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Zhang N, Liu F, Zhao Y, Sun X, Wen B, Lu JQ, Yan C, Li D. Defect in degradation of glycogenin-exposed residual glycogen in lysosomes is the fundamental pathomechanism of Pompe disease. J Pathol 2024; 263:8-21. [PMID: 38332735 DOI: 10.1002/path.6255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disorder that preferentially affects muscles, and it is caused by GAA mutation coding acid alpha-glucosidase in lysosome and glycophagy deficiency. While the initial pathology of Pompe disease is glycogen accumulation in lysosomes, the special role of the lysosomal pathway in glycogen degradation is not fully understood. Hence, we investigated the characteristics of accumulated glycogen and the mechanism underlying glycophagy disturbance in Pompe disease. Skeletal muscle specimens were obtained from the affected sites of patients and mouse models with Pompe disease. Histological analysis, immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescence assay, and lysosome isolation were utilized to analyze the characteristics of accumulated glycogen. Cell culture, lentiviral infection, and the CRISPR/Cas9 approach were utilized to investigate the regulation of glycophagy accumulation. We demonstrated residual glycogen, which was distinguishable from mature glycogen by exposed glycogenin and more α-amylase resistance, accumulated in the skeletal muscle of Pompe disease. Lysosome isolation revealed glycogen-free glycogenin in wild type mouse lysosomes and variously sized glycogenin in Gaa-/- mouse lysosomes. Our study identified that a defect in the degradation of glycogenin-exposed residual glycogen in lysosomes was the fundamental pathological mechanism of Pompe disease. Meanwhile, glycogenin-exposed residual glycogen was absent in other glycogen storage diseases caused by cytoplasmic glycogenolysis deficiencies. In vitro, the generation of residual glycogen resulted from cytoplasmic glycogenolysis. Notably, the inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase led to a reduction in glycogenin-exposed residual glycogen and glycophagy accumulations in cellular models of Pompe disease. Therefore, the lysosomal hydrolysis pathway played a crucial role in the degradation of residual glycogen into glycogenin, which took place in tandem with cytoplasmic glycogenolysis. These findings may offer a novel substrate reduction therapeutic strategy for Pompe disease. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Fuchen Liu
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yuying Zhao
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Bing Wen
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jian-Qiang Lu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Neuropathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Duoling Li
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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Settembre C, Perera RM. Lysosomes as coordinators of cellular catabolism, metabolic signalling and organ physiology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:223-245. [PMID: 38001393 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Every cell must satisfy basic requirements for nutrient sensing, utilization and recycling through macromolecular breakdown to coordinate programmes for growth, repair and stress adaptation. The lysosome orchestrates these key functions through the synchronised interplay between hydrolytic enzymes, nutrient transporters and signalling factors, which together enable metabolic coordination with other organelles and regulation of specific gene expression programmes. In this Review, we discuss recent findings on lysosome-dependent signalling pathways, focusing on how the lysosome senses nutrient availability through its physical and functional association with mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and how, in response, the microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) transcription factors exert feedback regulation on lysosome biogenesis. We also highlight the emerging interactions of lysosomes with other organelles, which contribute to cellular homeostasis. Lastly, we discuss how lysosome dysfunction contributes to diverse disease pathologies and how inherited mutations that compromise lysosomal hydrolysis, transport or signalling components lead to multi-organ disorders with severe metabolic and neurological impact. A deeper comprehension of lysosomal composition and function, at both the cellular and organismal level, may uncover fundamental insights into human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Sánchez-Porras V, Guevara-Morales JM, Echeverri-Peña OY. From Acid Alpha-Glucosidase Deficiency to Autophagy: Understanding the Bases of POMPE Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12481. [PMID: 37569856 PMCID: PMC10419125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease (PD) is caused by mutations in the GAA gene, which encodes the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase, causing lysosomal glycogen accumulation, mainly in muscular tissue. Autophagic buildup is considered the main factor affecting skeletal muscle, although other processes are also involved. Uncovering how these mechanisms are interconnected could be an approximation to address long-lasting concerns, like the differential skeletal and cardiac involvement in each clinical phenotype. In this sense, a network reconstruction based on a comprehensive literature review of evidence found in PD enriched with the STRING database and other scientific articles is presented. The role of autophagic lysosome reformation, PGC-1α, MCOLN1, calcineurin, and Keap1 as intermediates between the events involved in the pathologic cascade is discussed and contextualized within their relationship with mTORC1/AMPK. The intermediates and mechanisms found open the possibility of new hypotheses and questions that can be addressed in future experimental studies of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johana Maria Guevara-Morales
