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Chen G, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Zhao F. The impact of risk perception and institutional trust on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2301793. [PMID: 38282324 PMCID: PMC10826627 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2301793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has become the primary means for citizens to prevent severe morbidity and mortality during the pandemic. However, vaccine hesitancy poses a major threat to global public health security. Based on the data from Chinese General Social Survey in 2021, this study aims to explore the socio-political aspects of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, focusing on the relationship between COVID-19 risk perceptions, institutional trust and vaccine hesitancy. Among the samples, 39.8% of the respondents exhibited COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, 48.9% had a high awareness of the risk of COVID-19, and 74.6% presented a high level of trust in institutions. The results showed that higher risk perception and institutional trust are negatively correlated with vaccine hesitancy (p < .001). Institutional trust had no statistically significant moderating effect on the association between risk perception and vaccine hesitancy, but the role of institutional trust in influencing vaccine hesitancy is more significant at a lower level of perceptions of COVID-19 risk. Furthermore, regional variations in the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy were demonstrated in China. These findings have important implications for developing strategies to address vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwu Chen
- Department of Public Administration, School of Public Administration and Emergency Mangement, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiyun Yao
- Department of Public Administration, School of Public Administration and Emergency Mangement, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- The Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Master of Public Administration Education Center, School of Public Administration and Emergency Mangement, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- The Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Master of Public Administration Education Center, School of Public Administration and Emergency Mangement, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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2
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Gialama M, Kleisiaris C, Malliarou M, Papagiannis D, Papathanasiou IV, Karavasileiadou S, Almegewly WH, Tsaras K. Validity and Reliability of the Greek Version of Adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale in Terms of Dispositional Optimism in a Community-Dwelling Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1460. [PMID: 39120164 PMCID: PMC11311501 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12151460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is an important public health issue referring to concerns about the safety and efficacy of vaccination. Within a framework, this study aimed to assess the cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Greek version of the adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (aVHS) as well as to identify the determinants of vaccine hesitancy among a large regional population in central Greece. A cross-sectional study was conducted enrolling 300 adults who had received primary healthcare services in the Health Centers and Local Health Units of the Magnesia Region from October to December 2022. The aVHS and the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) were used to identify vaccine hesitancy and the dispositional level of optimism, respectively. For survey translation, the procedure of forward and backward translation was followed. Also, the aVHS was tested in a pilot study with a sample of 18 responders. Construct validity and internal consistency reliability were investigated via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficients, respectively. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were used to determine predictors for vaccine hesitancy. Factor analyses indicated that the aVHS comprises two constructs ("lack of confidence" and "risk perception") explaining 68.9% of the total variance. The Cronbach's alpha of the total scale was 0.884, indicating its high internal consistency. Participants who lived in rural areas, had a lower annual income, and reported a lower level of optimism showed a higher lack of confidence in vaccination. On the other hand, people aged above 45 years old who had graduated from high school or elementary school and were unemployed showed greater aversion to the risks of side effects. Finally, certain socio-demographic characteristics were associated with vaccine hesitancy. Our data suggest that the aVHS is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring vaccine-related attitudes and perceptions in Greek society, providing meaningful insight into designing vaccination-related preventive interventions in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Gialama
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos Kleisiaris
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Malliarou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papagiannis
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioanna V Papathanasiou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Savvato Karavasileiadou
- Department of Community and Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Hamad Almegewly
- Department of Community and Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Konstantinos Tsaras
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Ge P, Tan C, Liu JX, Cai Q, Zhao SQ, Hong WY, Liu KM, Qi JL, Hu C, Yu WL, Li YM, You Y, Guo JH, Hao MY, Chen Y, Pan LT, Liu DY, Yan MY, Zhang JZ, Li QY, Sun BY, Han X, Mo F, Wu YB, Bian Y. Prevalence of subthreshold depression and its related factors in Chinese college students: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32595. [PMID: 38988518 PMCID: PMC11233893 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prevalence of subthreshold depression among Chinese college students and to explore the related factors. Methods The research subjects were Chinese college students participating in the "2022 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents (PBICR-2022)". Data on respondents' general characteristics, quality of life, perceived pressure, family communication, perceived social support, self-efficacy, and depression status were gathered. To investigate the association between each variable and the risk of subthreshold depression, statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and rank sum tests were conducted. Furthermore, a binary stepwise logistic regression was employed to establish the regression model of the factors related to subthreshold depression among Chinese