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Singer D, Sweeney C, Stempniewicz N, Reynolds M, Garbinsky D, Poston S. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Herpes Zoster Vaccination Among Specialists. Popul Health Manag 2024. [PMID: 38838030 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2023.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant zoster vaccine has been recommended by the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for the prevention of herpes zoster (HZ) in immunocompetent adults aged at least 50 years since 2018. In January 2022, this was extended to immunodeficient/immunosuppressed adults aged at least 19 years. Key study objectives were to assess specialists' knowledge of the ACIP HZ vaccination recommendations, their attitudes toward HZ vaccination, and HZ vaccination practices/barriers. This cross-sectional, web-based survey (conducted in March 2022) included US dermatologists, gastroenterologists, infectious disease specialists, oncologists, and rheumatologists who treat patients with psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, human immunodeficiency syndrome, solid tumors/hematological malignancies, and rheumatoid arthritis, respectively. Although most of the 613 specialists correctly identified the ACIP HZ vaccination recommendations for adults aged at least 50 years (84%) and immunodeficient/immunosuppressed adults aged at least 19 years (67%), only 29% knew that recombinant zoster vaccine is recommended for individuals who have previously received zoster vaccine live, and only 18% knew all current ACIP recommendations. For patients with the diseases listed, 84% of specialists thought that HZ is a serious risk, 75% that HZ vaccination is extremely/very important, and 69% were extremely/very likely to recommend HZ vaccination. Only 36% administer vaccines themselves, mainly because patients receive vaccinations from others. Barriers to vaccination included more urgent/acute issues, insufficient time, and lack of patient motivation/willingness. Full knowledge of the ACIP HZ vaccination recommendations among the surveyed specialists was low. There may be a need to educate specialists to improve adherence to these recommendations. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- David Singer
- GSK, US Vaccines Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Nikita Stempniewicz
- GSK, US Vaccines Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Poston
- GSK, US Vaccines Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Watanabe AH, Veettil SK, Le LM, Bald E, Tak C, Chaiyakunapruk N. Clinical and economic implications of increasing access to herpes zoster vaccination rate in community pharmacies. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2023; 63:1530-1538. [PMID: 37207710 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A community pharmacist plays an important role in providing vaccination to the general public in the United States. No economic models have been used to assess the impact of these services on public health and economic benefits. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the clinical and economic implications of community pharmacy-based herpes zoster (HZ) vaccination services with a hypothetical scenario of nonpharmacy-based vaccination in the State of Utah. METHODS A hybrid model of decision tree and Markov models was used to estimate lifetime cost and health outcomes. This open-cohort model was populated based on Utah population statistics and included a population of 50 years and older who were eligible for HZ vaccination between the years 2010 and 2020. Data were derived from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Utah Immunization Coverage Report, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, the CDC National Health Interview Survey, and existing literature. The analysis was performed from a societal perspective. A lifetime time horizon was used. The primary outcomes were the number of vaccination cases increased and the number of shingles and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) cases averted. Total costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were also estimated. RESULTS Based on a cohort of 853,550 people eligible for HZ vaccination in Utah, an additional 11,576 individuals were vaccinated in the community pharmacy-based scenario compared with the nonpharmacy-based vaccination, resulting in 706 averted cases of shingles and 143 averted cases of PHN. Community pharmacy-based HZ vaccination was less costly (-$131,894) and gained more QALYs (52.2) compared with the nonpharmacy-based vaccination. A series of sensitivity analyses showed that the findings were robust. CONCLUSIONS Community pharmacy-based HZ vaccination was less costly and gained more QALYs and was associated with improved other clinical outcomes in the State of Utah. This study might be used as a model for future evaluations of other community pharmacy-based vaccination programs in the United States.
