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Duan H, Huang W, Lv Q, Liu P, Li Q, Kong D, Sun X, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Chen S. Using Surface Immunogenic Protein as a Carrier Protein to Elicit Protective Antibody to Multiple Serotypes for Candidate Group B Streptococcal Glycan Conjugate Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:573. [PMID: 38932301 PMCID: PMC11209137 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a life-threatening opportunistic pathogen, particularly in pregnant women, infants, and the elderly. Currently, maternal vaccination is considered the most viable long-term option for preventing GBS mother-to-infant infection, and two polysaccharide conjugate vaccines utilizing CRM197 as a carrier protein have undergone clinical phase II trials. Surface immunogenic protein (Sip), present in all identified serotypes of GBS strains so far, is a protective surface protein of GBS. In this study, the type Ia capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of GBS was utilized as a model to develop candidate antigens for a polysaccharide conjugate vaccine by coupling it with the Sip of GBS and the traditional carrier protein CRM197. Serum analysis from immunized New Zealand rabbits and CD1 mice revealed that there was no significant difference in antibody titers between the Ia-Sip group and Ia-CRM197 group; however, both were significantly higher than those observed in the Ia polysaccharide group. Opsonophagocytosis and passive immune protection results using rabbit serum indicated no significant difference between the Ia-Sip and Ia-CRM197 groups, both outperforming the Ia polysaccharide group. Furthermore, serum from the Ia-Sip group had a cross-protective effect on multiple types of GBS strains. The challenge test results in CD1 mice demonstrated that the Ia-Sip group provided complete protection against lethal doses of bacteria and also showed cross-protection against type III strain. Our study demonstrates for the first time that Ia-Sip is immunogenic and provides serotype-independent protection in glycan conjugate vaccines, which also indicates Sip may serve as an excellent carrier protein for GBS glycan conjugate vaccines and provide cross-protection against multiple GBS strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Duan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Decong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xuyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shaolong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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Leung S, Collett CF, Allen L, Lim S, Maniatis P, Bolcen SJ, Alston B, Patel PY, Kwatra G, Hall T, Thomas S, Taylor S, Le Doare K, Gorringe A. Development of A Standardized Opsonophagocytosis Killing Assay for Group B Streptococcus and Assessment in an Interlaboratory Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1703. [PMID: 38006035 PMCID: PMC10675794 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The placental transfer of antibodies that mediate bacterial clearance via phagocytes is likely important for protection against invasive group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease. A robust functional assay is essential to determine the immune correlates of protection and assist vaccine development. Using standard reagents, we developed and optimized an opsonophagocytic killing assay (OPKA) where dilutions of test sera were incubated with bacteria, baby rabbit complement (BRC) and differentiated HL60 cells (dHL60) for 30 min. Following overnight incubation, the surviving bacteria were enumerated and the % bacterial survival was calculated relative to serum-negative controls. A reciprocal 50% killing titer was then assigned. The minimal concentrations of anti-capsular polysaccharide (CPS) IgG required for 50% killing were 1.65-3.70 ng/mL (depending on serotype). Inhibition of killing was observed using sera absorbed with homologous CPS but not heterologous CPS, indicating specificity for anti-CPS IgG. The assay performance was examined in an interlaboratory study using residual sera from CPS-conjugate vaccine trials with international partners in the Group B Streptococcus Assay STandardisatiON (GASTON) Consortium. Strong correlations of reported titers between laboratories were observed: ST-Ia r = 0.88, ST-Ib r = 0.91, ST-II r = 0.91, ST-III r = 0.90 and ST-V r = 0.94. The OPKA is an easily transferable assay with accessible standard reagents and will be a valuable tool to assess GBS-specific antibodies in natural immunity and vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Leung
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK (A.G.)
| | - Clare F. Collett
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK (A.G.)
| | - Lauren Allen
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK (A.G.)
| | - Suzanna Lim
- Maternal and Neonatal Vaccine Immunology Research Group, Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; (S.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Pete Maniatis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (P.M.)
| | - Shanna J. Bolcen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (P.M.)
| | | | - Palak Y. Patel
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (P.M.)
| | - Gaurav Kwatra
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Tom Hall
- Maternal and Neonatal Vaccine Immunology Research Group, Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; (S.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Stephen Thomas
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK (A.G.)
| | - Stephen Taylor
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK (A.G.)
| | - Kirsty Le Doare
- Maternal and Neonatal Vaccine Immunology Research Group, Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; (S.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Andrew Gorringe
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK (A.G.)