college students. Results A prevalence of subthreshold depression of about 39.7 % was found among the 8934 respondents. Logistic regression analysis revealed that respondents who are female, have chronic diseases, are in debt, experience significant impacts from epidemic control policies, have lower self-assessed quality of life, experience challenges in family communication, perceive lower social support, have lower self-efficacy, and feel higher perceived pressure are more likely to develop subthreshold depression compared to the control group. (P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of subthreshold depression among Chinese college students was found to be approximately 40 %. Female college students suffering from chronic diseases, with households in debt, greatly impacted by epidemic control policies, and experiencing high perceived stress, may be at risk for subthreshold depression among Chinese college students. On the other hand, strong family communication, perceived social support, and self-efficacy were identified as potential protective factors. In order to facilitate timely screening, diagnosis, and treatment of subthreshold depression in Chinese college students, it is crucial for the government, local communities, colleges, and families to prioritize the mental health of college students and implement targeted measures accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Ge
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Tan
- School of Government, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-xin Liu
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Cai
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Wen-ying Hong
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Kun-meng Liu
- Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia-le Qi
- School of Journalism&Communication, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Zijin College of Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-li Yu
- School for Sports Humanities and Social Science, Jilin Sport University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-miao Li
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan You
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jin-han Guo
- Department of Economics, Belarus State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Yang Chen
- College of Clinical Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lu-tong Pan
- School of Public Health, ShanDong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Di-yue Liu
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Meng-yao Yan
- School of Health Policy and Management, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-zi Zhang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi-yu Li
- School of Humanities and Health Management, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Bo-ya Sun
- Zhejiang University of Media and Communication, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Han
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sat University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Fuer Mo
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yi-bo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Bian
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Natalia YA, Delporte M, De Witte D, Beutels P, Dewatripont M, Molenberghs G. Assessing the impact of COVID-19 passes and mandates on disease transmission, vaccination intention, and uptake: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2279. [PMID: 37978472 PMCID: PMC10656887 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Policymakers have struggled to maintain SARS-CoV-2 transmission at levels that are manageable to contain the COVID-19 disease burden while enabling a maximum of societal and economic activities. One of the tools that have been used to facilitate this is the so-called "COVID-19 pass". We aimed to document current evidence on the effectiveness of COVID-19 passes, distinguishing their indirect effects by improving vaccination intention and uptake from their direct effects on COVID-19 transmission measured by the incidence of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. METHODS We performed a scoping review on the scientific literature of the proposed topic covering the period January 2021 to September 2022, in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews. RESULTS Out of a yield of 4,693 publications, 45 studies from multiple countries were retained for full-text review. The results suggest that implementing COVID-19 passes tends to reduce the incidence of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths due to COVID-19. The use of COVID-19 passes was also shown to improve overall vaccination uptake and intention, but not in people who hold strong anti-COVID-19 vaccine beliefs. CONCLUSION The evidence from the literature we reviewed tends to indicate positive direct and indirect effects from the use of COVID-19 passes. A major limitation to establishing this firmly is the entanglement of individual effects of multiple measures being implemented simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaux Delporte
- I-BioStat, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries De Witte
- I-BioStat, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Beutels
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mathias Dewatripont
- I3h, ECARES and Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Molenberghs
- I-BioStat, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- I-BioStat, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Özer Ö, Budak F, Alp S. Is Vaccine Hesitancy Affected by Distrust in the Healthcare System? A Study in Turkish Population. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 38:323-333. [PMID: 36573614 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2022.2160855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the perception of distrust in the healthcare system on vaccine hesitancy and to determine the association between the sociodemographic characters of the participants and their perception of distrust and their vaccine hesitancy. The population consisted of individuals who were 20 years old and above and were residing in Turkey. A total of 986 people participated in the study. The data were collected through a questionnaire that was prepared on Google Forms. As a result of the regression analysis, distrust in the healthcare system explained 20.7% of total variance in vaccine hesitancy and an increase in the perception of distrust in the healthcare system statistically increased the vaccine hesitancy. In the study, it was also determined that the participants' perceptions of distrust in the healthcare system caused statistically significant differences based on the variables of marital status, employment status, alcohol consumption, age, education level and income level. It was revealed that the participants' perceptions of vaccine hesitancy caused a statistically significant difference only based on age and the frequency of applying to the health institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Özer
