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Hargrave AS, Sippy R, Cueva C, Polhemus M, Beltran E, Abbott MA, Stewart-Ibarra AM. Allergies, body mass, and hospitalization due to arbovirus infection: A prospective surveillance study in Machala, Ecuador. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e181. [PMID: 37823310 PMCID: PMC10644055 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue, chikungunya, and Zika are arboviruses that cause 390 million infections annually. Risk factors for hospitalization are poorly understood. Communities affected by these diseases have an escalating prevalence of allergies and obesity, which are linked to immune dysfunction. We assessed the association of allergies or body mass with hospitalization for an arbovirus infection. From 2014 to 2017, we recruited participants with a clinical diagnosis of arbovirus infection. Arbovirus infections were laboratory-confirmed and allergies were self-reported. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight, and height were measured. We used two logistic regression models to assess the relationships between hospitalization and allergies and between hospitalization and body mass (MUAC for participants <20 years old and body mass index (BMI) for adults ≥20 years old). Models were stratified by age group and adjusted for confounders. For allergies, 41 of 265 were hospitalized. There was no association between allergies and hospitalization. For body mass, 34 of 251 were hospitalized. There was a 43% decrease in hospitalization odds for each additional centimetre MUAC among children (aOR 0.566, 95% CI 0.252-1.019) and a 12% decrease in hospitalization odds for each additional BMI unit among adults (aOR 0.877, 95% CI 0.752-0.998). Our work encourages the exploration of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S. Hargrave
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Rachel Sippy
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Current affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cinthya Cueva
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mark Polhemus
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Efrain Beltran
- Faculdad de Medicina, Universidad Técnica de Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
| | - Mark A. Abbott
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States
- Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Oliveira FBCD, Freire VPASDS, Coelho SVA, Meuren LM, Palmeira JDF, Cardoso AL, Neves FDAR, Ribeiro BM, Argañaraz GA, Arruda LBD, Argañaraz ER. ZIKV Strains Elicit Different Inflammatory and Anti-Viral Responses in Microglia Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:1250. [PMID: 37376550 DOI: 10.3390/v15061250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the Zika Virus (ZIKV) has caused pandemic outbreaks associated with a high rate of congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS). Although all strains associated with worldwide outbreaks derive from the Asian lineage, the reasons for their enhanced spread and severity are not fully understood. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of miRNAs (miRNA-155/146a/124) and their cellular targets (SOCS1/3, SHP1, TRAF6, IRAK1), as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory and anti-viral cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IFN-β) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) expression in BV2 microglia cells infected with ZIKV strains derived from African and Asian lineages (ZIKVMR766 and ZIKVPE243). BV2 cells were susceptible to both ZIKV strains, and showed discrete levels of viral replication, with delayed release of viral particles without inducing significant cytopathogenic effects. However, the ZIKVMR766 strain showed higher infectivity and replicative capacity, inducing a higher expression of microglial activation markers than the ZIKVPE243 strain. Moreover, infection with the ZIKVMR766 strain promoted both a higher inflammatory response and a lower expression of anti-viral factors compared to the ZIKVPE243 strain. Remarkably, the ZIKKPE243 strain induced significantly higher levels of the anti-inflammatory nuclear receptor-PPAR-γ. These findings improve our understanding of ZIKV-mediated modulation of inflammatory and anti-viral innate immune responses and open a new avenue to explore underlining mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ZIKV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharton Vinicius Antunes Coelho
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lana Monteiro Meuren
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Julys da Fonseca Palmeira
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana Luísa Cardoso
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Bergmann Morais Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Bacuolovirus, Cell Biology Department, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Adolfo Argañaraz
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Luciana Barros de Arruda
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Enrique Roberto Argañaraz
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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Berry N, Stein M, Ferguson D, Ham C, Hall J, Giles E, Kempster S, Adedeji Y, Almond N, Herrera C. Mucosal Responses to Zika Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Macaques. Pathogens 2022; 11:1033. [PMID: 36145466 PMCID: PMC9503824 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) cases continue to be reported, and no vaccine or specific antiviral agent has been approved for the prevention or treatment of infection. Though ZIKV is primarily transmitted by mosquitos, cases of sexual transmission and prolonged viral RNA presence in semen have been reported. In this observational study, we report the mucosal responses to sub-cutaneous and mucosal ZIKV exposure in cynomolgus macaques during acute and late chronic infection. Subcutaneous challenge induced a decrease in the growth factor VEGF in colorectal and cervicovaginal tissues 100 days post-challenge, in contrast to the observed increase in these tissues following vaginal infection. This different pattern was not observed in the uterus, where VEGF was upregulated independently of the challenge route. Vaginal challenge induced a pro-inflammatory profile in all mucosal tissues during late chronic infection. Similar responses were already observed during acute infection in a vaginal tissue explant model of ex vivo challenge. Non-productive and productive infection 100 days post-in vivo vaginal challenge induced distinct proteomic profiles which were characterized by further VEGF increase and IL-10 decrease in non-infected animals. Ex vivo challenge of mucosal explants revealed tissue-specific modulation of cytokine levels during the acute phase of infection. Mucosal cytokine profiles could represent biosignatures of persistent ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Berry
- Division of Infectious Disease Diagnostics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar EN6 3QC, UK
| | - Monja Stein
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Deborah Ferguson
- Division of Infectious Disease Diagnostics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar EN6 3QC, UK
| | - Claire Ham
- Division of Infectious Disease Diagnostics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar EN6 3QC, UK
| | - Jo Hall
- Division of Infectious Disease Diagnostics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar EN6 3QC, UK
| | - Elaine Giles
- Division of Analytical and Biological Sciences, NIBSC, Potters Bar EN6 3QC, UK
| | - Sarah Kempster
- Division of Infectious Disease Diagnostics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar EN6 3QC, UK
| | - Yemisi Adedeji
- Division of Infectious Disease Diagnostics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar EN6 3QC, UK
| | - Neil Almond
- Division of Infectious Disease Diagnostics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar EN6 3QC, UK
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
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Latanova A, Starodubova E, Karpov V. Flaviviridae Nonstructural Proteins: The Role in Molecular Mechanisms of Triggering Inflammation. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081808. [PMID: 36016430 PMCID: PMC9414172 DOI: 10.3390/v14081808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Flaviviridae family are posing a significant threat to human health worldwide. Many flaviviruses are capable of inducing severe inflammation in humans. Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins, apart from their canonical roles in viral replication, have noncanonical functions strongly affecting antiviral innate immunity. Among these functions, antagonism of type I IFN is the most investigated; meanwhile, more data are accumulated on their role in the other pathways of innate response. This review systematizes the last known data on the role of Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins in molecular mechanisms of triggering inflammation, with an emphasis on their interactions with TLRs and RLRs, interference with NF-κB and cGAS-STING signaling, and activation of inflammasomes.
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