival rates. FOXS1 was linked to many pathways that are cancer-promoting and immune-related. The expression of this transcriptional factor in cancers was positively related to immune cell infiltration, especially M2-like macrophages and Treg cells. In addition to that, FOXS1 demonstrated a positive relationship with many immune-suppression genes, such as TGFB1 and ARORA2A. Conclusion Our study identified an oncogenic effect of FOXS1, which may play a vital role as a prognosticative biological marker in pan-cancer. Exorbitant expression of FOXS1 is associated with high TAMs and Treg cells infiltration. These cells have an immunosuppressive function and promote the development of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The research of FOXS1 provided a potential drug target for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Liu
- School of Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guang Dong Province, 524023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjun Tu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yu Ying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, People’s Republic of China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lingling Wang, Department of Clinical Laboratory Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yu Ying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8618867786629, Email
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Abidin FAZ, Usman HA, Suryanti S, Hernowo BS. CD103+ T Lymphocyte Count Linked to the Thickness of Invasion on Acral Melanoma without E-Cadherin Involvement. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:1783-1790. [PMID: 34853521 PMCID: PMC8628035 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s334984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Acral melanoma (AM) is a malignancy that originates from melanocytes, located in an anatomical area without sun exposure, aggressive, resistant to chemotherapy, and quickly metastasize. The invasion capability of tumor cells is the main factor for metastasis in malignancy. E-cadherin is a marker of tumor progressivity that has an important role in the process of invasion. The responsibility of E-cadherin in the invasion process of AM is not well known. CD103 is an immune component found in the tumor microenvironment that contributes to melanoma progression control, whereas E-cadherin is the ligand for CD103. Purpose The objective of this research was to see if there was an association between E-cadherin and CD103 immunoexpression and the thickness of invasion in AM. Materials and Methods This is observational cross-sectional research. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) acral melanoma tissue samples were collected during 2014–2020 at the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. A total of 40 samples were collected, including 20 cases of invasive melanoma less than 4 mm thickness and 20 cases of invasive melanoma greater than 4 mm thickness. All samples were immunostained with E-cadherin and CD103. Chi-Square test was used to examine the association concerning E-cadherin and CD103 with the thickness of invasion, respectively. The p-value of 0.05 was chosen as the significance level. Results This study showed an insignificant association between E-cadherin immunoexpression and the thickness of invasion on AM (p = 0.4272). CD103 immunoexpression had a significant association with the thickness of invasion on AM (p = 0.0001). Conclusion The findings revealed that CD103 in AM is associated with the thickness of invasion, and it may play important functions throughout the invasion process despite the uninvolvement of E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzan Ali Zainal Abidin
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Hermin Aminah Usman
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Sri Suryanti
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Bethy S Hernowo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
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17
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Hao Z, Li R, Wang Y, Li S, Hong Z, Han Z. Landscape of Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cell in Tumor Immunotherapy. Biomark Res 2021; 9:77. [PMID: 34689842 PMCID: PMC8543853 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a group of immature cells that produced by emergency myelopoiesis. Emerging evidences have identified the vital role of MDSC in cancer microenvironment, in which MDSC exerts both immunological and non-immunological activities to assist the progression of cancer. Advances in pre-clinical research have provided us the understanding of MDSC in cancer context from the perspective of molecular mechanism. In clinical scenario, MDSC and its subsets have been discovered to exist in peripheral blood and tumor site of patients from various types of cancers. In this review, we highlight the clinical value of MDSC in predicting prognosis of cancer patients and the responses of immunotherapies, therefore to propose the MDSC-inhibiting strategy in the scenario of cancer immunotherapies. Phenotypes and biological functions of MDSC in cancer microenvironment are comprehensively summarized to provide potential targets of MDSC-inhibiting strategy from the aspect of molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaonian Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Department of Gynecology and Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shuangying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenya Hong
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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18
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Asgarzade A, Ziyabakhsh A, Asghariazar V, Safarzadeh E. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Important communicators in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis and its potential therapeutic significance. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:782-790. [PMID: 34272089 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a recognized chronic condition associated with immune system disorders that affect women nine times more commonly than men. SLE is characterized by over-secretion and release of autoantibodies in response to different cellular compartments and self-tolerance breaks to its own antigens. The detailed immunological dysregulation as an associated event that elicits the onset of clinical manifestations of SLE has not been clarified yet. Though, research using several animal models in the last two decades has indicated the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of this disease. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) as heterogeneous myeloid cells, are responsible for severe pathological conditions, including infection, autoimmunity, and cancer, by exerting considerable immunosuppressive effects on T-cells responses. It has been reported that these cells are involved in the regulation process of the immune response in several autoimmune diseases, particularly SLE. The function of MDSC is deleterious in infection and cancer diseases, though their role is more complicated in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarized the role and function of MDSCs in the pathogenesis and progression of SLE and its possible therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asgarzade
