1
|
Simultaneous spectrofluorimetic determination of remdesivir and simeprevir in human plasma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21980. [PMID: 36539455 PMCID: PMC9763795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As new infectious mutations of SARS-CoV-2 emerged throughout the world, innovative therapies to counter the virus-altered drug sensitivities were urgently needed. Several antiviral options have been in clinical trials or in compassionate use for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections in an attempt to minimize both clinical severity and viral shedding. Recent research indicated that simeprevir acts synergistically with remdesivir, allowing for a multiple-fold decrease in its effective dose when used at physiologically acceptable concentrations. The goal of this work is to develop a sensitive synchronous spectrofluorimetric approach to simultaneously quantify the two drugs in biological fluids. Using this method, remdesivir and simeprevir could be measured spectrofluorimetrically at 283 and 341 nm, respectively, without interference from each other using Δλ of 90 nm. The effect of various experimental parameters on the fluorescence intensity of the two drugs was extensively explored and optimized. For each of remdesivir and simeprevir, the method exhibited a linearity range of 0.10-1.10 μg/mL, with lower detection limits of 0.01 and 0.02 μg/mL and quantification limits of 0.03 and 0.05 μg/mL, respectively. The high sensitivity of the developed method permitted the simultaneous determination of both drugs in spiked plasma samples with % recoveries ranging from 95.0 to 103.25 with acceptable standard deviation values of 1.92 and 3.04 for remdesivir and simeprevir, respectively. The validation of the approach was approved by the International Council of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohammed BS, Derayea SM, Hamad AE. Feasible TLC-Spectro-Densitometry Technique for Simultaneous Determination of Two Hepatitis C Antiviral Drugs, Sofosbuvir and Simeprevir: Application to Combined Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Human Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:576-583. [PMID: 33822903 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method was developed and validated for the concurrent determination of simeprevir (SMV) and sofosbuvir (SOF). The chromatographic separation was attained on silica gel 60 F254 as stationary phase and ethyl acetate-hexane-methanol (5.0:4.0:1.0, v/v/v) as developing solvent with UV detection at 273 nm. The RF values were 0.67±0.02 and 0.43±0.02 for SMV and SOF, respectively. The method has been validated in respect to the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization. Linearity was maintained between 60-1,000 and 70-1,200 ng/band for SMV and SOF, respectively, with good correlation coefficients (0.9993-0.9997) for both drugs. The suggested method was highly sensitive as the calculated detection limits were 15 and 22 ng/band, while the quantitation limits were 44 and 66 ng/ band for SMV and SOF, respectively. The suggested methodology has been effectively employed for the determination of the mentioned drugs in their pure forms and their pharmaceutical dosage forms as well as human plasma without significant interference of the pharmaceutical excipients or plasma components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Shaaban Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Sayed M Derayea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Amal E Hamad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahmed RM, Fayed MAA, El-Behairy MF, Abdallah IA. Identification, isolation, structural characterization, in silico toxicity prediction and in vitro cytotoxicity assay of simeprevir acidic and oxidative degradation products. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42816-42826. [PMID: 35514884 PMCID: PMC9057948 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09253c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simeprevir is a new direct-acting antiviral drug used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. In this work, a simple, fast and economical chromatographic method was developed for the determination of simeprevir in the presence of its acidic and oxidative degradation products. The stress studies performed herein showed that simeprevir degraded under acidic and oxidative conditions but was stable under thermal and alkaline conditions. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed-phase Eclipse XDB C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.05 M ammonium acetate (pH 4) (90 : 10, v/v) and was used at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1. The column effluent was monitored at 237 nm. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.1–20 μg mL−1. The relative standard deviations for the intra-day and inter-day precision were less than 2%, and good percentage recoveries that met the acceptance criteria of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines were obtained. The robustness was assessed using the Plackett–Burman design. The simeprevir degradation products were isolated by flash chromatography and confirmed by 1H NMR and LC-MS/MS techniques. The fully validated chromatographic method can be applied as a stability-indicating method for simeprevir and for routine analysis during quality control. Additionally, in silico toxicity prediction of the degradation products demonstrated a hepatotoxicity alert for DP 1, DP 2, DP 4 and DP 5 and a carcinogenicity alert for DP 3. In view of safety aspects, an in vitro cytotoxicity assay was carried out for simeprevir degradation products. They were found to be non-toxic in vitro at the tested concentrations. Simeprevir is a new direct-acting antiviral drug used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University Cairo 11341 Egypt