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Eldooma I, Maatoug M, Yousif M. Outcomes of Pharmacist-Led Pharmaceutical Care Interventions Within Community Pharmacies: Narrative Review. INTEGRATED PHARMACY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 12:113-126. [PMID: 37216033 PMCID: PMC10198268 DOI: 10.2147/iprp.s408340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical care (PhC) services interventions led by pharmacists within community pharmacies (CPs) are essential in achieving optimal medication use outcomes. PhC is a concept related to medication use goals optimization through the reduction and prevention of drug-related problems (DRPs). This review paper summarized the literature on pharmacist-led PhC interventions within CPs. PubMed and Google Scholar publications were searched, identified, and summarized. Results showed that some studies handled community pharmacists' roles, and some talked about PhC interventions. However, some studies reviewed the use of medicines, adherence, and follow-up, while other groups were on counseling, patient education, and health promotion. Pharmacists integrated some studies concerning diagnosis and disease screening into community pharmacy services. Besides these studies, there were studies on system design and installation of PhC service models. Most of the identified research results showed pharmacist-led intervention benefits for patients. These benefits include reduced DRPs, clinical, economical, humane, education and knowledge, disease prevention and immunization, identification of practice process problems, and the need for current practice redesigning. In conclusion, pharmacists can help patients achieve optimal outcomes through pharmacist-led interventions. Despite mentioned results, We recommend researching comprehensively applied PhC services provision models within CPs for more pharmacists-led interventions and role activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaeil Eldooma
- Department of Planning, Research, and Information; National Health Insurance Fund, Wad-Medani, Sudan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Gezira, Wad-Medani, Sudan
| | - Maha Maatoug
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Gezira, Wad-Medani, Sudan
| | - Mirghani Yousif
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Gezira, Wad-Medani, Sudan
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Alrasheedy AA, Aldawsari AH, Alqasir MI, Alsawyan OA, Alalwan OA, Alwaker SA, Almutairi MS, Godman B. Knowledge of Community Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia Regarding Human Monkeypox, Its Management, Prevention, and Vaccination: Findings and Implications. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040878. [PMID: 37112790 PMCID: PMC10143221 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cases of monkeypox have recently been reported in countries where this disease is not endemic, raising a global health concern. Consequently, healthcare professionals (HCPs), including pharmacists, need to be aware of the disease, its prevention, including the role of vaccines, and its management to reduce transmission. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among conveniently sampled community pharmacists in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. A total of 189 community pharmacists participated in the study, giving a response rate of 72.97%. From these, 86.77% were male, 51.32% were ≤30 years old, 36.51% were aged between 31-40 years, and 43.39% had 1-5 years of experience as community pharmacists. Their overall knowledge was 17.72 ± 5.56 out of a maximum of 28. The overall rate of correct answers for the knowledge statements was 63.29%, with 52.4% answering ≥50-<75% of the knowledge questions correctly and 31.2% answering ≥75% of the questions correctly. The knowledge subdomain related to diagnosis and clinical characteristics recorded the highest score, with the subdomain relating to causative pathogens and epidemiology recording a lower score. Overall, community pharmacists had moderate knowledge of monkeypox and its clinical management, prevention, and the role of vaccines, which is a concern for the future. Consequently, tailored, flexible, and timely educational interventions are needed to ensure that HCPs, including community pharmacists, are fully equipped with the latest evidence-based knowledge regarding this viral disease to reduce transmission and improve care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alian A Alrasheedy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman H Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munyib I Alqasir
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Alsawyan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Alalwan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alwaker
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masaad S Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Molotlegi Street, Garankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
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Le LM, Veettil SK, Donaldson D, Kategeaw W, Hutubessy R, Lambach P, Chaiyakunapruk N. The impact of pharmacist involvement on immunization uptake and other outcomes: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2022; 62:1499-1513.e16. [PMID: 35961937 PMCID: PMC9448680 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The underutilization of immunization services remains a big public health concern. Pharmacists can address this concern by playing an active role in immunization administration. Objective We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of pharmacist-involved interventions on immunization rates and other outcomes indirectly related to vaccine uptake. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from inception to February 2022 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies in which pharmacists were involved in the immunization process. Studies were excluded if no comparator was reported. Two reviewers independently completed data extraction and bias assessments using standardized forms. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Results A total of 14 RCTs and 79 observational studies were included. Several types of immunizations were provided, including influenza, pneumococcal, herpes zoster, Tdap, and others in a variety of settings (community pharmacy, hospital, clinic, others). Pooled analyses from RCTs indicated that a pharmacist as immunizer (risk ratio 1.14 [95% CI 1.12–1.15]), advocator (1.31 [1.17–1.48]), or both (1.14 [1.12–1.15]) significantly increased immunization rates compared with usual care or non–pharmacist-involved interventions. The quality of evidence was assessed as moderate or low for those meta-analyses. Evidence from observational studies was consistent with the results found in the analysis of the RCTs. Conclusion Pharmacist involvement as immunizer, advocator, or both roles has favorable effects on immunization uptake, especially with influenza vaccines in the United States and some high-income countries. As the practice of pharmacists in immunization has been expanded globally, further research on investigating the impact of pharmacist involvement in immunization in other countries, especially developing ones, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- Correspondence: Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk, PharmD, PhD, Professor. Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112.
