1
|
Epperly R, Gottschalk S, DeRenzo C. CAR T cells redirected to B7-H3 for pediatric solid tumors: Current status and future perspectives. EJC PAEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 2024; 3:100160. [PMID: 38957786 PMCID: PMC11218663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcped.2024.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite intensive therapies, pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors have poor outcomes and need novel treatments. Immune therapies offer an alternative to conventional treatment options but require the identification of differentially expressed antigens to direct antitumor activity to sites of disease. B7-H3 (CD276) is an immune regulatory protein that is expressed in a range of malignancies and has limited expression in normal tissues. B7-H3 is highly expressed in pediatric solid tumors including osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma, and many rare tumors. In this article we review B7-H3-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (B7-H3-CAR) T cell therapies for pediatric solid tumors, reporting preclinical development strategies and outlining the landscape of active pediatric clinical trials. We identify challenges to the success of CAR T cell therapy for solid tumors including localizing to and penetrating solid tumor sites, evading the hostile tumor microenvironment, supporting T cell expansion and persistence, and avoiding intrinsic tumor resistance. We highlight strategies to overcome these challenges and enhance the effect of B7-H3-CAR T cells, including advanced CAR T cell design and incorporation of combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Epperly
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Christopher DeRenzo
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen B, Liu J. Prospects and challenges of CAR-T in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112112. [PMID: 38640714 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer ranks as the seventh most prevalent cancer among women and is considered the most lethal gynecological malignancy on a global scale. The absence of reliable screening techniques, coupled with the insidious onset of nonspecific symptoms, often results in a delayed diagnosis, typically at an advanced stage characterized by peritoneal involvement. Management of advanced tumors typically involves a combination of chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery. However, the therapeutic arsenal for ovarian cancer patients remains limited, highlighting the unmet need for precise, targeted, and sustained-release pharmacological agents. Genetically engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) represent a promising novel therapeutic modality that selectively targets specific antigens, demonstrating robust and enduring antitumor responses in numerous patients. CAR T cell therapy has exhibited notable efficacy in hematological malignancies and is currently under investigation for its potential in treating various solid tumors, including ovarian cancer. Currently, numerous researchers are engaged in the development of novel CAR-T cells designed to target ovarian cancer, with subsequent evaluation of these candidate cells in preclinical studies. Given the ability of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expressing T cells to elicit potent and long-lasting anti-tumor effects, this therapeutic approach holds significant promise for the treatment of ovarian cancer. This review article examines the utilization of CAR-T cells in the context of ovarian cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biqing Chen
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Zheng Y, Liu T, Liao C, Shen G, He Z. The potential and promise for clinical application of adoptive T cell therapy in cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:413. [PMID: 38693513 PMCID: PMC11064426 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, especially for hematologic malignancies. T cells are the most extensively utilized cells in adoptive cell therapy. Currently, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, T cell receptor-transgenic T cells and chimeric antigen receptor T cells are the three main adoptive T cell therapies. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes kill tumors by reinfusing enlarged lymphocytes that naturally target tumor-specific antigens into the patient. T cell receptor-transgenic T cells have the ability to specifically destroy tumor cells via the precise recognition of exogenous T cell receptors with major histocompatibility complex. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells transfer genes with specific antigen recognition structural domains and T cell activation signals into T cells, allowing T cells to attack tumors without the assistance of major histocompatibility complex. Many barriers have been demonstrated to affect the clinical efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy, such as tumor heterogeneity and antigen loss, hard trafficking and infiltration, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and T cell exhaustion. Several strategies to improve the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy have been explored, including multispecific chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, combination with immune checkpoint blockade, targeting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, etc. In this review, we will summarize the current status and clinical application, followed by major bottlenecks in adoptive T cell therapy. In addition, we will discuss the promising strategies to improve adoptive T cell therapy. Adoptive T cell therapy will result in even more incredible advancements in solid tumors if the aforementioned problems can be handled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yeteng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Taiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuanyun Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guobo Shen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Zhiyao He
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang T, Tai Z, Miao F, Zhang X, Li J, Zhu Q, Wei H, Chen Z. Adoptive cell therapy for solid tumors beyond CAR-T: Current challenges and emerging therapeutic advances. J Control Release 2024; 368:372-396. [PMID: 38408567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive cellular immunotherapy using immune cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is a highly specific anti-tumor immunotherapy that has shown promise in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, there has been a slow progress toward the treatment of solid tumors owing to the complex tumor microenvironment that affects the localization and killing ability of the CAR cells. Solid tumors with a strong immunosuppressive microenvironment and complex vascular system are unaffected by CAR cell infiltration and attack. To improve their efficacy toward solid tumors, CAR cells have been modified and upgraded by "decorating" and "pruning". This review focuses on the structure and function of CARs, the immune cells that can be engineered by CARs and the transformation strategies to overcome solid tumors, with a view to broadening ideas for the better application of CAR cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingrui Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fengze Miao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jiadong Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cao JW, Lake J, Impastato R, Chow L, Perez L, Chubb L, Kurihara J, Verneris MR, Dow S. Targeting osteosarcoma with canine B7-H3 CAR T cells and impact of CXCR2 Co-expression on functional activity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:77. [PMID: 38554158 PMCID: PMC10981605 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The