1
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Yu F, Xie Y, Yang J. Analysis of hyperlipidemia risk factors among pilots based on physical examination data: A study using a multilevel propensity score models. Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:341. [PMID: 39006453 PMCID: PMC11240281 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pilot tends to have a high prevalence of dyslipidemia. The present study aimed to identify key factors of pilot hyperlipidemia through thorough analysis of physical examination data, and to provide pilot-targeted health guidance to manage hyperlipidemia risks. The physical examination data of 1,253 pilot inpatients from January 2019 to June 2022, were evaluated and divided into two groups based on whether or not the pilot had hyperlipidemia. A total of three multivariate analysis models including logistic model, multilevel model and boosting propensity score were applied to find the risk factors of pilot hyperlipidemia. In the group of pilots with hyperlipidemia, four risk factors, including thrombin time, carbohydrate antigen 199, lymphocyte count and rheumatoid factor, were significantly different from pilots without hyperlipidemia, which might be positively associated with the incidence of hyperlipidemia. In future studies regarding pilots, whether hyperlipidemia is connected to abnormalities in thrombin time, carbohydrate antigen 199 and rheumatoid factor should be further explored. Based on the findings of the present study, pilot health management should be more refined and personalized, and attention should be paid to the risk factors of hyperlipidemia including diet and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yu
- Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xie
- Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jishun Yang
- Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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2
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Rajagopal D, MacLeod E, Corogeanu D, Vessillier S. Immune-related adverse events of antibody-based biological medicines in cancer therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18470. [PMID: 38963257 PMCID: PMC11223167 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies (Abs) are an integral modality for the treatment of multiple tumour malignancies. Since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of rituximab as the first monoclonal antibody (mAb) for cancer treatment, several mAbs and antibody (Ab)-based therapies have been approved for the treatment of solid tumour malignancies and other cancers. These Abs function by either blocking oncogenic pathways or angiogenesis, modulating immune response, or by delivering a conjugated drug. The use of Ab-based therapy in cancer patients who could benefit from the treatment, however, is still limited by associated toxicity profiles which may stem from biological features and processes related to target binding, alongside biochemical and/or biophysical characteristics of the therapeutic Ab. A significant immune-related adverse event (irAE) associated with Ab-based therapies is cytokine release syndrome (CRS), characterized by the development of fever, rash and even marked, life-threatening hypotension, and acute inflammation with secondary to systemic uncontrolled increase in a range of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we review irAEs associated with specific classes of approved, Ab-based novel cancer immunotherapeutics, namely immune checkpoint (IC)-targeting Abs, bispecific Abs (BsAbs) and Ab-drug-conjugates (ADCs), highlighting the significance of harmonization in preclinical assay development for safety assessment of Ab-based biotherapeutics as an approach to support and refine clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Rajagopal
- Immunotherapy, Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies Division, Science, Research, and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)HertfordshireUK
| | - Elliot MacLeod
- Immunotherapy, Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies Division, Science, Research, and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)HertfordshireUK
- Present address:
Gilead Sciences, Winchester HouseOxfordUK
| | - Diana Corogeanu
- Immunotherapy, Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies Division, Science, Research, and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)HertfordshireUK
- Present address:
East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Conquest HospitalEast SussexUK
| | - Sandrine Vessillier
- Immunotherapy, Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies Division, Science, Research, and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)HertfordshireUK
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3
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Zhang Z, Yang N, Lu H, Chen Y, Xu L, Wang Z, Lu Q, Zhong K, Zhu Z, Wang G, Li H, Zheng M, Zhang W, Yang H, Peng X, Zhou L, Tong A. Improved antitumor effects elicited by an oncolytic HSV-1 expressing a novel B7H3nb/CD3 BsAb. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216760. [PMID: 38428724 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have emerged as a promising modality for cancer treatment due to their unique abilities to directly destroy tumor cells and modulate the tumor microenvironment. Bispecific T-cell engagers (BsAbs) have been developed to activate and redirect cytotoxic T lymphocytes, enhancing the antitumor response. To take advantage of the specific infection capacity and carrying ability of exogenous genes, we generated a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-1dko-B7H3nb/CD3 or HSV-1dko-B7H3nb/mCD3, carrying a B7H3nb/CD3 or B7H3nb/mCD3 BsAb that replicates and expresses BsAb in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. The new generation of oncolytic viruses has been genetically modified using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and the cre-loxp system to increase the efficiency of HSV genome editing. Additionally, we used two fully immunocompetent models (GL261 and MC38) to assess the antitumor effect of HSV-1dko-B7H3nb/mCD3. Compared with the HSV-1dko control virus, HSV-1dko-B7H3nb/mCD3 induced enhanced anti-tumor immune responses and T-cell infiltration in both GL261 and MC38 models, resulting in improved treatment efficacy in the latter. