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Pompeo A, Afonso J, Cirillo ELR, Costa JA, Vilaça-Alves J, Garrido N, González-Víllora S, Williams AM, Casanova F. Impact of temperature on physical and cognitive performance in elite female football players during intermittent exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14646. [PMID: 38700046 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
There is limited research on female football players, especially related to their physical and cognitive performance under different climactic conditions. We analyzed the impact of a hot environmental temperature on physical performance and anticipation in elite female football players during a fatigue-inducing intermittent protocol. Elite female players (n = 21) performed the countermovement jump (CMJ) and responded to filmed sequences of offensive play under two distinct environmental temperatures (i.e., mild environment temperature- 20°C and 30% rh versus hot environment temperature- 38°C and 80% rh), interspersed by 1-week interval. Linear mixed models were used. CMJ performance declined following the intermittent protocol on both temperature conditions (p < 0.05). Moreover, there were significant main effects for protocol on CMJ speed (m/s) (p = 0.001; ηp 2 = 0.12), CMJ power (p = 0.002; ηp 2 = 0.11), and CMJ Heightmax (p = 0.002; ηp 2 = 0.12). After performing the intermittent protocol, exposure to a hot temperature caused a greater decline in anticipation accuracy (mild temperature = 64.41% vs. hot temperature = 53.44%; p < 0.001). Our study shows impaired performance in elite female football players following an intermittent protocol under hot compared with mild environmental conditions. We report decreased performance in both CMJ and anticipation performance under hotter conditions. The results reveal that exposure to hot temperatures had a negative effect on the accuracy of their anticipatory behaviors. We consider the implication of the work for research and training interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pompeo
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Afonso
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Everton Luis Rodrigues Cirillo
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
- State University of Londrina (UEL)/Sports Science Department, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Júlio A Costa
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José Vilaça-Alves
- Department of Sport-Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Garrido
- Department of Sport-Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sixto González-Víllora
- Sport and Physical Activity Education Research Group, Faculty of Education, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Andrew Mark Williams
- Department of Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance Group, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Filipe Casanova
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
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Jia S, Luo H, Liu X, Fan X, Huang Z, Lu S, Shen L, Guo S, Liu Y, Wang Z, Cao L, Cao Z, Zhang X, Zhou W, Zhang J, Li J, Wu J, Xiao W. Dissecting the novel mechanism of reduning injection in treating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113871. [PMID: 33485971 PMCID: PMC7825842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Reduning injection (RDNI) is a patented Traditional Chinese medicine that contains three Chinese herbal medicines, respectively are the dry aboveground part of Artemisia annua L., the flower of Lonicera japonica Thunb., and the fruit Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis. RDNI has been recommended for treating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the "New Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan". AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate and verify the underlying mechanisms of RDNI for the treatment of COVID-19. METHODS This study firstly performed anti-SARS-CoV-2 experiments in Vero E6 cells. Then, network pharmacology combined with molecular docking was adopted to explore the potential mechanisms of RDNI in the treatment for COVID-19. After that, western blot and a cytokine chip were used to validate the predictive results. RESULTS We concluded that half toxic concentration of drug CC50 (dilution ratio) = 1:1280, CC50 = 2.031 mg crude drugs/mL (0.047 mg solid content/mL) and half effective concentration of drug (EC50) (diluted multiples) = 1:25140.3, EC50 = 103.420 μg crude drugs/mL (2.405 μg solid content/mL). We found that RDNI can mainly regulate targets like carbonic anhydrases (CAs), matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) and pathways like PI3K/AKT, MAPK, Forkhead box O s and T cell receptor signaling pathways to reduce lung damage. We verified that RDNI could effectively inhibit the overexpression of MAPKs, PKC and p65 nuclear factor-κB. The injection could also affect cytokine levels, reduce inflammation and display antipyretic activity. CONCLUSION RDNI can regulate ACE2, Mpro and PLP in COVID-19. The underlying mechanisms of RDNI in the treatment for COVID-19 may be related to the modulation of the cytokine levels and inflammation and its antipyretic activity by regulating the expression of MAPKs, PKC and p65 nuclear factor NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jia
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Hua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Xiaotian Fan
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Liangliang Shen
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Siyu Guo
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China; The Key Laboratory for the New Technique Research of TCM Extraction and Purification, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222047, China.
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China; The Key Laboratory for the New Technique Research of TCM Extraction and Purification, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222047, China.
| | - Zeyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China; The Key Laboratory for the New Technique Research of TCM Extraction and Purification, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222047, China.
| | - Xinzhuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China; The Key Laboratory for the New Technique Research of TCM Extraction and Purification, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222047, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China; The Key Laboratory for the New Technique Research of TCM Extraction and Purification, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222047, China.
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