use of large animal spontaneous models of solid cancers, such as dogs with osteosarcoma (OS), can help develop new cancer immunotherapy approaches, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. The goal of the present study was to generate canine CAR T cells targeting the B7-H3 (CD276) co-stimulatory molecule overexpressed by several solid cancers, including OS in both humans and dogs, and to assess their ability to recognize B7-H3 expressed by canine OS cell lines or by canine tumors in xenograft models. A second objective was to determine whether a novel dual CAR that expressed a chemokine receptor together with the B7-H3 CAR improved the activity of the canine CAR T cells. Therefore, in the studies reported here we examined B7-H3 expression by canine OS tumors, evaluated target engagement by canine B7-H3 CAR T cells in vitro, and compared the relative effectiveness of B7-H3 CAR T cells versus B7-H3-CXCR2 dual CAR T cells in canine xenograft models. We found that most canine OS tumors expressed B7-H3; whereas, levels were undetectable on normal dog tissues. Both B7-H3 CAR T cells demonstrated activation and OS-specific target killing in vitro, but there was significantly greater cytokine production by B7-H3-CXCR2 CAR T cells. In canine OS xenograft models, little anti-tumor activity was generated by B7-H3 CAR T cells; whereas, B7-H3-CXCR2 CAR T cells significantly inhibited tumor growth, inducing complete tumor elimination in most treated mice. These findings indicated therefore that addition of a chemokine receptor could significantly improve the anti-tumor activity of canine B7-H3 CAR T cells, and that evaluation of this new dual CAR construct in dogs with primary or metastatic OS is warranted since such studies could provide a critical and realistic validation of the chemokine receptor concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1678, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jessica Lake
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower 12800 E. 19th Ave. Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Renata Impastato
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Luisanny Perez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Laura Chubb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jade Kurihara
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michael R Verneris
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower 12800 E. 19th Ave. Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1678, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hesari M, Attar Z, Soltani-Shirazi S, Keshavarzian O, Taheri R, Tabrizi R, Fouladseresht H. The Therapeutic Values of IL-7/IL-7R and the Recombinant Derivatives in Glioma: A Narrative Review. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:319-334. [PMID: 37566474 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is essential for maintaining the immune system's defense functions by regulating the development and homeostasis of lymphocytes. Findings have shown the high efficacy of IL-7/IL-7 receptor (IL-7R)-based immunotherapy on various malignancies, with confirmation in both animal models and humans. In recent years, the progression-free survival and overall survival of patients suffering from gliomas significantly increased by introducing C7R-expressing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells and long-acting IL-7 agonists such as NT-I7 (rhIL-7-hyFc, Efineptakin alfa). However, the effect of IL-7-based immunotherapies on the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy (when used simultaneously with chemotherapy agents) is still ambiguous and requires further studies. This article first reviews the pathophysiological roles of IL-7/IL-7R in tumors, focusing on gliomas. Subsequently, it discusses the therapeutic values of IL-7/IL-7R and the recombinant derivatives in gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeinab Attar
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shakiba Soltani-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Reza Taheri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hamed Fouladseresht
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Watanabe T, Mizuno HL, Norimatsu J, Obara T, Cabral H, Tsumoto K, Nakakido M, Kawauchi D, Anraku Y. Ligand Installation to Polymeric Micelles for Pediatric Brain Tumor Targeting. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071808. [PMID: 37050422 PMCID: PMC10097392 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a life-threatening disease with poor therapeutic outcomes. In chemotherapy, low drug accumulation has been a cause of these outcomes. Such inadequate response to treatments has been associated with low drug accumulation, particularly with a limited cellular uptake of drugs. Recently, the conjugation of drugs to ligand molecules with high affinity to tumor cells has attracted much attention for enhancing drug internalization into target cells. Moreover, combining tumor-targeting ligands with nano-scaled drug carriers can potentially improve drug loading capacity and the versatility of the delivery. Herein, we focused on the possibility of targeting CD276/B7-H3, which is highly expressed on the medulloblastoma cell membrane, as a strategy for enhancing the cellular uptake of ligand-installed nanocarriers. Thus, anti-CD276 antibodies were conjugated on the surface of model nanocarriers based on polyion complex micelles (PIC/m) via click chemistry. The results showed that the anti-CD276 antibody-installed PIC/m improved intracellular delivery into CD276-expressing medulloblastoma cells in a CD276-dependent manner. Moreover, increasing the number of antibodies on the surface of micelles improved the cellular uptake efficiency. These observations indicate the potential of anti-CD276 antibody-installed nanocarriers for promoting drug delivery in medulloblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Watanabe
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hayato Laurence Mizuno
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Jumpei Norimatsu
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takumi Obara
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakakido
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Anraku
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang HQ, Fu R, Man QW, Yang G, Liu B, Bu LL. Advances in CAR-T Cell Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062173. [PMID: 36983174 PMCID: PMC10052000 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgery with the assistance of conventional radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy is the basis for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. However, with these treatment modalities, the recurrence and metastasis of tumors remain at a high level. Increasingly, the evidence indicates an excellent anti-tumor effect of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells in hematological malignancy treatment, and this novel immunotherapy has attracted researchers’ attention in HNSCC treatment. Although several clinical trials have been conducted, the weak anti-tumor effect and the side effects of CAR-T cell therapy against HNSCC are barriers to clinical translation. The limited choices of targeting proteins, the barriers of CAR-T cell infiltration into targeted tumors and short survival time in vivo should be solved. In this review, we introduce barriers of CAR-T cell therapy in HNSCC. The limitations and current promising strategies to overcome barriers in solid tumors, as well as the applications for HNSCC treatment, are covered. The perspectives of CAR-T cell therapy in future HNSCC treatment are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ruxing Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qi-Wen Man
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (L.-L.B.)