- Faculty of Gulhane Health Sciences, Department of Healthcare Management, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Budak
- Yusuf Serefoglu Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Healthcare Management, Kilis 7 Aralık University, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Servet Alp
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Healthcare Management, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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Afshari P, Alavi SM, Abedi P, Beheshtinasab M, Dashtpayma S, Amiri H. Exploring the underlying factors of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in Ahvaz, Iran: a comprehensive cross-sectional study. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2023; 12:127-133. [PMID: 37214142 PMCID: PMC10193107 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2023.12.2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Around 70% of the Iranian population had received two doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines by the end of 2021. In this study, we evaluated the reasons for vaccination refusal among people in Ahvaz, Iran. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, 800 participants (400 vaccinated and 400 unvaccinated) were recruited. A demographic questionnaire was completed through interviews. The unvaccinated participants were asked about the reasons for their refusal. The Shapiro-Wilk test, independent t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression were used for analyzing data. Results Older people were 1.018 times more likely to refrain from vaccination (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001-1.039; p=043). People who were manual workers as well as those who were unemployed/housewives were 0.288 and 0.423 times less likely to receive vaccination, respectively. Those with high school education and married women were 0.319 and 0.280 times less likely to receive vaccination, respectively (95% CI, 198-0.515; p<0.001; 95% CI, 0.186-0.422; p<0.001). Participants who had hypertension or suffered from neurological disorders were more likely to receive the vaccination. Finally, people affected with severe COVID-19 infection were 3.157 times more likely to get vaccinated (95% CI, 1.672-5.961; p<0.001). Conclusion The results of this study showed that lower level of education and older age were contributed to reluctance for vaccination, while having chronic diseases or being already infected with severe COVID-19 infection were associated with more acceptance of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorandokht Afshari
- Midwifery Department, Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Alavi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parvin Abedi
- Midwifery Department, Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Beheshtinasab
- Midwifery Department, Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shohreh Dashtpayma
- Midwifery Department, Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Homayon Amiri
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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7
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Ge P, Zhang ZW, Zhang JZ, Lyu K, Niu YY, Tong YT, Xiong P, Ling R, Li QY, Yu WL, Min HW, Deng YQ, Wang YJ, Sun XN, Sun XY, Yu L, Wu YB. The self-medication behaviors of residents and the factors related to the consideration of drug efficacy and safety-A cross-sectional study in China. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1072917. [PMID: 36925637 PMCID: PMC10011170 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1072917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs facilitates residents self-medication. However, inappropriate self-medications have become a serious problem in China and even all over the world. Objectives: To make an investigation on the current status of Chinese residents' self-medication behaviors and important considerations, and to explore the factors related to the considerations of drug efficacy and safety. Design: A quantitative, cross-sectional study. Methods: Multi-stage sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional investigation in China 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government. State that an interviewer-administrated questionnaire, was used for data collection. The questionnaire that was used in the investigation included demographic sociological characteristics, health literacy scale-short form (HLS-SF), the 10-item Big Five Inventory (BFI-10), the EuroQol-5D visual analogue scale (EQ-5D VAS), self-medication status and important considerations when self-medicating. Descriptive statistics were performed, and the Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis. Log-binomial regression was used for multivariate analysis on whether residents regard drug efficacy or safety as an important consideration. Results: 9256 respondents were included in the data analysis. The self-medication rate of Chinese adults was as high as 99.1%. Paracetamol and other analgesics were the most common types of OTC medication that respondents purchased, followed by vitamins/minerals. Medical staff recommendations, drug safety and efficacy were the top three important considerations. The residents in the east, central and western regions who consider safety is 63.5%, 61.5%, and 66.8% respectively. The proportion of curative effect was 60.2%, 55.7%, and 61.4% respectively. Log-binomial regression showed that western respondents, retired people, those who mainly used ways including basic medical insurance for employees, commercial medical insurance, free medical treatment to cover their medical cost, respondents with high neuroticism, high health literacy were more likely to consider drug safety as an important factor (p < 0.05). Eastern respondents, employed, main way of medical expenses borne was Out-of-pocket Payment, those with chronic disease were more likely to consider drug efficacy as an important factor (p < 0.05). Female, respondents with high levels of agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and self-rated health status were more likely to regard both drug safety and efficacy as important considerations (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Self-medication is practiced by most Chinese adults. Whether Chinese adults take drug efficacy or safety as an important consideration is related to their demographic and sociological characteristics, Big Five personality characteristics, health literacy and self-assessed health status. There is a need to strengthen the management of OTC drugs and public education about self-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Ge
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Zi Zhang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ke Lyu
- China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Yao Niu
- Department of English, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yu-Ting Tong
