1
|
Isonne C, Petrone D, Del Manso M, Iera J, Caramia A, Bandini L, Fadda G, Grossi A, Baccolini V, Costantino C, Pezzotti P, Siddu A, D'Ancona F. The Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination on Discharges for Pediatric Gastroenteritis in Italy: An Eleven Year (2009-2019) Nationwide Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1037. [PMID: 37376427 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In Italy, despite the documented positive effects of rotavirus (RV) vaccination on reducing the burden of RV disease, an updated national assessment of its impact on clinical outcomes is still lacking. This study aims to analyze the implementation of RV vaccination in Italy, evaluating its impact on discharges for acute pediatric gastroenteritis (AGE). A retrospective analysis, including hospital discharge records and data on vaccination coverage for children aged 0-71 months from 2009 to 2019, was conducted. We examined trends in hospital discharge standardized incidence before and after vaccine introduction using a negative binomial mixture model with fixed effects to evaluate the impact of universal vaccination. The percentage of vaccination coverage increased over the years, from <5% between 2009 and 2013 to 26% in 2017, reaching 70% in 2019. The standardized incidence of discharges decreased over the period from 16.6/100,000 inhabitants in 2009-2013 to 9.9/100,000 inhabitants in 2018-2019. In this phase, about 15% of the estimated hospital discharges were avoided compared with those estimated in the first phase. The implementation of RV vaccination reduced AGE incidence discharges in children aged 0-71 months. Further efforts are needed to continue monitoring the vaccination effect over time and to increase vaccination coverage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Isonne
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Petrone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy
- Department of Statistics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Del Manso
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Iera
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Management and Health Laboratory, Institute of Management-Department EMbeDS, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Caramia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy
- Policlinico Riuniti Foggia Hospital, Hygiene Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bandini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fadda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Grossi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Baccolini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantino
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizio Pezzotti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Siddu
- Ministry of Health, Directorate General Health Prevention, Communicable Diseases and International Prophylaxis, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Fortunato D'Ancona
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carias C, Hu T, Chen YT. Burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis on caregivers: Findings from a systematic literature review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2047545. [PMID: 35377826 PMCID: PMC9196848 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2047545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) poses a substantial clinical, economic, and humanistic burden globally. While predominantly affecting children, the burden of RVGE extends to caregivers and families but is often overlooked. In this systematic literature review, we aim to identify and summarize methods and estimates of RVGE associated caregiver burden. Of the 190 publications identified, 10 were included. Four studies used the EuroQoL-5 Dimension instrument and its associated Visual Analog Scale and reported a decrease in caregiver health related quality of life when a child contracted RVGE, with the greatest reduction observed in caregivers of hospitalized children. Other studies utilized surveys to assess impacts on caregivers’ quality of life. Caregivers of RVGE patients experienced multiple impacts beyond financial costs related to productivity and absenteeism, with disruptions to daily routines and anxiety/stress frequently reported. This review highlights the importance of including RVGE caregiver burden when evaluating interventions, such as vaccination, to decrease RVGE burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carias
- Center for Observational and Real-world Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Tianyan Hu
- Center for Observational and Real-world Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Chen
- Center for Observational and Real-world Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marchetti F, Lamiani G, Bona M, Amerighi C, Ruffato B, Conforti G. Developing communication tools on rotavirus vaccination to support family paediatricians in Italy. Vaccine 2022; 40:7108-7114. [PMID: 36404428 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Universal rotavirus (RV) vaccination for newborns was introduced in Italy in 2018, but national vaccination coverage is still suboptimal. Effective communication between the family paediatrician (FP) and parents/caregivers is essential to promote vaccination acceptance. This project aimed to support FPs in communicating RV vaccination to parents/caregivers through the development and implementation of demonstrative videos and training modules. METHODS A working group composed of two FPs, two communication professionals, a