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (L.-L.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Supimon K, Sangsuwannukul T, Sujjitjoon J, Chieochansin T, Junking M, Yenchitsomanus PT. Cytotoxic activity of anti-mucin 1 chimeric antigen receptor T cells expressing PD-1-CD28 switch receptor against cholangiocarcinoma cells. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:148-161. [PMID: 36396553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a lethal bile-duct cancer that is difficult to treat by current standard procedures. This drawback has prompted us to develop adoptive T-cell therapy for CCA, which requires an appropriate target antigen for binding of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Mucin 1 (MUC1), an overexpressed protein in CCA cells, is a potential target antigen for the CAR T-cell development. However, MUC1 overexpression also is associated with the upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint protein that prohibits anti-tumor functions of T cells, probably causing poor overall survival of patients with CCA. METHODS To overcome this problem, we developed anti-MUC1-CAR T cells containing PD-1-CD28 switch receptor (SR), namely αM.CAR/SR T cells, to target MUC1 and switch on the inhibitory signal of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction to activate CD28 signaling. Our lentiviral construct contains the sequences that encode anti-MUC1-single chain variable fragment, CD137 and CD3ζ, linked with P2A, PD-1 and CD28. RESULTS Initially, the upregulations of MUC1 and PD-L1 proteins were confirmed in CCA cell lines. αM.CAR and SR were co-expressed in 53.53 ± 13.89% of transduced T cells, mainly CD8+ T cells (85.7 ± 0.75%, P<0.0001) with the effector memory phenotype (59.22 ± 16.31%, P < 0.01). αM.CAR/SR T cells produced high levels of intracellular tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ in response to the activation by CCA cells expressing MUC1, including KKU-055 (27.18 ± 4.38% and 27.33 ± 5.55%, respectively, P < 0.05) and KKU-213A (47.37 ± 12.67% and 54.55 ± 8.66%, respectively, P < 0.01). Remarkably, the cytotoxic function of αM.CAR/SR T cells against KKU-213A cells expressing PD-L1 was significantly enhanced compared with the αM.CAR T cells (70.69 ± 14.38% versus 47.15 ± 8.413%, respectively; P = 0.0301), correlated with increased granzyme B production (60.6 ± 9.89% versus 43.2 ± 8.95%, respectively; P = 0.0402). Moreover, the significantly enhanced disruption of KKU-213A spheroids by αM.CAR/SR T cells (P = 0.0027), compared with αM.CAR T cells, was also observed. CONCLUSION Taken together, the cytotoxic function of αM.CAR/SR T cells was enhanced over the αM.CAR T cells, which are potential to be further tested for CCA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamonlapat Supimon
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanich Sangsuwannukul
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Sujjitjoon
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thaweesak Chieochansin
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mutita Junking
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Z, Wang G, Zhong K, Chen Y, Yang N, Lu Q, Yuan B, Wang Z, Li H, Guo L, Zhang R, Wu Z, Zheng M, Zhao S, Tang X, Shao B, Tong A. A drug screening to identify novel combinatorial strategies for boosting cancer immunotherapy efficacy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:23. [PMID: 36635683 PMCID: PMC9838049 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) have made remarkable breakthroughs in cancer treatment, but the efficacy is still limited for solid tumors due to tumor antigen heterogeneity and the tumor immune microenvironment. The restrained treatment efficacy prompted us to seek new potential therapeutic methods. METHODS In this study, we conducted a small molecule compound library screen in a human BC cell line to identify whether certain drugs contribute to CAR T cell killing. Signaling pathways of tumor cells and T cells affected by the screened drugs were predicted via RNA sequencing. Among them, the antitumor activities of JK184 in combination with CAR T cells or ICBs were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We selected three small molecule drugs from a compound library, among which JK184 directly induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the Hedgehog signaling pathway, modulates B7-H3 CAR T cells to an effector memory phenotype, and promotes B7-H3 CAR T cells cytokine secretion in vitro. In addition, our data suggested that JK184 exerts antitumor activities and strongly synergizes with B7-H3 CAR T cells or ICBs in vivo. Mechanistically, JK184 enhances B7-H3 CAR T cells infiltrating in xenograft mouse models. Moreover, JK184 combined with ICB markedly reshaped the tumor immune microenvironment by increasing effector T cells infiltration and inflammation cytokine secretion, inhibiting the recruitment of MDSCs and the transition of M2-type macrophages in an immunocompetent mouse model. CONCLUSION These data show that JK184 may be a potential adjutant in combination with CAR T cells or ICB therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Kunhong Zhong
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Yongdong Chen
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Nian Yang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Qizhong Lu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Boyang Yuan
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Zeng Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Hexian Li
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Liping Guo
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Ruyuan Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Zhiguo Wu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Meijun Zheng
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Xin Tang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Bin Shao
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Aiping Tong
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu L, Qu Y, Cheng L, Yoon CW, He P, Monther A, Guo T, Chittle S, Wang Y. Engineering chimeric antigen receptor T cells for solid tumour therapy. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1141. [PMID: 36495108 PMCID: PMC9736813 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based immunotherapy, for example, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy, has revolutionized cancer treatment, particularly for blood cancers. However, factors such as insufficient T cell tracking, tumour heterogeneity, inhibitory tumour microenvironment (TME) and T cell exhaustion limit the broad application of CAR-based immunotherapy for solid tumours. In particular, the TME is a complex and evolving entity, which is composed of cells of different types (e.g., cancer cells, immune cells and stromal cells), vasculature, soluble factors and extracellular matrix (ECM), with each component playing a critical role in CAR-T immunotherapy. Thus, developing approaches to mitigate the inhibitory TME factors is critical for future success in applying CAR-T cells for solid tumour treatment. Accordingly, understanding the bilateral interaction of CAR-T cells with the TME is in pressing need to pave the way for more efficient therapeutics. In the following review, we will discuss TME-associated aspects with an emphasis on T cell trafficking, ECM barriers, abnormal vasculature, solid tumour heterogenicity and immune suppressive microenvironment. We will then summarize current engineering strategies to overcome the challenges posed by the TME-associated factors. Lastly, the future directions for engineering efficient CAR-T cells for solid tumour therapy will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longwei Liu
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yunjia Qu