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis of the tumor microenvironment confirmed an increase in NK cells and effector CD8+ T cells, and a decrease in immunosuppressive cells, including FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and CD206+ macrophages (M2). Overall, our study identified a novel camel B7H3 nanobody and described the genetic modification of the HSV-1 genome using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and the cre-loxp system. Our findings indicate that expressing B7H3nb/CD3 BsAb could improve the antitumor effects of HSV-1 based oncolytic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Nian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Huaqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Yongdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Long Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Qizhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Kunhong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, West China Medical School, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Hexian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Meijun Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Fifth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Shizuishan, Ningxia, 753000, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, China.
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan Province, 610041, China; Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, China.
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4
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Zhang Y, Yang Z, Saimi D, Shen X, Ye J, Yu B, Pefaur N, Scheer JM, Nixon AE, Chen Z. Geometric Antibody Engineering Reveals the Spatial Factor on the Efficacy of Bispecific T Cell Engagers. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:916-925. [PMID: 38491942 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) represent an emerging class of biologics that can recognize two different antigens or epitopes. T-cell engagers (TcEs) bind two targets in trans on the cell surface of the effector and target cell to induce proximal immune effects, opening exciting windows for immunotherapies. To date, the engineering of BsAbs has been mainly focused on tuning the molecular weight and valency. However, the effects of spatial factors on the biological functions of BsAbs have been less explored due to the lack of biochemical methods to precisely manipulate protein geometry. Here, we studied the geometric effects of the TcEs. First, by genetically inserting rigidly designed ankyrin repeat proteins into TcEs, we revealed that the efficacy progressively decreased as the spacer distance of the two binding domains increased. Then, we constructed 26 pairs of TcEs with the same size but varying orientations using click chemistry-mediated conjugation at different mutation sites. We found that linear ligation sites play a minor role in modulating cell-killing efficacy. Next, we rendered the TcEs' advanced topology by cyclization chemistry using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher pair or sortase ligation approaches. Cyclized TcEs were generally more potent than their linear counterparts. Particularly, sortase A cyclized TcEs, bearing a minimal tagging motif, exhibited better cell-killing efficacy in vitro and improved stability both in vitro and in vivo compared to the linear TcE. This work combines modern bioconjugation chemistry and protein engineering tools for antibody engineering, shedding light on the elusive spatial factors of BsAbs functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dilizhatai Saimi
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaowen Shen
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junqing Ye
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim, Investment Co., Ltd., Beijing 100027, China
| | - Bingke Yu
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim, Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Noah Pefaur
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Justin M Scheer
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Andrew E Nixon
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Zhixing Chen
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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5
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Tomita U, Ishimoto Y, Ri M, Kawase Y, Hizukuri Y, Maru C, Nanai K, Nakamura R, Nakayama M, Oguchi-Oshima K, Sumi H, Ohtsuka T, Iida S, Agatsuma T. A novel T cell-redirecting anti-GPRC5D × CD3 bispecific antibody with potent antitumor activity in multiple myeloma preclinical models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5135. [PMID: 38429446 PMCID: PMC10907593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor class 5 member D (GPRC5D) is detected in malignant plasma cells in approximately 90% of patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we constructed BsAb5003, a novel humanized bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting CD3 and GPRC5D, and evaluated its therapeutic impact on MM. BsAb5003 induced specific cytotoxicity of GPRC5D-positive MM cells with concomitant T cell activation and cytokine release. The efficacy of BsAb5003 was associated with GPRC5D expression levels in MM cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) from 49 MM patients revealed that GPRC5D was expressed in a wide population of MM patients, including heavily treated and high-risk patients. In ex vivo assays using BMMNCs, BsAb5003 induced potent efficacy against CD138 + MM cells in both newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory patient samples in a GPRC5D expression-dependent manner. BsAb5003 significantly enhanced T cell activation and cytokine production in combination with immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) against MM cell lines. BsAb5003 also demonstrated significant inhibition of in vivo tumor growth by recruiting T cells. Taken together, these results suggest that T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody targeting GPRC5D as monotherapy and combination therapy with IMiDs could be a highly potent and effective treatment approach for a wide population of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masaki Ri