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Xiong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Rong Ling
- Jilin University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi-Yu Li
- School of Humanities and management, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wen-Li Yu
- School of Foreign Languages, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, China
| | - He-Wei Min
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qian Deng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Jia Wang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Sun
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin-Ying Sun
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Yu
- Health Care system Reform and Development Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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8
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Ge P, Li Q, Dong M, Niu Y, Han X, Xiong P, Bao Y, Min H, Liu D, Wang S, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Yu W, Sun X, Yu L, Wu Y. Self-medication in Chinese residents and the related factors of whether or not they would take suggestions from medical staff as an important consideration during self-medication. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1074559. [PMID: 36620260 PMCID: PMC9814121 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1074559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the status of Chinese residents' self-medication behavior and the important factors to consider when purchasing OTC drugs, and to explore the related factors of the possibility that Chinese residents take medical staff's suggestions as important factors to consider when purchasing OTC drugs. Study design A cross-sectional survey. Methods A questionnaire was developed for exploring the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, their self-medication status, and important considerations. The questionnaire includes several scales including Health Literacy Scale-Short Form (HLS-SF), EQ-5D Visual Analog Scale (EQ-5D-VAS), Big Five Inventary-10 Items (BFI-10), and New General Self Efficacy Scale (NGSES). After carrying out a multi-stage sampling method, the questionnaire was conducted nationwide from July 10 to September 15, 2021. Next, descriptive statistics were conducted to analyze the general features. Logistic regression was then used to analyze the related factors of the possibility that the respondents took the suggestions of medical staff as an important consideration when purchasing OTC drugs. Results Nine thousand two hundred fifty-six qualified questionnaires were received. 99.06% of Chinese adults had self-medication behaviors. The types of OTC drugs purchased most by the respondents were NSAIDs (5,421/9,256 people, 58.57%) and vitamins/minerals (4,851/9,256 people, 52.41%). 86.2% of the respondents took the suggestions of medical staff as an important consideration when purchasing OTC drugs. The results of multi-factor logistic regression showed that women, those living in the central and western regions of China, those suffering from chronic diseases, those with high agreeableness, high conscientiousness, high neuroticism and openness, high health literacy, high EQ-5D-VAS, and those with high self-efficacy are more likely to take medical staff's suggestions as important factors to consider. Conclusion The vast majority of Chinese adults have self-medication behavior. Important considerations when purchasing OTC drugs include medical staff's suggestions, drug safety and drug efficacy. Whether residents take the suggestions of medical staff as an important consideration is related to their sociological characteristics, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness, health literacy, self-assessment health status, and self-efficacy. When purchasing and using OTC drugs, residents should carefully listen to the suggestions from medical staff. They should also carefully consider their own conditions before buying OTC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Ge
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qiyu Li
- School of Humanities and Health Management, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Murong Dong
- Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuyao Niu
- Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sat University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ping Xiong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuhan Bao
- Health Clinic, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Hewei Min
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Diyue Liu
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Suqi Wang
- School of Philosophy, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinzi Zhang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenli Yu
- School of Foreign Languages, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, China
| | - Xinying Sun
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Yu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,*Correspondence: Lian Yu ✉
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,Yibo Wu ✉
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9
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Zhang Z, Ge P, Yan M, Niu Y, Liu D, Xiong P, Li Q, Zhang J, Yu W, Sun X, Liu Z, Wu Y. Self-Medication Behaviors of Chinese Residents and Consideration Related to Drug Prices and Medical Insurance Reimbursement When Self-Medicating: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13754. [PMID: 36360638 PMCID: PMC9656509 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-medication has become a common phenomenon. Economic factors are important factors that affect the self-medication of residents. This study aimed to investigate the current status of self-medication behaviors in China and explored the related factors affecting considerations associated with medical insurance reimbursement or drug price in self-medication. METHODS A national cross-sectional investigation was conducted among Chinese people over 18 years old under a multi-stage sampling method through a questionnaire, which includes demographic sociological characteristics, self-medication behaviors and scales. The Chi-square test was used to analyze whether the respondents consider medical insurance reimbursement or drug price as an important factor when purchasing over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Logistic regression was used to examine the associated factors of considering medical insurance reimbursement or drug price. RESULTS In total, 9256 respondents were included in this study; 37.52% of the respondents regarded drug prices as an important consideration, and 28.53% of the respondents attached great importance to medical insurance reimbursement. Elderly respondents who lived in the central region, had medical insurance, and had lower levels of health literacy were more likely to consider the medical insurance reimbursement, while respondents with high monthly family income as well as students were less likely to consider the same issue (p < 0.05). Respondents settled in the central and western regions, students, those without fixed occupations, those who suffered from chronic diseases, or those with lower health literacy were more likely to consider drug prices, while the respondents with bachelor degrees, urban population and high per capita monthly income were less likely to consider the drug prices (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Self-medication behaviors with OTC drugs were prevalent in China, and consideration factors of medical insurance reimbursement or drug prices were related to socio-demographic characteristics and health literacy. There is a need to take measures to reduce the economic burden of self-medication, improve the health literacy of residents and strengthen public health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pu Ge