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Leonardo Cheng
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chi Woo Yoon
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peixiang He
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Abdula Monther
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tianze Guo
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sarah Chittle
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Al-Hujaily EM, Al-Sowayan BS, Alyousef Z, Uddin S, Alammari F. Recruiting Immunity for the Fight against Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213696. [PMID: 36430176 PMCID: PMC9697544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have changed the landscape of cancer management and improved the standard treatment protocols used in multiple tumors. This has led to significant improvements in progression-free survival and overall survival rates. In this review article, we provide an insight into the major immunotherapeutic methods that are currently under investigation for colorectal cancer (CRC) and their clinical implementations. We emphasize therapies that are based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and adoptive cell therapy, their mechanisms of action, their advantages, and their potential in combination therapy. We also highlight the clinical trials that have demonstrated both the therapeutic efficacy and the toxicities associated with each method. In addition, we summarize emerging targets that are now being evaluated as potential interventions for CRC. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future direction for the cancer immunotherapy field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ensaf M. Al-Hujaily
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batla S. Al-Sowayan
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad Alyousef
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Farah Alammari
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang C, Kong L, Kim S, Lee S, Oh S, Jo S, Jang I, Kim TD. The Role of IL-7 and IL-7R in Cancer Pathophysiology and Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810412. [PMID: 36142322 PMCID: PMC9499417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a multipotent cytokine that maintains the homeostasis of the immune system. IL-7 plays a vital role in T-cell development, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as in B cell maturation through the activation of the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R). IL-7 is closely associated with tumor development and has been used in cancer clinical research and therapy. In this review, we first summarize the roles of IL-7 and IL-7Rα and their downstream signaling pathways in immunity and cancer. Furthermore, we summarize and discuss the recent advances in the use of IL-7 and IL-7Rα as cancer immunotherapy tools and highlight their potential for therapeutic applications. This review will help in the development of cancer immunotherapy regimens based on IL-7 and IL-7Rα, and will also advance their exploitation as more effective and safe immunotherapy tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wang
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Lingzu Kong
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seokmin Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sechan Oh
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Seona Jo
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Inhwan Jang
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
To kill a cancer: Targeting the immune inhibitory checkpoint molecule, B7-H3. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188783. [PMID: 36028149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the anti-tumor immune response via the B7 family of immune-regulatory checkpoint proteins has revolutionized cancer treatment and resulted in punctuated responses in patients. B7-H3 has gained recent attention given its prominent deregulation and immunomodulatory role in a multitude of cancers. Numerous cancer studies have firmly established a strong link between deregulated B7-H3 expression and poorer outcomes. B7-H3 has been shown to augment cancer cell survival, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance by inducing an immune evasive phenotype through its effects on tumor-infiltrating immune cells, cancer cells, cancer-associated vasculature, and the stroma. Given the complex interplay between each of these components of the tumor microenvironment, a deeper understanding of B7-H3 signaling properties is inherently crucial to developing efficacious therapies that can target and inhibit these cancer-promoting interactions. This review delves into the various ways B7-H3 acts as an immunomodulator to facilitate immune evasion and promote tumor growth and spread. With post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications giving rise to different active isoforms coupled with recent discoveries of its putative receptors, B7-H3 can perform diverse functions. Here, we first discuss the dual co-stimulatory/co-inhibitory functions of B7-H3 in the context of normal physiology and cancer. We then discuss the crosstalk facilitated by B7-H3 between stromal components and tumor cells that promote tumor growth and metastasis in different populations of tumor cells, associated vasculature, and the stroma. Concurrently, we highlight therapeutic strategies that can exploit these interactions and their associated limitations, concluding with a special focus on the promise of next-gen in silico-based approaches to small molecule inhibitor drug discovery for B7-H3 that may mitigate these limitations.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li G, Wang H, Wu H, Chen J. B7-H3-targeted CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 41:625-637. [PMID: 35855615 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Since B7-H3 is overexpressed or amplified in many types of solid tumors with a restricted expression in the normal tissues, it has been an emerging immunotherapeutic target for solid tumors. This review will focus on the structural designs of developing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting B7-H3. The expression, receptor, and function of the B7-H3, as well as a short overview of B7-H3-targeted monoclonal antibody therapy, are discussed. Finally, a detailed summary of B7-H3 redirected CAR-T and CAR-NK cell approaches utilized in preclinical models and currently ongoing or completed clinical trials are presented. It has been demonstrated that B7-H3-targeted CAR-based cell therapies were safe in initial trials, but their efficacy was limited. Employing the local delivery routes, the introduction of novel modifications promoting CAR-T persistence, and combined treatment with other standard therapies could improve the efficacy of B7-H3-targeted CAR-T cell therapy against solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Li
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haopeng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Chen
