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Zhao M, Xu X, Xu H, Yang S, Li M, Wang W. The regulation of social factors on anxiety and microglial activity in nucleus accumbens of adolescent male mice: Influence of social interaction strategy. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:525-535. [PMID: 38403135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a period characterized by a high vulnerability to emotional disorders, which are modulated by biological, psychological, and social factors. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS Combining physical or emotional social defeat stress (PS and ES) and pair or isolation rearing conditions, we investigated the effects of stress type and social support on emotional behavior and central immune molecules in adolescent mice, including anxiety, social fear, and social interaction strategies, as well as changes in microglia-specific molecules (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) and a cluster of differentiation molecule 11b (CD11b)) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus (HIP), amygdala (AMY), and nucleus accumbens (NAc). RESULTS Mice exposed to both physical stress and isolated rearing condition exhibited the highest levels of anxiety, social fear, and microglial CD11b expression in the NAc. In terms of social support, pair-housing with siblings ameliorated social fear and NAc molecular changes in ES mice, but not in PS mice. The reason for the differential benefit from social support was attributed to the fact that ES mice exhibited more active and less passive social strategies in social environment compared to PS mice. Further, the levels of stress-induced social fear were positively associated with the expression of microglial CD11b in the NAc. CONCLUSION These findings offer extensive evidence regarding the intricate effects of multiple social factors on social anxiety and immune alteration in the NAc of adolescent mice. Additionally, they suggest potential behavioral and immune intervention strategies for anxiety-related disorders in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, College of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510062, China
| | - Man Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Weiwen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Li C, Wang R, Zhu N, Kong F. Childhood maltreatment and depressed mood in female college students: A daily diary analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106611. [PMID: 38159407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment has well-documented relations with depressed mood. However, few studies have used a daily diary methodology to investigate the association between all five forms of childhood maltreatment (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, emotional and physical neglect) and depressed mood, and the mechanisms underlying the association remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The current study sought to examine the associations of multiple forms of childhood maltreatment with depressed mood via a 14-day daily diary methodology, and investigate the mediating effects of self-compassion and perceived social support. METHODS A sample of 220 Chinese female college students (Mage = 19.13 years) participated in this study and completed questionnaires regarding childhood maltreatment, self-compassion, perceived social support and depressed mood. RESULTS The multilevel regression analysis indicated that only emotional abuse was slightly associated with depressed mood, while emotional neglect, physical abuse, physical neglect, or sexual abuse were not associated with depressed mood. The multilevel mediation analysis further revealed that self-compassion and perceived social support independently mediated the association of childhood emotional abuse with depressed mood. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results emphasize the specific association between childhood emotional abuse and daily depressed mood, and further support self-compassion and perceived social support as explanatory mechanisms linking childhood emotional abuse with later depressed mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ningzhe Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Kong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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Yan K, Feng Y, Liu Z, Shi W, Jiang Y, Liu J. Impulsivity Drives Adolescents to Smoke and Drink: Gender Differences in the Mediating Effects of Resilience and Depression. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231216894. [PMID: 37982432 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231216894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
High and rising rates of smoking and drinking among Chinese adolescents are contributing to increasingly serious physical and mental health issues. While impulsivity has been demonstrated to be significantly related to adolescent cigarette and alcohol use, little is known about the mechanisms behind this association. The current study focused on resilience and depressive symptoms as potential mediators of this link, exploring the indirect pathways connecting impulsivity to teenage tobacco and alcohol use. Possible gender differences in this indirect pathway were also explored. Participants were secondary school students from southern China (N = 3466; 49.2% were female; Mage = 14.18; SDage = 1.57). Results revealed that adolescents who were more impulsive used cigarettes and alcohol more frequently, and that this effect was partially mediated by lower resilience and more depressive symptoms. It is noteworthy that there were gender differences in this mediating effect, with the effect of impulsivity on cigarette use for girls being mediated by resilience and depressive symptoms, whereas this statistically significant association was not identified for boys. These findings show how adolescents' impulsivity drives them to smoke and drink, and also emphasize gender as a crucial consideration for intervening with adolescents' drinking and smoking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yan
