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Cheng X, Wei H, Liu Y, Sun Y, Ye J, Lu P, Han B. Relation between LRG1 and CD4 + T cells, cognitive impairment and neurological function in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Biomark Med 2024; 18:5-14. [PMID: 38380988 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the relationship between LRG1 and CD4+ T cells, cognitive impairment and neurological function in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: Plasma LRG1 was detected by ELISA in 175 patients with AIS at baseline, day (D) 1, D7, month (M) 1 and M3. Results: LRG1 was negatively related to Th2 and Treg cells and positively linked to Th17 (all p < 0.05). LRG1 increased from baseline to D1, then decreased until M3 (p < 0.001). LRG1 at each assessment point was increased in patients with cognitive impairment or poor neurological function at M3 versus those without (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: LRG1 is linked to decreased Th2 and Tregs, increased Th17, cognitive impairment and nonideal neurological function recovery in patients with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University (Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan, 030009, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Control, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030009, China
| | - Hongen Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University (Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan, 030009, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Control, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030009, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University (Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan, 030009, China
| | - Yaxuan Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University (Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan, 030009, China
| | - Jianxin Ye
- Department of Neurology, The 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Pengyu Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University (Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan, 030009, China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University (Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan, 030009, China
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Neisiani AK, Mousavi MK, Soltani M, Aliomrani M. Perfluorooctanoic acid exposure and its neurodegenerative consequences in C57BL6/J mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2357-2367. [PMID: 36700988 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a member of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), an industrial pollutant that has been produced for decades and widely used in various industries. Accumulation of this compound in the environment and body of organisms led to increased concerns about this compound. The toxic effects of PFOA on the nervous system are unknown yet. We aimed to assess the myelination and neurogenesis in brain tissue. In this study, PFOA at doses of 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally into C57BL/6 J mice for 14 days, and the myelin content, CD4 + and CD8 + cell infiltration to brain regions were evaluated. Also, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling was performed to compare neurogenesis among the groups. Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining revealed a significant decrease in myelin content in both sex at high concentrations (p < 0.001). The BrdU incorporation changes were observed in both sexes especially females which was highly related to the dose of PFOA and region of the brain. The infiltration rates of CD4 + and CD8 + cells to the brain were shown to be decreased; meanwhile the lymphocyte count was not significantly changed among groups over time and vice versa for the monocyte and neutrophils. Our results showed that PFOA had a negative impact on neurogenesis and the myelination process through the specific region of the brain depending on the dose and sex. Also, PFOA could disturb the number of CD4 + and CD8 + cells infiltrating the brain, which plays a crucial role in neurogenesis, leading to toxicity and neurological abnormalities. It seems that more research is needed to determine the exact mechanisms of PFOA neurotoxicity and its long-term behavioral consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Khosravi Neisiani
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Kafi Mousavi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Soltani
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aliomrani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Monet MC, Quan N. Complex Neuroimmune Involvement in Neurodevelopment: A Mini-Review. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2979-2991. [PMID: 37489149 PMCID: PMC10363380 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s410562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly evident that cells and molecules of the immune system play significant roles in neurodevelopment. As perinatal infection is associated with the development of neurodevelopmental disorders, previous research has focused on demonstrating that the induction of neuroinflammation in the developing brain is capable of causing neuropathology and behavioral changes. Recent studies, however, have revealed that immune cells and molecules in the brain can influence neurodevelopment without the induction of overt inflammation, identifying neuroimmune activities as integral parts of normal neurodevelopment. This mini-review describes the shift in literature that has moved from emphasizing the intrusion of inflammatory events as a main culprit of neurodevelopmental disorders to evaluating the deviation of the normal neuroimmune activities in neurodevelopment as a potential pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne C Monet
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ning Quan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Jupiter, FL, USA
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Schwartz M, Peralta Ramos JM, Ben-Yehuda H. A 20-Year Journey from Axonal Injury to Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Prospect of Immunotherapy for Combating Alzheimer's Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:243-250. [PMID: 31907265 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the dialogue between the brain and the immune system has undergone dramatic changes over the last two decades, with immense impact on the perception of neurodegenerative diseases, mental dysfunction, and many other brain pathologic conditions. Accumulated results have suggested that optimal function of the brain is dependent on support from the immune system, provided that this immune response is tightly controlled. Moreover, in contrast to the previous prevailing dogma, it is now widely accepted that circulating immune cells are needed for coping with brain pathologies and that their optimal effect is dependent on their type, location, and activity. In this perspective, we describe our own scientific journey, reviewing the milestones in attaining this understanding of the brain-immune axis integrated with numerous related studies by others. We then explain their significance in demonstrating the possibility of harnessing the immune system in a well-controlled manner for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Schwartz
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142; and .,Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Hila Ben-Yehuda
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Ceasing exercise induces depression-like, anxiety-like, and impaired cognitive-like behaviours and altered hippocampal gene expression. Brain Res Bull 2019; 148:118-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Aguilera G, Colín-González AL, Rangel-López E, Chavarría A, Santamaría A. Redox Signaling, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1626-1651. [PMID: 28467722 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is part of the defense system that mostly microglia and macrophages display to induce normal signaling to counteract the deleterious actions of invading pathogens in the brain. Also, redox activity in the central nervous system (CNS) constitutes an integral part of the metabolic processes needed by cells to exert their normal molecular and biochemical functions. Under normal conditions, the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and the following oxidative activity encounter a healthy balance with immunological responses to preserve cell functions in the brain. However, under different pathological conditions, inflammatory responses recruit pro-oxidant signals and vice versa. The aim of this article is to review the basic concepts about the triggering of inflammatory and oxidative responses in the CNS. Recent Advances: Diverse concurrent toxic pathways are described to provide a solid mechanistic scope for considering intervention at the experimental and clinical levels that are aimed at diminishing the harmful actions of these two contributing factors to nerve cell damage. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The main conclusion supports the existence of a narrow cross-talk between pro-inflammatory and oxidative signals that can lead to neuronal damage and subsequent neurodegeneration. Further investigation about critical pathways crosslinking oxidative stress and inflammation will strength our knowlegde on this topic. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1626-1651.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Aguilera
- 1 Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Colín-González
- 1 Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Rangel-López
- 1 Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anahí Chavarría
- 2 Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abel Santamaría
- 1 Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Mexico City, Mexico
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Evolution of Th2 responses: characterization of IL-4/13 in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) and studies of expression and biological activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2240. [PMID: 28533556 PMCID: PMC5440397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Th2 immunity is a primary host defence against metazoan pathogens and two of the important cytokines involved in this immune response in mammals are IL-4 and IL-13. Recently the origin and evolution of Th2 immune responses have been investigated in fish where a molecule with relatedness to both IL-4 and IL-13 is present, termed IL-4/13. Different IL-4/13 paralogues (IL-4/13 A and IL-4/13B) exist in teleost fish. In this paper, we have focused on the IL-4/13 isoforms found in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Two tandem duplicated but divergent IL-4/13 A isoforms and one IL-4/13B are present, a unique situation compared to other teleosts. These genes were studied in terms of their in vitro and in vivo transcript levels after different treatments and their biological activities after production of the recombinant isoforms. The results show that the presence of these three paralogues is associated with different activities, both in terms of their expression profiles and the ability of the proteins to modulate the expression of immune genes in head kidney leukocytes. It is clear that the initiation and control of type-2 responses in seabass is complex due to the presence of multiple IL-4/13 isoforms with overlapping but distinct activities.
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