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de Brito WI, de Oliveira RM, Silva J, Tubarão LN, Bom APDA, Melgaço JG, Pinto MA, Souto FJD. Persistence of immunity against hepatitis A in Brazilian children vaccinated with a single dose of inactivated virus vaccine. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:615-620. [PMID: 36807662 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In 2014, the Brazilian National Immunization Program implemented the universal vaccination against the hepatitis A virus (HAV) for children aged 12 months and older, applying a single dose of the inactivated virus vaccine. It is essential to carry out follow-up studies in this population, aiming to verify the longevity of HAV immunological memory. This study evaluated the humoral and cellular immune response of a cohort of children vaccinated between 2014 and 2015, and further investigated between 2015 and 2016, and who had their initial antibody response assessed after the single dose. A second evaluation took place in January 2022. We examined 109 children out of the 252 that took part in the initial cohort. Seventy (64.2%) of them had anti-HAV IgG antibodies. Cellular immune response assays were performed in 37 anti-HAV-negative and 30 anti-HAV-positive children. Production of interferon-gamma (IFN-y) stimulated with the VP1 antigen was demonstrated in 34.3% of these 67 samples. Of the 37 negative anti-HAV samples, 12 (32.4%) produced IFN-y. Among the 30 anti-HAV-positive, 11 (36.7%) produced IFN-y. In total, 82 (76.6%) children presented some type of immune response against HAV. These findings demonstrate the persistence of immunological memory against HAV in the majority of children vaccinated between 6 and 7 years with a single dose of the inactivated virus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Izidoro de Brito
- Medicine School, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazilian Company of Hospital Services (EBSERH), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | - Jane Silva
- Laboratory of Immune Technology, Institute of Immunobiological Technology, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Neves Tubarão
- Laboratory of Immune Technology, Institute of Immunobiological Technology, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom
- Laboratory of Immune Technology, Institute of Immunobiological Technology, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Gil Melgaço
- Laboratory of Immune Technology, Institute of Immunobiological Technology, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Pinto
- Laboratory of Immune Technology, Institute of Immunobiological Technology, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco José Dutra Souto
- Medicine School, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazilian Company of Hospital Services (EBSERH), Cuiabá, Brazil
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Yang J, Yue L, Yang Z, Miao Y, Ouyang R, Hu Y. Metal-Based Nanomaterials: Work as Drugs and Carriers against Viral Infections. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2129. [PMID: 34443959 PMCID: PMC8400983 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Virus infection is one of the threats to the health of organisms, and finding suitable antiviral agents is one of the main tasks of current researchers. Metal ions participate in multiple key reaction stages of organisms and maintain the important homeostasis of organisms. The application of synthetic metal-based nanomaterials as an antiviral therapy is a promising new research direction. Based on the application of synthetic metal-based nanomaterials in antiviral therapy, we summarize the research progress of metal-based nanomaterials in recent years. This review analyzes the three inhibition pathways of metal nanomaterials as antiviral therapeutic materials against viral infections, including direct inactivation, inhibition of virus adsorption and entry, and intracellular virus suppression; it further classifies and summarizes them according to their inhibition mechanisms. In addition, the use of metal nanomaterials as antiviral drug carriers and vaccine adjuvants is summarized. The analysis clarifies the antiviral mechanism of metal nanomaterials and broadens the application in the field of antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Yang
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Y.); (Y.M.)
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lihuan Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Center, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, Shanghai 200031, China;
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Y.); (Y.M.)
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Ruizhuo Ouyang
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yihong Hu
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, Shanghai 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Center, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, Shanghai 200031, China;
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Mikhailov MI, Kyuregyan KK. Contemporary strategy to control viral hepatitis A in the Russian Federation. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND IMMUNOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The problem of choosing a strategy to control hepatitis A in the Russian Federation remains relevant for the health care of our country. By strategy we mean a scientifically based program of action that defines the priorities and resources needed to effectively control hepatitis A.The aim of the work is to present a strategy to control hepatitis A in the Russian Federation, taking into account the realities of today. Based on the analysis of Russian and international studies, we present answers to the questions that should be addressed before the choosing a strategy to control hepatitis A in the Russian Federation. The low incidence of hepatitis A creates a false image of the favorable situation with this infection. The rationale is given to include vaccination against hepatitis A in the National Vaccination Schedule in the section of mandatory vaccinations. Routine vaccination of children aged 24 and 36 months will lay the foundation for future protection against this infection. We consider the creating a National Hepatitis A Vaccination Program as an important aim. The implementation of such a program will allow full control of hepatitis A in the Russian Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Mikhailov
- I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
| | - K. K. Kyuregyan
- I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