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghui Feng
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyao Liu
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yubin Jiang
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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4
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Mohamed MY, Elbatrawy AN, Mahmoud DAM, Mohamed MM, Rabie ES. Depression and suicidal ideations in relation to occupational stress in a sample of Egyptian medical residents. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:14-22. [PMID: 35166153 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211061981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical students, interns, and residents have higher rates of depression than the general population, according to previous literature. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this paper were to determine the rate of depression and its severity in a group of Egyptian residents of Ain Shams University hospitals. METHODS This is a cross-sectional comparative study that took place in El-Demerdash Hospital from March 1, 2019 to September 1, 2020, with 220 Egyptian residents of Ain Shams University Hospitals participating. RESULTS The socioeconomic stress scale had a statistically significant relationship with depression scores (p value = .008) and suicide scores (p-value = .010), according to the findings. Additionally, there was a statistically significant relationship between suicide scores and depression scores (p-value = .001). The relationship between obstetrics and gynecology and high suicide risk was statistically significant (p value = .010), with obstetrics and gynecology having the highest percentage of high suicide risk (10 out of 19 residents, 52.63%), followed by pediatrics with 4 out of 11 residents (36.36%). CONCLUSION The pediatrics department had the highest percentage of residents who were depressed, while the obstetrics and gynecology department had the highest suicide risk. Feeling underpaid, disruption of home life, having insufficient time, being concerned about keeping skills up to date, and having a large volume of work were also found to be the most stressful aspects of residency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Youssef Mohamed
- Okasha's Institute of Psychiatry, A WPA Collaborating Center for Mental Health Research & Training, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Naseeb Elbatrawy
- Okasha's Institute of Psychiatry, A WPA Collaborating Center for Mental Health Research & Training, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Abdel Moneim Mahmoud
- Okasha's Institute of Psychiatry, A WPA Collaborating Center for Mental Health Research & Training, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Maged Mohamed
- Okasha's Institute of Psychiatry, A WPA Collaborating Center for Mental Health Research & Training, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman S Rabie
- Okasha's Institute of Psychiatry, A WPA Collaborating Center for Mental Health Research & Training, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Depression and Perceived Social Support among Unemployed Youths in China: Investigating the Roles of Emotion-Regulation Difficulties and Self-Efficacy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084676. [PMID: 35457545 PMCID: PMC9029286 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the issue of youth unemployment has begun to emerge in China. Unemployed young people are at high risk of depression and other mental health problems. The present study investigates influential factors related to depression and examines the possible mediating effects of difficulties in emotion regulation and self-efficacy between perceived social support and depressive symptoms among unemployed youths in China. Through community recruitment, 511 unemployed young people from Shanghai participated in this cross-sectional survey. The results demonstrate that the prevalence of probable depression in the sample was 49.3% (95% CI: 45.0-53.7%). Moreover, we found that both the perceived social support and self-efficacy were significant negative predictors of depression, whereas difficulties in emotion regulation were positive predictors of depression. In addition, the analysis results indicate that difficulties in emotion regulation and self-efficacy partially mediate the relationship between perceived social support and depression. Overall, this cross-sectional study reveals that depression and mental health problems among China's unemployed youths are concerning while identifying emotion-regulation difficulties as a risk factor for these and social support and self-efficacy as protective factors, all of which warrant our attention in preventing and intervening with cases of youth depression.