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shinsuke Iida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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6
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Leclercq-Cohen G, Steinhoff N, Albertí Servera L, Nassiri S, Danilin S, Piccione E, Yángüez E, Hüsser T, Herter S, Schmeing S, Gerber P, Schwalie P, Sam J, Briner S, Jenni S, Bianchi R, Biehl M, Cremasco F, Apostolopoulou K, Haegel H, Klein C, Umaña P, Bacac M. Dissecting the Mechanisms Underlying the Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) Mediated by T-Cell Bispecific Antibodies. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4449-4463. [PMID: 37379429 PMCID: PMC10618647 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Target-dependent TCB activity can result in the strong and systemic release of cytokines that may develop into cytokine release syndrome (CRS), highlighting the need to understand and prevent this complex clinical syndrome. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We explored the cellular and molecular players involved in TCB-mediated cytokine release by single-cell RNA-sequencing of whole blood treated with CD20-TCB together with bulk RNA-sequencing of endothelial cells exposed to TCB-induced cytokine release. We used the in vitro whole blood assay and an in vivo DLBCL model in immunocompetent humanized mice to assess the effects of dexamethasone, anti-TNFα, anti-IL6R, anti-IL1R, and inflammasome inhibition, on TCB-mediated cytokine release and antitumor activity. RESULTS Activated T cells release TNFα, IFNγ, IL2, IL8, and MIP-1β, which rapidly activate monocytes, neutrophils, DCs, and NKs along with surrounding T cells to amplify the cascade further, leading to TNFα, IL8, IL6, IL1β, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and IP-10 release. Endothelial cells contribute to IL6 and IL1β release and at the same time release several chemokines (MCP-1, IP-10, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β). Dexamethasone and TNFα blockade efficiently reduced CD20-TCB-mediated cytokine release whereas IL6R blockade, inflammasome inhibition, and IL1R blockade induced a less pronounced effect. Dexamethasone, IL6R blockade, IL1R blockade, and the inflammasome inhibitor did not interfere with CD20-TCB activity, in contrast to TNFα blockade, which partially inhibited antitumor activity. CONCLUSIONS Our work sheds new light on the cellular and molecular players involved in cytokine release driven by TCBs and provides a rationale for the prevention of CRS in patients treated with TCBs. See related commentary by Luri-Rey et al., p. 4320.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Leclercq-Cohen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Steinhoff
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Llucia Albertí Servera
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sina Nassiri
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Danilin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emily Piccione
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, San Francisco, California
| | - Emilio Yángüez
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Hüsser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Herter
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Schmeing
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Petra Gerber
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schwalie
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sam
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Briner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Jenni
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Biehl
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Floriana Cremasco
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Katerina Apostolopoulou
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Haegel
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
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7
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Weddell J. Mechanistically modeling peripheral cytokine dynamics following bispecific dosing in solid tumors. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2023; 12:1726-1737. [PMID: 36710368 PMCID: PMC10681545 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies exhibit proven clinical benefit, and many bispecifics are currently in clinical development for oncology. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a common clinical adverse effect observed following CD3-based bispecific dosing. However, the pathophysiology of CRS is not fully understood, and no computational model mechanistically describing clinical cytokine dynamics following bispecific dosing in solid tumors exists. Here, a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model describing peripheral clinical cytokine dynamics following bispecific dosing in solid tumors is presented. Using tebentafusp as a case study, a CD3-bispecific approved for uveal melanoma, the model successfully captures the dynamics of five cytokines. The QSP model was shown to predict observed phenomena, such as cytokine maximum concentration suppression using step-up dosing regimens and the importance of on-target off-tumor binding toward CRS and toxicity. Furthermore, the QSP model provides rationale for these biological phenomena based on dynamics of immune cell activation and desensitization in tumors and healthy tissues. Overall, the QSP model structure presented here serves as a basis to infer cytokine dynamics for other CD3-based bispecifics or tumor types by altering model parameters to capture the scenario of interest, supporting applications including dose selection, candidate nomination, and disease area selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Weddell