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LaMori J, Feng X, Pericone CD, Mesa-Frias M, Sogbetun O, Kulczycki A. Real-world evidence on adherence and completion of the two-dose recombinant zoster vaccine and associated factors in U.S. adults, 2017-2021. Vaccine 2022; 40:2266-2273. [PMID: 35292160 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor compliance with adult vaccination recommendations contributes to substantial disease burden. Evidence on adherence, completion, and completion timeliness for the 2-dose recombinant herpes zoster vaccine (RZV) and factors associated with these outcomes is limited and not readily generalizable for the entire U.S. METHODS This retrospective, observational study examined adherence, completion, and the impact of sociodemographic, clinical and geographical factors among U.S. adults ≥ 50 years receiving RZV (4/20/2017 to 3/31/2021), using a large, geographically representative administrative claims database. Continuous enrollment in a medical benefit plan for six months prior to and following the index date (first observed vaccine dose) was required. Adherence was defined as receipt of the 2nd dose within 2-6 months, per label recommendation. Completion (receipt of all doses) was assessed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. RESULTS Among 726,352 adults included, the adherence rate was 71.8%. Among 208,311 adults with 24-month follow-up, the completion rate was 72.3% after 6 months and 86.2% after 24 months. Logistic regression showed low adherence/completion was associated with younger age, Black or Hispanic race/ethnicity, lower income, lower educational attainment, and possessing commercial rather than Medicare healthcare insurance. Recipients identified using pharmacy claims had much higher adherence (74.0%) than those identified using medical claims (48.0%). CONCLUSIONS Adherence and completion rates for RZV are suboptimal, especially for adults aged 50-64, racial/ethnic minorities, individuals with lower socio-economic status and those without Medicare insurance. More research and public health efforts are needed to understand and address potential barriers to RZV uptake, adherence and completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce LaMori
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, Titusville, NJ, USA.
| | - Xue Feng
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrzej Kulczycki
- Department of Health Policy & Organization, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Yawn BP, Loskutova NY, Merrill DD, Martinez S, Callen E, Cotton J, Carroll JK, Williams D. Health Care Professionals' Herpes Zoster Awareness and Vaccine Recommendations for Patients with COPD. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2022; 9:562-575. [PMID: 36199223 PMCID: PMC9718579 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2022.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to assess health care professionals' (HCPs) knowledge of an increased herpes zoster (HZ) risk and burden for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), HCPs' familiarity with the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' (ACIP) HZ vaccine recommendations, and the HCPs' current adult vaccine practices. Another objective was to evaluate the impact of a short educational video on knowledge and future vaccine intent. Participants and Methods An online survey of family physicians (FPs), pulmonologists, nurse practitioners (NPs), and physician assistants (PAs) querying demographics, awareness of ACIP HZ vaccine recommendations, and HZ burdens and risks in patients with COPD and their current recommendations for HZ, influenza, and pneumococcal vaccines was conducted. For those not strongly recommending HZ vaccines concordant with ACIP recommendations, a 5-minute educational video was presented, and post video questions assessed future intended HZ vaccine recommendations. Results Among 1020 HCP responders, awareness and ACIP concordant HZ vaccine recommendations ranged from 59.0% to 95.2% across HCPs. Lowest recommendation rates were consistently reported by pulmonologists for the 2-dose HZ vaccine beginning at age 50; for the 2-dose vaccine use in those with prior 1-dose HZ vaccinations, and for those with prior HZ. Among all HCPs, HZ vaccine recommendations were lower than for pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. After viewing the educational video, reported vaccine recommendation intent increased significantly in all groups of HCPs, as did awareness of increased HZ risk among patients with COPD. Conclusions Significant educational opportunities exist for HCPs related to HZ and its vaccine prevention among patients with COPD which may be responsive to brief, targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara P. Yawn
