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Zhang J, Lu M, Li C, Yan B, Xu F, Wang H, Zhang Y, Yang Y. Astragaloside IV mitigates hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy through calpain-1-mediated mTOR activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 125:155250. [PMID: 38295664 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragaloside IV (AsIV), a key functioning element of Astragalus membranaceus, has been recognized for its potential cardiovascular protective properties. However, there is a need to elucidate the impacts of AsIV on myocardial hypertrophy under hypoxia conditions and its root mechanisms. PURPOSE This study scrutinized the influence of AsIV on cardiac injury under hypoxia, with particular emphasis on the role of calpain-1 (CAPN1) in mediating mTOR pathways. METHODS Hypoxia-triggered cardiac hypertrophy was examined in vivo with CAPN1 knockout and wild-type C57BL/6 mice and in vitro with H9C2 cells. The impacts of AsIV, 3-methyladenine, and CAPN1 inhibition on hypertrophy, autophagy, apoptosis, [Ca2+]i, and CAPN1 and mTOR levels in cardiac tissues and H9C2 cells were investigated. RESULTS Both AsIV treatment and CAPN1 knockout mitigated hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy, autophagy, and apoptosis in mice and H9C2 cells. Moreover, AsIV, 3-methyladenine, and CAPN1 inhibition augmented p-mTOR level but reduced [Ca2+]i and CAPN1 level. Additionally, lentivirus-mediated CAPN1 overexpression in H9C2 cells exacerbated myocardial hypertrophy, apoptosis, and p-mTOR inhibition under hypoxia. Specifically, AsIV treatment reversed the impacts of increased CAPN1 expression on cardiac injury and the inhibition of p-mTOR. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that AsIV may alleviate cardiac hypertrophy under hypoxia by attenuating apoptosis and autophagy through CAPN1-mediated mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Zhang
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Meili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Bingju Yan
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
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Shao L, Chen Y, Li J, Chao J, Yang Z, Ding Y, Shen H, Chen Y, Shen Z. Hypoxia-Elicited Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Alleviate Myocardial Infarction by Promoting Angiogenesis through the miR-214/Sufu Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:1662182. [PMID: 39280589 PMCID: PMC11401710 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1662182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Angiogenesis in the infarct border zone is vital for heart function restoration after myocardial infarction. Hypoxia-induced MSC modification is a safe and effective approach for angiogenesis in clinical therapy; however, the mechanism still requires further investigation. In our study, we preconditioned human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (huMSCs) with hypoxia and isolated the small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) to promote cardiac repair. We also investigated the potential mechanisms. Method huMSCs were preconditioned with hypoxia (1% O2 and 5% CO2 at 37°C for 48 hours), and their sEVs were isolated using the Total Exosome Isolation reagent kit. To explore the role of miR-214 in MSC-derived sEVs, sEVs with low miR-214 expression were prepared by transfecting miR-214 inhibitor into huMSCs before hypoxia pretreatment. Scratch assays and tube formation assays were performed in sEVs cocultured with HUVECs to assess the proangiogenic capability of MSC-sEVs and MSChyp-sEVs. Rat myocardial infarction models were used to investigate the ability of miR-214-differentially expressed sEVs in cardiac repair. Echocardiography, Masson's staining, and immunohistochemical staining for CD31 were performed to assess cardiac function, the ratio of myocardial fibrosis, and the capillary density after sEV implantation. The potential mechanism by which MSChyp-sEVs enhance angiogenesis was explored in vitro by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Results Tube formation and scratch assays demonstrated that the proangiogenic capability of huMSC-derived sEVs was enhanced by hypoxia pretreatment. Echocardiography and Masson's staining showed greater improvements in heart function and less ventricular remodeling after MSChyp-sEV transplantation. The angiogenic capability was reduced following miR-214 knockdown in MSChyp-sEVs. Furthermore, Sufu, a target of miR-214, was decreased, and hedgehog signaling was activated in HUVECs. Conclusion We found that hypoxia induced miR-214 expression both in huMSCs and their sEVs. Transplantation of MSChyp-sEVs into a myocardial infarction model improved cardiac repair by increasing angiogenesis. Mechanistically, MSChyp-sEVs promote HUVEC tube formation and migration by transferring miR-214 into recipient cells, inhibiting Sufu expression, and activating the hedgehog pathway. Hypoxia-induced vesicle modification is a feasible way to restore heart function after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbo Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yihuan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingfan Chao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziying Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yinglong Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yueqiu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Zhang ZY, Liu C, Wang PX, Han YW, Zhang YW, Hao ML, Song ZX, Zhang XY. Dihydromyricetin Alleviates H9C2 Cell Apoptosis and Autophagy by Regulating CircHIPK3 Expression and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 29:434-440. [PMID: 36474083 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of dihydromyricetin (Dmy) on H9C2 cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. METHODS H9C2 cells were randomly divided into 7 groups, namely control, model, EV (empty pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-CopGFP-T2A-Puro vector), IV (circHIPK3 interference), Dmy (50 µ mol/L), Dmy+IV, and Dmy+EV groups. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectivley. Western blot was used to evaluate the levels of light chain 3 II/I (LC3II/I), phospho-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K), protein kinase B (p-AKT), and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR). The level of circHIPK3 was determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Electron microscopy was used to observe autophagosomes in H9C2 cells. RESULTS Compared to H9C2 cells, the expression of circHIPK in H9C2 hypoxia model cells increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, the cell apoptosis and autophagosomes increased, cell proliferation rate decreased significantly, and the expression of LC3 II/I significantly increased (all P<0.05). Compared to the model group, the rate of apoptosis and autophagosomes in IV, Dmy, and Dmy+IV group decreased, the cell proliferation rate increased, and the expression of LC3 II/I decreased significantly (all P<0.05). Compared to the control group, the expressions of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in the model group significantly reduced (P<0.05), whereas after treatment with Dmy and sh-circHIPK3, the above situation was reversed (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Dmy plays a protective role in H9C2 cells by inhibiting circHIPK expression and cell apoptosis and autophagy, and the mechanism may be related to PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Gene Related to Disease of Tibet Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Finance Economics, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Wang
- School of Information Engineering, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Yi-Wei Han
- School of Finance Economics, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Yi-Wen Zhang
- School of Finance Economics, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Mei-Li Hao
- School of Finance Economics, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Zi-Xu Song
- School of Finance Economics, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Gene Related to Disease of Tibet Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China.
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Wang Q, Shen ZN, Zhang SJ, Sun Y, Zheng FJ, Li YH. Protective effects and mechanism of puerarin targeting PI3K/Akt signal pathway on neurological diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1022053. [PMID: 36353499 PMCID: PMC9637631 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1022053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases impose a tremendous and increasing burden on global health, and there is currently no curative agent. Puerarin, a natural isoflavone extracted from the dried root of Pueraria montana var. Lobata (Willd.) Sanjappa and Predeep, is an active ingredient with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and autophagy-regulating effects. It has great potential in the treatment of neurological and other diseases. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signal pathway is a crucial signal transduction mechanism that regulates biological processes such as cell regeneration, apoptosis, and cognitive memory in the central nervous system, and is closely related to the pathogenesis of nervous system diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that the excellent neuroprotective effect of puerarin may be related to the regulation of the PI3K/Akt signal pathway. Here, we summarized the main biological functions and neuroprotective effects of puerarin via activating PI3K/Akt signal pathway in neurological diseases. This paper illustrates that puerarin, as a neuroprotective agent, can protect nerve cells and delay the progression of neurological diseases through the PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yu-Hang Li
- *Correspondence: Feng-Jie Zheng, ; Yu-Hang Li,
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Oridonin Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Inflammation in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3002962. [PMID: 35469348 PMCID: PMC9034941 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3002962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug, is often limited due to its renal side effects such as acute kidney injury (AKI). However, there are no validated medications to prevent or treat cisplatin-induced AKI. Oridonin is the major bioactive component of Isodon rubescens (Rabdosia rubescens) and exhibits anticancer, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects. Recent studies have shown that oridonin alleviated a variety of inflammatory diseases, including renal diseases, in rodents. This study was aimed at investigating the potential renoprotective effect of oridonin on cisplatin-induced AKI. Male C57BL/6 mice were administered with cisplatin (20 mg/kg) with or without oridonin (15 mg/kg). Oridonin administration to mice after cisplatin injection attenuated renal dysfunction and histopathological changes. Upregulation of tubular injury markers was also suppressed by oridonin. Mechanistically, oridonin suppressed lipid peroxidation and reversed the decreased ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione in cisplatin-injected mice. The increase in cisplatin-induced apoptosis was also alleviated by the compound. Moreover, oridonin inhibited cytokine overproduction and attenuated immune cell infiltration in cisplatin-injected mice. Altogether, these data demonstrated that oridonin alleviates cisplatin-induced kidney injury via inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation.