- Clinical Pharmacology and Exploratory DevelopmentAstellas Pharma Global Development Inc.NorthbrookIllinoisUSA
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8
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Matarasso S, Assouline S. Mosunetuzumab and the emerging role of T-cell-engaging therapy in follicular lymphoma. Future Oncol 2023; 19:2083-2101. [PMID: 37882361 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent lymphoma. Since the advent of rituximab, FL has seen a progressive improvement in patient prognosis. While chemotherapy combined with an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody remains standard first-line therapy, most patients will relapse and require subsequent therapy. T-cell-redirecting therapies can be very potent and are transforming the therapeutic landscape in the relapsed and refractory (R/R) setting. T-cell-dependent bispecific antibodies, of which mosunetuzumab is the first to be approved for R/R FL, are proving to be a highly effective, 'off-the-shelf' option with manageable toxicities. This review covers approved treatments for R/R FL and focuses on preclinical and clinical data available for mosunetuzumab (Lunsumio™), with the goal of determining its role in the treatment of R/R FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Matarasso
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, E725, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sarit Assouline
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, E725, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
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9
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Omer MH, Shafqat A, Ahmad O, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A, Damlaj M. Bispecific Antibodies in Hematological Malignancies: A Scoping Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4550. [PMID: 37760519 PMCID: PMC10526328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) and bispecific antibodies (BiAbs) have revolutionized the treatment landscape of hematological malignancies. By directing T cells towards specific tumor antigens, BiTEs and BiAbs facilitate the T-cell-mediated lysis of neoplastic cells. The success of blinatumomab, a CD19xCD3 BiTE, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia spearheaded the expansive development of BiTEs/BiAbs in the context of hematological neoplasms. Nearly a decade later, numerous BiTEs/BiAbs targeting a range of tumor-associated antigens have transpired in the treatment of multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, despite their generally favorable safety profiles, particular toxicities such as infections, cytokine release syndrome, myelosuppression, and neurotoxicity after BiAb/BiTE therapy raise valid concerns. Moreover, target antigen loss and the immunosuppressive microenvironment of hematological neoplasms facilitate resistance towards BiTEs/BiAbs. This review aims to highlight the most recent evidence from clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of BiAbs/BiTEs. Additionally, the review will provide mechanistic insights into the limitations of BiAbs whilst outlining practical applications and strategies to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Omer
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.A.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Omar Ahmad
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.A.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.A.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.A.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Moussab Damlaj
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 11001, United Arab Emirates;
- College of Medicine, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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Sprooten J, Laureano RS, Vanmeerbeek I, Govaerts J, Naulaerts S, Borras DM, Kinget L, Fucíková J, Špíšek R, Jelínková LP, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Krysko DV, Coosemans A, Vaes RD, De Ruysscher D, De Vleeschouwer S, Wauters E, Smits E, Tejpar S, Beuselinck B, Hatse S, Wildiers H, Clement PM, Vandenabeele P, Zitvogel L, Garg AD. Trial watch: chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death in oncology. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2219591. [PMID: 37284695 PMCID: PMC10240992 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2219591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) refers to an immunologically distinct process of regulated cell death that activates, rather than suppresses, innate and adaptive immune responses. Such responses culminate into T cell-driven immunity against antigens derived from dying cancer cells. The potency of ICD is dependent on the immunogenicity of dying cells as defined by the antigenicity of these cells and their ability to expose immunostimulatory molecules like damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines like type I interferons (IFNs). Moreover, it is crucial that the host's immune system can adequately detect the antigenicity and adjuvanticity of these dying cells. Over the years, several well-known chemotherapies have been validated as potent ICD inducers, including (but not limited to) anthracyclines, paclitaxels, and oxaliplatin. Such ICD-inducing chemotherapeutic drugs can serve as important combinatorial partners for anti-cancer immunotherapies against highly immuno-resistant tumors. In this Trial Watch, we describe current trends in the preclinical and clinical integration of ICD-inducing chemotherapy in the existing immuno-oncological paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raquel S. Laureano
