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Aggarwal A, Rama R, Dhillon PK, Deepa M, Kondal D, Kaushik N, Bumb D, Mehrotra R, Kohler BA, Mohan V, Gillespie TW, Patel AV, Rajaraman S, Prabhakaran D, Ward KC, Goodman M. Linking population-based cohorts with cancer registries in LMIC: a case study and lessons learnt in India. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068644. [PMID: 36878651 PMCID: PMC9990691 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In resource-constrained settings, cancer epidemiology research typically relies on self-reported diagnoses. To test a more systematic alternative approach, we assessed the feasibility of linking a cohort with a cancer registry. SETTING Data linkage was performed between a population-based cohort in Chennai, India, with a local population-based cancer registry. PARTICIPANTS Data set of Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South-Asia (CARRS) cohort participants (N=11 772) from Chennai was linked with the cancer registry data set for the period 1982-2015 (N=140 986). METHODS AND OUTCOME MEASURES Match*Pro, a probabilistic record linkage software, was used for computerised linkages followed by manual review of high scoring records. The variables used for linkage included participant name, gender, age, address, Postal Index Number and father's and spouse's name. Registry records between 2010 and 2015 and between 1982 and 2015, respectively, represented incident and all (both incident and prevalent) cases. The extent of agreement between self-reports and registry-based ascertainment was expressed as the proportion of cases found in both data sets among cases identified independently in each source. RESULTS There were 52 self-reported cancer cases among 11 772 cohort participants, but 5 cases were misreported. Of the remaining 47 eligible self-reported cases (incident and prevalent), 37 (79%) were confirmed by registry linkage. Among 29 self-reported incident cancers, 25 (86%) were found in the registry. Registry linkage also identified 24 previously not reported cancers; 12 of those were incident cases. The likelihood of linkage was higher in more recent years (2014-2015). CONCLUSIONS Although linkage variables in this study had limited discriminatory power in the absence of a unique identifier, an appreciable proportion of self-reported cases were confirmed in the registry via linkages. More importantly, the linkages also identified many previously unreported cases. These findings offer new insights that can inform future cancer surveillance and research in low-income and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Aggarwal
- The Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Dwarka, Delhi, India
| | | | - Preet K Dhillon
- The Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Dwarka, Delhi, India
- Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mohan Deepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Diabetes), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dimple Kondal
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Dwarka, Delhi, India
| | - Naveen Kaushik
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Dwarka, Delhi, India
| | - Dipika Bumb
- Ramaiah International Centre for Public Health Innovations, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Centre for Health, Innovation and Policy, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Betsy A Kohler
- North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Diabetes), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre (IDF Centre of Excellence in Diabetes Care), Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Theresa W Gillespie
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- The Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Dwarka, Delhi, India
| | - Kevin C Ward
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Centre for Cancer Statistics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Centre for Cancer Statistics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Takamatsu K, Ideno Y, Kikuchi M, Yasui T, Maruoka N, Nagai K, Hayashi K. Validity of self-reported diagnoses of gynaecological and breast cancers in a prospective cohort study: the Japan Nurses' Health Study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045491. [PMID: 34145012 PMCID: PMC8215237 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To validate the self-reported diagnoses of gynaecological and breast cancers in a nationwide prospective cohort study of nursing professionals: the Japan Nurses' Health Study (JNHS). DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective analysis of the JNHS. PARTICIPANTS AND MEASURES Data were reviewed for 15 717 subjects. The mean age at baseline was 41.6±8.3 years (median: 41), and the mean follow-up period was 10.5±3.8 years (median: 12). Participants are regularly mailed a follow-up questionnaire once every 2 years. Respondents who self-reported a positive cancer diagnosis were sent an additional confirmation questionnaire and contacted the diagnosing facility to confirm the diagnosis based on medical records. A review panel of experts verified the disease status. Regular follow-up, confirmation questionnaires and expert review were validated for their positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). RESULTS New incidences were verified in 37, 47, 26 and 300 cervical, endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer cases, respectively. The estimated incidence rates were 22.0, 25.4, 13.8 and 160.4 per 100 000 person-years. These were comparable with those of national data from regional cancer registries in Japan. For regular follow-up, the corresponding PPVs for cervical, endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer were 16.9%, 54.2%, 45.1% and 81.4%, and the NPVs were 100%, 99.9%, 99.9% and 99.9%, respectively. Adding the confirmation questionnaire improved the PPVs to 31.5%, 88.9%, 76.7% and 99.9%; the NPVs were uniformly 99.9%. Expert review yielded PPVs and NPVs that were all ~100%. CONCLUSIONS Gynaecological cancer cannot be accurately assessed by self-reporting alone. Additionally, the external validity of cancer incidence in this cohort was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Takamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Ideno
- Center for Mathematics and Data Science, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mami Kikuchi
- Center of Regional Medical Research and Education, Gunma University Hospital, Meabashi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yasui
- Department of Reproductive and Menopausal Medicine, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naho Maruoka
- Department of International/Community Health Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazue Nagai
- Department of International/Community Health Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hayashi