- Instituto de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 # 43-82, Ed. 54, Lab 303A, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Olga Yaneth Echeverri-Peña
- Instituto de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 # 43-82, Ed. 54, Lab 303A, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
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Label-free multiplex electrochemical immunosensor for early diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9334. [PMID: 35662258 PMCID: PMC9167275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pompe, Gaucher and Krabbe disease are lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) which are a group of genetic diseases that causes the accumulation of lipids in tissues and cells. Pompe, Gaucher and Krabbe are characterized by the deficiency of acid α-glucosidase (GAA), β-Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) and galactocerebrosidase (GALC), and treatable if detected in their early stages. Here, we present the fabrication of an electrochemical immunosensor for the multiplexed quantification and simultaneous detection of GAA, GBA and GALC. The sensor was developed by electrodepositing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on an array of carbon electrodes, followed by the immobilization of GAA, GBA and GALC specific antibodies via functionalization with cysteamine and glutaraldehyde. The multiplexed immunosensor was able to successfully detect GAA, GBA and GALC at the femtomolar level with respective low detection limits of 0.12 pg/ml, 0.31 pg/ml and 0.18 pg/ml. The immunosensor showed good selectivity, sensitivity and good recovery when spiked in human serum, which confirms its possible applicability in point-of-care testing for the early diagnosis of LSDs.
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Pervasive occurrence of splice-site-creating mutations and their possible involvement in genetic disorders. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:22. [PMID: 35304488 PMCID: PMC8933504 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for causative mutations in human genetic disorders has mainly focused on mutations that disrupt coding regions or splice sites. Recently, however, it has been reported that mutations creating splice sites can also cause a range of genetic disorders. In this study, we identified 5656 candidate splice-site-creating mutations (SCMs), of which 3942 are likely to be pathogenic, in 4054 genes responsible for genetic disorders. Reanalysis of exome data obtained from ciliopathy patients led us to identify 38 SCMs as candidate causative mutations. We estimate that, by focusing on SCMs, the increase in diagnosis rate is approximately 5.9–8.5% compared to the number of already known pathogenic variants. This finding suggests that SCMs are mutations worth focusing on in the search for causative mutations of genetic disorders.
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Wencel M, Shaibani A, Goyal NA, Dimachkie MM, Trivedi J, Johnson NE, Gutmann L, Wicklund MP, Bandyopadhay S, Genge AL, Freimer ML, Goyal N, Pestronk A, Florence J, Karam C, Ralph JW, Rasheed Z, Hays M, Hopkins S, Mozaffar T. Investigating Late-Onset Pompe Prevalence in Neuromuscular Medicine Academic Practices: The IPaNeMA Study. Neurol Genet 2021; 7:e623. [PMID: 36299500 PMCID: PMC9595038 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We investigated the prevalence of late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) in patients presenting to 13 academic, tertiary neuromuscular practices in the United States and Canada. METHODS All successive patients presenting with proximal muscle weakness or isolated hyperCKemia and/or neck muscle weakness to these 13 centers were invited to participate in the study. Whole blood was tested for acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) assay through the fluorometric method, and all cases with enzyme levels of ≤10 pmoL/punch/h were reflexed to molecular testing for mutations in the GAA gene. Clinical and demographic information was abstracted from their clinical visit and, along with study data, entered into a purpose-built REDCap database, and analyzed at the University of California, Irvine. RESULTS GAA enzyme assay results were available on 906 of the 921 participants who consented for the study. LOPD was confirmed in 9 participants (1% prevalence). Another 9 (1%) were determined to have pseudodeficiency of GAA, whereas 19 (1.9%) were found to be heterozygous for a pathogenic GAA mutation (carriers). Of the definite LOPD participants, 8 (89%) were Caucasian and were heterozygous for the common leaky (IVS1) splice site mutation in the GAA gene (c -32-13T>G), with a second mutation that was previously confirmed to be pathogenic. DISCUSSION The prevalence of LOPD in undiagnosed patients meeting the criteria of proximal muscle weakness, high creatine kinase, and/or neck weakness in academic, tertiary neuromuscular practices in the United States and Canada is estimated to be 1%, with an equal prevalence rate of pseudodeficiency alleles. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Clinical trial registration number: NCT02838368.