medical expert from GSK and a clinical psychologist, was formed to establish the key scientific information to be communicated to parents/caregivers and develop the demonstrative videos. Four videos depicting four communication styles (I to IV) were developed based on the Social Styles Theory. Thirty FPs were then asked to pilot test the videos and provide feedback. In addition, two training modules with scientific information were developed to learn how to respond to parents'/caregivers' objections. RESULTS A total of 23 FPs provided feedback after using one or more videos at least five times. Twenty FPs (87.0 %) used mostly-one style, and most (60.0 %) used Style IV. Overall, the feedback was positive, as the majority of FPs (82.6 %, n = 19/23) indicated that the proposed videos were 'useful' or 'extremely useful' for introducing the RV vaccination to parents/caregivers in their actual practice. Based on this feedback, shorter versions of each video were also produced, and two training modules were developed to support FPs in responding to parental objections. Most FPs 75 % (n = 9/12) found Module 1 'very useful', and all found Module 2 'very useful' (100 %, n = 12/12). CONCLUSIONS The communication tools developed were well appreciated by the FPs and are expected to support FPs in communicating RV vaccination thereby increasing its coverage. Practicing RV communication may also prove beneficial for FPs to communicate other critical topics to parents/caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Lamiani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan-San Paolo Hospital, Via A. di Rudini, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bona
- Choralia Comunicazione interna e formazione srl, Via Carlo Bo 11, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Amerighi
- Choralia Comunicazione interna e formazione srl, Via Carlo Bo 11, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Conforti
- Family Paediatrician, Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Levine AC, O’Connell KJ, Schnadower D, VanBuren TJM, Mahajan P, Hurley KF, Tarr P, Olsen CS, Poonai N, Schuh S, Powell EC, Farion KJ, Sapien RE, Roskind CG, Rogers AJ, Bhatt S, Gouin S, Vance C, Freedman SB. Derivation of the Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis Risk Score to Predict Moderate-to-Severe Acute Gastroenteritis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 74:446-453. [PMID: 35129163 PMCID: PMC9203936 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although most acute gastroenteritis (AGE) episodes in children rapidly self-resolve, some children go on to experience more significant and prolonged illness. We sought to develop a prognostic score to identify children at risk of experiencing moderate-to-severe disease after an index emergency department (ED) visit. METHODS Data were collected from a cohort of children 3 to 48 months of age diagnosed with AGE in 16 North American pediatric EDs. Moderate-to-severe AGE was defined as a Modified Vesikari Scale (MVS) score ≥9 during the 14-day post-ED visit. A clinical prognostic model was derived using multivariable logistic regression and converted into a simple risk score. The model's accuracy was assessed for moderate-to-severe AGE and several secondary outcomes. RESULTS After their index ED visit, 19% (336/1770) of participants developed moderate-to-severe AGE. Patient age, number of vomiting episodes, dehydration status, prior ED visits, and intravenous rehydration were associated with MVS ≥9 in multivariable regression. Calibration of the prognostic model was strong with a P value of 0.77 by the Hosmer-Lemenshow goodness-of-fit test, and discrimination was moderate with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.72). Similarly, the model was shown to have good calibration when fit to the secondary outcomes of subsequent ED revisit, intravenous rehydration, or hospitalization within 72 hours after the index visit. CONCLUSIONS After external validation, this new risk score may provide clinicians with accurate prognostic insight into the likely disease course of children with AGE, informing disposition decisions, anticipatory guidance, and follow-up care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Levine
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital/Hasbro Children’s Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Karen J. O’Connell
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - David Schnadower
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Prashant Mahajan
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan
- Wayne State University, Detroit
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Katrina F. Hurley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, IWK Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Phillip Tarr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Cody S. Olsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Naveen Poonai
- Departments of Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London
| | - Suzanne Schuh
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, SickKids Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C. Powell
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ken J. Farion
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert E. Sapien
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Cindy G. Roskind
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Alexander J. Rogers
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Seema Bhatt
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Serge Gouin