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Mengyao Yan
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Yuyao Niu
- Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Diyue Liu
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Ping Xiong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Qiyu Li
- School of Humanities and Management, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Jinzi Zhang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Wenli Yu
- School of Foreign Languages, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China
| | - Xinying Sun
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhizhong Liu
- School of Finance and Trade, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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10
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Kalayou MH, Awol SM. Myth and Misinformation on COVID-19 Vaccine: The Possible Impact on Vaccination Refusal Among People of Northeast Ethiopia: A Community-Based Research. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2022; 15:1859-1868. [PMID: 36213385 PMCID: PMC9534150 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s366730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To prevent the spread of COVID-19 and carry out a successful vaccination program especially in low-income countries, people must have faith on scientists and health experts. The most significant challenge to vaccination programs’ efficacy is now regarded to be a lack of information and trust in immunization due to myths and misinformation spread in the community. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the myth and misconceptions that are propagated about the COVID-19 vaccine, the refusal rate of the vaccine and determine the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine refusal. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 7 to January 25, 2022. Face-to-face interviews with a standardized questionnaire were used to collect data on the variables. Data were entered into the statistical tool Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression, both bivariable and multivariable, was conducted. In the multivariable binary logistic regression model, the adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistically significant factors based on a p value less than 0.05. Results Out of the total 574 respondents, 60.3% [95% CI (55.5, 64.2)] of them refused to take COVID-19 vaccine. In this study, respondent’s age [AOR = 2.1 at 95% CI: (1.8, 4.9)], perception on COVID-19 vaccine [AOR = 3.0 at 95 CI: (1.9, 4.6)], eHealth literacy [AOR = 2.7 at 95% CI: (1.7, 4.1)], source of information about the vaccine [AOR = 2.9 at 95% CI: (1.9, 4.4)], computer literacy [AOR = 2.8 at 95 CI: (1.8, 4.2)] and frequency of internet use [AOR = 2.2 at 95 CI: (1.8, 5.3)] were identified as determinant factors for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Conclusion Factors like eHealth literacy, source of information about the vaccine, frequency of internet use, respondent’s perception about the vaccine and computer literacy were found to be determinant factors for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Hayelom Kalayou
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Mulugeta Hayelom Kalayou, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia, Email
| | - Shekur Mohammed Awol
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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11
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Moeed A, Najeeb H, Saleem A, Asghar MS, Rafi HM, Khattak AK, Bilal Z, Seboka BT. Willingness and Perceptions Regarding COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose in Pakistani Vaccinated Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Front Public Health 2022; 10:911518. [PMID: 35844859 PMCID: PMC9279681 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.911518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was conducted to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine booster dose willingness and identify predictors and factors of willingness and hesitance in the vaccinated population of Pakistan. Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey was undertaken between January and February 2022 to highlight the public perceptions regarding the COVID-19 booster dose and evaluate the willingness to get the additional dose. Demographic information and booster dose willingness were recorded through the questionnaire. Additionally, a 5-point Likert scale was employed to explore fears and beliefs regarding COVID-19 vaccinations. Univariate and multivariate regression was performed to identify booster dose willingness and hesitance factors. Results Of the 787 respondents, 69.6% were females, 75.3% fell in the 18–30 years age group, 53.5% were university students or had a Bachelor's degree. Overall, a 77.8% booster dose willingness was reported. Participants showed absence or low fear levels associated with a booster dose (47.3%). 60.1% agreed it was safe to receive an additional vaccine dose, with 44.1% agreeing that boosters are effective against coronavirus variants. Independent predictors of willingness included the absence of comorbidities, whereas not being willing to pay for the booster dose was a predictor of hesitance. Conclusion This study showed a suboptimal willingness level of booster dose uptake among the vaccinated Pakistani population. Public health policymakers must undertake necessary awareness campaigns to strategize vaccination drives and dispel myths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Moeed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hala Najeeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arisha Saleem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Hania Mansoor Rafi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Zoha Bilal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Binyam Tariku Seboka
- School of Public Health, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Binyam Tariku Seboka
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