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Ziyabakhsh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, and Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Veeramachaneni R, Yu W, Newton JM, Kemnade JO, Skinner HD, Sikora AG, Sandulache VC. Metformin generates profound alterations in systemic and tumor immunity with associated antitumor effects. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002773. [PMID: 34230113 PMCID: PMC8261884 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin is a commonly used antidiabetic medication which has demonstrated promise as an anticancer agent alone and in combination with conventional treatment regimens. There is increasing evidence that metformin can also generate immunomodulatory effects in solid tumors and is currently being investigated as an adjunct to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We hypothesized that metformin would generate a shift in immunity unfavorable to tumor growth and tested this hypothesis in a preclinical model of head and neck cancer. METHODS Using a syngeneic mouse model of human papillomavirus-associated head and neck cancer (mEER/MTEC), we tested the impact of metformin on systemic and local immunity and tumor growth velocity. We compared the effects of acute and chronic treatment regimens on immunocyte presence and activation using a combination of flow cytometry and targeted transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS Acute metformin exposure generated measurable shifts in systemic myeloid and T-cell populations in non-tumor-bearing mice and decreased myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC) levels in tumor draining lymph nodes of tumor-bearing mice. Although metformin decreased regulatory T-cell (T-reg) and MDSC levels and increased CD8+ levels in murine tumors when combined with ICIs, acute metformin exposure was insufficient to generate substantial antitumor activity. Conversely, long-term metformin treatment significantly reduced tumor growth velocity, increased the CD8+/T-reg ratio, increased tumor infiltrating lymphocyte levels and upregulated component genes of the previously validated T-cell inflamed expression profile. CONCLUSIONS Metformin generates complex systemic and local immune effects which vary as a function of treatment duration. Combinatorial strategies with ICIs must take into account both the complexity and variability of these effects in order to generate maximal antitumor activity in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Veeramachaneni
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wangjie Yu
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jared M Newton
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan O Kemnade
- Hematology/Oncology Section; Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Hematology/Oncology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heath D Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vlad C Sandulache
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA .,ENT Section; Operative Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 77030, Texas, USA
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20
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Hardisty GR, Llanwarne F, Minns D, Gillan JL, Davidson DJ, Gwyer Findlay E, Gray RD. High Purity Isolation of Low Density Neutrophils Casts Doubt on Their Exceptionality in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625922. [PMID: 34168640 PMCID: PMC8217868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low density neutrophils (LDNs) are described in a number of inflammatory conditions, cancers and infections and associated with immunopathology, and a mechanistic role in disease. The role of LDNs at homeostasis in healthy individuals has not been investigated. We have developed an isolation protocol that generates high purity LDNs from healthy donors. Healthy LDNs were identical to healthy normal density neutrophils (NDNs), aside from reduced neutrophil extracellular trap formation. CD66b, CD16, CD15, CD10, CD54, CD62L, CXCR2, CD47 and CD11b were expressed at equivalent levels in healthy LDNs and NDNs and underwent apoptosis and ROS production interchangeably. Healthy LDNs had no differential effect on CD4+ or CD8+ T cell proliferation or IFNγ production compared with NDNs. LDNs were generated from healthy NDNs in vitro by activation with TNF, LPS or fMLF, suggesting a mechanism of LDN generation in disease however, we show neutrophilia in people with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) was not due to increased LDNs. LDNs are present in the neutrophil pool at homeostasis and have limited functional differences to NDNs. We conclude that increased LDN numbers in disease reflect the specific pathology or inflammatory environment and that neutrophil density alone is inadequate to classify discrete functional populations of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth R Hardisty
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Llanwarne
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Minns
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan L Gillan
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Donald J Davidson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Gwyer Findlay
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D Gray
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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21
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Anderson R, Blidner AG, Rapoport BL. Frontiers in Pharmacology: Review Manuscript Targeting of the Neutrophil as an Adjunctive Strategy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:676399. [PMID: 34168563 PMCID: PMC8218630 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.676399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for around 85% of cases. Of particular concern is the poor responsiveness of this malignancy to therapy, resulting in a very low 5-year survival rate (17.4%) and a prominent tendency to progress to metastatic disease. A number of very recent studies, both pre-clinical and clinical, have implicated the neutrophil in both the pathogenesis and unsatisfactory response to therapy of NSCLC. In this context, movement of neutrophils into the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a common feature of NSCLC. Indeed neutrophils are the dominant type of immune cell in the NSCLC TME, creating a highly immunosuppressive milieu that is not only conducive to tumor growth and spread, but also represents a significant obstacle to the success of anti-tumor therapy, especially novel immunotherapies. The clinically relevant adverse impact of a neutrophil predominance both systemically and in the TME of patients with NSCLC is underscored by the negative prognostic value of both a persistent neutrophilia and, in particular, a high (≥5) neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio. On a more positive note, however, recognition of the involvement of the neutrophil in both the pathophysiology of NSCLC and treatment failure has enabled identification of neutrophil-targeted strategies that have the potential to serve as adjuncts to standard anti-cancer therapies, including immunotherapy. These strategies together with a consideration of the immunosuppressive, pro-tumorigenic properties of the neutrophil represent the major thrusts of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ada Gabriela Blidner