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Sidorina A, Catesini G, Levi Mortera S, Marzano V, Putignani L, Boenzi S, Taurisano R, Garibaldi M, Deodato F, Dionisi-Vici C. Combined proteomic and lipidomic studies in Pompe disease allow a better disease mechanism understanding. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:705-717. [PMID: 33325062 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease (PD) is caused by deficiency of the enzyme acid α-glucosidase resulting in glycogen accumulation in lysosomes. Clinical symptoms include skeletal myopathy, respiratory failure, and cardiac hypertrophy. We studied plasma proteomic and lipidomic profiles in 12 PD patients compared to age-matched controls. The proteomic profiles were analyzed by nLC-MS/MS SWATH method. Wide-targeted lipidomic analysis was performed by LC-IMS/MS, allowing to quantify >1100 lipid species, spanning 13 classes. Significant differences were found for 16 proteins, with four showing the most relevant changes (GPLD1, PON1, LDHB, PKM). Lipidomic analysis showed elevated levels of three phosphatidylcholines and of the free fatty acid 22:4, and reduced levels of six lysophosphatidylcholines. Up-regulated glycolytic enzymes (LDHB and PKM) are involved in autophagy and glycogen metabolism, while down-regulated PON1 and GPLD1 combined with lipidomic data indicate an abnormal phospholipid metabolism. Reduced GPLD1 and dysregulation of lipids with acyl-chains characteristic of GPI-anchor structure suggest the potential involvement of GPI-anchor system in PD. Results of proteomic analysis displayed the involvement of multiple cellular functions affecting inflammatory, immune and antioxidant responses, autophagy, Ca2+ -homeostasis, and cell adhesion. The combined multi-omic approach revealed new biosignatures in PD, providing novel insights in disease pathophysiology with potential future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sidorina
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Catesini
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Marzano
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Parasitology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Boenzi
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Taurisano
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Garibaldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs NESMOS, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Deodato
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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8
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Salabarria SM, Nair J, Clement N, Smith BK, Raben N, Fuller DD, Byrne BJ, Corti M. Advancements in AAV-mediated Gene Therapy for Pompe Disease. J Neuromuscul Dis 2020; 7:15-31. [PMID: 31796685 PMCID: PMC7029369 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-190426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease (glycogen storage disease type II) is caused by mutations in acid α-glucosidase (GAA) resulting in lysosomal pathology and impairment of the muscular and cardio-pulmonary systems. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), the only approved therapy for Pompe disease, improves muscle function by reducing glycogen accumulation but this approach entails several limitations including a short drug half-life and an antibody response that results in reduced efficacy. To address these limitations, new treatments such as gene therapy are under development to increase the intrinsic ability of the affected cells to produce GAA. Key components to gene therapy strategies include the choice of vector, promoter, and the route of administration. The efficacy of gene therapy depends on the ability of the vector to drive gene expression in the target tissue and also on the recipient's immune tolerance to the transgene protein. In this review, we discuss the preclinical and clinical studies that are paving the way for the development of a gene therapy strategy for patients with early and late onset Pompe disease as well as some of the challenges for advancing gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Salabarria
- Department of Pediatrics and Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Floria, USA
| | - J Nair
- Department of Pediatrics and Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Floria, USA
| | - N Clement
- Department of Pediatrics and Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Floria, USA
| | - B K Smith
- Department of Physical Therapy and Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - N Raben
- Laboratory of Protein Trafficking and Organelle Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - D D Fuller
- Department of Physical Therapy and Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - B J Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics and Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Floria, USA
| | - M Corti
- Department of Pediatrics and Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Floria, USA