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Sadri Nahand J, Salmaninejad A, Mollazadeh S, Tamehri Zadeh SS, Rezaee M, Sheida AH, Sadoughi F, Dana PM, Rafiyan M, Zamani M, Taghavi SP, Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Moghoofei M, Karimzadeh M, Vosough M, Mirzaei H. Virus, Exosome, and MicroRNA: New Insights into Autophagy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1401:97-162. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li L, Cheng SQ, Guo W, Cai ZY, Sun YQ, Huang XX, Yang J, Ji J, Chen YY, Dong YF, Cheng H, Sun XL. Oridonin prevents oxidative stress-induced endothelial injury via promoting Nrf-2 pathway in ischaemic stroke. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9753-9766. [PMID: 34514714 PMCID: PMC8505855 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oridonin, a natural diterpenoid compound extracted from a Chinese herb, has been proved to exert anti‐oxidative stress effects in various disease models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of oridonin on oxidative stress‐induced endothelial injury in ischaemic stroke. We found oridonin repaired blood‐brain barrier (BBB) integrity presented with upregulation of tight junction proteins (TJ proteins) expression, inhibited the infiltration of periphery inflammatory cells and neuroinflammation and thereby reduced infarct volume in ischaemic stroke mice. Furthermore, our results showed that oridonin could protect against oxidative stress‐induced endothelial injury via promoting nuclear translocation of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf‐2). The specific mechanism could be the activation of AKT(Ser473)/GSK3β(Ser9)/Fyn signalling pathway. Our findings revealed the therapeutic effect and mechanism of oridonin in ischaemic stroke, which provided fundamental evidence for developing the extracted compound of Chinese herbal medicine into an innovative drug for ischaemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Qi Cheng
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Cai
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Qin Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Xin Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Yun Chen
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin-Feng Dong
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Dong F, Pu Y, Lv Y, Liu X, Cao Y. Protective effect of Pulsatilla saponin A on acute myocardial infarction via miR-24-3p/p16. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:27-36. [PMID: 34412561 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1963364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Pulsatilla saponin A (PsA) on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was unknown. This study targeted to examine the roles of PsA on hypoxia-triggered toxicity to H9c2 cells and reveal the potential mechanism. H9c2 cells were maintained under a hypoxic environment for 12 h to construct the AMI cell model and the cells were pretreated by PsA. Hypoxia triggered toxicity to H9c2 cells and the anti-toxicity effect of PsA was evaluated by CCK8, TUNEL, and Western blot. The levels of miR-24-3p and p16 in H9c2 cells, AMI group tissues, and their respective controls were assessed using qRT-PCR. The dual-luciferase assay was applied to verify the targeting mechanism of miR-24-3p on p16. Then the effects of miR-24-3p inhibitor or/and si-p16 on H9c2 cells treated with PsA under hypoxia were detected by CCK8, TUNEL, and Western blot. Flow cytometry was executed to determine the cell cycle. Hypoxia decreased viability and proliferation and increased apoptosis of H9c2 cells, which were ameliorated by PsA pretreatment. The level of miR-24-3p was diminished, but p16 expression was elevated in hypoxia-treated cells and AMI group tissues. MiR-24-3p could sponge p16 in hypoxia-treated cells. Furthermore, the impact of applying miR-24-3p inhibitor on PsA and hypoxia-treated cells could be reversed by si-p16. PsA relieved hypoxia-triggered cell toxicity via miR-24-3p/p16 axis. These findings provided some fresh insights into the potential therapeutic effects of the application of PsA in AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Dong
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, China
| | - Yanhua Pu
- Department of General Family Medicine No.1, The Fourth Hospital of Jinan, Jinan City, China
| | - Yanfei Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City, China
| | - Xiujuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, China
| | - Yimin Cao
- Department of Emergency, Jinan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jinan City, China