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bernardo Leon Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
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22
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Kim BG, Malek E, Choi SH, Ignatz-Hoover JJ, Driscoll JJ. Novel therapies emerging in oncology to target the TGF-β pathway. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:55. [PMID: 33823905 PMCID: PMC8022551 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β signaling pathway governs key cellular processes under physiologic conditions and is deregulated in many pathologies, including cancer. TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine that acts in a cell- and context-dependent manner as a tumor promoter or tumor suppressor. As a tumor promoter, the TGF-β pathway enhances cell proliferation, migratory invasion, metastatic spread within the tumor microenvironment and suppresses immunosurveillance. Collectively, the pleiotropic nature of TGF-β signaling contributes to drug resistance, tumor escape and undermines clinical response to therapy. Based upon a wealth of preclinical studies, the TGF-β pathway has been pharmacologically targeted using small molecule inhibitors, TGF-β-directed chimeric monoclonal antibodies, ligand traps, antisense oligonucleotides and vaccines that have been now evaluated in clinical trials. Here, we have assessed the safety and efficacy of TGF-β pathway antagonists from multiple drug classes that have been evaluated in completed and ongoing trials. We highlight Vactosertib, a highly potent small molecule TGF-β type 1 receptor kinase inhibitor that is well-tolerated with an acceptable safety profile that has shown efficacy against multiple types of cancer. The TGF-β ligand traps Bintrafusp alfa (a bifunctional conjugate that binds TGF-β and PD-L1), AVID200 (a computationally designed trap of TGF-β receptor ectodomains fused to an Fc domain) and Luspatercept (a recombinant fusion that links the activin receptor IIb to IgG) offer new ways to fight difficult-to-treat cancers. While TGF-β pathway antagonists are rapidly emerging as highly promising, safe and effective anticancer agents, significant challenges remain. Minimizing the unintentional inhibition of tumor-suppressing activity and inflammatory effects with the desired restraint on tumor-promoting activities has impeded the clinical development of TGF-β pathway antagonists. A better understanding of the mechanistic details of the TGF-β pathway should lead to more effective TGF-β antagonists and uncover biomarkers that better stratify patient selection, improve patient responses and further the clinical development of TGF-β antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Gyu Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ehsan Malek
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James J Ignatz-Hoover
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James J Driscoll
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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23
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Coarfa C, Grimm SL, Rajapakshe K, Perera D, Lu HY, Wang X, Christensen KR, Mo Q, Edwards DP, Huang S. Reverse-Phase Protein Array: Technology, Application, Data Processing, and Integration. J Biomol Tech 2021; 32:15-29. [PMID: 34025221 DOI: 10.7171/jbt.21-3202-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) is a high-throughput antibody-based targeted proteomics platform that can quantify hundreds of proteins in thousands of samples derived from tissue or cell lysates, serum, plasma, or other body fluids. Protein samples are robotically arrayed as microspots on nitrocellulose-coated glass slides. Each slide is probed with a specific antibody that can detect levels of total protein expression or post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation as a measure of protein activity. Here we describe workflow protocols and software tools that we have developed and optimized for RPPA in a core facility setting that includes sample preparation, microarray mapping and printing of protein samples, antibody labeling, slide scanning, image analysis, data normalization and quality control, data reporting, statistical analysis, and management of data. Our RPPA platform currently analyzes ∼240 validated antibodies that primarily detect proteins in signaling pathways and cellular processes that are important in cancer biology. This is a robust technology that has proven to be of value for both validation and discovery proteomic research and integration with other omics data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and.,Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra L Grimm
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dimuthu Perera
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hsin-Yi Lu
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kurt R Christensen
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and
| | - Dean P Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and.,Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and.,Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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24
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Cui C, Lan P, Fu L. The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:442-471. [PMID: 33773092 PMCID: PMC8211353 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer encompasses a range of malignancies that originate in the digestive system, which together represent the most common form of cancer diagnosed worldwide. However, despite numerous advances in both diagnostics and treatment, the incidence and mortality rate of GI cancer are on the rise. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that increase in number under certain pathological conditions, such as infection and inflammation, and this expansion is of particular relevance to cancer. MDSCs are heavily involved in the regulation of the immune system and act to dampen its response to tumors, favoring the escape of tumor cells from immunosurveillance and increasing both metastasis and recurrence. Several recent studies have supported the use of MDSCs as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in patients with cancer, and potentially as a novel treatment target. In the present review, the mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs are described, and recent researches concerning the involvement of MDSCs in the progression, prognosis, and therapies of GI cancer are reviewed. The aim of this work was to present the development of novel treatments targeting MDSCs in GI cancer in the hope of improving outcomes for patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Centre, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Penglin Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Centre, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Centre, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
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25