- Department of International/Community Health Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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Naderi M, Sabour S. Methodological issues on agreement between self-reported and central cancer registry-recorded prevalence of cancer in the Alaska EARTH study. Int J Circumpolar Health 2020; 79:1764284. [PMID: 32449646 PMCID: PMC7448856 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2020.1764284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Naderi
- Clinical Research Development Centre, Taleghani and Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Siamak Sabour
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
- Safety Promotions and Injury Prevention Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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Lee K. Sarcopenic obesity and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk scores in cancer survivors and non-cancer participants using a nationwide survey. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2020; 30:e13365. [PMID: 33174666 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations of combinations of sarcopenia and adiposity phenotypes with 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores in cancer survivors and non-cancer participants. METHODS In 19,019 individuals including 1023 cancer survivors free of CVD who were aged ≥30 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, combination groups of sarcopenia, obesity and abdominal obesity based on handgrip strength, BMI and waist circumference, respectively, were generated and 10-year CVD risk scores based on Framingham risk model were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, health behaviours, dietary intake of nutrients and time since cancer diagnosis and current cancer therapy (in cancer survivors), cancer survivors with sarcopenic non-obesity, non-sarcopenic abdominal obesity or sarcopenic abdominal obesity had, respectively, 84%, 85% and 3.61-fold higher odds for ≥10% CVD risk scores compared with cancer survivors without those phenotypes. In non-cancer participants, sarcopenia, obesity, abdominal obesity and combinations of those phenotypes had higher odds from 1.37 (in those with obesity) to 4.24 (in those with sarcopenic abdominal obesity) for ≥10% CVD risk scores compared with reference phenotypes. In conclusion, cancer survivors and non-cancer participants with sarcopenia, obesity, abdominal obesity or combination of those phenotypes had increased 10-year CVD risk scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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Dau H, Safari A, Saad El Din K, McTaggart-Cowan H, Loree JM, Gill S, De Vera MA. Assessing how health information needs of individuals with colorectal cancer are met across the care continuum: an international cross-sectional survey. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1031. [PMID: 33109114 PMCID: PMC7590465 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies evaluating health information needs in colorectal cancer (CRC) lack specificity in terms of study samples involving patients. We assessed how health information needs of individuals with CRC are met across the care continuum. METHODS We administered an international, online based survey. Participants were eligible for the study if they: 1) were 18 years of age or older; 2) received a diagnosis of CRC; and 3) were able to complete the online health survey in English, French, Spanish, or Mandarin. We grouped participants according to treatment status. The survey comprised sections: 1) demographic and cancer characteristics; 2) health information needs; and 3) health status and quality of life. We used multivariable regression models to identify factors associated with having health information needs met and evaluated impacts on health-related outcomes. RESULTS We analyzed survey responses from 1041 participants including 258 who were currently undergoing treatment and 783 who had completed treatment. Findings suggest that information needs regarding CRC treatments were largely met. However, we found unmet information needs regarding psychosocial impacts of CRC. This includes work/employment, mental health, sexual activity, and nutrition and diet. We did not identify significant predictors of having met health information needs, however, among participants undergoing treatment, those with colon cancer were more likely to have met health information needs regarding their treatments as compared to those with rectal cancer (0.125, 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.25, p-value = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a comprehensive assessment of health information needs among individuals with CRC across the care continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie Dau
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Abdollah Safari
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Khalid Saad El Din
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Helen McTaggart-Cowan
- BC Cancer, 855 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Loree
- BC Cancer, 855 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Sharlene Gill
- BC Cancer, 855 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Mary A De Vera
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Piontek K, Richter A, Hegenscheid K, Chenot JF, Schmidt CO. Recall accuracy of notifications about incidental findings from an MRI examination: results from a population-based study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2020; 74:838-844. [PMID: 32661134 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-212824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-reports of medical findings are indispensable in clinical practice and research but subject to recall bias. We analysed the recall accuracy of notifications about incidental findings (IFs) from a whole-body MRI examination and assessed determinants of recall error. METHODS Data from 3746 participants of a postal follow-up survey conducted on average 2.47 years after examination in the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania were analysed. Among those, 2185 (58.3%) underwent whole-body MRI at baseline, and findings of potential clinical relevance were disclosed in standardised postal letters. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated to determine the accuracy of self-reports. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to analyse predictors for false-positive and false-negative recall. RESULTS An IF was disclosed to 622 (28.5%) individuals; 81.5% had tumour relevance. The overall sensitivity and PPV of participants' self-reports were 80% and 60%, respectively. PPvs were higher among women, better educated and married participants and among those with good verbal memory. Among MRI participants, lower educational level was associated with a higher risk of false-positive recall (risk ratio (RR) 1.44, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.03), while increasing age was associated with a higher risk of false-negative recall (RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.01). CONCLUSIONS Most participants correctly recalled disclosed IFs. However, the probability of an event in case of a positive recall is barely above 50%. Therefore, relying on subjects' recall of disclosed IFs will lead to a relevant proportion of errors. Clinicians and researchers should be aware of this problem and of participants' characteristics which may moderate the probability of correct decisions based on recalled findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Piontek