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3
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Gamma-Irradiated Non-Capsule Group B Streptococcus Promotes T-Cell Dependent Immunity and Provides a Cross-Protective Reaction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly found in the genitourinary tract and is also a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and pneumonia. Despite the current antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP), the disease burdens of late-onset disease in newborns and non-pregnant adult infections are increasing. Recently, inactivation of the pathogens via gamma radiation has been proven to eliminate their replication ability but cause less damage to the antigenicity of the key epitopes. In this study, the non-capsule GBS strain was inactivated via radiation (Rad-GBS) or formalin (Che-GBS), and we further determined its immunogenicity and protective efficacy as vaccines. Notably, Rad-GBS was more immunogenic and gave rise to higher expression of costimulatory molecules in BMDCs in comparison with Che-GBS. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that Rad-GBS induced a stronger CD4+ IFN-γ+ and CD4+IL-17A+ population in mice. The protective efficacy was measured through challenge with the highly virulent strain CNCTC 10/84, and the adoptive transfer results further showed that the protective role is reversed by functionally neutralizing antibodies and T cells. Finally, cross-protection against challenges with prevalent serotypes of GBS was induced by Rad-GBS. The higher opsonophagocytic killing activity of sera against multiple serotypes was determined in sera from mice immunized with Rad-GBS. Overall, our results showed that the inactivated whole-cell encapsulated GBS could be an alternative strategy for universal vaccine development against invasive GBS infections.
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Wang Z, Enotarpi J, Buffi G, Pezzicoli A, Gstöttner CJ, Nicolardi S, Balducci E, Fabbrini M, Romano MR, van der Marel GA, del Bino L, Adamo R, Codée JDC. Chemical Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of Fragments of the Multiantennary Group-Specific Polysaccharide of Group B Streptococcus. JACS AU 2022; 2:1724-1735. [PMID: 35911445 PMCID: PMC9327088 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterium and the most common cause of neonatal blood and brain infections. At least 10 different serotypes exist, that are characterized by their different capsular polysaccharides. The Group B carbohydrate (GBC) is shared by all serotypes and therefore attractive be used in a glycoconjugate vaccine. The GBC is a highly complex multiantennary structure, composed of rhamnose rich oligosaccharides interspaced with glucitol phosphates. We here report the development of a convergent approach to assemble a pentamer, octamer, and tridecamer fragment of the termini of the antennae. Phosphoramidite chemistry was used to fuse the pentamer and octamer fragments to deliver the 13-mer GBC oligosaccharide. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the generated fragments confirmed the structures of the naturally occurring polysaccharide. The fragments were used to generate model glycoconjugate vaccine by coupling with CRM197. Immunization of mice delivered sera that was shown to be capable of recognizing different GBS strains. The antibodies raised using the 13-mer conjugate were shown to recognize the bacteria best and the serum raised against this GBC fragment-mediated opsonophagocytic killing best, but in a capsule dependent manner. Overall, the GBC 13-mer was identified to be a highly promising antigen for incorporation into future (multicomponent) anti-GBS vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacopo Enotarpi
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Giada Buffi
- GSK
Siena Italy, Via Fiorentina
1 Siena 53100, Italy
| | | | - Christoph J. Gstöttner
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Nicolardi
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roberto Adamo
- GSK
Siena Italy, Via Fiorentina
1 Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Ji HJ, Byun EB, Chen F, Ahn KB, Jung HK, Han SH, Lim JH, Won Y, Moon JY, Hur J, Seo HS. Radiation-Inactivated S. gallinarum Vaccine Provides a High Protective Immune Response by Activating Both Humoral and Cellular Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:717556. [PMID: 34484221 PMCID: PMC8415480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum (SG) is a common pathogen in chickens, and causes an acute systemic disease that leads to high mortality. The live attenuated vaccine 9R is able to successfully protect chickens older than six weeks by activating a robust cell-mediated immune response, but its safety and efficacy in young chickens remains controversial. An inactivated SG vaccine is being used as an alternative, but because of its low cellular immune response, it cannot be used as a replacement for live attenuated 9R vaccine. In this study, we employed gamma irradiation instead of formalin as an inactivation method to increase the efficacy of the inactivated