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Schreckenberger ZJ, Wenceslau CF, Joe B, McCarthy CG. Mitophagy in Hypertension-Associated Premature Vascular Aging. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:804-812. [PMID: 32533696 PMCID: PMC7481986 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension has been described as a condition of premature vascular aging, relative to actual chronological age. In fact, many factors that contribute to the deterioration of vascular function as we age are accelerated and exacerbated in hypertension. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms that underlie the aged phenotype of arteries from hypertensive patients and animals remain elusive. Classically, the aged phenotype is the buildup of cellular debris and dysfunctional organelles. One means by which this can occur is insufficient degradation and cellular recycling. Mitophagy is the selective catabolism of damaged mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles that contribute importantly to the determination of cellular age via their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS; Harman's free radical theory of aging). Therefore, the accumulation of dysfunctional and ROS-producing mitochondria could contribute to the acceleration of vascular age in hypertension. This review will address and critically evaluate the current literature on mitophagy in vascular physiology and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Schreckenberger
- Center for Hypertension & Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Camilla F Wenceslau
- Center for Hypertension & Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Bina Joe
- Center for Hypertension & Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Cameron G McCarthy
- Center for Hypertension & Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Stepien KM, Roncaroli F, Turton N, Hendriksz CJ, Roberts M, Heaton RA, Hargreaves I. Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Lysosomal Storage Disorders: A Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082596. [PMID: 32796538 PMCID: PMC7463786 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as an important contributory factor to the pathophysiology of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). The cause of mitochondrial dysfunction in LSDs appears to be multifactorial, although impaired mitophagy and oxidative stress appear to be common inhibitory mechanisms shared amongst these heterogeneous disorders. Once impaired, dysfunctional mitochondria may impact upon the function of the lysosome by the generation of reactive oxygen species as well as depriving the lysosome of ATP which is required by the V-ATPase proton pump to maintain the acidity of the lumen. Given the reported evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in LSDs together with the important symbiotic relationship between these two organelles, therapeutic strategies targeting both lysosome and mitochondrial dysfunction may be an important consideration in the treatment of LSDs. In this review we examine the putative mechanisms that may be responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction in reported LSDs which will be supplemented with morphological and clinical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M. Stepien
- Adult Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK;
| | - Nadia Turton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (N.T.); (R.A.H.); (I.H.)
| | - Christian J. Hendriksz
- Paediatrics and Child Health, Steve Biko Academic Unit, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa;
| | - Mark Roberts
- Neurology Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK;
| | - Robert A. Heaton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (N.T.); (R.A.H.); (I.H.)
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (N.T.); (R.A.H.); (I.H.)
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Abstract
Pompe disease (PD) is caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA), resulting in systemic pathological glycogen accumulation. PD can present with cardiac, skeletal muscle, and central nervous system manifestations, as a continuum of phenotypes among two main forms: classical infantile-onset PD (IOPD) and late-onset PD (LOPD). IOPD is caused by severe GAA deficiency and presents at birth with cardiac hypertrophy, muscle hypotonia, and severe respiratory impairment, leading to premature death, if not treated. LOPD is characterized by levels of residual GAA activity up to ∼20% of normal and presents both in children and adults with a varied severity of muscle weakness and motor and respiratory deficit. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), based on repeated intravenous (i.v.) infusions of recombinant human GAA (rhGAA), represents the only available treatment for PD. Upon more than 10 years from its launch, it is becoming evident that ERT can extend the life span of IOPD and stabilize disease progression in LOPD; however, it does not represent a cure for PD. The limited uptake of the enzyme in key affected tissues and the high immunogenicity of rhGAA are some of the hurdles that limit ERT efficacy. GAA gene transfer with adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors has been shown to reduce glycogen storage and improve the PD phenotype in preclinical studies following different approaches. Here, we present an overview of the different gene therapy approaches for PD, focusing on in vivo gene transfer with AAV vectors and discussing the potential opportunities and challenges in developing safe and effective gene therapies for the disease. Based on emerging safety and efficacy data from clinical trials for other protein deficiencies, in vivo gene therapy with AAV vectors appears to have the potential to provide a therapeutically relevant, stable source of GAA enzyme, which could be highly beneficial in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Colella