| | - Marwa A A Fayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City Sadat City 32897 Egypt
| | - Mohammed F El-Behairy
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City Sadat City 32897 Egypt
| | - Inas A Abdallah
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City Sadat City 32897 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ezzeldin E, Abo-Talib NF, Tammam MH, Asiri YA, Amr AEGE, Almehizia AA. Validated Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatographic Method with Gradient Elution for Simultaneous Determination of the Antiviral Agents: Sofosbuvir, Ledipasvir, Daclatasvir, and Simeprevir in Their Dosage Forms. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204611. [PMID: 33050433 PMCID: PMC7587186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid, sensitive, and precise reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of four direct-acting antivirals, sofosbuvir (SF), ledipasvir (LD), declatasvir (DC), and simeprevir (SM), in their respective pharmaceutical formulations. Effective chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse plus C8 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) at 40 °C with gradient elution using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile:phosphate buffer (pH 6.5). The quantification of SF and DC was based on peak area measurements at 260 nm, while the quantification of LD and SM was achieved at 330 nm. The linearity was acceptable from 1.0 to 20.0 μg/mL for the studied drugs, with correlation coefficients >0.999. The analytical performance of the newly proposed HPLC procedure was thoroughly validated according to ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, precision (RSD%, 0.39-1.57), accuracy (98.05-101.90%), specificity, limit of detection (LOD) (0.022-0.039 μg/mL), limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.067-0.118 μg/mL), and robustness. The validated HPLC method was successfully used to analyze the abovementioned drugs in their pure and dosage forms without interference from common excipients present in commercial formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Essam Ezzeldin
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (A.E.-G.E.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Bioavailability Center, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza P.O. Box 29, Egypt
| | - Nisreen F. Abo-Talib
- Bioavailability Center, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza P.O. Box 29, Egypt
- Correspondence: (N.F.A.-T.); (M.H.T.)
| | - Marwa H. Tammam
- Bioavailability Center, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza P.O. Box 29, Egypt
- Correspondence: (N.F.A.-T.); (M.H.T.)
| | - Yousif A. Asiri
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abd El-Galil E. Amr
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (A.E.-G.E.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (A.E.-G.E.A.); (A.A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hamad AE, Mohammed BS, Derayea SM, El-Malla SF. Micelle sensitized synchronous spectrofluorimetric approaches for the simultaneous determination of simeprevir and ledipasvir: Application to pharmaceutical formulations and human plasma. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 239:118471. [PMID: 32474370 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Simeprevir (SMV) is commonly co-administered with ledipasvir (LDS) and sofosbuvir (SOF) as an effective combination regimen for treatment naive hepatitis C virus infected patients. In the present study, two spectrofluorimetric approaches were combined together for the development of highly sensitive, rapid, simple and accurate method for simultaneous quantification of SMV and LDS. The native fluorescence intensity values of SMV and LDS were enhanced by the addition of Tween-80 micellar system, while second derivative of the synchronous fluorescence intensity of the drugs at Δλ = 120 nm enabled the determination of both drug concomitantly. Different experimental parameters affecting the synchronous fluorescence of the cited drugs were carefully evaluated for their optimization. The peak amplitudes of the second derivative synchronous fluorimetry were measured at 429 nm for SMV and at 417 nm for LDS. The fluorescence-concentration plots were rectilinear over the range of 60-1500 and 36-540 ng mL-1 with lower detection limits of 9.0 and 6.0 ng mL-1 and quantification limits of 27.0 and 17.0 ng mL-1 for SMV and LDS respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of both drugs in their pure forms as well as their pharmaceutical products and human plasma without any significant interference. Statistical comparison with the reported method revealed excellent accuracy and precision of the proposed method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal E Hamad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Bassam Shaaban Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Sayed M Derayea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Samah F El-Malla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elsonbaty A, Serag A, Abdulwahab S, Hassan WS, Eissa MS. Analysis of quinary therapy targeting multiple cardiovascular diseases using UV spectrophotometry and chemometric tools. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 238:118415. [PMID: 32403073 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, UV spectrophotometry assisted by multivariate chemometric analysis have been presented for quantitative determination of complex quinary therapy containing atenolol, ramipril, hydrochlorothiazide, simvastatin and aspirin without any prior separation. Such combination is very useful for treating various cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia in addition to its antiplatelet aggregating activity. Calibration (15 samples) and validation (10 samples) sets were prepared of different concentrations for these drugs via implementing partial factorial experimental design. The zero order UV spectra of these sets were recorded and then subjected for further chemometric analysis. Partial least square (PLS) with/without variable selection procedure i.e. genetic algorithm (GA) were employed to untangle the UV spectral overlapping of these mixtures. The performance of these chemometric techniques were compared in terms of accuracy and predictive abilities using cross-validation and external validation methods. It was found that PLS provides good recoveries with prompt predictive ability albeit GA-PLS exhibited better analytical performance owing to its capability to remove redundant variables i.e. the number of absorbance variables had been reduced to about 19-28%. The developed methods allowed reliable determination of such complex therapy in its laboratory prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical preparation within comparable results to those reported by HPLC method, posing these chemometric methods as valuable and indispensable analytical tools in in-process testing and quality control analysis of many pharmaceutical compounds targeting CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elsonbaty
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Serag
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt.
| | - Sara Abdulwahab
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Wafaa S Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Maya S Eissa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohammed BS, Hamad AE, Derayea SM. Stress stability study of simeprevir, a hepatitis C virus inhibitor, using feasible TLC-spectro-densitometry: application to pharmaceutical dosage form and human plasma. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21100-21107. [PMID: 35518774 PMCID: PMC9054297 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01172j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simeprevir is one of the newest direct action anti-hepatitis C drugs. In the present work, a simple, highly selective and stability-indicating, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method is proposed and validated for the assay of simeprevir both in pharmaceutical dosage form and spiked human plasma. The method used silica gel 60 F254 coated HPTLC aluminum plates as the stationary phase. The mobile phase system was ethyl acetate-hexane-methanol (5 : 4 : 1, v/v/v). The wavelength for both detection and quantitation was set at 288 nm. This system was found to give a compact spot of simeprevir; the retardation factor (RF) value was 0.67 ± 0.02. The guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization were followed to validate the proposed analytical method, and the results were acceptable. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 80–1000 ng per spot. The limit of detection was 19.0 ng per spot, and the limit of quantitation was 57.0 ng per spot. The drug was subjected to various stress conditions including hydrolytic, oxidative and UV-induced resulting in varying degrees of degradation. The results showed that the proposed method could efficiently separate the degradation products from the intact drug and allow its satisfactory quantitation. The proposed method was employed successfully for the accurate and reproducible analysis of the pharmaceutical preparation and human plasma containing the drug. The proposed method's precision and accuracy were statistically similar to those of a reported method. Simeprevir is one of the newest direct action anti-hepatitis C drugs.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Shaaban Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University Shebin El-Kom Menoufia Egypt
| | - Amal E Hamad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University Shebin El-Kom Menoufia Egypt
| | - Sayed M Derayea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sensitive spectrofluorimetric assay based on micelle enhanced protocol for the determination of hepatitis C antiviral agent (simeprevir): Application to dosage form and human plasma. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
9
|
Derayea SM, A El Hamd M, Ali S, Samir E. Microenvironment improvement protocol for the sensitive spectrofluorimetric determination of an hepatitis C virus antiviral (Simeprevir): application to human plasma. LUMINESCENCE 2019; 35:393-399. [PMID: 31849179 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Simeprevir (SPV) is a powerful antihepatitis C virus agent that was newly introduced into the pharmaceutical market. We here established and validated an easy, simple, and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for its estimation at λem 427 nm (λex 337 nm). The suggested procedure was based on two times enhancement in the original emission of SPV through modifying its microenvironment in buffered aqueous solution by adding Triton X-100. The relationship between the concentration of SPV and the observed fluorescence intensity was linear in the range 0.06-1.0 μg ml-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The limits of detection and quantitation were 21 and 64 ng ml-1 , respectively. The present method was effectively applied to quantify SPV content in pharmaceutical tablets and human plasma spiked with the drug with no interference from tablet excipients or plasma components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M Derayea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.,College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al Dwadmi, Shaqra, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Ali