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Alshammari AS, Piko BF, Fitzpatrick KM. Social support and adolescent mental health and well-being among Jordanian students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2021.1908375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bettina F. Piko
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kevin M. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Lagdon S, Ross J, Robinson M, Contractor AA, Charak R, Armour C. Assessing the Mediating Role of Social Support in Childhood Maltreatment and Psychopathology Among College Students in Northern Ireland. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP2112-2136NP. [PMID: 29448910 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518755489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The detrimental impact of early trauma, particularly childhood maltreatment, on mental health is well documented. Although it is understood that social support can act as a protective factor toward mental health for children who experience such adversity, few studies have addressed the experience of childhood maltreatment and the important function of social support in adulthood. The current study aimed to assess the mediating role of social support in the relationship between childhood experiences of maltreatment and mental health outcomes including anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and problematic alcohol use in a sample of university students (N = 640) from Northern Ireland. Results of binary logistic regression analyses indicated that those reporting experiences of childhood maltreatment were at increased odds of mental health outcomes of PTSD, anxiety, and depression, but not alcohol use. Those reporting greater social support were significantly less likely to report on these mental health outcomes. In addition, the indirect paths from childhood maltreatment through social support to PTSD, depression, and anxiety were all significant, suggesting that social support, particularly family support, is a significant mediator of these relationships. Such findings have important implications for the social care response to children experiencing maltreatment and future support for such children as they transition to adolescence and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ruby Charak
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, USA
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8
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Chiu K, Clark DM, Leigh E. Prospective associations between peer functioning and social anxiety in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:650-661. [PMID: 33190116 PMCID: PMC7758784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During adolescence, peer relationships take precedence and there is a normative increase in social anxiety. Although prospective studies have suggested peer functioning and social anxiety can influence each other, their findings have not been examined systematically. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to examine the bidirectional relationship between peer functioning and social anxiety in adolescence. METHODS EMBASE, PsycINFO, Medline, and PubMed were searched to identify relevant articles. Meta-analysis was conducted to examine the mean effect sizes of prospective associations between social anxiety and four dimensions of peer functioning. Moderator analysis was performed, with age, gender, time interval between baseline and follow-up assessment, and publication year as moderators. RESULTS Meta-analyses of 23 studies showed that friendship quality (r =-.11), peer rejection (r =-.06), and peer victimization (r =.23) were each associated with later social anxiety, but peer acceptance was not (r =-.11). Social anxiety at baseline was associated with prospective levels of friendship quality (r =-.11), peer rejection (r=.09), and peer victimization (r =.17), but not peer acceptance (r =-.14). Age moderated the association between friendship quality and prospective social anxiety. Other moderator effects were statistically non-significant. LIMITATIONS Limitations include different classifications of peer functioning, the use of self-report measures, heterogeneity between studies, and underrepresentation of clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS A significant bidirectional association was found with social anxiety across three dimensions of peer functioning. Psychological prevention and intervention targeting peer functioning and social anxiety are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Chiu
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David M. Clark
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Leigh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Ergenekon AP, Yilmaz Yegit C, Cenk M, Bas Ikizoglu N, Atag E, Gokdemir Y, Erdem Eralp E, Karadag B. Depression and anxiety in mothers of home ventilated children before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:264-270. [PMID: 33026707 PMCID: PMC7675723 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to advances in technology, home ventilation in children has increased in recent years. The provision of proper care for a home-ventilated (HV) child can have a strong impact on the lifestyle of caregivers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the depression and anxiety levels of the mothers of HV children during the current COVID-19 pandemic and compare them to those of mothers of healthy peers. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on HV children (n = 21) and a control group of healthy peers (n = 32) by means of a questionnaire completed by the mothers of the children of both groups. Psychometric scales, such as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait (STAI-T), were used to assess participants. RESULTS During the pandemic signs of depression were present in 8 (38.1%) of the case group and 8 (25%) of the healthy control group. Comparison of the BDI scores from before and during the pandemic showed no difference between mothers of the HV children (p = .09). Scores for BDI and STAI-T were higher in the case group than in the control group, whereas there was no significant difference in STAI-S scores. CONCLUSION Depression and anxiety levels of mothers of HV children were found to be higher during the COVID-19 pandemic. Economic, medical, and social support resources are needed to reduce levels of depression and anxiety and help mothers of those children dependent on technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almala Pinar Ergenekon