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isaure Vanmeerbeek
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jannes Govaerts
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel M. Borras
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Kinget
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jitka Fucíková
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Špíšek
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Palová Jelínková
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Liguecontre le Cancer, Université de Paris, sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Liguecontre le Cancer, Université de Paris, sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Insitute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Coosemans
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rianne D.W. Vaes
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven De Vleeschouwer
- Department Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department Neuroscience, Laboratory for Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Wauters
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (Breathe), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholiek Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, VIB-Ugent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benoit Beuselinck
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul M. Clement
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, VIB-Ugent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Tumour Immunology and Immunotherapy of Cancer, European Academy of Tumor Immunology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Abhishek D. Garg
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Shah D, Soper B, Shopland L. Cytokine release syndrome and cancer immunotherapies - historical challenges and promising futures. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190379. [PMID: 37304291 PMCID: PMC10248525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer immunotherapy involves reinvigorating the patient's own immune system to fight against cancer. While novel approaches like Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells, bispecific T cell engagers, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising efficacy, Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) is a serious adverse effect and remains a major concern. CRS is a phenomenon of immune hyperactivation that results in excessive cytokine secretion, and if left unchecked, it may lead to multi-organ failure and death. Here we review the pathophysiology of CRS, its occurrence and management in the context of cancer immunotherapy, and the screening approaches that can be used to assess CRS and de-risk drug discovery earlier in the clinical setting with more predictive pre-clinical data. Furthermore, the review also sheds light on the potential immunotherapeutic approaches that can be used to overcome CRS associated with T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Shah
- In vivo Services, The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Brian Soper
- Technical Information Services, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Lindsay Shopland
- In vivo Services, The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, CA, United States
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12
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Leclercq-Cohen G, Bacac M, Klein C. Rationale for combining tyrosine kinase inhibitors and T cell redirecting antibodies to mitigate cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:223-225. [PMID: 36629122 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2166786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Leclercq-Cohen
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
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13
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Ball K, Dovedi SJ, Vajjah P, Phipps A. Strategies for clinical dose optimization of T cell-engaging therapies in oncology. MAbs 2023; 15:2181016. [PMID: 36823042 PMCID: PMC9980545 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2181016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovative approaches in the design of T cell-engaging (TCE) molecules are ushering in a new wave of promising immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer. Their mechanism of action, which generates an in trans interaction to create a synthetic immune synapse, leads to complex and interconnected relationships between the exposure, efficacy, and toxicity of these drugs. Challenges thus arise when designing optimal clinical dose regimens for TCEs with narrow therapeutic windows, with a variety of dosing strategies being evaluated to mitigate key side effects such as cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, and on-target off-tumor toxicities. This review evaluates the current approaches to dose optimization throughout the preclinical and clinical development of TCEs, along with perspectives for improvement of these strategies. Quantitative approaches used to aid the understanding of dose-exposure-response relationships are highlighted, along with opportunities to guide the rational design of next-generation TCE molecules, and optimize their dose regimens in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Ball
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Pavan Vajjah
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alex Phipps
