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Hussenoeder FS, Conrad I, Löbner M, Engel C, Reyes N, Yahiaoui-Doktor M, Glaesmer H, Hinz A, Witte V, Schroeter ML, Medawar E, Wichmann G, Kirsten T, Löffler M, Villringer A, Riedel-Heller SG. The different areas of chronic stress and food addiction: Results from the LIFE-Adult-Study. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3348. [PMID: 37994391 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
There is an empirical association between stress and symptoms of food addiction (FA), but it is still not clear which domains of stress are the most relevant when it comes to FA, limiting the ability of researchers and practitioners to address problematic eating-related health outcomes. In order to address this gap in the literature, we analysed how different domains of chronic stress are related to FA. We used data from a subsample of the LIFE-Adult-Study (N = 1172), a German cohort study. We conducted a linear regression analysis with stress domains (Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress, TICS) as predictors of FA (Yale Food Addiction Scale, YFAS). In the second regression analysis we included sociodemographic variables, personality, and smoking as control variables. There was a significant and positive association between Social Overload, Work Discontent, Excessive Demands from Work, and Chronic Worrying and FA. After adding control variables, only Social Overload, Excessive Demands from Work, and Chronic Worrying remained significant predictors. Connections between stress domains and FA can serve as starting points for the development of meaningful interventions that support individuals self-care strategies (Social Overload), complexity management (Excessive Demands from Work), and coping with negative emotions (Chronic Worrying).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix S Hussenoeder
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Conrad
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margrit Löbner
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Leipzig University, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nigar Reyes
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Leipzig University, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maryam Yahiaoui-Doktor
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Leipzig University, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Veronica Witte
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evelyn Medawar
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunnar Wichmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Toralf Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Leipzig University, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig, Germany
- Department for Medical Data Science, University Medical Data Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Leipzig University, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Beron JC, Solovey G, Ferrelli IA, Pedreira ME, Fernández RS. Large environmental changes reduce valence-dependent belief updating. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10429. [PMID: 38714776 PMCID: PMC11076288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
When updating beliefs, humans tend to integrate more desirable information than undesirable information. In stable environments (low uncertainty and high predictability), this asymmetry favors motivation towards action and perceived self-efficacy. However, in changing environments (high uncertainty and low predictability), this process can lead to risk underestimation and increase unwanted costs. Here, we examine how people (n = 388) integrate threatening information during an abrupt environmental change (mandatory quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic). Given that anxiety levels are associated with the magnitude of the updating belief asymmetry; we explore its relationship during this particular context. We report a significant reduction in asymmetrical belief updating during a large environmental change as individuals integrated desirable and undesirable information to the same extent. Moreover, this result was supported by computational modeling of the belief update task. However, we found that the reduction in asymmetrical belief updating was not homogeneous among people with different levels of Trait-anxiety. Individuals with higher levels of Trait-anxiety maintained a valence-dependent updating, as it occurs in stable environments. On the other hand, updating behavior was not associated with acute anxiety (State-Anxiety), health concerns (Health-Anxiety), or having positive expectations (Trait-Optimism). These results suggest that highly uncertain environments can generate adaptive changes in information integration. At the same time, it reveals the vulnerabilities of individuals with higher levels of anxiety to adapt the way they learn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cruz Beron
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Solovey
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Cálculo, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio A Ferrelli
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Pedreira
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo S Fernández
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia de la Memoria, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires IFIByNE, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Rashtbari A, Taylor DL, Saed O, Malekizadeh H. Psychometric Properties of the Iranian Version of Contrast Avoidance Questionnaires: Could Contrast Avoidance Be a New Transdiagnostic Construct? J Pers Assess 2023; 105:820-837. [PMID: 36719952 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2169153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The contrast avoidance model (CAM) hypothesizes that individuals with chronic worry recruit worry to create and maintain a negative emotional state to avoid sudden increases in negative emotions. Preliminary evidence using the contrast avoidance questionnaires (CAQs) suggests that there might be a similar mechanism across mood and other anxiety disorders. To continue to assess the CAQs, they should be adapted for other languages and evaluated across multiple symptom domains. The present study aimed to develop the Persian versions of the CAQs and examine the transdiagnostic nature of CAM across two studies. A large Persian-speaking college student sample (Total n = 1438) was used to evaluate the factor structure of the CAQs (Study 1) and the psychometric properties of CAQs (Study 2). Results supported the two-factor structure of the CAQ-W (worry) and CAQ-GE (general emotion). Results showed that CAQ-W was a significant predictor of anxiety-related measures. However, CAQ-GE and IUS-12 significantly predicted depressive and other symptoms over the CAQ-W. Results demonstrated excellent psychometric properties. They indicate that contrast avoidance, measured via CAQ-GE, could be a transdiagnostic construct, and CAQ-W may be more sensitive to anxiety-specific contrast avoidance among Persian speaking and/or Iranian individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rashtbari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Danielle L Taylor
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Omid Saed
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Malekizadeh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
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Rogers TA, Gorday JY, Bardeen JR, Benfer N. Examining the Factor Structure and Incremental Utility of the Contrast Avoidance Questionnaires via Bifactor Analysis. J Pers Assess 2023; 105:238-248. [PMID: 35674446 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2022.2081921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The negative emotional contrast avoidance model posits that pathological worry is maintained by the avoidance of negative emotional shifts. The Contrast Avoidance Questionnaires (CAQ-Worry and CAQ-General Emotion) aim to assess contrast avoidance beliefs and behaviors. Questions remain around the factor structures of the CAQs, whether such structures replicate in nonundergraduate samples, and whether their domain-specific factors are valid for independent use. This study used bifactor analysis in a large community sample (N = 827) to address these gaps in the literature. Results supported bifactor models of both measures. Complementary analyses supported the multidimensionality of the CAQ-Worry, including its strong general factor and independent use of two domain-specific factors, rather than the original three domain-specific factors. The CAQ-General Emotion's general factor was strong, but the merits of the Discomfort domain-specific factor require more exploration, and use of the Avoidance domain-specific factor is discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis A Rogers
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Julia Y Gorday
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Joseph R Bardeen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Natasha Benfer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
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