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Sobczak M, Pawliczak R. Was China's zero-COVID policy the right choice? The multiple factor analysis of variables that affected the course of COVID-19 pandemic in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1252370. [PMID: 38125847 PMCID: PMC10731256 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background After 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic and zero-COVID policy, a rapid increase in the number of daily COVID-19 infections was observed in China from November to December 2022. Therefore, we decided to analyze the factors that have been related to the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods The multiple factor analysis was conducted, using the data from publicly available databases from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic to 30 January 2023. Results Our study showed that each year of the pandemic in China had different profiles and can be described by different variables: year 2020 was characterized by restrictions, such as international travel controls, stay at home requirements, and health system policies including contact tracing and protection of older adults; year 2021 was characterized by Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants; 2022 was characterized by new cases per million, Omicron lineages, and a few restrictions-related variables; and year 2023 was mainly described by the number of new deaths per million and Omicron variant 22B (BA.5) but also by testing and vaccination policies, as well as the number of people fully vaccinated per 100 and total boosters per 100. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has changed over time. Therefore, the anti-pandemic policies implemented must be dynamic and adapted to the current situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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Yisak H, Ambaw B, Belay E, Desalegn T, Getie A, Asrat M, Guangul A, Seid T, Zewde EA, Assefa M, Ewunetei A. Knowledge, attitude, acceptance, and practice of COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors complemented with constructs of health belief model among the general public in South Gondar, Ethiopia: A community-based study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:914121. [PMID: 36466498 PMCID: PMC9714612 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.914121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Understanding the epidemiological dynamics of disease control, as well as the effectiveness, compliance, and success of the vaccination program requires an understanding of the local population's knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the Corona Virus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors among the general public. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the South Gondar Zone, among residents above the age of 18 years. The study used objective measures and the constructs of the Health Belief Model. Binary logistic regression was used and the result of the final model was presented in terms of adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and statistical significance was taken and considered at a P-value < 0.05. Results The study was conducted on 1,111 study participants. The mean age is 30.83 ± 7.106. About 575 (51.8%) of the respondents have good knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccination and 43.4% have a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination. About 361 (32.5%) of the respondents were willing to take the vaccine if it is available and 113 (10.2%) of them were vaccinated. Participants with a positive attitude and good knowledge, those with a secondary level of education AOR = 5.70, 95% CI (2.60-12.60), those with a monthly income of >2,000 birr AOR = 6.30, 95% CI (2.50-15.60), those having a television (TV), and those who use Facebook AOR = 17.70, 95% CI (10.10-30.90) had a higher level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. The Health Belief Model's constructs of perceived susceptibility AOR = 1.53, 95% CI (1.26-1.85), perceived benefit AOR = 1.49, 95% CI (1.28-1.75), and cues to action AOR = 0.54, 95% CI (0.45-0.65) were all linked to COVID-19 vaccine acceptability. Conclusion The level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination is much lower. Having a positive attitude score and good knowledge score, level of education, monthly income, presence of TV, the use of Facebook, and knowing the means of transmission of COVID-19 increase the level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwot Yisak
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia,*Correspondence: Hiwot Yisak
| | - Birhanie Ambaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Emaway Belay
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tsion Desalegn
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Adanech Getie
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Meswat Asrat
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asrate Guangul
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Seid
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Edgeit Abebe Zewde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mengesha Assefa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Amien Ewunetei
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Babicki M. Will Bivalent Vaccination against COVID-19 Increase the Desire for COVID-19 Vaccination among Poles? Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101658. [PMID: 36298524 PMCID: PMC9611001 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tduration of persistent protection after vaccination against COVID-19 is the sum of many factors, including the used formulation, the vaccination schedule, individual predisposition, clinical status and the SARS-CoV-2 variant. (There is a tendency that?) vaccination regimens demonstrate lower levels of immunity against the currently predominant Omicron variant, which results in the need for subsequent booster doses. Thus, bivalent formulations have been recently developed to additionally target the Omicron variant. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to assess whether bivalent vaccines would increase interest in vaccination among Poles. For this purpose, an original questionnaire distributed via the Internet and targeting Poles over the age of 18 was used. Results: The survey included 594 respondents, the vast majority of whom were women (79.3%), residents of large cities (44.7%) and those with a university education (86.3%). The average age was 36.6 ± 9.67 years. Only 48.7% of respondents had heard of bivalent vaccination against COVID-19. 408 (72.3%) respondents confirmed that if they had the choice, they would opt for the bivalent preparation. People who have already taken at least 1 booster dose are by far the most common group. Among the unvaccinated, the percentage is only 8.9%. For 190 (33.7%) of respondents, the availability of bivalent preparations will help accelerate their decision to vaccinate against COVID-19. Conclusions: Bivalent vaccination is an important part of the fight against the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is forecasted that its implementation will not contribute significantly to the increase in vaccination-related interest rate among those previously unvaccinated or only after the basic regimen. Therefore further observations in this direction are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Babicki
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-141 Wroclaw, Poland
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