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Marofi F, Achmad H, Bokov D, Abdelbasset WK, Alsadoon Z, Chupradit S, Suksatan W, Shariatzadeh S, Hasanpoor Z, Yazdanifar M, Shomali N, Khiavi FM. Hurdles to breakthrough in CAR T cell therapy of solid tumors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:140. [PMID: 35365241 PMCID: PMC8974159 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous T cells genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) have shown promising outcomes and emerged as a new curative option for hematological malignancy, especially malignant neoplasm of B cells. Notably, when T cells are transduced with CAR constructs, composed of the antigen recognition domain of monoclonal antibodies, they retain their cytotoxic properties in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner. Despite its beneficial effect, the current CAR T cell therapy approach faces myriad challenges in solid tumors, including immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor antigen heterogeneity, stromal impediment, and tumor accessibility, as well as tribulations such as on-target/off-tumor toxicity and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Herein, we highlight the complications that hamper the effectiveness of CAR T cells in solid tumors and the strategies that have been recommended to overcome these hurdles and improve infused T cell performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Harun Achmad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Dmitry Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zeid Alsadoon
- Dentistry Department, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Siavash Shariatzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hasanpoor
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Titov A, Kaminskiy Y, Ganeeva I, Zmievskaya E, Valiullina A, Rakhmatullina A, Petukhov A, Miftakhova R, Rizvanov A, Bulatov E. Knowns and Unknowns about CAR-T Cell Dysfunction. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041078. [PMID: 35205827 PMCID: PMC8870103 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The primary issue of adoptive cell therapy is the poor in vivo persistence. In this context, it is necessary to clarify the fundamental mechanisms of T cell dysfunction. Here we review common dysfunctional states, including exhaustion and senescence, and discuss the challenges associated with phenotypical characterization of these T cell subsets. We overview the heterogeneity among exhausted T cells as well as mechanisms by which T cells get reinvigorated by checkpoint inhibitors. We emphasize that some cancers not responding to such treatment may activate distinct T cell dysfunction programs. Finally, we describe the dysfunction-promoting mechanisms specific for CAR-T cells and the ways to mitigate them. Abstract Immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells is a promising option for cancer treatment. However, T cells and CAR-T cells frequently become dysfunctional in cancer, where numerous evasion mechanisms impair antitumor immunity. Cancer frequently exploits intrinsic T cell dysfunction mechanisms that evolved for the purpose of defending against autoimmunity. T cell exhaustion is the most studied type of T cell dysfunction. It is characterized by impaired proliferation and cytokine secretion and is often misdefined solely by the expression of the inhibitory receptors. Another type of dysfunction is T cell senescence, which occurs when T cells permanently arrest their cell cycle and proliferation while retaining cytotoxic capability. The first section of this review provides a broad overview of T cell dysfunctional states, including exhaustion and senescence; the second section is focused on the impact of T cell dysfunction on the CAR-T therapeutic potential. Finally, we discuss the recent efforts to mitigate CAR-T cell exhaustion, with an emphasis on epigenetic and transcriptional modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Titov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Centre for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Yaroslav Kaminskiy
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Centre for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Irina Ganeeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Ekaterina Zmievskaya
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Aygul Valiullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Aygul Rakhmatullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexey Petukhov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
- Institute of Hematology, Almazov National Medical Research Center, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Regina Miftakhova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Emil Bulatov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The Current Landscape of Targeted Clinical Trials in Non-WNT/Non-SHH Medulloblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030679. [PMID: 35158947 PMCID: PMC8833659 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Medulloblastoma is a form of malignant brain tumor that arises predominantly in infants and young children and can be divided into different groups based on molecular markers. The group of non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma includes a spectrum of heterogeneous subgroups that differ in their biological characteristics, genetic underpinnings, and clinical course of disease. Non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma is currently treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy; however, new drugs are needed to treat patients who are not yet curable and to reduce treatment-related toxicity and side effects. We here review which new treatment options for non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma are currently clinically tested. Furthermore, we illustrate the challenges that have to be overcome to reach a new therapeutic standard for non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma, for instance the current lack of good preclinical models, and the necessity to conduct trials in a comparably small patient collective. Abstract Medulloblastoma is an embryonal pediatric brain tumor and can be divided into at least four molecularly defined groups. The category non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma summarizes medulloblastoma groups 3 and 4 and is characterized by considerable genetic and clinical heterogeneity. New therapeutic strategies are needed to increase survival rates and to reduce treatment-related toxicity. We performed a noncomprehensive targeted review of the current clinical trial landscape and literature to summarize innovative treatment options for non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma. A multitude of new drugs is currently evaluated in trials for which non-WNT/non-SHH patients are eligible, for instance immunotherapy, kinase inhibitors, and drugs targeting the epigenome. However, the majority of these trials is not restricted to medulloblastoma and lacks molecular classification. Whereas many new molecular targets have been identified in the last decade, which are currently tested in clinical trials, several challenges remain on the way to reach a new therapeutic strategy for non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma. These include the severe lack of faithful preclinical models and predictive biomarkers, the question on how to stratify patients for clinical trials, and the relative lack of studies that recruit large, homogeneous patient collectives. Innovative trial designs and international collaboration will be a key to eventually overcome these obstacles.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu M, Zhang Q, Xu S, Yin T, Li F. Successful treatment of refractory retroperitoneal Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with secondary hemophagocytic syndrome by sequential combination regimen of PD-1 blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cells: a case report. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:e769-e775. [PMID: 34387604 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is convincingly contributed to the development of several types of lymphomas such as NK/T cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, plasmablastic lymphoma, and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Herein, we reported an atypical case of EBV-positive DLBCL in an immunocompetent young male patient who presented with epistaxis due to hypergammaglobulinemia. 