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States,COPD Foundation, Miami, Florida, United States,*Affiliation at the time the study was conducted
| | - Natalia Y. Loskutova
- American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, Kansas, United States,*Affiliation at the time the study was conducted
| | | | | | - Elisabeth Callen
- American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, Kansas, United States
| | | | - Jennifer K. Carroll
- American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, Kansas, United States,Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Dennis Williams
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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Wubishet BL, Tesfaye WH, Khan MN, Thomas J, Tuffaha H, Comans TA, Scuffham P, Erku DA. Public hesitancy to COVID‐19 vaccine and the role of pharmacists in addressing the problem and improving uptake. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2021; 51:494-500. [PMID: 35464639 PMCID: PMC9015492 DOI: 10.1002/jppr.1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
COVID‐19 is one of the worst pandemics in recent human history, causing huge health, economic, and psychosocial damage. Since the pandemic hit, several unsubstantiated claims regarding exposure, transmission and management have been disseminated. Misinformation and associated public confusion now extend to the COVID‐19 vaccines, spanning from claims based on possible links between some vaccine types and rare blood clots, to baseless claims. As a result, the public’s trust in COVID‐19 vaccines has been eroded, fuelling an already troubling trend of vaccine hesitancy. As medication experts and the most accessible healthcare providers, pharmacists are well equipped with the required skills and knowledge to improve COVID‐19 vaccine uptake by taking roles that range from dispelling myths, to providing reliable evidence‐based information, through to vaccine administration. This paper discusses public hesitancy to COVID‐19 vaccines, major contributing factors, and the role pharmacists can play in reducing hesitancy and increasing vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Befikadu L. Wubishet
- Centre for Health Services Research The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | | | - Md Nuruzzaman Khan
- Department of Population Science Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University Mymensingh Bangladesh
| | - Jackson Thomas
- Pharmacy Faculty of Health University of Canberra Canberra Australia
| | - Haitham Tuffaha
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health Faculty of Business, Economics and Law University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Tracy A. Comans
- Centre for Health Services Research The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Paul Scuffham
- Centre for Applied Health Economics Griffith University Nathan Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Australia
| | - Daniel A. Erku
- Centre for Applied Health Economics Griffith University Nathan Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Australia
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Leidner AJ, Tang Z, Guo A, Anderson TC, Tsai Y. Insurance reimbursements for recombinant zoster vaccine in the private sector. Vaccine 2021; 39:5091-5094. [PMID: 34348844 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A two-dose series of the recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV, Shingrix) was licensed by the Food and Drug Administration in 2017 and recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in 2018 for adults in the United States age 50 years and older. Despite the health benefits of shingles vaccination, coverage has remained low, with financial barriers among healthcare providers identified as one potential factor. This study estimates the reimbursement levels for RZV among a large sample of privately insured individuals in the US from the 2018 IBM® MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Encounters database. Of 198,534 claims for an RZV dose, the mean reimbursement was $149. Most claims (83%) exceeded $140, which was the private sector vaccine price reported on the CDC vaccine price list in April 2018. These results can be useful for providers considering procuring RZV and for state immunization programs considering ways to improve vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Leidner
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, United States of America.