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ebtihal Samir
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Deraya University, New Minia, Minia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mohamed SH, Issa YM, Salim AI. Simultaneous quantification of simeprevir sodium: A hepatitis C protease inhibitor in binary and ternary mixtures with sofosbuvir and/or ledipasvir utilizing direct and H-point standard addition strategies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 210:290-297. [PMID: 30469132 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Simeprevir sodium (SMV); a novel hepatitis C inhibitor, quells hepatitis C viral replication by binding to and repressing the protease, hepatitis C infection (HCV) NS3/4A. In this way, it is known as a prompt acting antiviral agent. Calibration curves of SMV were built in various solvents; ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, chloroform and dichloromethane. It is obeyed up to 60.0 μg/mL; in all solvents at two maximum wavelengths (280 and 327 nm). Several investigations show that, SMV might be present in a mixture of Sofosbuvir (SOF) and/or Ledipasvir (LDP). So far as that is concerned, H-point standard addition strategy (HPSAS) is made to identify it in binary or ternary mixtures. Recovery studies are in the prevalent range (93.0-107.0%) with relative standard deviation <1.5%. A correlation between the developed techniques is carried out and it demonstrates that these strategies are effectively applied for the simultaneous analysis of SMV, SOF and LDP in several synthetic samples and pharmaceutics. Statistical treatment of the acquired data is carried out against a newly published HPLC technique using F- and t-treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrein H Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Yousry M Issa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alyaa I Salim
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Madina High Institute for Engineering and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ibrahim AE, Hashem H, Elhenawee M, Saleh H. Comparison between core-shell and totally porous particle stationary phases for fast and green LC determination of five hepatitis-C antiviral drugs. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1734-1742. [PMID: 29297968 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The performances of core-shell 2.7 μm and fully porous sub-2 μm particles packed in narrow diameter columns were compared under the same chromatographic conditions. The stationary phases were compared for fast separation and determination of five new antiviral drugs; daclatasvir, sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, simeprevir, and ledipasvir. The gradient elution was done using ethanol as green organic modifier, which is more environmentally friendly. Although both columns provided very good resolution of the five drugs, core-shell particles had proven to be of better efficiency. Under gradient elution conditions, core-shell particles exhibited faster elution, better peak shape, and enhanced resolution adding to lower system backpressure. The column backpressure on sub-2 μm particles was more than twice that on core-shell particles. This gives a chance to use conventional high-performance liquid chromatography conditions without needing special instrumentation as that required for ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. The method was validated for determination of the five drugs by gradient elution using mobile phase composed of organic modifier ethanol and aqueous part containing 0.75 g sodium octane sufonate and 3.0 g sodium dihydrogen phosphate per liter at pH of 6.15. Detection was done using UV-detector set at 210 nm. The linearity, accuracy, and precision were found very good within the concentration range of 2-200 μg/mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Egyptian International Pharmaceutical Industries Co. "EIPICo.", 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt
| | - Hisham Hashem
- Pharmaceutical analytical chemistry department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magda Elhenawee
- Pharmaceutical analytical chemistry department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Saleh
- Pharmaceutical analytical chemistry department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Attia KAM, El-Abasawi NM, El-Olemy A, Serag A. Simeprevir oxidative degradation product: Molecular modeling,in silicotoxicity and resolution by synchronous spectrofluorimetry. LUMINESCENCE 2017; 33:382-390. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A. M. Attia
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Nasr M. El-Abasawi
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Olemy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed Serag
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| |
Collapse
|