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Gipsyianti N, Aziz A, Hernowo BS, Usman HA. High Expression of COX-2 Associated with the Depth of Invasion on Acral Melanoma by Increasing TGF-β1. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:209-216. [PMID: 33688233 PMCID: PMC7937396 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s285564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Acral melanoma (AM) has a poor prognosis since it is easily metastatic and resistant to chemo and immunotherapy. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme that plays a role in the carcinogenesis process. The increased expression of COX-2 has an impact on increasing levels of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell (MDSC), which is a key regulator of immune. The increase in MDSC produces Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1), which will suppress Natural Killer (NK) cells and Dendritic Cells (DC) function so that tumor cells are spared from the immune systems and are easier to invade surrounding tissues. Purpose This study aimed to determine the role of COX-2 and TGF-β1 on the depth of invasion on AM. Materials and Methods This study was a cross-sectional observational study on 40 paraffin blocks of AM cases during 2014-2019 in the Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. The depth of invasion of all samples was measured by dotSlide imaging software and the immunohistochemical staining of COX-2 and TGF-β1 was performed. The association between COX-2 and TGF-β1 expression and AM depth of invasion were analyzed using Mann Whitney. Results The result showed a significant association between COX-2 and TGF-β1 expression and depth of invasion on AM. COX-2 expression had a significant association with TGF-β1 expression (0.0001). Through multivariate analysis, it was found that COX-2 had the greatest association with the depth of invasion (p=0.0001). Conclusion The findings showed that increasing expression of COX-2 in AM is associated with the depth of invasion by increasing TGF-β1 and it might play important roles during the invasion process of AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastassa Gipsyianti
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Afiati Aziz
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Bethy S Hernowo
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Hermin A Usman
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
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26
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Tang PCT, Chan ASW, Zhang CB, García Córdoba CA, Zhang YY, To KF, Leung KT, Lan HY, Tang PMK. TGF-β1 Signaling: Immune Dynamics of Chronic Kidney Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:628519. [PMID: 33718407 PMCID: PMC7948440 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.628519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, imposing a great burden on the healthcare system. Regrettably, effective CKD therapeutic strategies are yet available due to their elusive pathogenic mechanisms. CKD is featured by progressive inflammation and fibrosis associated with immune cell dysfunction, leading to the formation of an inflammatory microenvironment, which ultimately exacerbating renal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is an indispensable immunoregulator promoting CKD progression by controlling the activation, proliferation, and apoptosis of immunocytes via both canonical and non-canonical pathways. More importantly, recent studies have uncovered a new mechanism of TGF-β1 for de novo generation of myofibroblast via macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT). This review will update the versatile roles of TGF-β signaling in the dynamics of renal immunity, a better understanding may facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies against CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Alex Siu-Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Cai-Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Cristina Alexandra García Córdoba
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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27
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Patel RR, Verma V, Barsoumian HB, Ning MS, Chun SG, Tang C, Chang JY, Lee PP, Gandhi S, Balter P, Dunn JD, Chen D, Puebla-Osorio N, Cortez MA, Welsh JW. Use of Multi-Site Radiation Therapy for Systemic Disease Control. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 109:352-364. [PMID: 32798606 PMCID: PMC10644952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer is a heterogeneous entity, some of which could benefit from local consolidative radiation therapy (RT). Although randomized evidence is growing in support of using RT for oligometastatic disease, a highly active area of investigation relates to whether RT could benefit patients with polymetastatic disease. This article highlights the preclinical and clinical rationale for using RT for polymetastatic disease, proposes an exploratory framework for selecting patients best suited for these types of treatments, and briefly reviews potential challenges. The goal of this hypothesis-generating review is to address personalized multimodality systemic treatment for patients with metastatic cancer. The rationale for using high-dose RT is primarily for local control and immune activation in either oligometastatic or polymetastatic disease. However, the primary application of low-dose RT is to activate distinct antitumor immune pathways and modulate the tumor stroma in efforts to better facilitate T cell infiltration. We explore clinical cases involving high- and low-dose RT to demonstrate the potential efficacy of such treatment. We then group patients by extent of disease burden to implement high- and/or low-dose RT. Patients with low-volume disease may receive high-dose RT to all sites as part of an oligometastatic paradigm. Subjects with high-volume disease (for whom standard of care remains palliative RT only) could be treated with a combination of high-dose RT to a few sites for immune activation, while receiving low-dose RT to several remaining lesions to enhance systemic responses from high-dose RT and immunotherapy. We further discuss how emerging but speculative concepts such as immune function may be integrated into this approach and examine therapies currently under investigation that may help address immune deficiencies. The review concludes by addressing challenges in using RT for polymetastatic disease, such as concerns about treatment planning workflows, treatment times, dose constraints for multiple-isocenter treatments, and economic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshal R Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Vivek Verma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hampartsoum B Barsoumian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew S Ning
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen G Chun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chad Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joe Y Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Percy P Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Saumil Gandhi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter Balter
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joe Dan Dunn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nahum Puebla-Osorio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria Angelica Cortez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - James W Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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28
