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Lee J, Kim J, Sin JI. B16 melanomas evade antitumor immunity by the loss of epitope presentation and the acquisition of tumor resistance to granzyme B. Cell Immunol 2021; 367:104394. [PMID: 34198057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Melanomas exhibit the highest rate of heterogeneity among cancer cell types. In this study, we tested the two types of B16 melanoma cells (B16-S0-1 and B16-S1-1) showing resistance to antitumor immunity. These cells expressed Trp2 protein. Contrary to B16 and B16-S0-1 cells, B16-S1-1 cells failed to stimulate IFN-γ responses in Trp2-specific CD8+ T cells, suggesting that B16-S1-1 cells may have lost the ability to present antigen to Ag-specific CTLs in the context of MHC class I molecules. However, B16-S0-1 cells exhibited active Stat3 and decreased Bcl-2 expression, which were found to be not associated with immune escape. B16-S0-1 cells were more resistant to granzyme B-mediated caspase activation and apoptosis than B16 cells. Thus, these data show that B16 cells escape antitumor immune responses through the loss of epitope presentation to CTLs and the acquisition of tumor cell resistance to granzyme B-mediated caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in BIT Medical Convergence, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, South Korea
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Im Sin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in BIT Medical Convergence, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, South Korea.
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Darrigrand R, Pierson A, Rouillon M, Renko D, Boulpicante M, Bouyssié D, Mouton-Barbosa E, Marcoux J, Garcia C, Ghosh M, Alami M, Apcher S. Isoginkgetin derivative IP2 enhances the adaptive immune response against tumor antigens. Commun Biol 2021; 4:269. [PMID: 33649389 PMCID: PMC7921396 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of cancer immunotherapy relies on the induction of an immunoprotective response targeting tumor antigens (TAs) presented on MHC-I molecules. We demonstrated that the splicing inhibitor isoginkgetin and its water-soluble and non-toxic derivative IP2 act at the production stage of the pioneer translation products (PTPs). We showed that IP2 increases PTP-derived antigen presentation in cancer cells in vitro and impairs tumor growth in vivo. IP2 action is long-lasting and dependent on the CD8+ T cell response against TAs. We observed that the antigen repertoire displayed on MHC-I molecules at the surface of MCA205 fibrosarcoma is modified upon treatment with IP2. In particular, IP2 enhances the presentation of an exon-derived epitope from the tumor suppressor nischarin. The combination of IP2 with a peptide vaccine targeting the nischarin-derived epitope showed a synergistic antitumor effect in vivo. These findings identify the spliceosome as a druggable target for the development of epitope-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Darrigrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Immunologie des tumeurs et Immunothérapie, Villejuif, France
| | - Alison Pierson
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Immunologie des tumeurs et Immunothérapie, Villejuif, France
| | - Marine Rouillon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Immunologie des tumeurs et Immunothérapie, Villejuif, France
- SATT Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Dolor Renko
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Mathilde Boulpicante
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Immunologie des tumeurs et Immunothérapie, Villejuif, France
| | - David Bouyssié
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Mouton-Barbosa
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Marcoux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Garcia
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS U7592 Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie (MSBio), Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), USR 2000 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Michael Ghosh
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mouad Alami
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sébastien Apcher
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Immunologie des tumeurs et Immunothérapie, Villejuif, France.
