Circ-CUL2/microRNA-888-5p/RB1CC1 axis participates in cisplatin resistance in NSCLC via repressing cell advancement

Deciphering the impact of circRNA-mediated autophagy on tumor therapeutic resistance: a novel perspective

Cancer therapeutic resistance remains a significant challenge in the pursuit of effective treatment strategies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, have recently emerged as key regulators of various biological processes, including cancer progression and drug resistance. This review highlights the emerging role of circRNAs-mediated autophagy in cancer therapeutic resistance, a cellular process that plays a dual role in cancer by promoting both cell survival and death. Increasing evidence suggests that circRNAs can modulate autophagy pathways, thereby influencing the response of cancer cells to therapeutic agents. In this context, the intricate interplay between circRNAs, autophagy, and therapeutic resistance is explored. Various mechanisms are discussed through which circRNAs can impact autophagy, including direct interactions with autophagy-related genes, modulation of signaling pathways, and cross-talk with other non-coding RNAs. Furthermore, the review delves into specific examples of how circRNA-mediated autophagy regulation can contribute to resistance against chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Understanding these intricate molecular interactions provides valuable insights into potential strategies for overcoming therapeutic resistance in cancer. Exploiting circRNAs as therapeutic targets or utilizing them as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers opens new avenues for developing personalized treatment approaches. In summary, this review underscores the importance of circRNA-mediated autophagy in cancer therapeutic resistance and proposes future directions for research in this exciting and rapidly evolving field.

Circ_0030411 aggravates cisplatin-resistance in non-small cell lung cancer by serving as a miR-495-3p sponge to enhance CCND1 expression

Circular RNAsplay important modulators in cisplatin (DDP) resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, the role and mechanism of circ_0030411 in DDP-resistant NSCLC was explored. Circ_0030411, miR-495-3p, CCND1, PCNA, Bax, E-cadherin, and ki-67 expression were examined byqRT-PCR, western blot and IHC. DDP resistance, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and motility were assessed usingCCK, EdU flow cytometry, and transwell. Xenograft tumour model was established to explore the role of circ_0030411 in DDP-resistant NSCLC. Interaction between miR-495-3p and circ_0030411 or CCND1 wasverified via luciferase reporterand RIP. Circ_0030411 and CCND1 were increased in DDP-resistant NSCLC tissues and cells, andmiR-495-3p level was decreased. Circ_0030411 knockdown hindered cell growth, migration, invasion, in DDP-resistant NSCLC cells, and improved DDP sensitivityof NSCLC in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_0030411 acted as a sponge of miR-495-3p to affect CCND1expression. Circ_0030411 facilitated DDP resistance by regulating the miR-495-3p/CCND1 axis, highlighting a promising target for NSCLC patients.

Hsa_circ_0003489 Drives PTX Resistance of Human NSCLC Cells Through Modulating miR-98-5p/IGF2

Background

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) demonstrated critical roles within developing tumors and treatment resistance in an increasing body of research. The aim was to look into the functions and processes of hsa_circ_0003489 in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) paclitaxel (PTX) resistance.

Methods

NSCLC cell-based cultures including A549 and H460 were employed for such an investigation. hsa_circ_0003489, miR-98-5p, and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) expression-profiles were evaluated with a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The PTX resistance was determined using MTT assay, and the ELISA test measured IGF2 expression. Facilitating corroboration for miR-98-5p relation and hsa_circ_0003489 or IGF2, a dual-luciferase reporter method was applied.

Results

The hsa_circ_0003489 level was raised in cells and tissues from PTX-resistant (PR) NSCLC. In PR NSCLC cells, hsa_circ_0003489 knockdown reduced PTX resistance. For the purpose of the mechanism study, hsa_circ_0003489 knockdown substantially reduced IGF2 expression via miR-98-5p sponging, improving PTX sensitivity in PR NSCLC.

Conclusion

Through miR-98-5p/IGF2 axis control, hsa_circ_0003489 knockdown helped NSCLC overcome PTX resistance, suggesting a potential circRNA-targeted therapy for the disease.