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Herzog C, Van Herck K, Van Damme P. Hepatitis A vaccination and its immunological and epidemiological long-term effects - a review of the evidence. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:1496-1519. [PMID: 33325760 PMCID: PMC8078665 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1819742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections continue to represent a significant disease burden causing approximately 200 million infections, 30 million symptomatic illnesses and 30,000 deaths each year. Effective and safe hepatitis A vaccines have been available since the early 1990s. Initially developed for individual prophylaxis, HAV vaccines are now increasingly used to control hepatitis A in endemic areas. The human enteral HAV is eradicable in principle, however, HAV eradication is currently not being pursued. Inactivated HAV vaccines are safe and, after two doses, elicit seroprotection in healthy children, adolescents, and young adults for an estimated 30-40 years, if not lifelong, with no need for a later second booster. The long-term effects of the single-dose live-attenuated HAV vaccines are less well documented but available data suggest they are safe and provide long-lasting immunity and protection. A universal mass vaccination strategy (UMV) based on two doses of inactivated vaccine is commonly implemented in endemic countries and eliminates clinical hepatitis A disease in toddlers within a few years. Consequently, older age groups also benefit due to the herd protection effects. Single-dose UMV programs have shown promising outcomes but need to be monitored for many more years in order to document an effective immune memory persistence. In non-endemic countries, prevention efforts need to focus on 'new' risk groups, such as men having sex with men, prisoners, the homeless, and families visiting friends and relatives in endemic countries. This narrative review presents the current evidence regarding the immunological and epidemiological long-term effects of the hepatitis A vaccination and finally discusses emerging issues and areas for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Herzog
- Department of Medicine, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Koen Van Herck
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Xiaojin S, Rodewald LE, Guomin Z, Hui Z, Ning M, Fuzhen W, Zundong Y. Long-term seropositivity, safety, and impact of inactivated and live, attenuated hepatitis a vaccines in China – A cross-sectional study. Vaccine 2020; 38:8302-8309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang X, Pan Y, Chen J, Luo J, Xi J, Ye C, Zhao Y, Qiu L, Weng S, Hong S, Lin Y, Sun Q. The excretion rate and stability of HAAg in human fecal samples after live attenuated hepatitis A vaccination. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3312-3318. [PMID: 32134114 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The live attenuated hepatitis A virus vaccine (HA-L) is in routine use in the Chinese national immunization program (NIP). The major disadvantages of HA-L include that theoretically, it may be possible for mutation shifts and secondary infections of the live vaccine viral strain. The aim of this study was to explore variation in the viral strain after vaccination with the HA-L. A total of 1297 fecal samples (including 470 for the 18 to 36-month-old age group, 527 for the 3 to 16-year-old group, and 300 for the 16 years and older group) were collected in the study, and the rate of hepatitis A virus (HAV) positivity in fecal samples was 11.36% (31/273), 11.44% (31/271), 9.70% (26/268), 8.47% (21/248), and 9.70% (23/237) on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28, respectively. A total of 77 HAV positive samples were randomly selected for VP1/2A (360 bp, 2218-2577) gene analysis. Phylogenetic trees were then constructed by the neighbor-joining method. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all the isolated HAV strains belonged to sub-genotype IB, which was the same as the vaccine strain. Compared with the vaccine strain, HM-175/7MK-5 (M16632.1), there were only two base mutations discovered, at 2291 and 2568. However, the amino acid mutation analysis showed that those base mutations were synonymous mutations. The isolated HAV strains were genetically stable. This study provides a reference for the safety concern regarding the routine and wide-range use in people older than 18 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Junying Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juemin Xi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yujiao Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Songjiao Weng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Shan Hong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
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Abstract
Hepatitis A is an important public health issue worldwide. Hepatitis A vaccine (HepA) was first licensed in 1992. Both inactivated HepA (HepA-I) and live attenuated HepA (HepA-L) are highly immunogenic and well tolerated, and immune protection postvaccination can persist for at least 20 y. HepA is effective for both preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis, especially among children and young adults. The strategy of HepA vaccination varies in different countries and mainly includes vaccination among high-risk populations, regional childhood vaccination and universal childhood vaccination. The incidence of hepatitis A has decreased greatly in many countries in the last 30 y, but hepatitis A outbreaks frequently occur among high-risk populations and those who have not been covered by universal child vaccination programs in recent years. Disease surveillance and serosurveys are suggested to clarify the shift in the epidemiology of hepatitis A. The long-term persistence of immune protection after one dose of HepA should be further studied, as well as the cost-effective evaluation of different strategies of HepA vaccination. Based on this evidence, the recommendation on HepA vaccination should be put forward scientifically and updated in a timely and well-implemented manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan, China