2-Deoxy-2-[fluorine-8] fluoro-d-glucose PET/computed tomography showed multiple highly metabolic retroperitoneal tissue masses with the involvement of bilateral adrenal gland. Ultrasonography-guided biopsy revealed a significant number of lymphocytes and plasma-like cells that are immunopositive for plasma-cell markers and partly positive for pan-B cell markers. The Ki-67 proliferation index was 20%. The extensive distribution of EBV-encoded small RNAs was confirmed by in-situ hybridization. Due to atypical/overlapping pathological characteristics, it was initially misdiagnosed as extramedullary plasmacytoma and treated with two cycles of bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone. Disease progression occurred and pathology consultation for the retroperitoneal biopsies modified the diagnosis to EBV-positive DLBCL with plasma cell differentiation. The treatment was adjusted to etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, rituximab, and lenalidomide (R2-EPOCH), but no response was observed after three cycles of treatment and he developed hemophagocytic syndrome during treatment. A monotherapy of anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) treatment with tiririzumab was administered, successfully controlling hemophagocytic syndrome and EBV infection. The response assessment was partial for EBV-positive DLBCL, subsequent anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy resulted in complete remission including lumps, immunoglobulins, and negative EBV-DNA 1.5 months later. The present case study proved the possibility of PD-1 blockade in controlling EBV infection and associated hemophagocytic syndrome and offered an example of the combination of CAR-T therapy and PD-1 blockade for refractory EBV-positive DLBCL in clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
- Department of Lymphomatous diseases, Institute of Hematology, Academy of Clinical Medicine of Jiangxi Province
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
- Department of Lymphomatous diseases, Institute of Hematology, Academy of Clinical Medicine of Jiangxi Province
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ting Yin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
- Department of Lymphomatous diseases, Institute of Hematology, Academy of Clinical Medicine of Jiangxi Province
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
- Department of Lymphomatous diseases, Institute of Hematology, Academy of Clinical Medicine of Jiangxi Province
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hu L, Chen L, Xiao Z, Zheng X, Chen Y, Xian N, Cho C, Luo L, Huang G, Chen L. Ablation of T cell-associated PD-1H enhances functionality and promotes adoptive immunotherapy. JCI Insight 2021; 7:148247. [PMID: 34905507 PMCID: PMC8855794 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-1 homolog (PD-1H) is a co-inhibitory molecule that negatively regulates T cell-mediated immune responses. In this study, we determined whether ablation of T cell-associated PD-1H could enhance adoptive T cell therapy in experimental tumor models. The expression of PD-1H is up-regulated in activated and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Activated CD8+ T cells from PD-1H deficient (KO) mice exhibited increased cell proliferation, cytokine production and anti-tumor activity in vitro. Adoptive transfer of PD-1H-KO CD8+ T cells resulted in the regression of established syngeneic mouse tumors. Similar results were obtained when PD-1H was ablated in T cells by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene silencing. Furthermore, ablation of PD-1H in CAR-T cells significantly improved their anti-tumor activity against human xenografts in vivo. Our results indicate that T cell-associated PD-1H could suppress immunity in the tumor microenvironment and targeting PD-1H may improve T cell adoptive immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zexiu Xiao
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuangui Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Na Xian
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Christina Cho
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Liqun Luo
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gangxiong Huang
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Advances in immunotherapeutic targets for childhood cancers: A focus on glypican-2 and B7-H3. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107892. [PMID: 33992682 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have revolutionized how we can treat adult malignancies and are being translated to pediatric oncology. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and bispecific antibodies targeting CD19 have shown success for the treatment of pediatric patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody has demonstrated efficacy in neuroblastoma. In this review, we summarize the immunotherapeutic agents that have been approved for treating childhood cancers and provide an updated review of molecules expressed by pediatric cancers that are under study or are emerging candidates for future immunotherapies. Advances in our knowledge of tumor immunology and in genome profiling of cancers has led to the identification of new tumor-specific/associated antigens. While cell surface antigens are normally targeted in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner using antibody-based therapies, intracellular antigens are normally targeted with MHC-dependent T cell therapies. Glypican 2 (GPC2) and B7-H3 (CD276) are two cell surface antigens that are expressed by a variety of pediatric tumors such as neuroblastoma and potentially can have a positive impact on the treatment of pediatric cancers in the clinic.
Collapse
|
22
|
Grote S, Ureña-Bailén G, Chan KCH, Baden C, Mezger M, Handgretinger R, Schleicher S. In Vitro Evaluation of CD276-CAR NK-92 Functionality, Migration and Invasion Potential in the Presence of Immune Inhibitory Factors of the Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2021; 10:1020. [PMID: 33925968 PMCID: PMC8145105 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is the most lethal of all skin-related cancers with incidences continuously rising. Novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed, especially for the treatment of metastasizing or therapy-resistant melanoma. CAR-modified immune cells have shown excellent results in treating hematological malignancies and might represent a new treatment strategy for refractory melanoma. However, solid tumors pose some obstacles for cellular immunotherapy, including the identification of tumor-specific target antigens, insufficient homing and infiltration of immune cells as well as immune cell dysfunction in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS In order to investigate whether CAR NK cell-based immunotherapy can overcome the obstacles posed by the TME in melanoma, we generated CAR NK-92 cells targeting CD276 (B7-H3) which is abundantly expressed in solid tumors, including melanoma, and tested their effectivity in vitro in the presence of low pH, hypoxia and other known factors of the TME influencing anti-tumor responses. Moreover, the CRISPR/Cas9-induced disruption of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A was assessed for its potential enhancement of NK-92-mediated anti-tumor activity. RESULTS CD276-CAR NK-92 cells induced specific cytolysis of melanoma cell lines while being able to overcome a variety of the immunosuppressive effects normally exerted by the TME. NKG2A knock-out did not further improve CAR NK-92 cell-mediated cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The strong cytotoxic effect of a CD276-specific CAR in combination with an "off-the-shelf" NK-92 cell line not being impaired by some of the most prominent negative factors of the TME make CD276-CAR NK-92 cells a promising cellular product for the treatment of melanoma and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Grote