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Douglass SM, Fane ME, Sanseviero E, Ecker BL, Kugel CH, Behera R, Kumar V, Tcyganov EN, Yin X, Liu Q, Chhabra Y, Alicea GM, Kuruvilla R, Gabrilovich DI, Weeraratna AT. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Are a Major Source of Wnt5A in the Melanoma Microenvironment and Depend on Wnt5A for Full Suppressive Activity. Cancer Res 2021; 81:658-670. [PMID: 33262126 PMCID: PMC8330365 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination remains a significant barrier to successful therapy for melanoma. Wnt5A is a potent driver of invasion in melanoma and is believed to be secreted from the tumor microenvironment (TME). Our data suggest that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the TME are a major source of Wnt5A and are reliant upon Wnt5A for multiple actions. Knockdown of Wnt5A specifically in the myeloid cells demonstrated a clear decrease in Wnt5A expression within the TME in vivo as well as a decrease in intratumoral MDSC and regulatory T cell (Treg). Wnt5A knockdown also decreased the immunosuppressive nature of MDSC and decreased expression of TGFβ1 and arginase 1. In the presence of Wnt5A-depleted MDSC, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expressed decreased PD-1 and LAG3, suggesting a less exhausted phenotype. Myeloid-specific Wnt5A knockdown also led to decreased lung metastasis. Tumor-infiltrating MDSC from control animals showed a strong positive correlation with Treg, which was completely ablated in animals with Wnt5A-negative MDSC. Overall, our data suggest that while MDSC contribute to an immunosuppressive and less immunogenic environment, they exhibit an additional function as the major source of Wnt5A in the TME. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that myeloid cells provide a major source of Wnt5A to facilitate metastatic potential in melanoma cells and rely on Wnt5A for their immunosuppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Douglass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mitchell E Fane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Brett L Ecker
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Reeti Behera
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vinit Kumar
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Xiangfan Yin
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yash Chhabra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gretchen M Alicea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rejji Kuruvilla
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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29
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TGF-β in Cancer: Metabolic Driver of the Tolerogenic Crosstalk in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030401. [PMID: 33499083 PMCID: PMC7865468 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overcoming tumor immunosuppression still represents one ambitious achievement for cancer immunotherapy. Of note, the cytokine TGF-β contributes to immune evasion in multiple cancer types, by feeding the establishment of a tolerogenic environment in the host. Indeed, it fosters the expansion and accumulation of immunosuppressive regulatory cell populations within the tumor microenvironment (TME), where it also activates resident stromal cells and enhances angiogenesis programs. More recently, TGF-β has also turned out as a key metabolic adjuster in tumors orchestrating metabolic pathways in the TME. In this review, we will scrutinize TGF-β-mediated immune and stromal cell crosstalk within the TME, with a primary focus on metabolic programs.
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30
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Coarfa C, Grimm SL, Rajapakshe K, Perera D, Lu HY, Wang X, Christensen KR, Mo Q, Edwards DP, Huang S. Reverse-Phase Protein Array: Technology, Application, Data Processing, and Integration. J Biomol Tech 2021:jbt.2021-3202-001. [PMID: 33584151 DOI: 10.7171/jbt.2021-3202-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) is a high-throughput antibody-based targeted proteomics platform that can quantify hundreds of proteins in thousands of samples derived from tissue or cell lysates, serum, plasma, or other body fluids. Protein samples are robotically arrayed as microspots on nitrocellulose-coated glass slides. Each slide is probed with a specific antibody that can detect levels of total protein expression or post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation as a measure of protein activity. Here we describe workflow protocols and software tools that we have developed and optimized for RPPA in a core facility setting that includes sample preparation, microarray mapping and printing of protein samples, antibody labeling, slide scanning, image analysis, data normalization and quality control, data reporting, statistical analysis, and management of data. Our RPPA platform currently analyzes ∼240 validated antibodies that primarily detect proteins in signaling pathways and cellular processes that are important in cancer biology. This is a robust technology that has proven to be of value for both validation and discovery proteomic research and integration with other omics data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra L Grimm
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dimuthu Perera
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hsin-Yi Lu
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kurt R Christensen
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and
| | - Dean P Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and
- Advanced Technology Cores/Office of Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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31
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Yuan Y, Cai X, Shen F, Ma F. HPV post-infection microenvironment and cervical cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:243-254. [PMID: 33122098 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus worldwide. More than 99% of cervical cancer cases are associated with certain types of HPVs, termed high-risk types. In addition to the well-known transformative properties, HPVs-infected cells actively instruct the local milieu and create a supportive post-infection microenvironment (PIM), which is becoming recognized as a key factor for the viral persistence, propagation, and malignant progression. The PIM is initiated and established via a complex interplay among virus-infected cells, immune cells, and host stroma, as well as their derived components including chemokines, cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and metabolites. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of these key components, characteristics, and effects of the PIM, and highlights the prospect of targeting the PIM as a potential strategy to improve therapeutic outcomes for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Xushan Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiading District, Shanghai, 201821, China
| | - Fangrong Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215001, China.