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Tsai PH, Tsai MS, Chiang YH, Shih CY, Liu CY, Chuang YC, Yang CJ. Effectiveness of hepatitis A vaccination among people living with HIV in Taiwan: Is one dose enough? JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 55:18-25. [PMID: 32690395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single dose hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine had been proven its efficacy in immunocompetent but not immunocompromised hosts. We aim to investigate the effectiveness of one dose versus 2 doses HAV vaccine among people living with HIV (PLHIV). METHOD We conducted a 1:1 single center retrospective case-control study for PLHIV in Northern Taiwan. Case patients were those who received single dose HAV vaccine and controls were those who completed standard 2 doses HAV vaccine. Nationwide campaign of single dose HAV vaccine had been practiced for high risk population including PLHIV and those who had newly diagnosed sexually transmitted diseases. RESULTS During February 2016 and December 2017, 90 cases received single dose HAV vaccine provided while the other 90 age-matched controls received 2 doses vaccine were enrolled. We found more injection drug users (22.22% vs. 1.11%, p < 0.0001), more co-infection with viral hepatitis C (28.89% vs. 5.56%, p < 0.0001), and history of syphilis infection (56.67% VS 30%, p = 0.0003) in single dose group than 2 doses group. Seroconversion rate at one year was significantly higher in 2 doses group (97.78% vs 56.67%, p < 0.0001). Among single dose group, people with hepatitis B or C virus co-infection (HBV: p = 0.02, aOR: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.002-0.55; HCV: p = 0.002, aOR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.08-0.58) were less likely to achieve seropositivity, while those who had higher CD4 count at baseline and one year, had better response to vaccine. CONCLUSION Two doses HAV vaccine is necessary among PLHIV to achieve sustained seroresponse rather than single dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Song Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Liu X, Yang C, Qu X, Li N, Huang X, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhou H. Vaccination coverage and its determinants of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine among children aged 24-59 months in 20 rural counties of 10 provinces of China in 2016. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:1574-1578. [PMID: 31746666 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1688034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand one single dose coverage of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine and its determinants among children aged 24-59 months in 20 rural counties of 10 provinces of China in 2016. METHODS In 20 counties, using three-stage probability proportion to size sampling, 1979 children aged 24-59 months with a vaccination card were selected from 20 rural counties in 2016. Socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of children and their caregivers were acquired from face-to-face questionnaire survey and copies of the vaccination cards. We used multivariate logistic regression models to identify the determinants of one single dose coverage of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine. RESULTS In 2016, the overall one single dose coverage of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine among children aged 24-59 months in rural areas of China was 77.1%. The adjusted analysis showed that being in second birth order (adjusted OR: 1.40; 95%CI: 1.03-1.90), being in third birth order or more (adjusted OR: 2.10; 95%CI: 1.26-3.51), being born at home (adjusted OR: 2.01; 95%CI: 1.04-3.88) and having the lowest per capita income of household (adjusted OR: 2.36; 95%CI: 1.11-4.99) were significantly related to being unvaccinated one single dose coverage of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine against hepatitis A virus. CONCLUSION one single dose coverage of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine was still at a low level in 20 rural counties of 10 provinces in China. To improve the coverage of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine, the government should pay more attention to the disadvantaged groups, especially the children who were in second birth order or higher, or delivered at home, or who have the lowest per capita income of household.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Chenlu Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Xueqi Qu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nan Li
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Yiming Zhao
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University , Beijing, China
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Mutsaerts EAML, Nunes MC, Bhikha S, Ikulinda BT, Jose L, Koen A, Moultrie A, Grobbee DE, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Weinberg A, Madhi SA. Short-term immunogenicity and safety of hepatitis-A and varicella vaccines in HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed South African children. Vaccine 2020; 38:3862-3868. [PMID: 32307279 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children have increased risk of infectious morbidity during early childhood. We evaluated the short-term immunogenicity and safety of single dose inactivated hepatitis-A virus (HAV) vaccine and live attenuated varicella zoster virus (VZV) vaccine in South African children. METHODS 195 HIV-unexposed and 64 HEU children received either one dose of HAV or VZV vaccine at 18 months of age. Blood samples were tested for hepatitis-A or VZV antibodies before and one month after vaccination by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. All children were evaluated for solicited adverse events (AEs). RESULTS One-month post-vaccination, a similar percentage of HIV-unexposed (91.8%) and HEU (82.9%) children were seropositive for hepatitis-A (p = 0.144). VZV antibody geometric mean fold-rise was also similar in HIV-unexposed (5.6; 95%CI: 4.6-6.7) and HEU children (5.1; 95%CI: 3.7-7.2); however, only 44% HIV-unexposed and HEU seroconverted (titers > 50 mIU/ml). AEs occurred with similar frequency and severity between groups, except for more systemic AEs after VZV vaccination in HEU than HIV-unexposed children. CONCLUSIONS Single dose HAV and VZV vaccine was similarly immunogenic in HIV-unexposed and HEU children. We did not identify differences in short-term humoral immunity after administration of either a live attenuated or inactivated vaccine. Seroconversion rates after a single dose of VZV vaccine were, however, lower compared to reports from previous studies (85-89%). CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03330171.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora A M L Mutsaerts
- Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Marta C Nunes
- Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sutika Bhikha
- Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Benit T Ikulinda
- Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lisa Jose
- Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anthonet Koen
- Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrew Moultrie
- Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adriana Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Pathology, Anschutz Medical Center University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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