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cansu Yilmaz Yegit
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muruvvet Cenk
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilay Bas Ikizoglu
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Atag
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Gokdemir
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ela Erdem Eralp
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bulent Karadag
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bhattarai D, Shrestha N, Paudel S. Prevalence and factors associated with depression among higher secondary school adolescents of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e044042. [PMID: 33384401 PMCID: PMC7780534 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with depression among adolescents attending higher secondary schools in the Pokhara Metropolitan City of Nepal. DESIGN A cross-sectional study design was adopted. SETTING Four randomly selected higher secondary schools of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal. PARTICIPANTS 312 randomly sampled higher secondary school students. METHODS The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to assess the level of depression among students. The data collected through a self-administered questionnaire were analysed using descriptive statistical methods such as frequency and percentage. χ2 test and unadjusted OR (UOR) were calculated to assess the statistical relationship between depression and various variables at 95% CI, with level of significance at p<0.05. RESULTS The study found a high prevalence of depression among high school students, with more than two-fifths (44.2%) of students having depression. Furthermore, almost a quarter (25.3%) of the students were noted to have mild depression and 18.9% of the students expressed major depression. Students who had low perceived social support (UOR: 3.604; 95% CI 2.088 to 6.220), did not share their problems with anyone (UOR: 1.931; 95% CI 1.228 to 3.038) and had low self-esteem (UOR: 5.282; 95% CI 2.994 to 9.319) were at higher odds of being depressed. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of depression was observed among high school students. It was also observed that students' level of perceived social support, self-esteem and help-seeking behaviour are somehow related to their mental well-being. Hence, improving social support and self-esteem may alleviate depression and mental distress among these adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhattarai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Lekhnath, Kaski, Nepal
| | - Nisha Shrestha
- Pokhara Nursing Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal
| | - Shishir Paudel
- Department of Public Health, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Savilahti EM, Rytilä-Manninen M, Haravuori H, Marttunen M. Adolescent Inpatients with Depression: Comparison to Inpatients without Depression and to Peers without Psychiatric Disorders. ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2210676610999200623112132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Family background, social support and psychological characteristics
are known to be associated with depression in adolescence, but scientific data in complex,
naturalistic settings are scarce.
Objective:
To investigate the characteristics of adolescent psychiatric inpatients with depressive
disorders compared to peers without psychiatric disorders and to adolescent psychiatric
inpatients without depression.
Methods:
The study population of 206 inpatients (13-17 years old) and 203 age and gendermatched
non-referred adolescents was evaluated using the Schedule for Affective Disorders
and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) interview,
and clinical interview and clinical records when available. Structured self-reports
provided information on family background, defense styles, self-image and perceived social
support. We compared firstly subjects with current depressive disorders (n=120) to subjects
without any psychiatric disorder (n=159) and secondly within the inpatient population, those
with depressive disorders (n=117) to those with any other psychiatric diagnoses (n=89).
Results:
Current depressive disorders were characterized by worse self-image, less mature
defenses and less perceived social support particularly from the family. Adversities in the
family were more prevalent in subjects with depression compared to subjects without any
psychiatric diagnosis, while among inpatients, no significant differences were observed.
Psychiatric comorbidity was common in all inpatients, whereas suicidality was more prevalent
among inpatients with depression.
Conclusions:
Negative self-image, less mature defense style and low perceived social support
particularly from the family were characteristics of depression in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Savilahti
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Rytilä-Manninen
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Haravuori
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauri Marttunen
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Shukri M, Mustofai MA, Md Yasin MAS, Tuan Hadi TS. Burden, quality of life, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among caregivers of hemodialysis patients: The role of social support. Int J Psychiatry Med 2020; 55:397-407. [PMID: 32216495 DOI: 10.1177/0091217420913388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine how burden and quality of life predict anxiety and depressive symptoms among caregivers of hemodialysis patients. Social support was included in the model as a proposed moderator in the above relationships. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 340 caregivers of chronic kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis. The setting was in Terengganu, Malaysia. The caregivers completed the measures of caregiving burden, quality of life, social support, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. RESULTS About 28.8% and 52.4% of caregivers showed clinically moderate levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Furthermore, 35.9% and 3.8% of them showed clinically high levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Analyses showed that general quality of life was a significant predictor of both anxiety and depressive symptoms. Burden and psychological domains of quality of life significantly predicted anxiety. In addition, a lack of social support was a determinant of depressive symptoms. Evidence suggested that social support moderated the burden-anxiety relationship. Specifically, caregivers with low levels of social support showed more elevated levels of anxiety symptoms when their burden was higher. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need for early detection to initiate prompt treatment in this population. The study provides some important insights into offering comprehensive intervention to help caregivers cope more effectively through the provision of sufficient social support to buffer the effects of caregiving burden and improve mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madihah Shukri