- Genethon, Evry, France.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Genethon, Evry, France.,Spark Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Gigliobianco MR, Di Martino P, Deng S, Casadidio C, Censi R. New Advanced Strategies for the Treatment of Lysosomal Diseases Affecting the Central Nervous System. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1933-1950. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190708213159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs), also known as lysosomal diseases (LDs) are a group of serious genetic diseases characterized by not only the accumulation of non-catabolized compounds in the lysosomes due to the deficiency of specific enzymes which usually eliminate these compounds, but also by trafficking, calcium changes and acidification. LDs mainly affect the central nervous system (CNS), which is difficult to reach for drugs and biological molecules due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). While some therapies have proven highly effective in treating peripheral disorders in LD patients, they fail to overcome the BBB. Researchers have developed many strategies to circumvent this problem, for example, by creating carriers for enzyme delivery, which improve the enzyme’s half-life and the overexpression of receptors and transporters in the luminal or abluminal membranes of the BBB. This review aims to successfully examine the strategies developed during the last decade for the treatment of LDs, which mainly affect the CNS. Among the LD treatments, enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT) and gene therapy have proven effective, while nanoparticle, fusion protein, and small molecule-based therapies seem to offer considerable promise to treat the CNS pathology. This work also analyzed the challenges of the study to design new drug delivery systems for the effective treatment of LDs. Polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes are explored from their technological point of view and for the most relevant preclinical studies showing that they are excellent choices to protect active molecules and transport them through the BBB to target specific brain substrates for the treatment of LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Gigliobianco
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Piera Di Martino
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Siyuan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Cristina Casadidio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Roberta Censi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
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Perrone L, Squillaro T, Napolitano F, Terracciano C, Sampaolo S, Melone MAB. The Autophagy Signaling Pathway: A Potential Multifunctional Therapeutic Target of Curcumin in Neurological and Neuromuscular Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081881. [PMID: 31412596 PMCID: PMC6723827 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the major intracellular machinery for degrading proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and organelles. This cellular process is essential for the maintenance of the correct cellular balance in both physiological and stress conditions. Because of its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, dysregulation of autophagy leads to various disease manifestations, such as inflammation, metabolic alterations, aging, and neurodegeneration. A common feature of many neurologic and neuromuscular diseases is the alteration of the autophagy-lysosomal pathways. For this reason, autophagy is considered a target for the prevention and/or cure of these diseases. Dietary intake of polyphenols has been demonstrated to prevent/ameliorate several of these diseases. Thus, natural products that can modulate the autophagy machinery are considered a promising therapeutic strategy. In particular, curcumin, a phenolic compound widely used as a dietary supplement, exerts an important effect in modulating autophagy. Herein, we report on the current knowledge concerning the role of curcumin in modulating the autophagy machinery in various neurological and neuromuscular diseases as well as its role in restoring the autophagy molecular mechanism in several cell types that have different effects on the progression of neurological and neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Perrone
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, 2231 Rue de la Piscine, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Terracciano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Sampaolo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, BioLife Building (015-00)1900 North 12th Street, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6078, USA.