SG vaccine. Humoral, cellular, and protective immune responses were compared in both mouse and chicken models. The radiation-inactivated SG vaccine (r-SG) induced production of significantly higher levels of IgG2b and IgG3 antibodies than the formalin-inactivated vaccine (f-SG), and provided a homogeneous functional antibody response against group D, but not group B Salmonella. Moreover, we found that r-SG vaccination could provide a higher protective immune response than f-SG by inducing higher Th17 activation. These results indicate that r-SG can provide a protective immune response similar to the live attenuated 9R vaccine by activating a higher humoral immunity and a lower, but still protective, cellular immune response. Therefore, we expect that the radiation inactivation method might substitute for the 9R vaccine with little or no side effects in chickens younger than six weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Ji
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eui-Baek Byun
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Fengjia Chen
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Jung
- Research and Development Center, HONGCHEON CTCVAC Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyang Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Ewha Education & Research Center for Infection, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yongkwan Won
- Research and Development Center, HONGCHEON CTCVAC Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, South Korea
| | - Ja Young Moon
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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6
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Toh ZQ, Higgins RA, Mazarakis N, Abbott E, Nathanielsz J, Balloch A, Mulholland K, Licciardi PV. Evaluating Functional Immunity Following Encapsulated Bacterial Infection and Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:677. [PMID: 34203030 PMCID: PMC8234458 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis cause significant morbidity and mortality in young children despite the availability of vaccines. Highly specific antibodies are the primary mechanism of protection against invasive disease. Robust and standardised assays that measure functional antibodies are also necessary for vaccine evaluation and allow for the accurate comparison of data between clinical studies. This mini review describes the current state of functional antibody assays and their importance in measuring protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Quan Toh
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.); (E.A.); (J.N.); (A.B.); (K.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rachel A. Higgins
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.); (E.A.); (J.N.); (A.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Nadia Mazarakis
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.); (E.A.); (J.N.); (A.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Elysia Abbott
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.); (E.A.); (J.N.); (A.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Jordan Nathanielsz
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.); (E.A.); (J.N.); (A.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Anne Balloch
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.); (E.A.); (J.N.); (A.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.); (E.A.); (J.N.); (A.B.); (K.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.); (E.A.); (J.N.); (A.B.); (K.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Development and Validation of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Group B Streptococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060545. [PMID: 34064299 PMCID: PMC8224333 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in infants. Limitations of prenatal GBS screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis render developing GBS vaccines a high priority. In this study, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the practical and large-scale evaluation of GBS capsular polysaccharide (PS) vaccine immunogenicity against three main serotypes, Ia, III, and V. GBS-ELISA was developed and subsequently validated using a standardized curve-fitting four-parameter logistic method. Specificity was measured using adsorption of serum with homologous and heterologous PS. Homologous adsorption showed a ≥75% inhibition of all three serotypes, whereas with heterologous PS, IgG GBS-ELISA inhibited only ≤25% of serotypes III and V. However, with serotype Ia, IgG antibody levels decreased by >50%, even after adsorption with heterologous PS (III or V). In comparison, the inhibition opsonophagocytic killing assay (OPA) of serotypes Ia GBS exhibited a reduction in opsonophagocytic activity of only 20% and 1.1% for serotypes III and V GBS, respectively. The precision of the GBS-ELISA was assessed in five independent experiments using four serum samples. The coefficient of variation was <5% for all three serotypes. This standardized GBS-ELISA would be useful for GBS vaccine development and its evaluation.