| | - Zhaoli Tang
- Berry Technology Solutions, Contractor for National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, United States of America
| | - Angela Guo
- Strategic Innovative Solutions, Contractor for National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, United States of America
| | - Tara C Anderson
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, United States of America
| | - Yuping Tsai
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, United States of America
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Olatunji EA, Ogunsola AS, Khodakarami N, Callaghan T. Who receives influenza vaccinations at the Pharmacy? An analysis of the Texas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Vaccine 2021; 39:2857-2866. [PMID: 33896664 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination helps to prevent influenza infection and reduce associated costs but the influenza vaccination rate in Texas for adults between the ages of 18 to 64 years old is the lowest in the US. Pharmacies and alternative locations have been shown to help increase vaccination rates but many adults still go unvaccinated. OBJECTIVE This research aims to determine the factors associated with obtaining influenza vaccination at the pharmacy compared to non-pharmacy locations in Texas. METHOD This study used pooled Texas Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System datasets (2014 to 2018) for this assessment. The main outcome variable was categorized into pharmacy and non-pharmacy vaccination locations and analyzed using a logistic regression analysis. Further statistical analysis was done using a multinomial logistic regression after re-categorizing the outcome variable into pharmacy, doctor office, and other locations. RESULT Blacks were 63% (AOR 0.37, C.I. 0.26, 0.50) and Hispanics were 38% (AOR 0.62, C.I. 0.48, 0.80) less likely to receive influenza vaccinations at the pharmacy respectively when compared to Whites. Furthermore, those who did not live in a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) were 33% (AOR 0.67, C.I 0.53, 0.84) less likely to receive influenza vaccinations at the pharmacy compared to those who lived in an MSA. While there was no observed difference in the likelihood of receiving influenza vaccination, the unemployed population were 40% (AOR 1.40, C.I 1.15, 1.71) more likely to be vaccinated in the pharmacy compared to the employed population. CONCLUSION There is potential for increased utilization of pharmacies as a source of influenza vaccination in Texas. Racial differences exist both for receiving influenza vaccinations and being vaccinated in the pharmacy. Influenza vaccination advocacy and education efforts may be necessary to improve pharmacy-based vaccination in Texas, especially for minorities and rural-dwelling Texans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniola A Olatunji
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, United States.
| | - Ayobami S Ogunsola
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, United States
| | - Nima Khodakarami
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, United States
| | - Timothy Callaghan
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, United States
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Wang G, Zhu L, Zhu Y, Ye Q, Yu X, Fu M, Lu J, Li X, Huang Y, Zhang J, Lan J, Li Z, Zhai X, Xu H, Li Z. Safety survey by clinical pharmacists on COVID-19 vaccination from a single center in China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2863-2867. [PMID: 33886411 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1913964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the safety of COVID-19 vaccine (Aikewei) and the role of clinical pharmacists in the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination. A total of 2305 hospital employees in Children's Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China received the COVID-19 vaccine. The whole process of vaccination was monitored by clinical pharmacists, and the occurrence, types, severity of adverse reactions were recorded in detail. Through the investigation and analysis on the safety of COVID-19 vaccination of the 2305 people, the important role and value of clinical pharmacists in the vaccination process was elaborated. Common adverse reactions included local pain, dizziness and fatigue, with the incidence rates of 2.09%, 0.67% and 0.49%, respectively. Others such as headache, nausea, skin itching, cough, palpitation, dry mouth, hand anesthesia, local induration, muscle soreness, local rash, and chill had incidence rates of less than 0.30%. Three cases of serious adverse events that occurred in this vaccination returned to normal after treatment, with no subsequent discomfort. Clinical pharmacists played an important role in the safety monitoring of COVID-19 vaccination. The safety of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine is good. Most of the common adverse reactions were mild and tolerable, with generally low incidence. The work of clinical pharmacists is important and can be expanded in the future to ensure the safety of vaccination and to provide better health care service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaofeng Ye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Fu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinmiao Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidie Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianger Lan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhai
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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Zhao M, Liu H, Qu S, He L, Campy KS. Factors associated with parental acceptance of influenza vaccination for their children: the evidence from four cities of China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 17:457-464. [PMID: 32614707 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1771988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is necessary and urgent to vaccinate 245 million Chinese children against influenza pandemics. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate different psychological and demographic factors that influence parental willingness to vaccinate their children against influenza. METHODS A hybrid theoretical framework was expanded and verified with 462 sample data collected from four cities in China. Structural equation models were used to test nine theoretical hypotheses, and the non-standardized coefficient method was used to discuss the moderating effects among demographic variables. RESULTS Knowledge is considered to be the significant factor of performance expectancy (β = 0.228), effort expectancy (β = 0.227) and perceived risk (β = -0.138), and social influence also has the significant impacts on the above three variables, with β values of 0.437, 0.386, and -0.172. Performance expectancy (β = 0.402), effort expectancy (β = 0.343), and perceived risk (β = -0.244) thus significantly affect parental behavioral intention regarding children's influenza vaccination. Gender, education, and kids' gender are demographic variables with significant moderating effects, while age, income, number of kids are not significant. CONCLUSION To improve the acceptability of influenza vaccination among Chinese children, the promoting policies should emphasize on public knowledge and social influence, as well as effectiveness, affordability, and safety of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Shujuan Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Kathryn S Campy
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
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