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Liu L, Chen J. Therapeutic antibodies for precise cancer immunotherapy: current and future perspectives. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:555-569. [PMID: 37724258 PMCID: PMC10471122 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies, as one of the most important components of host adaptive immune system, play an important role in defense of infectious disease, immune surveillance, and autoimmune disease. Due to the development of recombinant antibody technology, antibody therapeutics become the largest and rapidly expanding drug to provide major health benefits to patients, especially for the treatment of cancer patients. Many antibody-based therapeutic strategies have been developed including monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific and trispecific antibodies and pro-antibodies with promising results from both clinical and pre-clinical trials. However, the response rate and side-effect still vary between patients with undefined mechanisms. Here, we summarized the current and future perspectives of antibody-based cancer immunotherapeutic strategies for designing next-generation drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longchao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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15
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Leclercq G, Steinhoff N, Haegel H, De Marco D, Bacac M, Klein C. Novel strategies for the mitigation of cytokine release syndrome induced by T cell engaging therapies with a focus on the use of kinase inhibitors. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2083479. [PMID: 35694193 PMCID: PMC9176235 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2083479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell engaging therapies, like CAR-T cells and T cell engagers, redirect T cells toward tumor cells, facilitating the formation of a cytotoxic synapse and resulting in subsequent tumor cell killing. T cell receptor or CAR-T downstream signaling triggers a release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can induce a Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS). The incidence of CRS is still hardly predictable among individuals and remains one of the major dose-limiting safety liabilities associated with on-target activity of T cell engaging therapies. This emphasizes the need to elaborate mitigation strategies, which reduce cytokine release while retaining efficacy. Here, we review pre-clinical and clinical approaches applied for the management of CRS symptoms in the context of T cell engaging therapies, highlighting the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as an emerging mitigation strategy. In particular, we focus on the effects of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), Src family including Lck, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) inhibitors on T cell functionality and cytokine release, to provide a rationale for their use as mitigation strategies against CRS in the context of T cell engaging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Leclercq
- Oncology Disease Therapeutic Area, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Steinhoff
- Oncology Disease Therapeutic Area, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Haegel
- Phamaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, pRED, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Donata De Marco
- Phamaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, pRED, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Oncology Disease Therapeutic Area, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Oncology Disease Therapeutic Area, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
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16
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Lai M, Peng H, Wu X, Chen X, Wang B, Su X. IL-38 in modulating hyperlipidemia and its related cardiovascular diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108876. [PMID: 35623295 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is confirmed to be associated with several health problems that include the combination of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension, ie, metabolic syndrome. Although the lipid-lowering therapy is an effective treatment in hyperlipidemia and its related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the persistence of high atherosclerotic risk is notable which could not be simply explained as a phenomenon of hyperlipidemia. Concerning on this notion, it is imperative to identify novel biomarkers which could monitor treatment and predict adverse cardiovascular events. It is demonstrated that the chronic inflammatory response caused by immune cells is a characteristic of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Notably, among several inflammatory related cytokines, interleukin 38 (IL-38), as a member of the IL-1 family, plays an important role in anti-inflammatory response by binding with its receptor which inhibits the downstream signaling pathways. In addition, IL-38 suppresses the expression of inflammatory factors mainly through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). At the cellular level, IL-38 could inhibit the CD4 positive T lymphocyte into T-helper 17 (Th-17) lymphocyte which further enhances the immunosuppressive activity of the T-regulatory lymphocyte (T-reg) to inhibit the inflammatory response. Consistently, IL-38 is shown to be strongly correlated to development of hyperlipidemic related CVDs. In this review, the roles of IL-38 in the development of hyperlipidemia are fully summarized. Furthermore, a theoretical basis for further in-depth research of IL-38 for treatment of hyperlipidemia is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lai
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Department of Cardiac Macrovascular Surgery, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xijie Wu
- Department of Cardiac Macrovascular Surgery, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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