- Departments of Pediatric Emergency Medicine & Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cheryl Vance
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Stephen B. Freedman
- Divisions of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Gastroenterology, Alberta, Children’s Hospital, Alberta, Canada
- Sections of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hasan H, Nasirudeen NA, Ruzlan MAF, Mohd Jamil MA, Ismail NAS, Wahab AA, Ali A. Acute Infectious Gastroenteritis: The Causative Agents, Omics-Based Detection of Antigens and Novel Biomarkers. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:1112. [PMID: 34943308 PMCID: PMC8700514 DOI: 10.3390/children8121112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute infectious gastroenteritis (AGE) is among the leading causes of mortality in children less than 5 years of age worldwide. There are many causative agents that lead to this infection, with rotavirus being the commonest pathogen in the past decade. However, this trend is now being progressively replaced by another agent, which is the norovirus. Apart from the viruses, bacteria such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli and parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica also contribute to AGE. These agents can be recognised by their respective biological markers, which are mainly the specific antigens or genes to determine the causative pathogen. In conjunction to that, omics technologies are currently providing crucial insights into the diagnosis of acute infectious gastroenteritis at the molecular level. Recent advancement in omics technologies could be an important tool to further elucidate the potential causative agents for AGE. This review will explore the current available biomarkers and antigens available for the diagnosis and management of the different causative agents of AGE. Despite the high-priced multi-omics approaches, the idea for utilization of these technologies is to allow more robust discovery of novel antigens and biomarkers related to management AGE, which eventually can be developed using easier and cheaper detection methods for future clinical setting. Thus, prediction of prognosis, virulence and drug susceptibility for active infections can be obtained. Case management, risk prediction for hospital-acquired infections, outbreak detection, and antimicrobial accountability are aimed for further improvement by integrating these capabilities into a new clinical workflow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haziqah Hasan
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (N.A.N.); (M.A.F.R.); (M.A.M.J.)
| | - Nor Ashika Nasirudeen
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (N.A.N.); (M.A.F.R.); (M.A.M.J.)
| | - Muhammad Alif Farhan Ruzlan
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (N.A.N.); (M.A.F.R.); (M.A.M.J.)
| | - Muhammad Aiman Mohd Jamil
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (N.A.N.); (M.A.F.R.); (M.A.M.J.)
| | - Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Asrul Abdul Wahab
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (H.H.); (N.A.N.); (M.A.F.R.); (M.A.M.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bonanni P, Conforti G, Franco E, Gabutti G, Marchetti F, Mattei A, Prato R, Vitali Rosati G, Vitale F. Fourteen years' clinical experience and the first million babies protected with human live-attenuated vaccine against rotavirus disease in Italy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4636-4645. [PMID: 34370615 PMCID: PMC8828124 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1955611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) causes up to half of hospital and community acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases in young children in Italy. Two RV vaccines, available since 2006, are human RV (HRV) and human bovine RV (HBRV). This report looks back at the implementation of RV vaccination with HRV in Italy, and at HRV current and future perspectives. Initial regional policies led to national implementation by 2018, after scientific societies' disease awareness efforts. Following vaccination, RV hospitalizations declined significantly, and cost savings were observed. The two-dose HRV vaccine is easily administered during compulsory vaccine visits, helping increase coverage. Intussusception, a serious event in children <1 year, was reported in Italy with a rate of 33-40 per 100,000 infants. RV vaccination presents a low increased risk of intussusception after the first dose, estimated at 0.6 cases per 100,000 doses in Italy in 2019. Parents should be aware of the intussusception risk and symptoms to ensure prompt treatment. It is widely recognized that the vaccination benefits (large numbers of RV hospitalizations prevented) outweigh the risk. HRV introduction in Italy was supported by epidemiologic burden studies, healthcare provider opinions, and congress debates, which significantly contributed to implementation of RV universal routine infant vaccination in Italy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bonanni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgio Conforti
- Italian Federation of Primary Care Pediatricians (FIMP), Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Franco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gabutti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Mattei
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rosa Prato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia; Department of Hygiene, Policlinico Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitali Rosati