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14
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Lim JA, Meena NK, Raben N. Pros and cons of different ways to address dysfunctional autophagy in Pompe disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:279. [PMID: 31392191 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.03.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a major intracellular self-digestion process that brings cytoplasmic materials to the lysosome for degradation. Defective autophagy has been linked to a broad range of human disorders, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, cardiovascular diseases, and myopathies. In Pompe disease, a severe neuromuscular disorder, disturbances in autophagic process manifest themselves as progressive accumulation of undegraded cellular debris in the diseased muscle cells. A growing body of evidence has connected this defect to the decline in muscle function and muscle resistance to the currently available treatment-enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Both induction and inhibition of autophagy have been tested in pre-clinical studies in a mouse model of the disease. Here, we discuss strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to address autophagic dysfunction in the context of Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-A Lim
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Naresh Kumar Meena
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nina Raben
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Zhao X, Wei S, Li Z, Lin C, Zhu Z, Sun D, Bai R, Qian J, Gao X, Chen G, Xu Z. Autophagic flux blockage in alveolar epithelial cells is essential in silica nanoparticle-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:127. [PMID: 30755584 PMCID: PMC6372720 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been reported to induce pulmonary fibrosis (PF) with an unknown mechanism. Recently, the activation of autophagy, a lysosome-dependent cell degradation pathway, by SiNPs has been identified in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). However, the underlying mechanism and the relevance of SiNPs-induced autophagy to the development of PF remain elusive. Here, we report that autophagy dysfunction and subsequent apoptosis in AECs are involved in SiNPs-induced PF. SiNPs engulfed by AECs enhance autophagosome accumulation and apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, SiNPs block autophagy flux through impairing lysosomal degradation via acidification inhibition. Lysosomal reacidification by cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) significantly enhances autophagic degradation and attenuate apoptosis. Importantly, enhancement of autophagic degradation by rapamycin protects AECs from apoptosis and attenuates SiNPs-induced PF in the mouse model. Altogether, our data demonstrate a repressive effect of SiNPs on lysosomal acidification, contributing to the decreased autophagic degradation in AECs, thus leading to apoptosis and subsequent PF. These findings may provide an improved understanding of SiNPs-induced PF and molecular targets to antagonize it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong Unversity, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Saisai Wei
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, JORCEP (Sino-Swedish Joint Research Center of Photonics), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Desen Sun
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rongpan Bai
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, JORCEP (Sino-Swedish Joint Research Center of Photonics), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiangwei Gao
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Guangdi Chen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Zhengping Xu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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16
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Lim JA, Yi H, Gao F, Raben N, Kishnani PS, Sun B. Intravenous Injection of an AAV-PHP.B Vector Encoding Human Acid α-Glucosidase Rescues Both Muscle and CNS Defects in Murine Pompe Disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 12:233-245. [PMID: 30809555 PMCID: PMC6376130 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pompe disease, a severe and often fatal neuromuscular disorder, is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). The disease is characterized by the accumulation of excess glycogen in the heart, skeletal muscle, and CNS. Currently approved enzyme replacement therapy or experimental adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy has little effect on CNS correction. Here we demonstrate that a newly developed AAV-PHP.B vector can robustly transduce both the CNS and skeletal muscles in GAA-knockout (GAAKO) mice. A single intravenous injection of an AAV-PHP.B vector expressing human GAA under the control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer-chicken β-actin (CB) promoter into 2-week-old GAAKO mice resulted in widespread GAA expression in the affected tissues. Glycogen contents were reduced to wild-type levels in the brain and heart, and they were significantly decreased in skeletal muscle by the AAV treatment. The histological assay showed no visible glycogen in any region of the brain and spinal cord of AAV-treated mice. In this study, we describe a set of behavioral tests that can detect early neurological deficits linked to extensive lysosomal glycogen accumulation in the CNS of untreated GAAKO mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the therapy can help prevent the development of these abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-A Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Haiqing Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Fengqin Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nina Raben
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Priya S Kishnani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Baodong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Favalli V, Serio A, Giuliani LP, Arbustini E. 'Precision and personalized medicine,' a dream that comes true? J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2018; 18 Suppl 1:e1-e6. [PMID: 27661611 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Favalli
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, Policlinico San Matteo, University Hospital, Pavia, Italy
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18