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8
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Muralidharan C, Anwar A, Wilson TB, Scott PC, Moore RJ, Van TTH. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting Campylobacter hepaticus specific antibodies in chicken sera - a key tool in Spotty Liver Disease screening and vaccine development. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:658-665. [PMID: 32835491 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1813252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Spotty Liver Disease (SLD) is an emerging disease of serious concern in the egg production industry, as it causes significant egg loss and mortality in layer hens. The causative agent is a newly identified Gram-negative bacterium, Campylobacter hepaticus, and knowledge about C. hepaticus pathogenesis and the potential for vaccine development is still in its infancy. Current detection methods for SLD, such as PCR and culturing, only detect an active infection and will not give any indication of a past infection from which the bacteria have been cleared. An immunological assay, on the other hand, can provide information on previous infections and therefore is crucial in vaccine development against SLD. In the present study, we have developed the first immunoassay capable of detecting C. hepaticus-specific antibodies present in the sera of infected birds. The assay uses C. hepaticus total protein extract (TPE) as the antigen coating on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plates. The cross reactivity of C. hepaticus antibodies with closely related C. jejuni and C. coli antigens was successfully overcome by pre-absorbing the sera using C. jejuni cell extracts. The assay was validated using sera samples from both naturally- and experimentally-infected birds, birds vaccinated with formalin-killed bacteria, and serum samples from SLD-negative birds (control group). The optimized ELISA assay had 95.5% specificity and 97.6% sensitivity. The immunoassay provides a useful tool for monitoring the exposure of poultry flocks to C. hepaticus infection and can be used to direct and support vaccine development. HIGHLIGHTS The first immunoassay developed for Spotty Liver Disease (SLD). A useful method for detecting C. hepaticus-specific antibodies in birds. Highly specific (95.5%) and sensitive (97.6%) assay. A key tool for use in epidemiological studies and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arif Anwar
- Scolexia Pty Ltd., Moonee Ponds, Australia
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9
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Carreras-Abad C, Ramkhelawon L, Heath PT, Le Doare K. A Vaccine Against Group B Streptococcus: Recent Advances. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:1263-1272. [PMID: 32425562 PMCID: PMC7196769 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s203454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) causes a high burden of neonatal and infant disease globally. Implementing a vaccine for pregnant women is a promising strategy to prevent neonatal and infant GBS disease and has been identified as a priority by the World Health Organisation (WHO). GBS serotype-specific polysaccharide – protein conjugate vaccines are at advanced stages of development, but a large number of participants would be required to undertake Phase III clinical efficacy trials. Efforts are therefore currently focused on establishing serocorrelates of protection in natural immunity studies as an alternative pathway for licensure of a GBS vaccine, followed by Phase IV studies to evaluate safety and effectiveness. Protein vaccines are in earlier stages of development but are highly promising as they might confer protection irrespective of serotype. Further epidemiological, immunological and health economic studies are required to enable the vaccine to reach its target population as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Carreras-Abad
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group and Vaccine Institute, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laxmee Ramkhelawon
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group and Vaccine Institute, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul T Heath
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group and Vaccine Institute, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Kirsty Le Doare
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group and Vaccine Institute, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK.,Pathogen Immunity Group, Public Health England, Porton Down,UK.,Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
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10
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Diaz-Dinamarca DA, Hernandez C, Escobar DF, Soto DA, Muñoz GA, Badilla JF, Manzo RA, Carrión F, Kalergis AM, Vasquez AE. Mucosal Vaccination with Lactococcus lactis-Secreting Surface Immunological Protein Induces Humoral and Cellular Immune Protection against Group B Streptococcus in a Murine Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020146. [PMID: 32224855 PMCID: PMC7349291 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the primary etiological agent of sepsis and meningitis in newborns and is associated with premature birth and stillbirth. The development of a licensed vaccine is one of the pending challenges for the World Health Organization. Previously, we showed that oral immunization with surface immune protein (SIP) decreases vaginal colonization of GBS and generates functional opsonizing antibodies, which was determined by opsonophagocytic assays (OPA) in vitro. We also showed that the protein has an adjuvant vaccine profile. Therefore, an oral vaccine based on SIP may be an attractive alternative to employ in the development of new vaccines against GBS. Lactococcus lactis is a highlighted oral vaccine probiotic inducer of the mucosal immune response. This bacterium could serve as an antigen-delivering vehicle for the development of an edible vaccine and has been used in clinical trials. In this study, we showed that an oral vaccine with