| | - Feng Ma
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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32
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Xue VW, Chung JYF, Córdoba CAG, Cheung AHK, Kang W, Lam EWF, Leung KT, To KF, Lan HY, Tang PMK. Transforming Growth Factor-β: A Multifunctional Regulator of Cancer Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2020. [PMID: 33114183 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113099.pmid:33114183;pmcid:pmc7690808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was originally identified as an anti-tumour cytokine. However, there is increasing evidence that it has important roles in the tumour microenvironment (TME) in facilitating cancer progression. TGF-β actively shapes the TME via modulating the host immunity. These actions are highly cell-type specific and complicated, involving both canonical and non-canonical pathways. In this review, we systemically update how TGF-β signalling acts as a checkpoint regulator for cancer immunomodulation. A better appreciation of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms at the molecular level can lead to the discovery of novel and more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Weiwen Xue
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jeff Yat-Fai Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Cristina Alexandra García Córdoba
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alvin Ho-Kwan Cheung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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33
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Transforming Growth Factor-β: A Multifunctional Regulator of Cancer Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113099. [PMID: 33114183 PMCID: PMC7690808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that can restrict cancer onset but also promote cancer progression at late stages of cancer. The ability of TGF-β in producing diverse and sometimes opposing effects relies on its potential to control different cellular signalling and gene expression in distinct cell types, and environmental settings. The tumour promoting role of TGF-β is primarily mediated through its effects on the local tumour microenvironment (TME) of the cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the most recent research on the role and regulation of TGF-β, with a specific focus on its functions on promoting cancer progression through targeting different immune cells in the TME as well as its therapeutic perspectives. Abstract Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was originally identified as an anti-tumour cytokine. However, there is increasing evidence that it has important roles in the tumour microenvironment (TME) in facilitating cancer progression. TGF-β actively shapes the TME via modulating the host immunity. These actions are highly cell-type specific and complicated, involving both canonical and non-canonical pathways. In this review, we systemically update how TGF-β signalling acts as a checkpoint regulator for cancer immunomodulation. A better appreciation of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms at the molecular level can lead to the discovery of novel and more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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34
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Davidov V, Jensen G, Mai S, Chen SH, Pan PY. Analyzing One Cell at a TIME: Analysis of Myeloid Cell Contributions in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1842. [PMID: 32983100 PMCID: PMC7492293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-mediated regulation of the host immune system involves an intricate signaling network that results in the tumor's inherent survival benefit. Myeloid cells are central in orchestrating the mechanisms by which tumors escape immune detection and continue their proliferative programming. Myeloid cell activation has historically been classified using a dichotomous system of classical (M1-like) and alternative (M2-like) states, defining general pro- and anti-inflammatory functions, respectively. Explosions in bioinformatics analyses have rapidly expanded the definitions of myeloid cell pro- and anti-inflammatory states with different combinations of tissue- and disease-specific phenotypic and functional markers. These new definitions have allowed researchers to target specific subsets of disease-propagating myeloid cells in order to modify or arrest the natural progression of the associated disease, especially in the context of tumor-immune interactions. Here, we discuss the myeloid cell contribution to solid tumor initiation and maintenance, and strategies to reprogram their phenotypic and functional fate, thereby disabling the network that benefits tumor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Davidov
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States.,Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Garrett Jensen
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States.,Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sunny Mai
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States.,Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ping-Ying Pan
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States.,Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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35
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Guo M, Luo B, Pan M, Li M, Xu H, Zhao F, Dou J. Colorectal cancer stem cell vaccine with high expression of MUC1 serves as a novel prophylactic vaccine for colorectal cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106850. [PMID: 32777675 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Targeted clearance of colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) has become a novel strategy for tumor immunotherapy. Molecule mucin1 (MUC1) is one of targetable cell surface antigens in CCSCs. However, the critical role of MUC1 in anti-tumor effects of CCSC vaccine remains unclear. In the present study, we showed that MUC1 may be required for CCSC vaccine to exert tumor immunity. CD133+CCSCs were isolated from CT26 cell line using a magnetic-activated cell sorting system, and MUC1 shRNA or recombinant plasmid was further used to decrease or increase the expression of MUC1 in CD133+CCSCs. Mice were subcutaneously immunized with the CCSC lysates, MUC1 knockin CCSCs, and MUC1 knockdown CCSCs respectively, followed by a challenge with CT26 cells. We found that CCSC vaccine significantly reduced the tumor growth via a target killing of CCSCs as evidenced by a decrease of CD133+ cells and ALDH+ cells in tumors. Moreover, CCSC vaccine markedly increased the cytotoxicity of NK cells and the splenocytes, and promoted the release of IFN-γ, Perforin, and Granzyme B, and also reduced the TGF-β1 expression. Additionally, CCSC vaccination enhanced the antibody production and decreased the myeloid derived suppressor cells and Treg subsets. More importantly, MUC1 knockdown partly impaired the anti-tumor efficacy of CCSC vaccine, whereas MUC1 overexpression dramatically enhanced the CCSC vaccine immunity. Overall, these results reveal a novel role and molecular mechanisms of MUC1 in CCSC vaccine against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fengshu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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36