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Lim JA, Sun B, Puertollano R, Raben N. Therapeutic Benefit of Autophagy Modulation in Pompe Disease. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1783-1796. [PMID: 29804932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the pathogenic cascade in lysosomal storage disorders suggests that combination therapy will be needed to target various aspects of pathogenesis. The standard of care for Pompe disease (glycogen storage disease type II), a deficiency of lysosomal acid alpha glucosidase, is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Many patients have poor outcomes due to limited efficacy of the drug in clearing muscle glycogen stores. The resistance to therapy is linked to massive autophagic buildup in the diseased muscle. We have explored two strategies to address the problem. Genetic suppression of autophagy in muscle of knockout mice resulted in the removal of autophagic buildup, increase in muscle force, decrease in glycogen level, and near-complete clearance of lysosomal glycogen following ERT. However, this approach leads to accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, oxidative stress, and exacerbation of muscle atrophy. Another approach involves AAV-mediated TSC knockdown in knockout muscle leading to upregulation of mTOR, inhibition of autophagy, reversal of atrophy, and efficient cellular clearance on ERT. Importantly, this approach reveals the possibility of reversing already established autophagic buildup, rather than preventing its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-A Lim
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Baodong Sun
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Nina Raben
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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19
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Keeler AM, Liu D, Zieger M, Xiong L, Salemi J, Bellvé K, Byrne BJ, Fuller DD, ZhuGe R, ElMallah MK. Airway smooth muscle dysfunction in Pompe ( Gaa-/- ) mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L873-L881. [PMID: 28336814 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00568.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid α-glucosidase (GAA), an enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing lysosomal glycogen. Deficiency of GAA leads to systemic glycogen accumulation in the lysosomes of skeletal muscle, motor neurons, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle and motor neuron pathology are known to contribute to respiratory insufficiency in Pompe disease, but the role of airway pathology has not been evaluated. Here we propose that GAA enzyme deficiency disrupts the function of the trachea and bronchi and this lower airway pathology contributes to respiratory insufficiency in Pompe disease. Using an established mouse model of Pompe disease, the Gaa-/- mouse, we compared histology, pulmonary mechanics, airway smooth muscle (ASM) function, and calcium signaling between Gaa-/- and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Lysosomal glycogen accumulation was observed in the smooth muscle of both the bronchi and the trachea in Gaa-/- but not WT mice. Furthermore, Gaa-/- mice had hyporesponsive airway resistance and bronchial ring contraction to the bronchoconstrictive agents methacholine (MCh) and potassium chloride (KCl) and to a bronchodilator (albuterol). Finally, calcium signaling during bronchiolar smooth muscle contraction was impaired in Gaa-/- mice indicating impaired extracellular calcium influx. We conclude that GAA enzyme deficiency leads to glycogen accumulation in the trachea and bronchi and impairs the ability of lower ASM to regulate calcium and respond appropriately to bronchodilator or constrictors. Accordingly, ASM dysfunction may contribute to respiratory impairments in Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Keeler
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Donghai Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Marina Zieger
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Lang Xiong
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey Salemi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Karl Bellvé
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Barry J Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - David D Fuller
- Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ronghua ZhuGe
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Mai K ElMallah
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; .,Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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20
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Sechi A, Salvadego D, Da Ponte A, Bertin N, Dardis A, Cattarossi S, Devigili G, Reccardini F, Bembi B, Grassi B. Investigation on acute effects of enzyme replacement therapy and influence of clinical severity on physiological variables related to exercise tolerance in patients with late onset Pompe disease. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:542-549. [PMID: 28433478 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exercise intolerance is one of the clinical hallmarks of late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD). We studied the acute effects of ERT on the physiological variables associated with exercise tolerance in patients chronically ERT treated. Moreover, we assessed the influence of clinical severity on the investigated variables. The day before (B) and the day after (A) ERT injection, 11 LOPD patients performed on a cycle-ergometer an exercise tolerance test to voluntary exhaustion; VO2, HR, RPE, and GAA activity were determined in B and A. The disease severity was characterized by Walton scale, 6MWT, and pulmonary function tests. No significant differences in the variables related to exercise tolerance were found in A vs B, despite a significant increase in GAA activity in peripheral lymphocytes. No differences in VO2 peak were observed between patients with only skeletal muscle impairment and patients with both skeletal and respiratory muscle impairment. Distance walked at 6MWT was significantly higher than VO2 peak expressed as percentage of normal values. In conclusion, in LOPD patients the exercise tolerance test is not acutely affected by ERT administration; the peripheral muscle component seems more prominent in determining the VO2 peak decrease than the respiratory component; VO2 peak might be more sensitive than 6MWT in estimating exercise tolerance in LOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Sechi
- Regional Coordinator Center for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Desy Salvadego