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (G.U.-B.); (K.C.-H.C.); (C.B.); (M.M.); (R.H.); (S.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marcucci F, Rumio C. Depleting Tumor Cells Expressing Immune Checkpoint Ligands-A New Approach to Combat Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:872. [PMID: 33921301 PMCID: PMC8069236 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies against inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules (ICPMs), referred to as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have gained a prominent place in cancer therapy. Several ICIs in clinical use have been engineered to be devoid of effector functions because of the fear that ICIs with preserved effector functions could deplete immune cells, thereby curtailing antitumor immune responses. ICPM ligands (ICPMLs), however, are often overexpressed on a sizeable fraction of tumor cells of many tumor types and these tumor cells display an aggressive phenotype with changes typical of tumor cells undergoing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, immune cells expressing ICPMLs are often endowed with immunosuppressive or immune-deviated functionalities. Taken together, these observations suggest that compounds with the potential of depleting cells expressing ICPMLs may become useful tools for tumor therapy. In this article, we summarize the current state of the art of these compounds, including avelumab, which is the only ICI targeting an ICPML with preserved effector functions that has gained approval so far. We also discuss approaches allowing to obtain compounds with enhanced tumor cell-depleting potential compared to native antibodies. Eventually, we propose treatment protocols that may be applied in order to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of compounds that deplete cells expressing ICPMLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Marcucci
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu J, Yang S, Cao B, Zhou G, Zhang F, Wang Y, Wang R, Zhu L, Meng Y, Hu C, Liang H, Lin X, Zhu K, Chen G, Luo KQ, Di L, Zhao Q. Targeting B7-H3 via chimeric antigen receptor T cells and bispecific killer cell engagers augments antitumor response of cytotoxic lymphocytes. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:21. [PMID: 33514401 PMCID: PMC7844995 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B7-H3, an immune-checkpoint molecule and a transmembrane protein, is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), making it an attractive therapeutic target. Here, we aimed to systematically evaluate the value of B7-H3 as a target in NSCLC via T cells expressing B7-H3-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and bispecific killer cell engager (BiKE)-redirected natural killer (NK) cells. METHODS We generated B7-H3 CAR and B7-H3/CD16 BiKE derived from an anti-B7-H3 antibody omburtamab that has been shown to preferentially bind tumor tissues and has been safely used in humans in early-phase clinical trials. Antitumor efficacy and induced-immune response of CAR and BiKE were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The effects of B7-H3 on aerobic glycolysis in NSCLC cells were further investigated. RESULTS B7-H3 CAR-T cells effectively inhibited NSCLC tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. B7-H3 redirection promoted highly specific T-cell infiltration into tumors. Additionally, NK cell activity could be specially triggered by B7-H3/CD16 BiKE through direct CD16 signaling, resulting in significant increase in NK cell activation and target cell death. BiKE improved antitumor efficacy mediated by NK cells in vitro and in vivo, regardless of the cell surface target antigen density on tumor tissues. Furthermore, we found that anti-B7-H3 blockade might alter tumor glucose metabolism via the reactive oxygen species-mediated pathway. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results suggest that B7-H3 may serve as a target for NSCLC therapy and support the further development of two therapeutic agents in the preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/therapeutic use
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
| | - Bihui Cao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
| | - Lipeng Zhu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
| | - Ya Meng
- Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Hu
- Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Kangshun Zhu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
| | - Kathy Qian Luo
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
| | - Lijun Di
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SPR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li H, Yang C, Cheng H, Huang S, Zheng Y. CAR-T cells for Colorectal Cancer: Target-selection and strategies for improved activity and safety. J Cancer 2021; 12:1804-1814. [PMID: 33613769 PMCID: PMC7890323 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy is a novel method that is genetically engineered to recruit T cells against malignant disease. Administration of CAR-T cells has led to progress in hematological malignancies, and it has been proposed for solid tumors like colorectal cancer (CRC) for years. However, this method was not living up to expectations for the intrinsic challenges posed to CAR-T cells by solid tumors, which mainly due to the lacking of tumor-restricted antigens and adverse effects following treatment. New approaches are proposed to overcome the multiple challenges to alleviate the difficult situation of CAR-T cells in CRC, including engineering T cells with immune-activating molecules, regional administration of T cell, bispecific T cell engager, and combinatorial target-antigen recognition. In this review, we sum up the current stage of knowledge about target-selection, adverse events like on/off-tumor toxicity, the preclinical and clinical studies of CAR-T therapy, and the characteristics of strategies applied in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huali Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Huangrong Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Shuoyang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yongbin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Poorebrahim M, Melief J, Pico de Coaña Y, L Wickström S, Cid-Arregui A, Kiessling R. Counteracting CAR T cell dysfunction. Oncogene 2021; 40:421-435. [PMID: 33168929 PMCID: PMC7808935 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In spite of high rates of complete remission following chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, the efficacy of this approach is limited by generation of dysfunctional CAR T cells in vivo, conceivably induced by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and excessive antigen exposure. Exhaustion and senescence are two critical dysfunctional states that impose a pivotal hurdle for successful CAR T cell therapies. Recently, modified CAR T cells with an "exhaustion-resistant" phenotype have shown superior antitumor functions and prolonged lifespan. In addition, several studies have indicated the feasibility of senescence delay in CAR T cells. Here, we review the latest reports regarding blockade of CAR T cell exhaustion and senescence with a particular focus on the exhaustion-inducing pathways. Subsequently, we describe what potential these latest insights offer for boosting the potency of adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapies involving CAR T cells. Furthermore, we discuss how induction of costimulation, cytokine exposure, and TME modulation can impact on CAR T cell efficacy and persistence, while potential safety issues associated with reinvigorated CAR T cells will also be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Poorebrahim