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, University Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azman Mustofai
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, University Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Md Aris Safree Md Yasin
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, University Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Tuan Sharipah Tuan Hadi
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
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Powell V, Riglin L, Hammerton G, Eyre O, Martin J, Anney R, Thapar A, Rice F. What explains the link between childhood ADHD and adolescent depression? Investigating the role of peer relationships and academic attainment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1581-1591. [PMID: 31932968 PMCID: PMC7595988 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that childhood Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) elevates risk of later depression, but the mechanisms behind this association are unclear. We investigated the relationship between childhood ADHD symptoms and late-adolescent depressive symptoms in a population cohort, and examined whether academic attainment and peer problems mediated this association. ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) is an ongoing prospective longitudinal population-based UK cohort that has collected data since September 1990. 2950 individuals with data on parent-reported ADHD symptoms in childhood (7.5 years) and self-reported depressive symptoms in late adolescence (17.5 years) were included in analyses. 2161 individuals with additional data at age 16 years on parent-reported peer problems as an indicator of peer relationships and formal examination results (General Certificate of Secondary Education; GCSE) as an indicator of academic attainment were included in mediation analyses. Childhood ADHD symptoms were associated with higher depressive symptoms (b = 0.49, SE = 0.11, p < 0.001) and an increased odds of clinically significant depressive symptoms in adolescence (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.15-1.41, p < 0.001). The association with depressive symptoms was mediated in part by peer problems and academic attainment which accounted for 14.68% and 20.13% of the total effect, respectively. Childhood ADHD is associated with increased risk of later depression. The relationship is mediated in part by peer relationships and academic attainment. This highlights peer relationships and academic attainment as potential targets of depression prevention and intervention in those with ADHD. Future research should investigate which aspects of peer relationships are important in conferring later risk for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Powell
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lucy Riglin
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gemma Hammerton
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Olga Eyre
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Joanna Martin
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard Anney
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anita Thapar
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Frances Rice
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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14
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Xiang Y, Dong X, Zhao J. Effects of Envy on Depression: The Mediating Roles of Psychological Resilience and Social Support. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:547-555. [PMID: 32517416 PMCID: PMC7324738 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Envy, as a stable personality trait, can affect individuals' mental health. Specifically, previous studies have found that envy can lead to depression; however, the mechanism by which envy affects depression is still unclear. Therefore, based on the resilience framework, we used structural equation modeling to explore the mediating roles that social support and psychological resilience play between envy and depression. METHODS Chinese college students (n=680) were recruited to complete four scales: the Dispositional Envy Scale (DES), the Symptom Checklist 90-Depression Subscale (SCL-90-DS), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). RESULTS The results confirmed that both social support and psychological resilience are significant mediators between envy and depression. Furthermore, social support plays a significant mediating role between envy and psychological resilience, and psychological resilience plays a significant mediating role between social support and depression. Specifically, the results indicated that envy not only directly increases the likelihood of developing depression, but also indirectly increases the likelihood of developing depression by affecting psychological resilience through negatively influencing social support. CONCLUSION This study provides a theoretical basis for enhancing psychological resilience and social support in order to ameliorate adverse effects of envy on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Xiang
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Dong
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaxu Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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15