- Family Pediatrician (FIMP Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri), Greve in Chianti, FI, Italy
| | - Francesco Vitale
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martinelli D, Fortunato F, Marchetti F, Prato R. Rotavirus vaccine administration patterns in Italy: potential impact on vaccine coverage, compliance and adherence. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 17:1546-1551. [PMID: 32946314 PMCID: PMC8078726 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1816109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acceptance of rotavirus (RV) vaccination may be impacted by several factors including the feasibility of the full schedule administration within the fixed immunization timelines. The human RV vaccine Rotarix (GSK) and the human bovine reassortant vaccine RotaTeq (Merck & Co.) were developed with different posologies (2 doses vs 3 doses respectively), which have both scientific and technical implications. A non-systematic literature review revealed that, in the Italian context, topics such as time to achieve RV protection in children, number of preventable cases and administration time window, compatibility/ease of inclusion in the national vaccination calendar, potential overlaps with the peak of natural history of intussusception and adherence to posology could be impacted by the RV vaccine posology. Results suggest that a shorter schedule would allow for greater flexibility of use as well as a greater documented ease of inclusion in the vaccination calendar, thereby reducing potential direct healthcare costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fortunato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Prato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Benninghoff B, Pereira P, Vetter V. Role of healthcare practitioners in rotavirus disease awareness and vaccination - insights from a survey among caregivers. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:138-147. [PMID: 31210567 PMCID: PMC7012184 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1632685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An online survey was designed to assess awareness and understanding of Rotavirus (RV) gastroenteritis (RVGE), and knowledge and attitudes towards RV vaccination in Germany, Poland, Turkey, Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand. Survey participants (n = 1500) comprised parents, expectant parents and guardians of children ≤5 years of age who have sole or joint responsibility for health and well-being decisions relating to their child, who were recruited from an online panel and provided their consent for study participation. Participants from most countries had a high level of awareness of RV infections (mean: 82%) and of those aware of RV, a mean of 61% participants were aware that RV was the most common cause of GE, however the majority (mean: 59%) were unaware that nearly every child would be infected with RVGE by the age of 5 years. Healthcare professional (HCP) recommendation was identified as the key driver for participants seeking vaccination (48%–75% of participants stated this reason, with results differing by country) followed by availability of RV vaccine in the national immunization program. Despite a high level of awareness of RVGE among participants, fostering knowledge regarding the difficulty of RVGE prevention, the risk of RV contraction and the associated serious consequences like dehydration is imperative to improve RV vaccination uptake. HCPs, being the primary influence on participants’ decision on vaccination, are best suited to bridge existing knowledge gaps and recommend parents to vaccinate their children against RVGE.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bergallo M, Galliano I, Montanari P, Rassu M, Daprà V. Aichivirus in Children with Diarrhea in Northern Italy. Intervirology 2018; 60:196-200. [PMID: 29502122 DOI: 10.1159/000487051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since its discovery, Aichivirus (AiV) A has been detected, with an incidence of 0.9-4.1%, primarily when studying outbreaks of diarrhea in children or young adults. In this paper, we report the first detection of AiV in Piedmont, Italy, in pediatric patients. METHODS A total of 159 fecal specimens (from 96 males and 63 females) previously screened for rotaviruses, adenoviruses, noroviruses, human parechoviruses, saliviruses, and sapoviruses were collected from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis. RESULTS The most commonly detected virus was norovirus GII (33.80%), fol lowed by rotavirus (21.30%), astrovirus (18.87%), boca virus (13.92%), sapovirus (10.90%), parechovirus (8%), norovirus GI (6.70%), adenovirus (1%), and salivirus (0.52%). Real-time polymerase chain reaction detected AiV A in 1 (0.62%) case subjects. AiV A was detected in monoinfection only in January. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that AiV may be associated with a limited number of diarrhea cases in pediatric patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Bergallo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy.,SC Pediatric U Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Galliano
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy.,SC Pediatric U Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Montanari
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy.,SC Pediatric U Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Rassu
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Daprà
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|