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Targeted Tumor Vaccines Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jeroen Melief
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yago Pico de Coaña
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stina L Wickström
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angel Cid-Arregui
- Targeted Tumor Vaccines Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hill CS, Devesa SC, Ince W, Borg A, Aquilina K. A systematic review of ongoing clinical trials in optic pathway gliomas. Childs Nerv Syst 2020; 36:1869-1886. [PMID: 32556546 PMCID: PMC7434789 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs), also known as Visual Pathway Gliomas, are insidious, debilitating tumours. They are most commonly WHO grade 1 pilocytic astrocytomas and frequently occur in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. The location of OPGs within the optic pathway typically precludes complete resection or optimal radiation dosing, hence outcomes remain poor compared to many other low-grade gliomas. The aim of this systematic review was to formulate a comprehensive list of all current ongoing clinical trials that are specifically looking at clinical care of OPGs in order to identify trends in current research and provide an overview to guide future research efforts. METHODS This systematic review was conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and final results were reviewed. RESULTS 501 clinical trials were identified with the search strategy. All were screened and eligible studies extracted and reviewed. This yielded 36 ongoing clinical trials, 27 of which were pharmacological agents in phase I-III. The remaining trials were a mixture of biological agents, radiation optimisation, diagnostic imaging, surgical intervention, and a social function analysis. CONCLUSION OPG is a complex multifaceted disease, and advances in care require ongoing research efforts across a spectrum of different research fields. This review provides an update on the current state of research in OPG and summarises ongoing trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran Scott Hill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | - William Ince
- Ipswich Hospital, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Trust, Health Road, Ipswich, IP45PD, UK
| | - Anouk Borg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kristian Aquilina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li H, Huang C, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Wang Z, Tang X, Zhong K, Hu Y, Guo G, Zhou L, Guo W, Xu J, Yang H, Tong A. MEK Inhibitor Augments Antitumor Activity of B7-H3-Redirected Bispecific Antibody. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1527. [PMID: 32984002 PMCID: PMC7477310 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer antigens by T cell-engaging bispecific antibody (BiAb) or chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy has achieved successes in hematological cancers, but attempts to use it to fight solid cancers have been disappointing, in part due to antigen escape. MEK inhibitor had limited activity as a single agent, but enhanced antitumor activity when combined with other therapies, such as targeted drugs or immunotherapy agents. This study aimed to analyze the expression of B7-H3 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and bladder cancer (BC) and to evaluate the combinatorial antitumor effect of B7-H3 × CD3 BiAb with MEK inhibitor trametinib. We found B7-H3 was highly expressed in NSCLC and BC compared with normal samples and its increased expression was associated with poor prognosis. Treatment with trametinib alone could induce apoptosis in tumor cell, while has no effect on T cell proliferation, and a noticeable elevation of B7-H3 expression in tumor cells was also observed following treatment. B7-H3 × CD3 BiAb specifically and efficiently redirected their cytotoxicity against B7-H3 overexpressing tumor cells both in vitro and in xenograft mouse models. While trametinib treatment alone affected tumor growth, the combined therapy increased T cell infiltration and significantly suppressed tumor growth. Together, these data suggest that combination therapy with B7-H3 × CD3 BiAb and MEK inhibitor may serve as a new therapeutic strategy in the future clinical practice for the treatment of NSCLC and BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunhong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yating Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhao Guo
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang S, Cao B, Zhou G, Zhu L, Wang L, Zhang L, Kwok HF, Zhang Z, Zhao Q. Targeting B7-H3 Immune Checkpoint With Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered Natural Killer Cells Exhibits Potent Cytotoxicity Against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1089. [PMID: 32848731 PMCID: PMC7406658 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified natural killer (NK) cell therapy represents a kind of promising anti-cancer treatment because CAR renders NK cells activation and recognition specificity toward tumor cells. An immune checkpoint molecule, B7-H3, plays an inhibitory role in modulation of NK cells. To enhance NK cell functions, we generated NK-92MI cells carrying anti-B7-H3 CAR by lentiviral transduction. The expression of anti-B7-H3 CAR significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of NK-92MI cells against B7-H3-positive tumor cells. In accordance with enhanced cytotoxicity, the secretions of perforin/granzyme B and expression of CD107a were highly elevated in anti-B7-H3 CAR-NK-92MI cells. Moreover, compared to unmodified NK-92MI cells, anti-B7-H3 CAR-NK-92MI cells effectively limited tumor growth in mouse xenografts of non-small cell lung cancer and significantly prolonged the survival days of mice. This study provides the rationale and feasibility of B7-H3-specific CAR-NK cells for application in adoptive cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Bihui Cao
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center and Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumor Microenviroment, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lipeng Zhu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center and Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumor Microenviroment, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center and Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumor Microenviroment, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu S, Tang L, Li X, Fan F, Liu Z. Immunotherapy for glioma: Current management and future application. Cancer Lett 2020; 476:1-12. [PMID: 32044356 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are intrinsic brain tumors that originate from neuroglial progenitor cells. Conventional therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have achieved limited improvements in the prognosis of glioma patients. Immunotherapy, a revolution in cancer treatment, has become a promising strategy with the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier since the pioneering discovery of lymphatics in the central nervous system. Here we detail the current management of gliomas and previous studies assessing different immunotherapies in gliomas, despite the fact that the associated clinical trials have not been completed yet. Moreover, several drugs that have undergone clinical trials are listed as novel strategies for future application; however, these clinical trials have indicated limited efficacy in glioma. Therefore, additional studies are warranted to evaluate novel therapeutic approaches in glioma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhe Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|