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Lee SI, Jeong CG, Ul Salam Mattoo S, Nazki S, Prasad Aganja R, Kim SC, Khatun A, Oh Y, Noh SH, Lee SM, Kim WI. Protective immunity induced by concurrent intradermal injection of porcine circovirus type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae inactivated vaccines in pigs. Vaccine 2021; 39:6691-6699. [PMID: 34538524 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) are routinely used by intramuscular injection. However, since intramuscular vaccination causes stress and increases the risk of cross-contamination among pigs, research on intradermal vaccination is currently being actively conducted. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of intradermally administered inactivated vaccines against PCV2 and Mhp in pigs. Three-week-old specific pathogen-free pigs were divided into three groups (5 pigs per group). Pigs in the two groups were intradermally vaccinated with the PCV2 or Mhp vaccine using a needle-free injector. Pigs in the third group were kept as nonvaccinated controls. At 21 days post-vaccination, pigs in one of these vaccinated groups and the nonvaccinated group were intranasally challenged with PCV2b and Mhp, while the other vaccinated group pigs were maintained as vaccine controls. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated by observing weight gain, pathogen load, pathological changes, and humoral or cellular immune responses. As a result, vaccinated pigs revealed significantly higher body weight gain, with lower clinical scores. Vaccinated pigs also showed higher antibody responses but lower PCV2b or Mhp loads in sera, nasal swabs, or lungs than nonvaccinated pigs. Intriguingly, vaccinated pigs upregulated cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), helper T type 1 cells (Th1 cells), and helper T type 17 cells (Th17 cells) after immunization and showed significantly higher levels of CTLs, Th1 and Th17 cells at 14 days post-challenge than nonvaccinated and challenged pigs. This study demonstrated that protective immune responses against PCV2 and Mhp could be efficiently induced in pigs using a relatively small volume of intradermal vaccines, probably due to effective antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells in the dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sim-In Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea; The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright-GU24 0NF, Woking, United Kingdom.
| | - Ram Prasad Aganja
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Amina Khatun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Yeonsu Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyun Noh
- MSD Animal Health Korea Ltd., Seoul 04637, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
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Yaseen MM, Abuharfeil NM, Darmani H. The impact of MDSCs on the efficacy of preventive and therapeutic HIV vaccines. Cell Immunol 2021; 369:104440. [PMID: 34560382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In spite of four decades of research on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus remains a major health problem, affecting tens of millions of people around the world. As such, developing an effective preventive/protective and therapeutic vaccines against HIV are essential to prevent/limit the continuous spread of the virus as well as to control the disease progression and to completely eradicate the virus from HIV infected patients, respectively. There are several factors that have impeded the development of such vaccines, and we need to gain further insight into these factors in order to enhance our knowledge concerning the proper immune activation pathways in the hope of accelerating the development of the highly sought-after vaccine. Recently, new immune cell populations, namely the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), were added to the battle of HIV infection. Indeed, MDSCs seem to play a central role in determining the efficacy of therapeutic and preventive vaccines, especially because vaccines, in general, enhance immune responses, while as a potent immunosuppressor cell population, MDSCs, in turn, subvert and limit the activation of immune responses. Hence, in this work, we sought to address the role of MDSCs in the context of preventive/protective, as well as, therapeutic HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Homa Darmani
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Abou Hassan F, Bou Hamdan M, Melhem NM. The Role of Natural Killer Cells and Regulatory T Cells While Aging with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 35:1123-1135. [PMID: 31510754 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has increased the quality of life of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Consequently, the number of PLHIV >50 years is increasing worldwide. Patients on cART are known to remain in a proinflammatory state. The latter is linked to the development of non-AIDS-related chronic conditions. Although the number of aging PLHIV is increasing, the effect of HIV infection on the process of aging is not fully understood. Understanding the complexity of aging with HIV by investigating the effect of the latter on different components of the innate and adaptive immune systems is important to reduce the impact of these comorbid conditions and improve the quality of life of PLHIV. The role of killer immunoglobulin receptors (KIRs), expressed on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells, and their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands in the clearance, susceptibility to or disease progression following HIV infection is well established. However, data on the effect of KIR-HLA interaction in aging HIV-infected population and the development of non-AIDS-related comorbid conditions are lacking. Moreover, conflicting data exist on the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) during HIV infection. The purpose of this review is to advance the current knowledge on the role of NK cells and Tregs while aging with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouk Abou Hassan
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Division of Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirna Bou Hamdan
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Division of Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada M. Melhem
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Division of Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Tang CL, Zhang RH, Liu ZM, Jin H, He L. Effect of regulatory T cells on the efficacy of the fatty acid-binding protein vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:559-566. [PMID: 30607606 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most devastating parasitic diseases, making it imperative to develop efficient vaccines to control the causative flatworms called schistosomes. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the Th1 immune response have been implicated in the effectiveness of vaccines to control schistosomiasis, but the mechanisms underlying their effects are unclear. In this study, we evaluated the role of Tregs on the efficacy of the 14 kDa FABP (fatty acid-binding protein) vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum. BALB/c female mice were randomly divided into five groups: an uninfected group, infected control group, anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD25 mAb) group, FABP group, and combined anti-CD25 mAb and FABP group. Compared with FABP alone, a combined treatment with FABP and anti-CD25 mAb increased the rate of S. japonicum inhibition in mice from 30.3 to 56.08% and decreased the number of eggs per gram of liver. Compared with that of the infected control group, the percentage of Tregs in the spleen decreased significantly after single or combined treatment with FABP and anti-CD25 mAb, while it increased gradually in the anti-CD25 mAb group. Further, the secretion of Th1 cytokines, IFN-γ, and IL-2 increased in splenocytes in the anti-CD25 mAb group. Our results indicate that anti-CD25 mAb partially blocks Tregs and concomitantly enhances the Th1 type immune response, thereby enhancing the protective effect of the FABP vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lian Tang
- Wuchang Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Rong-Hui Zhang
- Wuchang Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Liu
- Wuchang Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Huang Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Fourth Hospital; Pu'ai hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430033, China.
| | - Long He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital; School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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