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Tariq A, Beihai T, Abbas N, Ali S, Yao W, Imran M. Role of Perceived Social Support on the Association between Physical Disability and Symptoms of Depression in Senior Citizens of Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1485. [PMID: 32106585 PMCID: PMC7084927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An emerging body of literature has implied that perceived social support is known as an upstream element of cognitive health. Various dimensions of perceived social support may have divergent influence on physical and cognitive health in later life. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of perceived social support on the relationship between physical disability and symptoms of depression in senior citizens of Pakistan. The data were collected from three metropolitan cities (Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan) in the Punjab province of Pakistan and 100 participants were approached from each city with a total sample size of 300. The results demonstrated that family support, friends' support, and significant others' support mediated the association between physical disability and symptoms of depression, with an indirect effect of 0.024, 0.058, and 0.034, respectively. The total direct and indirect effect was 0.493. Physical disability was directly associated with symptoms of depression and greater physical disability predicted a higher level of symptoms of depression. Perceived social support, including family support, friends' support, and significant others' support, showed an indirect association with symptoms of depression. Furthermore, family support and friends' support were more significantly associated with symptoms of depression as compared to significant others' support. The research discoveries have better implications for health care professionals, hospice care workers, and policy makers. A holistic approach is required to prevent senior citizens from late-life mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Tariq
- Department of Sociology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Tian Beihai
- Department of Sociology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Nadeem Abbas
- Institute of Social & Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sajjad Ali
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Social Security, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
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16
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Kandola A, Ashdown-Franks G, Hendrikse J, Sabiston CM, Stubbs B. Physical activity and depression: Towards understanding the antidepressant mechanisms of physical activity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:525-539. [PMID: 31586447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively assess key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity exerts antidepressant effects, with a particular focus on exercise. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, influences a range of biological and psychosocial processes also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We focus on the capacity for exercise to elicit changes in neuroplasticity, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy. We also discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms can inform the way we design and implement exercise-based interventions to maximise their antidepressant effects on an individual basis. We conclude by presenting a conceptual framework of the key biological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms, and the moderators and confounders that may influence it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kandola
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Garcia Ashdown-Franks
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Hendrikse
- Brain, Mind and Society Research Hub, School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley National Health Services Foundation Trust, London, UK
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17
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Apell S, Marttunen M, Fröjd S, Kaltiala R. Experiences of sexual harassment are associated with high self-esteem and social anxiety among adolescent girls. Nord J Psychiatry 2019; 73:365-371. [PMID: 31311376 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1640790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Subjection to sexual harassment among adolescents have been associated with negative mental health outcomes, such as depression and social anxiety. Self-esteem and social support may modify these associations. Methods: The Adolescent Mental Health Cohort 10-year replication data were used. It is a cross-sectional classroom survey involving 656 girls and 636 boys aged (mean (sd)) 15.6 (0.4) years and 15.7 (0.4) years, respectively. Subjection to sexual harassment was elicited with five questions. Depression was measured by the Beck's 13-item Depression Inventory, social anxiety by the SPIN-Fin Inventory, self-esteem by Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale and social support by the PSSS-R scale. The data were analysed using cross-tabulations with chi-square statistics and logistic regressions. Resutls: Among girls, social anxiety and higher self-esteem were positively associated with experiencing subjection to sexual harassment in multivariate models. No statistically significant associations were detected among boys between experiences of sexual harassment and any of the four variables. Conclusion: Experiences of being sexually harassed correlate among adolescents with high social anxiety but also with high self-esteem. Sexual harassment among adolescents may partly be explained as inept ways of showing interest, but it may nevertheless have detrimental effects on the well-being of the those subjected to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Apell
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University , Tampere , Finland
| | - Mauri Marttunen
- b Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUS) , Helsinki , Finland.,c Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Sari Fröjd
- d Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University , Tampere , Finland
| | - Riittakerttu Kaltiala
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University , Tampere , Finland.,e Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland.,f Vanha Vaasa Hospital , Vaasa , Finland
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18
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Kim S, Suh S. Social Support as a Mediator Between Insomnia and Depression in Female Undergraduate Students. Behav Sleep Med 2019; 17:379-387. [PMID: 28783373 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2017.1363043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objectives/Background: Despite findings that insomnia and depression have a bidirectional relationship, the exact psychological mechanisms that link these disorders are largely unknown. The goal of this study was to identify whether social support mediates the relationship between insomnia and depression. Methods: The study sample (N = 115) consisted of females only, and all participants (mean age 21.77 ± 1.80) completed self-report measures of insomnia severity, depression, and social support. Results: Insomnia severity was significantly associated with low levels of social support (B = -1.04, SE = .27, p < .001) and high levels of depression (B = .18, SE = 0.05, p < .001). Social support mediated the effects of insomnia on depression (95% CI [.03, .15]). However, social support did not mediate the effects of depression on insomnia (95% CI [-.01, .32]). Conclusions: These findings suggest that interpersonal factors such as social support may be an important factor to consider in female insomnia patients in the context of preventing depression in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Kim