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Qi J, Tang X, Li W, Chen W, Yao G, Sun L. Mesenchymal stem cells inhibited the differentiation of MDSCs via COX2/PGE2 in experimental sialadenitis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:325. [PMID: 32727564 PMCID: PMC7391592 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can regulate innate and adaptive immune systems through interacting with immune cells directly and secreting multiple soluble factors. Due to their immunosuppressive properties, MSC transplantation has been applied to treat many clinical and experimental autoimmune diseases. However, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms by which MSCs regulate myeloid cells in Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) still remain elusive. Methods The number and immune-suppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs), and monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) were determined in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with sialadenitis and in NOD mice with human umbilical cord-derived MSC (UC-MSC) transplantation. Bone marrow cells were cultured with MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) for 4 days. The number and immune-suppressive gene of MDSCs were detected by flow cytometry or qRT-PCR. Results The results showed that the number of MDSCs and PMN-MDSCs was higher and M-MDSCs were lower in NOD mice with sialadenitis. UC-MSCs ameliorated SS-like syndrome by reducing MDSCs, PMN-MDSCs, and M-MDSCs and promoting the suppressive ability of MDSCs significantly in NOD mice. UC-MSCs inhibited the differentiation of MDSCs. In addition, UC-MSCs enhanced the suppressive ability of MDSCs in vitro. Mechanistically, MSCs inhibited the differentiation of MDSCs and PMN-MDSCs via secreting prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and inhibited the differentiation of M-MDSCs through secreting interferon-β (IFN-β). Conclusions Our findings suggested that MSCs alleviated SS-like symptoms by suppressing the aberrant accumulation and improving the suppressive function of MDSCs in NOD mice with sialadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Genhong Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
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37
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Yang X, Ye X, Zhang L, Zhang X, Shu P. Disruption of LTBP4 Induced Activated TGFβ1, Immunosuppression Signal and Promoted Pulmonary Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:7007-7017. [PMID: 32764991 PMCID: PMC7381767 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s246766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The current prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unsatisfactory due to high rates of recurrence and metastasis, which has led to research focused on the discovery of metastasis genes. Methods In this study, we combined in silico analysis and in vitro transwell experiments to identify a metastasis gene. Then, we used an in vivo experiment to validate the metastasis. Furthermore, a series of experiments such as FACS, Western blot, and ELISA were applied to explore the function of the metastasis gene. Results LTBP4 (latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 4) was confirmed as a metastasis gene, whose expression levels are correlated with the overall survival rate of HCC patients. We further showed that the knockout of LTBP4 in an HCC cell line increased cell proliferation, activated the cell cycle, and induced metastasis events. Moreover, we proved that LTBP4-KO could increase the percentage of active TGFβ1 secreted by HCC cell lines, as well as the recruitment of MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) by active TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor beta 1), which further inhibited CD8+ T cell proliferation and activated the immune suppression signal. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the LTBP4-TGFβ1-MDSCs axis is a critical pathway for the immune suppression signals of HCC primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiou Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The People's Hospital of Beilun District, Beilun Branch Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Ye
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The People's Hospital of Beilun District, Beilun Branch Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Beilun District, Beilun Branch Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- Molecular Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Beilun District, Beilun Branch Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Shu
- Molecular Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Beilun District, Beilun Branch Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315800, People's Republic of China
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Chen SMY, Krinsky AL, Woolaver RA, Wang X, Chen Z, Wang JH. Tumor immune microenvironment in head and neck cancers. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:766-774. [PMID: 32017286 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are a heterogeneous group of tumors that are highly aggressive and collectively represent the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Ninety percent of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). The tumor microenvironment (TME) of HNSCCs consists of many different subsets of cells that infiltrate the tumors and interact with the tumor cells or with each other through various networks. Both innate and adaptive immune cells play a crucial role in mediating immune surveillance and controlling tumor growth. Here, we discuss the different subsets of immune cells and how they contribute to an immunosuppressive TME of HNSCCs. We also briefly summarize recent advances in immunotherapeutic approaches for HNSCC treatment. A better understanding of the multiple factors that play pivotal roles in HNSCC tumorigenesis and tumor progression may help define novel targets to develop more effective immunotherapies for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Y Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alexandra L Krinsky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rachel A Woolaver