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Regulation of the translation activity of antigen-specific mRNA is responsible for antigen loss and tumor immune escape in a HER2-expressing tumor model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2855. [PMID: 30814560 PMCID: PMC6393588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells tend to behave differently in response to immune selective conditions. Contrary to those in therapeutic antitumor conditions, tumor cells in prophylactic antitumor conditions lose antigen expression for antitumor immune escape. Here, using a CT26/HER2 tumor model, we investigate the underlying mechanism(s). We selected tumor cell variants (CT26/HER2-A1 and -A2) displaying resistance to antitumor protective immunity and loss of HER2 antigen expression. These immune-resistant cells failed to induce Ag-specific IgG and IFN-γ responses while forming tumors at the same rate as CT26/HER2 cells. RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, PCR, Western blot and DNA sequencing analyses demonstrated that HER2 expression was inhibited at the post-transcriptional level in these immune-resistant cells, suggesting that tumor cells may escape antitumor immunity through the post-transcriptional regulation of antigen gene expression. The proteasome and lysosomal protein degradation pathways were not responsible for antigen loss, as determined by an inhibitor assay. Finally, HER2 mRNA was found to be not present in the monosomes and polysomes of CT26/HER2-A2 cells, as opposed to CT26/HER2 cells, suggesting that the translation activity of HER2 mRNAs may be suppressed in these immune-resistant cells. Taken together, our results report a new mechanism by which tumor cells respond to antitumor protective immunity for antitumor immune evasion.
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Li Q, Liu M, Wu M, Zhou X, Wang S, Hu Y, Wang Y, He Y, Zeng X, Chen J, Liu Q, Xiao D, Hu X, Liu W. PLAC1-specific TCR-engineered T cells mediate antigen-specific antitumor effects in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5924-5932. [PMID: 29556312 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1), a novel cancer-testis antigen (CTA), is expressed in a number of different human malignancies. It is frequently produced in breast cancer, serving a function in tumorigenesis. Adoptive immunotherapy using T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells against CTA mediates objective tumor regression; however, to the best of our knowledge, targeting PLAC1 using engineered T cells has not yet been attempted. In the present study, the cDNAs encoding TCRα- and β-chains specific for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201-restricted PLAC1 were cloned from a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte, generated by in vitro by the stimulation of CD8+ T cells using autologous HLA-A2+ dendritic cells loaded with a PLAC1-specific peptide (p28-36, VLCSIDWFM). The TCRα/β-chains were linked by a 2A peptide linker (TCRα-Thosea asigna virus-TCRβ), and the constructs were cloned into the lentiviral vector, followed by transduction into human cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells. The efficiency of transduction was up to 25.16%, as detected by PLAC1 multimers. TCR-transduced CD8+ T cells, co-cultured with human non-metastatic breast cancer MCF-7 cells (PLAC1+, HLA-A2+) and triple-negative breast cancer MDAMB-231 cells (PLAC1+, HLA-A2+), produced interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α, suggesting TCR activation. Furthermore, the PLAC1 TCR-transduced CD8+ T cells efficiently and specifically identified and annihilated the HLA-A2+/PLAC1+ breast cancer cell lines in a lactate dehydrogenase activity assay. Western blot analysis demonstrated that TCR transduction stimulated the production of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling molecules, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and nuclear factor-κB, through phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ-mediated phosphorylation of protein kinase B in CD8+ T cells. Xenograft mouse assays revealed that PLAC1 TCR-transduced CD8+T cells significantly delayed the tumor progression in mice-bearing breast cancer compared with normal saline or negative control-transduced groups. In conclusion, a novel HLA-A2-restricted and PLAC1-specific TCR was identified. The present study demonstrated PLAC1 to be a potential target for breast cancer treatment; and the usage of PLAC1-specific TCR-engineered T cells may be a novel strategy for PLAC1-positive breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongshu Li
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Muyun Liu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Man Wu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Interventional and Minimally Invasive Oncology Therapy Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Youfu Wang
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Yixin He
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zeng
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Interventional and Minimally Invasive Oncology Therapy Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Qubo Liu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Weibin Liu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
