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Weiss L, Uhrig W, Kelliher S, Szklanna PB, Prendiville T, Comer SP, Edebiri O, Egan K, Lennon Á, Kevane B, Murphy S, Ní Áinle F, Maguire PB. Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicle cargoes mirror the cardioprotective effects of rivaroxaban in patients with venous thromboembolism. Proteomics Clin Appl 2024:e2300014. [PMID: 38193270 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rivaroxaban, a direct oral factor Xa inhibitor, mediates anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular-protective effects besides its well-established anticoagulant properties; yet, these remain poorly characterized. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered proinflammatory messengers regulating a myriad of (patho)physiological processes and may be highly relevant to the pathophysiology of VTE. The effects of Rivaroxaban on circulating EVs in VTE patients remain unknown. We have established that differential EV biosignatures are found in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation anticoagulated with Rivaroxaban versus warfarin. Here, we investigated whether differential proteomic profiles of circulating EVs could also be found in patients with VTE. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed comparative label-free quantitative proteomic profiling of enriched plasma EVs from VTE patients anticoagulated with either Rivaroxaban or warfarin using a tandem mass spectrometry approach. Of the 182 quantified proteins, six were found to be either exclusive to, or enriched in, Rivaroxaban-treated patients. Intriguingly, these proteins are involved in negative feedback regulation of inflammatory and coagulation pathways, suggesting that EV proteomic signatures may reflect both Rivaroxaban's anti-coagulatory and anti-inflammatory potential. CONCLUSIONS These differences suggest Rivaroxaban may have pleiotropic effects, supporting the reports of its emerging anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular-protective characteristics relative to warfarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Weiss
- UCD Conway SPHERE Research group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wido Uhrig
- UCD Conway SPHERE Research group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Kelliher
- UCD Conway SPHERE Research group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paulina B Szklanna
- UCD Conway SPHERE Research group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tadhg Prendiville
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shane P Comer
- UCD Conway SPHERE Research group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Osasere Edebiri
- UCD Conway SPHERE Research group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karl Egan
- UCD Conway SPHERE Research group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Áine Lennon
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barry Kevane
- UCD Conway SPHERE Research group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Murphy
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala Ní Áinle
- UCD Conway SPHERE Research group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patricia B Maguire
- UCD Conway SPHERE Research group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Woźniak E, Świstek M, Broncel M, Bukowska B, Gorzelak-Pabiś P. The protective effects of empagliflozin on DNA oxidative changes in a model of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells damaged by oxidized cholesterol. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116065. [PMID: 38154272 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes patients often suffer chronic vascular complications resulting from endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, inflammation and disturbed oxidative balance. Empagliflozin is one of three approved sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY was to determine the protective and repairing effect of EMPA in a model of vascular endothelial and SMC damage with 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC). METHODS Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and SMCs were treated with compounds which induce DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) and subjected to comet assay. Oxidative DNA damage was detected using endonuclease III (Nth) or human 8 oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOOG1). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was determined by the fluorescence of a 6-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluoresce probe in diacetate (H2DCFDA). RESULTS 25-OHC-stimulated SMCs showed greater resistance to ROS generation and DNA damage compared to HUVECs. In both experimental models, EMPA treatment was associated with lower ROS production and DNA damage, including oxidative damage to purines and pyrimidines. This effect was not dose-dependent. EMPA was found to counteract this DNA damage by inhibiting ROS production. CONCLUSIONS It appears that the EMPA induced indirect repair of DNA by inhibiting ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Woźniak
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Świstek
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marlena Broncel
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Gorzelak-Pabiś
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
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Nguyen C, Saint-Pol J, Dib S, Pot C, Gosselet F. 25-Hydroxycholesterol in health and diseases. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100486. [PMID: 38104944 PMCID: PMC10823077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential structural component of all membranes of mammalian cells where it plays a fundamental role not only in cellular architecture, but also, for example, in signaling pathway transduction, endocytosis process, receptor functioning and recycling, or cytoskeleton remodeling. Consequently, intracellular cholesterol concentrations are tightly regulated by complex processes, including cholesterol synthesis, uptake from circulating lipoproteins, lipid transfer to these lipoproteins, esterification, and metabolization into oxysterols that are intermediates for bile acids. Oxysterols have been considered for long time as sterol waste products, but a large body of evidence has clearly demonstrated that they play key roles in central nervous system functioning, immune cell response, cell death, or migration and are involved in age-related diseases, cancers, autoimmunity, or neurological disorders. Among all the existing oxysterols, this review summarizes basic as well as recent knowledge on 25-hydroxycholesterol which is mainly produced during inflammatory or infectious situations and that in turn contributes to immune response, central nervous system disorders, atherosclerosis, macular degeneration, or cancer development. Effects of its metabolite 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol are also presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Nguyen
- UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Univ. Artois, Lens, France
| | - Julien Saint-Pol
- UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Univ. Artois, Lens, France
| | - Shiraz Dib
- UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Univ. Artois, Lens, France
| | - Caroline Pot
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Univ. Artois, Lens, France.