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Sang Z, Dong S, Zhang P, Wei Y. miR‑214 ameliorates sepsis‑induced acute kidney injury via PTEN/AKT/mTOR‑regulated autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:683. [PMID: 34328194 PMCID: PMC8365606 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that oxidative stress and autophagy results in acute kidney injury (AKI) during sepsis and microRNA (miR)-214 serves a vital role in the protection of kidneys subjected to oxidative stress. The present study aimed to test whether the renoprotection of miR-214 is related to autophagy in sepsis. The role of autophagy was investigated in a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to analyze the expression of miR-214. The structure and function of kidneys harvested from the mice were evaluated. Kidney autophagy levels were detected with immunohistochemical, immunofluorescent and western blotting. It was found that miR-214 could alleviate AKI in septic mice by inhibiting the level of kidney autophagy. Furthermore, miR-214 inhibited autophagy by silencing PTEN expression in the kidney tissues of septic mice. These findings indicated that miR-214 ameliorated CLP-induced AKI by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting autophagy through the regulation of the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Sang
- Emergency Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Shimin Dong
- Department of Emergency, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Wei
- Department of Emergency, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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Li X, Zhang CT, Ma W, Xie X, Huang Q. Oridonin: A Review of Its Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:645824. [PMID: 34295243 PMCID: PMC8289702 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.645824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oridonin, as a natural terpenoids found in traditional Chinese herbal medicine Isodon rubescens (Hemsl.) H.Hara, is widely present in numerous Chinese medicine preparations. The purpose of this review focuses on providing the latest and comprehensive information on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of oridonin, to excavate the therapeutic potential and explore promising ways to balance toxicity and efficacy of this natural compound. Information concerning oridonin was systematically collected from the authoritative internet database of PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library and Europe PMC applying a combination of keywords involving "pharmacology," "pharmacokinetics," and "toxicology". New evidence shows that oridonin possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatorenal activities as well as cardioprotective protective activities and so on. Although significant advancement has been witnessed in this field, some basic and intricate issues still exist such as the specific mechanism of oridonin against related diseases not being clear. Moreover, several lines of evidence indicated that oridonin may exhibit adverse effects, even toxicity under specific circumstances, which sparked intense debate and concern about security of oridonin. Based on the current progress, future research directions should emphasize on 1) investigating the interrelationship between concentration and pharmacological effects as well as toxicity, 2) reducing pharmacological toxicity, and 3) modifying the structure of oridonin-one of the pivotal approaches to strengthen pharmacological activity and bioavailability. We hope that this review can provide some inspiration for the research of oridonin in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan-Tao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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11
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Wang M, Zhang L, Lin F, Zheng Q, Xu X, Mei L. Dynamic study into autophagy and apoptosis during orthodontic tooth movement. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:430. [PMID: 33747169 PMCID: PMC7967888 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) has been widely observed worldwide. The OTM process is involved in several biological activities and can result in temporary hypoxia. The dynamic changes of autophagy and apoptosis during OTM have not, to the best of our knowledge, been previously reported. In the present study, an OTM animal model was established. Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and osteoclasts were investigated using H&E and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. The changes in the expression levels of certain autophagy and apoptotic markers were investigated using immunohistochemical staining. A significant decrease in PDLC and an increase in osteoclast numbers were observed 1 day following OTM induction. The expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3-II peaked at 1 h post-OTM, followed by a gradual decrease. The expression levels of P62 in each experimental group were significantly lower than those noted in the 0 h group. The expression levels of Bcl-2 were markedly increased 1 h following OTM and reached a maximum at 1 day post-OTM. The highest expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 were observed 7 days following OTM induction. The present study provided additional information regarding the involvement of autophagy and apoptotic markers in the OTM process and aided the understanding of the initiation and pathophysiological progression of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoying Wang
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Fuwei Lin
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Xu
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Li Mei