a recombinant L. lactis strain secreting SIP from GBS (rL. lactis-SIP) can induce protective humoral and cellular immunity in an experimental model of GBS vaginal colonization in C57BL/6 mice. Mice immunized with rL. lactis-SIP were protected against clinical symptoms and bacterial colonization after GBS vaginal colonization. Our rL. lactis-SIP vaccine also induces an increase of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) specifically against SIP. The adoptive transfer of serum from vaccinated mice to naïve mice generated protection against GBS vaginal colonization. Moreover, the rL.lactis-SIP strain induces the activation of SIP-specific T cells, which could decrease GBS vaginal colonization and generate protective antibodies when transferred to other mice. Our experimental observations strongly support the notion that rL. lactis-SIP induces protective humoral and cellular immunity and could be considered as a novel alternative in the development of vaccines for GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Diaz-Dinamarca
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 780050, Chile; (D.A.D.-D.); (C.H.); (D.F.E.); (D.A.S.); (G.A.M.); (J.F.B.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Carlos Hernandez
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 780050, Chile; (D.A.D.-D.); (C.H.); (D.F.E.); (D.A.S.); (G.A.M.); (J.F.B.); (R.A.M.)
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Daniel F. Escobar
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 780050, Chile; (D.A.D.-D.); (C.H.); (D.F.E.); (D.A.S.); (G.A.M.); (J.F.B.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Daniel A. Soto
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 780050, Chile; (D.A.D.-D.); (C.H.); (D.F.E.); (D.A.S.); (G.A.M.); (J.F.B.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Guillermo A. Muñoz
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 780050, Chile; (D.A.D.-D.); (C.H.); (D.F.E.); (D.A.S.); (G.A.M.); (J.F.B.); (R.A.M.)
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Jesús F. Badilla
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 780050, Chile; (D.A.D.-D.); (C.H.); (D.F.E.); (D.A.S.); (G.A.M.); (J.F.B.); (R.A.M.)
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Ricardo A. Manzo
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 780050, Chile; (D.A.D.-D.); (C.H.); (D.F.E.); (D.A.S.); (G.A.M.); (J.F.B.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Programa de Inmunología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610315, Chile;
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
| | - Abel E. Vasquez
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 780050, Chile; (D.A.D.-D.); (C.H.); (D.F.E.); (D.A.S.); (G.A.M.); (J.F.B.); (R.A.M.)
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Providencia, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +562-2575-5513
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11
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Choi MJ, Noh JY, Jang AY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ, Song DJ, Cho GJ, Oh MJ, Zhi Y, Seo HS, Song JY. Age-stratified analysis of serotype-specific baseline immunity against group B streptococcus. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:1338-1344. [PMID: 31687869 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1688036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) vaccines are currently under development. Data on the natural immunity in diverse age groups will aid establishing the GBS immunization policy. In this study, thirty serum samples were collected from three age groups (neonates/infants, pregnant women, and the elderly) between August 2016 and July 2017. Serotype-specific opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) was assessed using a GBS multiplex opsonophagocytic killing assay (MOPA) against serotypes Ia, III, and V. The mean OPA titers for serotype Ia of the three age groups were not significantly different (p = .156), but tended to be lower in neonates/infants (mean ± standard deviation, 137 ± 278). For serotype III and V, the mean OPA titer of neonates/infants (338 ± 623 and 161 ± 445, respectively) was significantly lower than that of pregnant women (1377 ± 1167 and 9414 ± 6394) and the elderly (1350 ± 1741 and 3669 ± 5597) (p = .002). In conclusion, the lower levels of OPA titers against all tested serotypes in neonates/infants, despite high maternal titers, indicates that intrapartum GBS vaccinations may be required for efficient placental transfer of serotype-specific GBS antibodies with high avidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Joo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine , Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Yeung Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Zhi
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is estimated to have caused 319,000 cases of neonatal disease resulting in 90,000 infant deaths globally in 2015. It is also associated with maternal sepsis, preterm births, stillbirths and neonatal encephalopathy. There is a significant burden of neurologic impairment among survivors of infant GBS disease. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis strategies have reduced the incidence of newborn early-onset GBS (occurring days 0-6) in some settings, but they are not feasible in many low and middle-income countries. A maternal vaccine given to pregnant women to stimulate passive transplacental transfer of protective antibodies has the potential to reduce maternal disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes and newborn disease. Phase I and II vaccine studies are occurring, but conducting phase III efficacy studies of a GBS vaccine candidate would require very large numbers due to the relatively low incidence of invasive GBS disease. It has therefore been proposed that alternative pathways to vaccine licensure should be explored, for example, through use of a regulatory approved correlate of protection and safety evaluation in mothers, fetuses and infants. These studies would then be followed-up with post-licensure phase IV studies in which vaccine effectiveness is evaluated.