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Atzemian N, Kareli D, Ragia G, Manolopoulos VG. Distinct pleiotropic effects of direct oral anticoagulants on cultured endothelial cells: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1244098. [PMID: 37841935 PMCID: PMC10576449 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1244098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) have simplified the treatment of thromboembolic disease. In addition to their established anticoagulant effects, there are indications from clinical and preclinical studies that DOACs exhibit also non-anticoagulant actions, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant actions, advocating overall cardiovascular protection. In the present study, we provide a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge on the pleiotropic effects of DOACs on endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro and their underlying mechanisms, while also identifying potential differences among DOACs. DOACs exhibit pleiotropic actions on ECs, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-fibrotic effects, as well as preservation of endothelial integrity. These effects appear to be mediated through inhibition of the proteinase-activated receptor signaling pathway. Furthermore, we discuss the potential differences among the four drugs in this class. Further research is needed to fully understand the pleiotropic effects of DOACs on ECs, their underlying mechanisms, as well as the heterogeneity between various DOACs. Such studies can pave the way for identifying biomarkers that can help personalize pharmacotherapy with this valuable class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Atzemian
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine and Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitra Kareli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine and Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgia Ragia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine and Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vangelis G. Manolopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine and Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Academic General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Sun P, Wu H, He H, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhang C, Lou C, Li J, Bai H. Delivery of rivaroxaban and chitosan rapamycin microparticle with dual antithrombosis and antiproliferation functions inhibits venous neointimal hyperplasia. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1994-2001. [PMID: 35762638 PMCID: PMC9246098 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2092240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia is a complex process after vascular interventions, acute platelet deposition and smooth muscle cell proliferation both contributed to this process. There are still no perfect solutions to solve this problem. Rivaroxaban is a novel anticoagulant that has been widely used in clinic, it has a good pharmacological effects both in vivo and in vitro. Chitosan microparticle rapamycin (MP-rapa) was fabricated, interspaces of polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffold were used as a reservoir of MP-rapa, and the scaffold was coated with hyaluronic acid rivaroxaban (MP-rapa-riva). Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) photographs were taken and water contact angles were measured, rat inferior vena cava (IVC) patch venoplasty model was used; patches were harvested at day 14 and examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. SEM photographs showed the microparticles rapamycin were inside the interspace of the scaffold, hyaluronic acid rivaroxaban was also successfully coated onto the surface of the scaffold. There was a thinner neointima, fewer proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells, fewer macrophages in the MP-rapa and MP-rapa-riva grafts compared to the control PGA graft. The result showed that this scaffold with dual anticoagulation and antiproliferation functions can effectively inhibit venous neointimal hyperplasia, although this is an animal experiment, it showed promising potential clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Haoliang Wu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Hao He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Yuanfeng Liu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Chunyang Lou
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Jingan Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of materials processing and mold technology (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hualong Bai
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China,Key Vascular Physiology and Applied Research Laboratory of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China,CONTACT Hualong Bai ; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China, 450052
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Kavurma MM, Bursill C, Stanley CP, Passam F, Cartland SP, Patel S, Loa J, Figtree GA, Golledge J, Aitken S, Robinson DA. Endothelial cell dysfunction: Implications for the pathogenesis of peripheral artery disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1054576. [PMID: 36465438 PMCID: PMC9709122 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1054576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by occluded or narrowed arteries that reduce blood flow to the lower limbs. The treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, management of modifiable risk factors and vascular surgery. In this review we focus on how Endothelial Cell (EC) dysfunction contributes to PAD pathophysiology and describe the largely untapped potential of correcting endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, we describe current treatments and clinical trials which improve EC dysfunction and offer insights into where future research efforts could be made. Endothelial dysfunction could represent a target for PAD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M. Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Bursill
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Freda Passam
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Siân P. Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacky Loa
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gemma A. Figtree
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah Aitken
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Concord Institute of Academic Surgery, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Russo V, Fabiani D. Put out the fire: The pleiotropic anti-inflammatory action of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106335. [PMID: 35781059 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) should be the preferred anticoagulant strategy for preventing ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) at increased thromboembolic risk and for treating deep venous thromboembolism (DVT) in the general population. Beyond their inhibiting action on the activated factor X (FXa) or thrombin (FIIa), NOACs showed some pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects. The present review aimed to describe the role of FXa and FIIa in the inflammation pathway and the potential anti-inflammatory effects of NOACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Russo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.
| | - Dario Fabiani
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
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