- a Department of Psychology , Sungshin Women's University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Sooyeon Suh
- a Department of Psychology , Sungshin Women's University , Seoul , Korea.,b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Stanford University , Stanford , California
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Duru E, Balkis M. Exposure to school violence at school and mental health of victimized adolescents: The mediation role of social support. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 76:342-352. [PMID: 29195172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study is to examine the mediation role of social support in the relationship between exposure to violence at school and mental health among adolescents within the framework of two structured models via structural equation model (SEM). The participants consist of a total of 1420 9th, 10th, and 11th grades high school students (54.5% girls and 45.5% boys). The students' ages ranged from 14 to 18 years with a mean of 16.11 (SD=0.91) for total sample. 38 percent of the participants are in the 9th grade, 34.1 percent are in the 10th grade, and 28 percent are in the 11th grade. Findings from both models indicated that social support mediated the relationships between exposure to violence and mental health among adolescents. Additionally, both models showed that the associations between exposure to violence, social support and mental health varied by gender. Contributions and implications of the current findings are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdinc Duru
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Murat Balkis
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
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20
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Does Family Structure Play a Role in Depression in Adolescents Admitted to Psychiatric Inpatient Care? Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2016; 47:918-924. [PMID: 26768752 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-015-0622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether adolescents' family structure associate with depression in a clinical sample of 508 adolescents (age 13-17 years) treated in psychiatric hospital between April 2001 and March 2006. Psychiatric disorders of adolescents were based on the K-SADS-PL-interview. Adolescents with depression were characterized by a single parent family background (58 %), but less commonly by a child welfare placement (37 %). Depression in adolescents was significantly related to female gender and a single parent family background, but less significantly related to comorbid psychotic or conducts disorders. The association between family structure and depression presents a challenge to mental health services. Early screening for depression in adolescents admitted for psychiatric treatment from "at risk" family types is important to enhance their future wellbeing and coping strategies.
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21
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Mancini VO, Rigoli D, Heritage B, Roberts LD, Piek JP. The Relationship between Motor Skills, Perceived Social Support, and Internalizing Problems in a Community Adolescent Sample. Front Psychol 2016; 7:543. [PMID: 27148149 PMCID: PMC4840383 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Poor motor skills are associated with a range of psychosocial consequences, including internalizing (anxious and depressive) symptoms. The Elaborated Environmental Stress Hypothesis provides a causal framework to explain this association. The framework posits that motor skills impact internalizing problems through an indirect effect via perceived social support. However, empirical evaluation is required. We examined whether motor skills had an indirect effect on anxious and depressive symptoms via perceived family support domains. METHODS This study used a community sample of 93 adolescents (12-16 years). Participants completed measures of motor skills, perceived social support across three dimensions (family, friend, and significant other), depressive symptoms, and anxious symptoms. Age, gender, verbal IQ, and ADHD symptoms were included as control variables. RESULTS Regression analysis using PROCESS revealed that motor skills had an indirect effect on depressive symptoms via perceived family support, but not by perceived friend support or significant other support. The negative association between motor skills and anxious symptoms was not mediated by any perceived social support domain. CONCLUSIONS Findings are consistent with previous literature indicating an association between motor skills and internalizing problems. However, we identified a different pattern of relationships across anxious and depressive symptoms. While anxiety and depressive symptoms were highly correlated, motor skills had an indirect effect on depressive symptoms via perceived family support only. Our findings highlight the importance of family support as a potential protective factor in the onset of depressive symptoms. This study provides partial support for the Elaborated Environmental Stress Hypothesis, however further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent O. Mancini
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin UniversityPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniela Rigoli
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin UniversityPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Brody Heritage
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch UniversityPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Lynne D. Roberts
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin UniversityPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Jan P. Piek
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin UniversityPerth, WA, Australia
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