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13
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Lin SM, Jang AY, Zhi Y, Gao S, Lim S, Lim JH, Song JY, Sullam PM, Rhee JH, Seo HS. Vaccination With a Latch Peptide Provides Serotype-Independent Protection Against Group B Streptococcus Infection in Mice. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:93-102. [PMID: 29106586 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus [GBS]) is a leading cause of invasive diseases in neonates and severe infections in elderly individuals. GBS serine-rich repeat glycoprotein 1 (Srr1) acts as a critical virulence factor by facilitating GBS invasion into the central nervous system through interaction with the fibrinogen Aα chain. This study revealed that srr1 is highly conserved, with 86.7% of GBS clinical isolates expressing the protein. Vaccination of mice with different Srr1 truncated peptides revealed that only Srr1 truncates containing the latch domain protected against GBS meningitis. Furthermore, the latch peptide alone was immunogenic and elicited protective antibodies, which efficiently enhanced antibody-mediated opsonophagocytic killing of GBS by HL60 cells and provided heterogeneous protection against 4 different GBS serogroups. Taken together, these findings indicated that the latch domain of Srr1 may constitute an effective peptide vaccine candidate for GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Mei Lin
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup.,Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students, Department of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju
| | - A-Yeung Jang
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup.,Department of Biological Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju
| | - Yong Zhi
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Shuang Gao
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup.,Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students, Department of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Jae Hyang Lim
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Joon Young Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul M Sullam
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, California
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students, Department of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju.,Clinical Vaccine Research and Development Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon
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14
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Song JY, Lim JH, Lim S, Yong Z, Seo HS. Progress toward a group B streptococcal vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2669-2681. [PMID: 29995578 PMCID: PMC6314413 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1493326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of severe invasive disease in neonate, elderly, and immunocompromised patients worldwide. Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) of GBS infections, it remains one of the most common causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality, causing serious infections. Furthermore, recent studies reported an increasing number of GBS infections in pregnant women and elderly. Although IAP is effective, it has several limitations, including increasing antimicrobial resistance and late GBS infection after negative antenatal screening. Maternal immunization is the most promising and effective countermeasure against GBS infection in neonates. However, no vaccine is available to date, but two types of vaccines, protein subunit and capsular polysaccharide conjugate vaccines, were investigated in clinical trials. Here, we provide an overview of the GBS vaccine development status and recent advances in the development of immunoassays to evaluate the GBS vaccine clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Young Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyang Lim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhi Yong
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Lin SM, Zhi Y, Ahn KB, Lim S, Seo HS. Status of group B streptococcal vaccine development. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2018; 7:76-81. [PMID: 29399583 PMCID: PMC5795048 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2018.7.1.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus, GBS) is a leading causal organism of neonatal invasive diseases and severe infections in the elderly. Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of GBS infections and improvement in personal hygiene standards, this pathogen is still a global health concern. Thus, an effective vaccine against GBS would augment existing strategies to substantially decrease GBS infection. In 2014, World Health Organization convened the first meeting for consultation on GBS vaccine development, focusing on the GBS maternal immunization program, which was aimed at reducing infections in neonates and young infants worldwide. Here, we review the history of GBS infections, the current vaccine candidates, and the current status of immunogenicity assays used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of GBS vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Mei Lin
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine (BrainKorea21 Plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yong Zhi
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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