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Zhangguo Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jing H Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Özcan-Wahlbrink M, Schifflers C, Riemer AB. Enhanced Radiation Sensitivity of Human Papillomavirus-Driven Head and Neck Cancer: Focus on Immunological Aspects. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2831. [PMID: 31849993 PMCID: PMC6901628 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), emerging in the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract, are associated with either the classical risk factors, tobacco and alcohol consumption, or with infections with high-risk types of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Depending on the involvement of HPV, HNSCC follow different pathways of carcinogenesis and show distinct clinical presentations regarding survival, prognosis and treatment response. For instance, HPV-driven HNSCC exhibit an enhanced radiation response compared to their typically radioresistant HPV-negative counterparts. Although radiosensitivity of HNSCC has been studied by many research groups, the major causes for the difference in radiation responses between HPV-driven and HPV-negative HNSCC are still an open question. In this mini review, we discuss the reported cellular and immunological factors involved in the enhanced radiation response in HPV-driven HNSCC, focusing on the vital role of the immune response in the outcome of HNSCC radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Özcan-Wahlbrink
- Immunotherapy and Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schifflers
- Immunotherapy and Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cell Biology Research Unit (URBC)-Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Angelika B Riemer
- Immunotherapy and Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Karam SD, Raben D. Radioimmunotherapy for the treatment of head and neck cancer. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20:e404-e416. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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41
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Ungefroren H. Blockade of TGF-β signaling: a potential target for cancer immunotherapy? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:679-693. [PMID: 31232607 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1636034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Malignant tumors often escape surveillance and eventual destruction by the host immune system through a variety of strategies including production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Because of its generally immunosuppressive role, TGF-β has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy. Areas covered: This article looks at specific mechanisms of how TGF-β controls the function of various immune cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment and focusses on T-cells. Various inhibition tools of TGF-β signaling and potential targets of therapeutic intervention are assessed along with the recent progress in combining TGF-β blockade and immune-mediated therapies. To round off the article, a summary of results from clinical trials is provided in which TGF-β blockade has shown therapeutic benefit for patients. Expert opinion: Data from preclinical models have shown that blocking TGF-β signaling can overcome resistance mechanisms and in combination with immune-checkpoint therapies, can yield additive or synergistic anti-tumor responses. The future of immunooncology will therefore be based on combination trials. Since response rates may critically depend on both cancer type and stage, selection of only those patients who can benefit from combinatorial immunotherapy regimens is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Ungefroren
- a First Department of Medicine , University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, and University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany.,b Clinic for General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery , University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
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42
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Wang H, Zou C, Zhao W, Yu Y, Cui Y, Zhang H, E F, Qiu Z, Zou C, Gao X. Juglone eliminates MDSCs accumulation and enhances antitumor immunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:118-127. [PMID: 31085459 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to immune activity suppression and promote the tumor progression. Elimination of MDSCs is a promising cancer therapeutic strategy, and some chemotherapeutic agents have been reported to hamper tumor progression by suppressing MDSCs. Juglone has been showed to exert a direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. However, the effect of juglone on MDSCs and anti-tumor immune statue has remained unexplored. In our study, we observed that juglone suppressed tumor growth and metastasis markedly, and the tumor growth suppression in immunocompetent mice was more drastic than that in immunodeficient mice. Juglone reduced the accumulation of MDSCs and increased IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells. Consistently, juglone affected myeloid cells differentiation and maturation, impairing the immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs. Moreover, juglone down-regulated the level of IL-1β which was mediating accumulation of MDSCs. In addition, juglone inhibited 5FU-induced liver injury in a colorectal carcinoma-bearing mice model. Thus, our work suggests that the anti-tumor effect of juglone is mediated, at least in part, by eliminating accumulation of MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Chendan Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Weiyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Fang E
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zini Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Chaoxia Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medicine Sciences, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medicine Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China.
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Preliminary Study of the Effect of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) on the Immune System in Lung Cancer Patients Unfit for Surgery: Immunophenotyping Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123963. [PMID: 30544863 PMCID: PMC6320787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An immunophenotyping analysis was performed in peripheral blood samples from seven patients with lung cancer unfit for surgery treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). The objective was to characterize the effect of SBRT on the host immune system. Four patients received 60 Gy (7.5 Gy × 8) and three 50 Gy (12.5 Gy × 4). Analyses were performed before SBRT, 72 h after SBRT, and at one, three, and six months after the end of SBRT. Of note, there was a specific increase of the immunoactive component of the immune system, with elevation of CD56+highCD16+ natural killer (NK) cells (0.95% at baseline to 1.38% at six months), and a decrease of the immunosuppressive component of the immune system, with decreases of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+CDA5RA- regulatory T cells (4.97% at baseline to 4.46% at six months), granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) (from 66.1% at baseline to 62.6% at six months) and monocytic (Mo-MDSCs) (8.2% at baseline to 6.2% at six months). These changes were already apparent at 72 h and persisted over six months. SBRT showed an effect on systemic immune cell populations, which is a relevant finding for supporting future combinations of SBRT with immunotherapy for treating lung cancer patients.
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