- Institute for Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Medical Faculty Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Richter
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katrin Hegenscheid
- Department of Radiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jean-Francois Chenot
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Nash SH, Day G, Zimpelman G, Hiratsuka VY, Koller KR. Cancer incidence and associations with known risk and protective factors: the Alaska EARTH study. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:1067-1074. [PMID: 31428891 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is the leading cause of mortality among Alaska Native (AN) people. The Alaska Education and Research Towards Health (EARTH) cohort was established to examine risk and protective factors for chronic diseases, including cancer, among AN people. Here, we describe the cancer experience of the Alaska EARTH cohort in relation to statewide- and region-specific tumor registry data, and assess associations with key cancer risk factors. METHODS AN participants were recruited into the Alaska EARTH cohort during 2004-2006. Data collected included patient demographic, anthropometric, medical and family history, and lifestyle information. This study linked the Alaska EARTH data with cancer diagnoses recorded by the Alaska Native Tumor Registry (ANTR) through 12/31/15. We compared EARTH incidence to ANTR statewide incidence. We examined independent associations of smoking status, diet, BMI, and physical activity with incident all-site cancers using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Between study enrollment and 2015, 171 of 3,712 (4.7%) Alaska EARTH study participants were diagnosed with cancer. The leading cancers among Alaska EARTH participants were female breast, lung, and colorectal cancer, which reflected those observed among AN people statewide. Incidence (95% CI) of cancer (all sites) among Alaska EARTH participants was 629.7 (510.9-748.6) per 100,000 person-years; this was comparable to statewide rates [680.5 (660.0-701.5) per 100,000 population]. We observed lower risk of all-sites cancer incidence among never smokers. CONCLUSIONS Cancer incidence in the Alaska EARTH cohort was similar to incidence observed statewide. Risk and protective factors for leading cancers among AN people mirror those observed among other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Nash
- Alaska Native Epidemiology Center, Alaska Native Tumor Registry, Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA.
| | - Gretchen Day
- Clinical and Research Services, Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Garrett Zimpelman
- Alaska Native Epidemiology Center, Alaska Native Tumor Registry, Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | | | - Kathryn R Koller
- Clinical and Research Services, Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
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Agalliu I, Ortega RA, Luciano MS, Mirelman A, Pont-Sunyer C, Brockmann K, Vilas D, Tolosa E, Berg D, Warø B, Glickman A, Raymond D, Inzelberg R, Ruiz-Martinez J, Mondragon E, Friedman E, Hassin-Baer S, Alcalay RN, Mejia-Santana H, Aasly J, Foroud T, Marder K, Giladi N, Bressman S, Saunders-Pullman R. Cancer outcomes among Parkinson's disease patients with leucine rich repeat kinase 2 mutations, idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients, and nonaffected controls. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1392-1398. [PMID: 31348549 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased cancer risk has been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients carrying the leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S mutation (LRRK2-PD) in comparison with idiopathic PD (IPD). It is unclear whether the elevated risk would be maintained when compared with unaffected controls. METHODS Cancer outcomes were compared among 257 LRRK2-PD patients, 712 IPD patients, and 218 controls recruited from 7 LRRK2 consortium centers using mixed-effects logistic regression. Data were then pooled with a previous study to examine cancer risk between 401 LRRK2-PD and 1946 IPD patients. RESULTS Although cancer prevalence was similar among LRRK2-PD patients (32.3%), IPD patients (27.5%), and controls (27.5%; P = 0.33), LRRK2-PD had increased risks of leukemia (odds ratio [OR] = 4.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-10.61) and skin cancer (OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.09-2.37). In the pooled analysis, LRRK2-PD patients had also elevated risks of leukemia (OR = 9.84; 95% CI, 2.15-44.94) and colon cancer (OR = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.15-4.74) when compared with IPD patients. CONCLUSIONS The increased risks of leukemia as well as skin and colon cancers among LRRK2-PD patients suggest that LRRK2 mutations heighten risks of certain cancers. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Agalliu
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Roberto A Ortega
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marta San Luciano
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anat Mirelman
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Claustre Pont-Sunyer
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Neurology Unit, Hospital General de Granollers, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Dolores Vilas
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniela Berg
- Hertie-Institut für klinische Hirnforschung, Tubingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bjørg Warø
- Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, and Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Amanda Glickman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deborah Raymond
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rivka Inzelberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Javier Ruiz-Martinez
- Neurology Department, Donostia University Hospital, Biodonostia Institut Research, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Elisabet Mondragon
- Neurology Department, Donostia University Hospital, Biodonostia Institut Research, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer and the Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Clinic and Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Helen Mejia-Santana
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jan Aasly
- Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, and Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Karen Marder
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nir Giladi
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Susan Bressman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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