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Donaldson B, Al-Barwani F, Pelham SJ, Young K, Ward VK, Young SL. Multi-target chimaeric VLP as a therapeutic vaccine in a model of colorectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:69. [PMID: 28806910 PMCID: PMC5556368 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is responsible for almost 700,000 deaths annually worldwide. Therapeutic vaccination is a promising alternative to conventional treatment for colorectal cancer, using vaccines to induce targeted immune responses against tumour-associated antigens. In this study, we have developed chimaeric virus-like particles (VLP), a form of non-infectious non-replicative subunit vaccine consisting of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) VP60 capsid proteins containing recombinantly inserted epitopes from murine topoisomerase IIα and survivin. These vaccines were developed in mono- (T.VP60, S.VP60) and multi-target (TS.VP60) forms, aiming to elucidate the potential benefits from multi-target vaccination. Methods Chimaeric RHDV VLP were developed by recombinantly inserting immune epitopes at the N-terminus of VP60. Vaccines were tested against a murine model of colorectal cancer by establishing MC38-OVA tumours subcutaneously. Unmethylated CpG DNA oligonucleotides (CpGs) were used as a vaccine adjuvant. Statistical tests employed included the Mantel-Cox log-rank test, ANOVA and unpaired t-tests depending on the data analysed, with a post hoc Bonferroni adjustment for multiple measures. Results Chimaeric RHDV VLP were found to form a composite particle in the presence of CpGs. Overall survival was significantly improved amongst mice bearing MC38-OVA tumours following vaccination with T.VP60 (60%, 9/15), S.VP60 (60%, 9/15) or TS.VP60 (73%, 11/15). TS.VP60 significantly prolonged the vaccine-induced remission period in comparison to each mono-therapy. Conclusions Chimaeric VLP containing multiple epitopes were found to confer an advantage for therapeutic vaccination in a model of colorectal cancer based on the prolongation of remission prior to tumour escape. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40425-017-0270-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braeden Donaldson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Farah Al-Barwani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Simon J Pelham
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Katie Young
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Vernon K Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah L Young
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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Lee SH, Danishmalik SN, Sin JI. DNA vaccines, electroporation and their applications in cancer treatment. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1889-900. [PMID: 25984993 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1035502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous animal studies and recent clinical studies have shown that electroporation-delivered DNA vaccines can elicit robust Ag-specific CTL responses and reduce disease severity. However, cancer antigens are generally poorly immunogenic, requiring special conditions for immune response induction. To date, many different approaches have been used to elicit Ag-specific CTL and anti-neoplastic responses to DNA vaccines against cancer. In vivo electroporation is one example, whereas others include DNA manipulation, xenogeneic antigen use, immune stimulatory molecule and immune response regulator application, DNA prime-boost immunization strategy use and different DNA delivery methods. These strategies likely increase the immunogenicity of cancer DNA vaccines, thereby contributing to cancer eradication. However, cancer cells are heterogeneous and might become CTL-resistant. Thus, understanding the CTL resistance mechanism(s) employed by cancer cells is critical to develop counter-measures for this immune escape. In this review, the use of electroporation as a DNA delivery method, the strategies used to enhance the immune responses, the cancer antigens that have been tested, and the escape mechanism(s) used by tumor cells are discussed, with a focus on the progress of clinical trials using cancer DNA vaccines.
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Key Words
- AFP, α-fetoprotein
- APCs, antigen presenting cells
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DNA vaccine
- EP, electroporation
- GITR, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related gene
- HPV, human papillomavirus
- HSP, heat shock protein
- HSV, herpes simplex virus
- ID, intradermal
- IM, intramuscular
- MAGE, melanoma-associated antigen
- MART, melanoma antigen recognized by T cells
- PAP, prostatic acid phosphatase
- PD, programmed death
- PRAME, preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma
- PSA, prostate-specific antigen
- PSMA, prostate-specific membrane antigen
- WT1, Wilm's tumor
- anti-tumor immunity
- cancer
- hTERT, human telomerase reverse transcriptase
- tumor immune evasion
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hyeong Lee
- a BK21 Plus Graduate Program; Department of Microbiology ; School of Medicine; Kangwon National University ; Chuncheon , Gangwon-do , Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E Ugen
- a University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine ; Tampa , FL USA
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