Regulatory miRNAs in cancer cell recovery from therapy exposure and its implications as a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing disease recurrence

The desired outcome of cancer therapies is the eradication of disease. This can be achieved when therapy exposure leads to therapy-induced cancer cell death as the dominant outcome. Theoretically, a permanent therapy-induced growth arrest could also contribute to a complete response, which has the potential to lead to remission. However, preclinical models have shown that therapy-induced growth arrest is not always durable, as recovering cancer cell populations can contribute to the recurrence of cancer. Significant research efforts have been expended to develop strategies focusing on the prevention of recurrence. Recovery of cells from therapy exposure can occur as a result of several cell stress adaptations. These include cytoprotective autophagy, cellular quiescence, a reversable form of senescence, and the suppression of apoptosis and necroptosis. It is well documented that microRNAs regulate the response of cancer cells to anti-cancer therapies, making targeting microRNAs therapeutically a viable strategy to sensitization and the prevention of recovery. We propose that the use of microRNA-targeting therapies in prolonged sequence, that is, a significant period after initial therapy exposure, could reduce toxicity from the standard combination strategy, and could exploit new epigenetic states essential for cancer cells to recover from therapy exposure. In a step toward supporting this strategy, we survey the available scientific literature to identify microRNAs which could be targeted in sequence to eliminate residual cancer cell populations that were arrested as a result of therapy exposure. It is our hope that by successfully identifying microRNAs which could be targeted in sequence we can prevent disease recurrence.

circPTPN12 promotes the progression and sunitinib resistance of renal cancer via hnRNPM/IL-6/STAT3 pathway

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by the difficulties in early diagnosis and the propensity to metastases. For advanced RCC, sunitinib targeted therapy is the clinically recommended first-line drug and the major challenge of sunitinib treatment is adaptive resistance. Therefore, it is imperative to research the mechanisms underlying sunitinib resistance. In this study, we discovered that circPTPN12 was highly expressed in RCC tissues and was associated with poorer clinical outcomes. circPTPN12 could promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, and sunitinib resistance of RCC cells. Mechanistically, circPTPN12 was found to form a complex with hnRNPM, which was involved in the regulation of mRNA processing. The combination with circPTPN12 enhanced the ability of hnRNPM to maintain the stability of IL-6 mRNA and further activated the STAT3 signaling pathway. The study revealed that circPTPN12/hnRNPM/IL-6/STAT3 axis promoted RCC progression and sunitinib resistance, which might be a promising therapeutic target for relieving sunitinib resistance in RCC.

The emerging role of circular RNAs in drug resistance of non-small cell lung cancer

Due to the characteristics of aggressiveness and high risk of postoperative recurrence, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a serious hazard to human health, accounting for 85% of all lung cancer cases. Drug therapies, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, are effective treatments for NSCLC in clinics. However, most patients ultimately develop drug resistance, which is also the leading cause of treatment failure in cancer. To date, the mechanisms of drug resistance have yet to be fully elucidated, thus original strategies are developed to overcome this issue. Emerging studies have illustrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in the generation of therapeutic resistance in NSCLC. CircRNAs mediate the modulations of immune cells, cytokines, autophagy, ferroptosis and metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which play essential roles in the generation of drug resistance of NSCLC. More importantly, circRNAs function as miRNAs sponges to affect specific signaling pathways, directly leading to the generation of drug resistance. Consequently, this review highlights the mechanisms underlying the relationship between circRNAs and drug resistance in NSCLC. Additionally, several therapeutic drugs associated with circRNAs are summarized, aiming to provide references for circRNAs serving as potential therapeutic targets in overcoming drug resistance in NSCLC.

Circular RNA circ_0002360 regulates the Taxol resistance and malignant behaviors of Taxol-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells by microRNA-585-3p-dependent modulation of G protein regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1

Drug resistance has become the major obstacle for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are tightly linked to the development of drug resistance of NSCLC. Herein, we tested the function of circ_0002360 in the Taxol resistance of NSCLC. Circ_0002360, microRNA (miR)-585-3p and G protein regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1 (GPRIN1) were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). To identify the circular structure of circ_0002360, RNase R digestion was applied. To detect cell proliferation, colony formation and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays were used. For assessment of cell apoptosis, flow cytometry was adopted. For motility and invasion analyses, transwell assay was employed. Our data showed that circ_0002360 was mainly located in the cytoplasm and was highly expressed in the Taxol-resistant NSCLC. Silencing of circ_0002360 inhibited cell Taxol resistance, proliferation, motility, and invasiveness and induced apoptosis in vitro. MiR-585-3p was underexpressed in Taxol-resistant NSCLC and was targeted by circ_0002360. MiR-585-3p knockdown alleviated the influence of circ_0002360 silence on Taxol-resistant cells. GPRIN1 was directly targeted by miR-585-3p. The influence of miR-585-3p on cell Taxol resistance and functional behaviors was reversed by GPRIN1 overexpression. Moreover, circ_0002360 modulated GPRIN1 through miR-585-3p. Additionally, silencing of circ_0002360 weakened the growth of xenografts in vivo. Our study demonstrated that silencing of circ_0002360 enhanced the Taxol sensitivity and suppressed the malignant behaviors of Taxol-resistant NSCLC cells by miR-585-3p/GPRIN1 axis, providing novel targets for improving the anti-tumor efficacy of Taxol in NSCLC.