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Wang SJ, Li WW, Wen CJ, Diao YL, Zhao TL. MicroRNA‑214 promotes the EMT process in melanoma by downregulating CADM1 expression. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3795-3803. [PMID: 33000202 PMCID: PMC7533494 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant skin cancer type associated with a high mortality rate, but its treatment is currently not ideal. Both microRNA (miR)-214 and cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) are differentially expressed in melanoma, but their role in this cancer type remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of CADM1 and miR-214 in melanoma to identify novel targets for its treatment. The expression levels of CADM1 and miR-214 in cells were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Moreover, cell viability, migration and invasion were measured by MTT, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. In addition, the relative expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in cells were detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting. It was found that the expression of CADM1 was inhibited in melanoma cells, while miR-214 expression was increased during melanoma tumorigenesis. Furthermore, miR-214 mimics promoted the viability, migration and invasion of melanoma cells. It was also demonstrated that the downregulation of CADM1 reversed the inhibitory effect of the miR-214 inhibitor in melanoma. Moreover, overexpression of CADM1 inhibited the EMT process in melanoma, while the miR-214 inhibitor suppressed the EMT process. The results also indicated that miR-214 promoted the EMT process by downregulating CADM1, which may represent a novel mechanism for the progression of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jun Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Cong-Ji Wen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Li Diao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lan Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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miR-214-3p Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction in Mice by Inhibiting Autophagy through PTEN/AKT/mTOR Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1409038. [PMID: 32714974 PMCID: PMC7359738 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1409038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims. More than half of the patients with sepsis would develop cardiac dysfunction, which is termed as sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD). Previous studies suggest that autophagy may play an important role in SIMD. The present study investigated whether miR-214-3p could attenuate SIMD by inhibiting autophagy. Main Methods. In this article, we investigated the role of autophagy in a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The structure and function of hearts harvested from the mice were evaluated. Myocardial autophagy levels were detected with immunohistochemical, immunofluorescent, and Western blot. Key Findings. miR-214-3p can alleviate SIMD in septic mice by inhibiting the level of cardiac autophagy to attenuate myocardial dysfunction. Moreover, this study showed that miR-214-3p inhibited autophagy by silencing PTEN expression in the myocardial tissues of septic mice. Significance. This study showed that miR-214-3p attenuated SIMD through myocardial autophagy inhibition by silencing PTEN expression and activating the AKT/mTOR pathway. The present findings supported that miR-214-3p may be a potential therapeutic target for SIMD.
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Oridonin Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Downregulating Oxidative Stress and NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7395187. [PMID: 32565873 PMCID: PMC7277023 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7395187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oridonin (ORI), the major pharmacological component extracted from a traditional Chinese medicine, possesses a beneficial effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underlying molecular mechanism by which ORI effects take place is not completely known. Thus, whether ORI works via downregulating oxidative stress and nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway was investigated in this study. Mice underwent surgery to induce myocardial I/R injury, and some were administered ORI (10 mg/kg/day) pretreatment, while others were not. The myocardial enzymes' levels, infarct area, and inflammatory injury were measured. The activation situation of oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome was also detected. We found that ORI pretreatment significantly alleviated CK-MB and cTnI levels and infarct size induced by I/R. ORI mitigated the inflammatory injury by decreasing the pathological damage and lowering TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels. Moreover, the SOD1 and eNOS levels were significantly increased by ORI, while MDA and iNOS levels were relatively decreased. The oxidative stress was reversed using ORI pretreatment. Importantly, NLRP3 inflammasome pathway was also inhibited by ORI, as reflected by the lower protein levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β. In conclusion, ORI alleviates myocardial injury induced by I/R via inhibiting the oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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