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Da Ponte
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Nicole Bertin
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Center for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Cattarossi
- Regional Coordinator Center for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | | | - Bruno Bembi
- Regional Coordinator Center for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Bruno Grassi
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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21
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Abstract
The ability to use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) to model brain diseases is a powerful tool for unraveling mechanistic alterations in these disorders. Rodent models of brain diseases have spurred understanding of pathology but the concern arises that they may not recapitulate the full spectrum of neuron disruptions associated with human neuropathology. iPSC derived neurons, or other neural cell types, provide the ability to access pathology in cells derived directly from a patient's blood sample or skin biopsy where availability of brain tissue is limiting. Thus, utilization of iPSC to study brain diseases provides an unlimited resource for disease modelling but may also be used for drug screening for effective therapies and may potentially be used to regenerate aged or damaged cells in the future. Many brain diseases across the spectrum of neurodevelopment, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric are being approached by iPSC models. The goal of an iPSC based disease model is to identify a cellular phenotype that discriminates the disease-bearing cells from the control cells. In this mini-review, the importance of iPSC cell models validated for pluripotency, germline competency and function assessments is discussed. Selected examples for the variety of brain diseases that are being approached by iPSC technology to discover or establish the molecular basis of the neuropathology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy E McKinney
- iPSC Lab/Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine and The Gibbs Research Institute, Spartanburg, SC, USA
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22
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Wu J, Yang Y, Sun C, Sun S, Li Q, Yao Y, Fei F, Lu L, Chang Z, Zhang W, Wang X, Luo F. Disruption of the gaa Gene in Zebrafish Fails to Generate the Phenotype of Classical Pompe Disease. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:10-17. [PMID: 28045567 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiao Yao
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Fei
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Zhuo Chang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feihong Luo
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Lim CY, Zoncu R. The lysosome as a command-and-control center for cellular metabolism. J Cell Biol 2016; 214:653-64. [PMID: 27621362 PMCID: PMC5021098 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201607005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in every eukaryotic cell. They are widely known as terminal catabolic stations that rid cells of waste products and scavenge metabolic building blocks that sustain essential biosynthetic reactions during starvation. In recent years, this classical view has been dramatically expanded by the discovery of new roles of the lysosome in nutrient sensing, transcriptional regulation, and metabolic homeostasis. These discoveries have elevated the lysosome to a decision-making center involved in the control of cellular growth and survival. Here we review these recently discovered properties of the lysosome, with a focus on how lysosomal signaling pathways respond to external and internal cues and how they ultimately enable metabolic homeostasis and cellular adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Lim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Roberto Zoncu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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24
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Zhu Y, Fenik P, Zhan G, Somach R, Xin R, Veasey S. Intermittent Short Sleep Results in Lasting Sleep Wake Disturbances and Degeneration of Locus Coeruleus and Orexinergic Neurons. Sleep 2016; 39:1601-11. [PMID: 27306266 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Intermittent short sleep (ISS) is pervasive among students and workers in modern societies, yet the lasting consequences of repeated short sleep on behavior and brain health are largely unexplored. Wake-activated neurons may be at increased risk of metabolic injury across sustained wakefulness. METHODS To examine the effects of ISS on wake-activated neurons and wake behavior, wild-type mice were randomized to ISS (a repeated pattern of short sleep on 3 consecutive days followed by 4 days of recovery sleep for 4 weeks) or rested control conditions. Subsets of both groups were allowed a recovery period consisting of 4-week unperturbed activity in home cages with littermates. Mice were examined for immediate and delayed (following recovery) effects of ISS on wake neuron cell metabolics, cell counts, and sleep/wake patterns. RESULTS ISS resulted in sustained disruption of sleep/wake activity, with increased wakefulness during the lights-on period and reduced wake bout duration and wake time during the lights-off period. Noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) and orexinergic neurons showed persistent alterations in morphology, and reductions in both neuronal stereological cell counts and fronto-cortical projections. Surviving wake-activated neurons evidenced persistent reductions in sirtuins 1 and 3 and increased lipofuscin. In contrast, ISS resulted in no lasting injury to the sleep-activated melanin concentrating hormone neurons. CONCLUSIONS Collectively these findings demonstrate for the first time that ISS imparts significant lasting disturbances in sleep/wake activity, degeneration of wake-activated LC and orexinergic neurons, and lasting metabolic changes in remaining neurons most consistent with premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Polina Fenik
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Guanxia Zhan
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rebecca Somach
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ryan Xin
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sigrid Veasey
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
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